Nonviolent video game - Knowledge (XXG)

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popularity of violent video games and increases in youth violence have led to much research into the degree to which video games may be blamed for societally negative behaviors. Despite the inconclusive nature of the scientific results, a number of groups have rejected violent video games as offensive and have promoted the development of non-violent alternatives. The existence of a market for such games has in turn led to the manufacture and distribution of a number of games specifically designed for the nonviolent gaming community. Video game reviewers have additionally identified a number of games belonging to traditionally violent gameplay genres as "nonviolent" in comparison to a typical game from the violent genre. Despite the fact that some of these games contain mild violence, many of them have entered the argot of nonviolent gamers as characteristic non-violent games.

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suggestions that the interactivity available in violent video games narrows the gap between the theory and practice of youth violence in a manner that goes beyond the effects of televised violence. Acknowledgment of the fact that, for better or worse, video games are likely to remain a part of modern society has led to a brace of comparative studies between violent games and non-violent games. As technology has advanced, such studies have adapted to include the effects of violent games and non-violent games in new media methods such as immersive virtual reality simulations.

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about a quarter of all video game sales. Gamers seeking violence find themselves increasingly age restricted as identified violence level increases. This means that non-violent games, which are the least restricted, are available to all players at any age. This moral or legislative public policy against violence has the indirect effect of encouraging players of all ages and especially younger players to play non-violent games, however it also produces something of a

1413: 1363: 3765: 1401: 998: 1429: 1441: 3351:. Although much of the gameplay characteristic to stealth games accords closely with the requirements of the non-violent genre, stealth games most frequently simply delay chaotic violence to focus instead upon controlled precision violence. When stealth and violence are both present as options, stealth is often presented as the superior option for being morally superior or requiring greater skill. 3028:, among others. These games are generally less frequently described as non-violent due to the self-evident nature of the descriptive term. Prior to the development of games specifically designed for non-violence, non-violent gamers were limited to these traditionally non-violent genres, however a number of games even under the traditionally non-violent umbrella may be considered arguably violent. 3278:

definition by which the vast majority of video games may be described as violent. Despite arguments to the contrary, however, such characterizations have been employed as a marketing tool by makers and distributors of non-violent video games, and the degree of popularity enjoyed by games so described may be attributed to the comparative violence of other more violent members of the supergenre.

1377: 1203:, stating, "It was my idea ." He was quick to mention that the case would probably do well with or without his presence. This decision followed scrutiny from Judge James Moore, however Thompson claimed he received no pressure to withdraw. At the same time, Judge James Moore had taken the motion to revoke Thompson's license under advisement. Jack Thompson appeared in court to defend his 3310:, the player merely interacts with the environment by touching things in the first-person and the term "shooter" is seen to be objectively inaccurate. Despite this, non-violent first-person games have often been characterized oxymoronically as shooters because of all comparable genres, these games are most closely similar to the FPS and often employ engines designed for the FPS genre. 1453: 1294:, Lieberman has stated, "The player is rewarded for attacking a woman, pushing her to the ground, kicking her repeatedly and then ultimately killing her, shooting her over and over again. I call on the entertainment companies—they've got a right to do that, but they have a responsibility not to do it if we want to raise the next generation of our sons to treat women with respect." 818:, led a study on violence in youth and determined that while the impact of video games on violent behavior has yet to be determined, "findings suggest that media violence has a relatively small impact on violence", and that "meta-analysis the overall effect size for both randomized and correlational studies was small for physical aggression and moderate for aggressive thinking." 2657: 1465: 1477: 3670:

of battles, wars, and other skirmishes. Additionally, strategy games tend to more often strive for realistic scenarios and depictions of the battles that result. Counteracting this violence, however, is the fact that strategy games tend to be set at a distant third party perspective and as such the violence of the battles tends to be minute and highly stylized.

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identification is applied counterintuitively to titles where there might otherwise be a question concerning non-violence. This has led such categorization to be viewed with mistrust, hostility, and mockery by those who fail to recognize the comparative nature of the definition or who disagree fundamentally with the underlying purpose of the genre.

2254: 2526:, according to Rev. Bagley, is "to build the genre of Christian gaming. People are tired of having these violent, demonic games dictating to their kids." Among Christian FPS games, a lack of gore has often been used as the minimum standard for non-violence. Christian game reviewers have at times characterized non-Christian games such as 1172:. The suit was dismissed by Judge Babcock in March 2002 in a ruling suggesting that a decision against the game makers would have a chilling effect on free speech. Babcock noted that "it is manifest that there is social utility in expressive and imaginative forms of entertainment, even if they contain violence." 953:

violent games may cause more intense feelings of aggression than nonviolent games, and may trigger feelings of anger and hostility. Theoretical explanations for these types of effects have been explained in myriad theories including social cognitive theory, excitation transfer theory, priming effect and the

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since the 2000s, however as Christian games have striven to compete with their more popular secular progenitors, there has been an increasing number of games released that blur the lines between Christian and non-Christian values. Jack Thompson, for instance, has publicly decried such Christian games

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The purposes behind the development of the nonviolent genre are primarily reactionary in nature. As video quality and level of gaming technology have increased, the violent nature of some video games has gained worldwide attention from moral, political, gender, and medical/psychological quarters. The

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who was instrumental in bringing him down in 2000. Though these games are anti-violent, however, failure on the part of the player leads to violence. Thus the goal of the game is merely shifted to active violence-prevention while the degree of violence used to challenge the player remains consistent

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Studies have also shown that there are tangible benefits to violence in action games such as increased ability to process visual information quickly and accurately. This has led to support for the development of action games that are non-violent which will allow players to retain the positive visual

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in a number of different forms like a human, a pig, a dog, or a worm. Whatever form you came back as would limit the way in which you could interact with other characters in the game. Like the majority of games that have been labeled non-violent, violence in the game that is applied to the character

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Criticism for the violent aspects of video game culture has come from a number of anti-violence groups, and perhaps the most vocal of these are the numerous religious opposition groups. The moral codes of nearly all major religions contain prohibitions against murder and violence in general. In some

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in October 2005. By December 2005, both bills had been struck down in court by Judge Ronald Whyte as unconstitutional, thereby preventing either from going into effect on 1 January 2006. Similar bills were subsequently filed in such states as Michigan and Illinois, but to date all have been ruled to

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in which the player attempts to convert as many civilians in an apocalyptic future as possible by raising their spirit level and shielding them from the corrupting influences of rock-and-roll music and general secularism. The game has been criticized by such anti-violent video game personalities as

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For the most part, non-violent groups have not explored this genre of violent game. Gender-marketers have designed strategy games for both male and female audiences, however gender-linked treatment of violence has not occurred in this genre and as such, male- and female-oriented strategy games tend

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As with role-playing games, strategy games have traditionally focused on the development and expansion of a group as they defend themselves from the attacks of enemies. Strategy games tend not to be explicitly described as violent, however they nearly universally contain violent content in the form

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violent, has at times generated vociferous arguments that the concept is inconceivable and at best oxymoronic. This argument typically derives from a strict definition of violence as "extreme, destructive, or uncontrollable force especially of natural events; intensity of feeling or expression, " a

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Action games have typically been among the most violent of video games genres with the liberal employment of enemies to thwart the actions of the player-character, and an emphasis on killing these enemies to neutralize them. As action games have developed they have become progressively more violent

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set out to produce several non-violent games, drawing inspiration from a claimed agreement between several religions under the sign of nonviolence: "Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Judaism and others, – because throughout all of them can be found a common thread of decency meant to

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With advancements in video technology and the rise of video games containing graphic violence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, media violence research shifted to a great degree from televised violence to video game violence. Although under current debate, a number of researchers have claimed that

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violence. Many traditional gameplay genres naturally lack violence and application of the term "non-violent video games" to titles that fall under these categories raises no questions regarding accuracy. For game developers and designers who self-identify as non-violent video game makers, however,

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As the first precept requires an actual living being to be killed to be considered as violated, Buddhists can still enjoy video games with violence because there is no real being that is dying or being hurt. The fuller extent of the first precept is to maintain a harmless attitude towards all. The

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A number of studies have been conducted specifically analyzing the differences between male and female preference in video game styles. Studies have vacillated between findings that the gender effect on violence preference in games is significant and insignificant, however no firm conclusions have

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In 2000, the County Council for St. Louis, Missouri, enacted Ordinance 20,193 that barred minors from purchasing, renting, or playing violent video games deemed to contain any visual depiction or representation of realistic injury to a human or a "human-like being" that appealed to minors' "morbid

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was that "focusing on such easy but minor targets as violent video games causes parents, social activists and public-policy makers to ignore the much more powerful and significant causes of youth violence that have already been well established, including a range of social, behavioral, economic,

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Video game rating boards exist in a number of countries, typically placing restrictions (suggested or under force of law) for content that is violent or sexual in nature. About 5% of games fall into a category rated "mature" and recommended to those 17 years old and older. Those games account for

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Results have varied, with some research indicating correlation between violence in video games and violence in players of the games, and other research indicating minimal if any relationship. Despite the lack of solid conclusion on the issue, the suggestion that violent games cause youth violence

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The majority of these games have not been scientifically tested to see whether children learn the skills the games claim to teach.In another study performed in Chile, educational video games were put into some first and second grade classrooms. Children who had the games in their classroom showed

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that have been developed without the specific intent of non-violence have been identified by reviewers and the non-violent gaming community as non-violent FPSes. Such characterizations have led to the concern that parents may allow their children to play these games, not realizing that there are

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ratings. All three senators have actively sought restrictions on video game content with Sen. Lieberman denouncing the violence contained in video games and attempting to regulate sales of violent video games to minors, arguing that games should have to be labeled based upon age-appropriateness.

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In 2003, Washington State enacted a statute banning the sale or rental to minors of video games containing "aggressive conflict in which the player kill, injures, or otherwise causes physical harm to a human form in the game who is depicted by dress or other recognizable symbols as a public law

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Though infrequently regarded as explicitly violent, role-playing video games (RPGs) have traditionally focused on the adventures of a party of travelers as they spend days and months leveling-up to fight greater and greater foes. Fighting in these games is highly stylized and often turn-based,

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or the newer Sherlock Holmes games, may bear striking resemblance to the violent game whose engine they are using. Developers of such games often have done little to change the game other than replacing violent or scary imagery and recasting the storyline to describe "zorching", "slobbing", or

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One difference between video games and television which nearly all media violence studies recognize is that video games are primarily interactive while television is primarily passive in nature. Video game players identify with the character they control in the video games and there have been

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are also most frequently non-violent. The indisputably non-violent nature of these games are often considered self-evident by members of both the non-violent gaming community and the gaming community at large. As such they are often not explicitly identified as such. Typically, explicit

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and the legislatures of states and other countries, a number of legislative actions have been taken to mandate rating systems and to curb the distribution of violent video games. At times, individual games considered too violent have been censored or banned in such countries as

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standing by Judge Moore who noted that "Mr. Thompson's actions before this Court suggest that he is unable to conduct himself in a manner befitting practice in this state." In March 2006, the Alabama Supreme Court upheld Judge Moore's ruling against the dismissal of the case.

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as precedent suggesting that video game content was a form of freedom of expression, however in 2002 the Eastern District Court of Missouri ultimately issued the controversial ruling that "video games are not a form of expression protected by the First Amendment" in

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As research supporting the view that video game violence leads to youth violence has been produced, there have been a number of lawsuits initiated by victims to gain compensation for loss alleged to have been caused by video-game-related violence. Similarly, in the

671:(1987) featured the ability to decapitate opponents. It was not until graphic capabilities increased and a wave of new ultra-violent titles were released in the early 1990s that the mainstream news began to pay significant attention to the phenomenon. In 1992, with 3387:– A game lacking violence to sentient beings wherein the player, in a ship, rescues human miners trapped in mines guarded by malfunctioning mining robots. The player has to navigate maze-like mines in order to save the hostages and shutdown the malfunctioning mine. 634:, had suggested that games had no merit and offered little in the way of anything constructive to young people. Despite early general claims of the negative effects of video games, however, effects of these concerns were relatively minor prior to the early 1990s. 2356:

cases this prohibition even extends to aggression, wrath, and anger. Violent video games, while merely vicarious in nature, have been the focus of religious disapproval or outrage in various circles. Notable anti-violent-video-game crusader, former attorney

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is renowned for its impressive levels of graphic violence, gore and irreverent humour, it is possible to complete the game without harming a single person. For players who choose such a route, the game will praise them as "Jesus" at the end of the final

1319:(S.3935). The act would require the ESRB to have access to the full content of and hands-on time with the games it was to rate, rather than simply relying on the video demonstrations submitted by developers and publishers. Two days later, Congressman 855:

Games in which the player acts non-violently – Games where violence occurs to the character-player as a result of environmental hazards or enemies but the character-player's reaction is to run away or otherwise distance himself from the violence.

586:. As the term is vague, game designers, developers, and marketers that describe themselves as non-violent video game makers, as well as certain reviewers and members of the non-violent gaming community, often employ it to describe games with 4079:

Anderson, C. A.; Bushman, B. J. (2001). "Effects of violent games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytical review of the scientific literature".

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Totally non-violent games – Games in which absolutely no violence occurs. This category contains games characterized by lack of the death of characters, lack of sudden noise or movement, and often lack of traditional conflict. (e.g.,

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interest in violence". This ordinance was challenged in 2001 by the Interactive Digital Software Association (IDSA) as violative of freedom of expression as guaranteed by the first amendment. The IDSA cited the 7th Circuit case of

622:, that "he games people play reveal a great deal about them". This was built upon in the early 1980s in an anti-video-game crusade spearheaded by the former Long Island PTA president, Ronnie Lamm, who spoke about her cause on the 3191:– A game with only environmental hazards featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must guide a small creature through a series of caverns and mountains containing pitfalls and hazards in order to get to the end. 3598:, a game with enemies featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player wanders about converting the denizens of his town to Christianity while fending off the attacks of wild animals with holy food. Another example is 2609:

in ascending order. The only way to actually win the game is to complete it without harming or killing any other living creature. Despite the violence-free requirements of the main character, however, a player could die and be

3133:. This has created a spectrum of violence in action games. Non-violent video game proponents have labeled a number of games containing comparatively low-level violence as non-violent as well as games such as the anti-violent 3577:

however the actions of the player-characters and the enemies that attack them are distinctly violent. There have been some attempts made to reduce this violence by rendering it in cartoonish format as in some members of the

808:". A great deal of discussion of violence in video games followed this event with strong arguments made on both sides, and research into the phenomenon which had begun during the 1980s received renewed support and interest. 2714:

main problem is the mind, which is the main focus of Buddhism. Violent video games tend to create ill-will and tension, thus it is not conducive for meditation practice. Other than that, the action of the mind also creates

3340:. At times, similarities between violent progenitors and their non-violent descendants have proved strong enough that the non-violent developers have cast their game as a spoof of the violent version. This is apparent in 2987: 2279:

In 2008, an example of such studies was funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice to the Center for Mental Health and Media. These studies were released in the book,

2934:. Unlike genres described by style of gameplay, non-violent video games span a wide number of gameplay genres. Defined in the negative, the purpose of non-violent games is to provide the player with an experience that 2501:

Some of these games, despite containing objectively violent content, have been affirmatively labeled "non-violent video games" by marketers and faith-based non-violent gaming communities. In direct response to the

3199:– A game with enemies featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must navigate his way through a marble maze while enemy marbles and other enemies attempt to knock him off or otherwise destroy him. 831:. In other words, in order to recognize a non-violent game, an identifier must recognize the violent game as a distinct class. This has led to a degree of ambiguity in the term as it relies upon a definition of 1303:

struck down a state statute that sought to bar minors from purchasing video games with violent content. The statute was declared an unconstitutional violation of the 1st Amendment. Amici filing briefs included

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the hero must "jump around doing tricks to soldiers ... to get over any barrier or road block implanted by Israeli Defense forces without using violence, earn respect by helping surrounded people whom

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Despite this, the controversies and debate have persisted, and this has been the catalyst for the emergence of the non-violent video game genre. Non-violent video games are defined in the negative by a

3098:– A game lacking violence to sentient beings wherein a player must either bomb malfunctioning robots or conserve bombs by stepping strategically in order to induce the robots to crash into one another. 6846:. Hearing Before The Subcommittee on Courts, The Internet, And Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives. 108th Congress. 2d Session. 20 May 2004. Serial No. 93. 3281:

Non-violent first-person shooter developers have expressed the notion that it is the challenge of making a non-violent game in a violent genre that motivates them in part. Rarely, FPS games such as

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Despite this conclusion, general awareness of the issue together with traditional stereotyping has led a number of game developers and designers to create non-violent video games specifically for

691:, genuine controversy was first ignited as the wide and growing popularity of violent video games came into direct conflict with the moral and religious ethics of concerned citizens. Protests and 3320:

otherwise non-lethally incapacitating enemies. Examples of simple changes intended to reduce violence for non-violent FPSes include the alteration of the red shroud from the death-sequence in

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right to practice law in Alabama, following accusations that he violated legal ethics. Shortly thereafter, the case was dismissed and Thompson's license was revoked following a denial of his

1405: 2522:, the player fights inhuman demons using holy armament. When "sent back" the demons produce no blood or gore, and for this reason it has been described as a non-violent game. The intent of 2468:

for violence have been FPS games, and for this reason, Christian games in the FPS genre have struggled to overcome the blurring effects of the violence inherent to the genre. Games such as

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for strategy involving the slaying of infidels and non-believers, and for the ability of players engaged in multi-play modes to play as the Antichrist on the side of the Forces of Satan.

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was developed by Taranjit Singh as a game revolving around Sikh. It was planned for it to contain mild violence. In 2006, Singh complained that the game was unfairly stereotyped and that

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genre. With both sport and vehicle simulation games, gameplay has traditionally been highly bipolar with nearly as many violent titles as non-violent. Just as there are non-violent and

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series – A series with enemies featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must solve block-sliding puzzles in order to secure a key and unlock the door to the next room.

3081:– A game with only environmental hazards featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must break blocks (mild violence) with a ball while avoiding the floor of the level. 1176:

enforcement officer." In 2004, this statute was subsequently declared an unconstitutional violation of the first amendment right to free speech in the Federal District Court case of

3223:– A game lacking violence to any living creature; the player must find children and missing objects. The game is also educational and teaches young children about safety lessons. 1051: 6192: 1346:

effect. For this and other reasons, the effectiveness of rating systems such as the ESRB to actually curb violent gameplay in youth gaming has been characterized as futile.

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One subgenre of the FPS that typically is not characterized as non-violent despite the fact that gameplay revolves to a great degree around avoidance of battle, is that of

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Games in which the player acts non-violently to other sentient beings – Games where a player acts violently against robots or other non-living non-sentient enemies (e.g.

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have in the past been identified as nonviolent. A common example of a nonviolent game that has been employed in a number of studies and government committee reports is

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has conducted research in the field of video game violence and has concluded that "findings suggest that media violence has a relatively small impact on violence."

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Kirsh, S. J. (1998). "Seeing the world through Mortal Kombat-colored glasses: violent video games and the development of a short-term hostile attribution bias".

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have all been identified as containing certain modes of play that are mostly non-violent. This concept is also explored in the higher difficulty levels of the

3371:– A game with only environmental hazards featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must navigate her way out of a dungeon filled with hazards. 2368:

population have increased in number of adherents, new marketing opportunities have developed contemporaneously. Several religion-centric games forums such as

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was designed with the intention of "illustrat the unillustratable, and 'subvert' the image of violent video games in the process." Nelson was interviewed by

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is a personal rule of not killing. This moral guideline extends to human as well as non-human life. There are five conditions to violate the first precept:

4796: 3472: 3363:– A game featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must navigate a playing-field avoiding enemies as they attempt to "slob" him with trash. 3254: 3129:

have tended to shy away from this kind of realism in favor of cartoon and fantasy violence, a concept also implicated in the increase of youth violence by

6873: 6232: 3957: 3865:. Distinction of games as violent or non-violent here serves a purely practical purpose as gameplay may differ considerably beyond the merely aesthetic. 1481: 1299: 618: 6284: 5596: 5246: 4999: 4769: 3708:, a documentary filmmaker and director of Bringing Down a Dictator, a non-violent resistance film featuring Ivan Marovic, a resistance leader against 6449: 4007: 2325:. Advertisement placement and other marketing techniques have in the past targeted women as more receptive to non-violent video game genres such as 1222: 4916: 4874:

The Impact of Interactive Violence on Children: Testimony submitted to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate

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of clairvoyance, levitation, invisibility, shrinking and strength, and the ultimate goal of the game was to achieve pure consciousness by removing

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followed the publicizing of these conflicts, and controversies would erupt periodically throughout the 1990s with the releases of such games as

7334: 3017: 1046:. The suit was dismissed in 2000, absolving the companies of responsibility for the shooter's actions based on a lack of remedy under Kentucky 251: 118: 6108: 5500: 5169: 3344:. Off-beat and absurdist humor have been employed in a number of games order to tone down the serious content by makers of non-violent FPSes. 4254:

Tamborini, R.; Eastin, M. S.; Skalski, P.; Lachlan, K.; Fediuk, T. A.; Brady, R. (2004). "Violent virtual video games and hostile thoughts".

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over the years as advances in graphic capabilities allowed for more realistic enemies and death sequences. Nevertheless, some companies like

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Silvern, S. B.; Williamson, P. A. (1987). "The effects of video game play on young children's aggression, fantasy, and prosocial behavior".

6794: 5626: 2308: 1417: 942: 812: 627: 6312: 5922: 2425: 5475: 1381: 1286: 1282: 1226: 337: 3073:– A game featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must navigate a dangerous amusement park to collect pieces of money. 3065:– A totally non-violent game wherein the player must assign the mathematically appropriate number to the corresponding blank in a grid. 835:

which for different identifiers may mean different things. In general, violence may be placed into at least three distinct categories:

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arcade game (a game with black and white graphics which involved running over screaming zombies). In the 1980s titles such as Exidy's

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still some elements of violence including violent deaths. Further ambiguities arise when determining whether a game is a first-person

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It’s All Fun And Games Until Someone Gets Hurt: The Effectiveness Of Proposed Video-Game Legislation On Reducing Violence In Children

3179:– A game featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player avoids bullies, clowns, and businessmen in order to skateboard to 7760: 6720: 5096: 5069: 4212: 4176: 4027: 3966: 3559: 2700: 1758: 549: 5129: 4492: 4124: 2667: 782:

In April 1999, the fears of the media and violence-watch groups were legitimated in their eyes as investigations into the lives of

6187: 5680: 4278:"Experimental study of the differential effects of playing versus watching violent video games on children's aggressive behavior" 1486: 1469: 1336: 924: 757: 291: 261: 4277: 7892: 7490: 7415: 7135: 6737: 5661: 5369: 5311: 3227: 2944: 1393: 1042: 1037: 677: 6145: 6080: 4854: 7958: 6866: 6344: 3629: 3594: 3568: 2503: 1316: 1083: 957:. However recent scholarship has suggested that social cognitive theories of aggression are outdated and should be retired. 787: 6375: 3585: 2782:) primarily aimed at younger audiences has emerged with the intention of promoting Jewish religious concepts related to the 5871: 5722: 5694: 3171:– A totally non-violent game wherein the player traverses a natural landscape as a small person in order to get to the end. 2364:, and his legal actions against violent video games have been intimately linked to his religious views. As groups like the 7688: 7410: 7185: 5995: 5187: 3809:

fantasy violence (cartoon characters that must fight or destroy things, and risk being killed, in order to achieve a goal)

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more progress in math, reading comprehension, and spelling than the children who did not use games in their classrooms.

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have been designed specifically to target female markets and contains little or no violence in keeping with what some

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Games with environmental hazards only – Games lacking enemies, but containing a potentially violent environment (e.g.

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Television and Video Game Violence: Age Differences and the Combined Effects of Passive and Interactive Violent Media

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is a game where a non-violent player meets and travels with a second anonymous player on a journey to a mountaintop.

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An example of a notable Christian video game organization is the Christian Game Developers Foundation, focusing on

2465: 992: 692: 447: 271: 2678: 2302:" compared to a majority of violent games in the top ten favorites of boys. Ultimately, the conclusion reached in 612:

Controversies surrounding the negative influences of video games are nearly as old as the medium itself. In 1964,

594:. However, a number of games at the fringe of the "non-violence" label can only be viewed as objectively violent. 7882: 7788: 7727: 6893: 6859: 6503: 3623: 3424: 3304:, the player doesn't shoot anything at all, but merely clicks walls with the cursor. Similarly, in games such as 3219: 3155: 2939:

the challenge has been to expand the concepts of non-violence into such traditionally violent gameplay genres as

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has filed lawsuits against the makers of violent games, alleging the violent content causes real-world violence.

7968: 7772: 7342: 7233: 7215: 7068: 6637: 6159: 4194:. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College – Department of Psychology. December 2002. 3943: 3682: 3203: 3094: 3005: 2992: 2918: 2470: 2357: 2350: 2259: 1305: 1230: 1017: 1002: 6229: 4406: 3709: 6842: 6577: 5798: 3674:

to contain equal degrees of violence. Christian developers have made various attempts at the genre including

7707: 7397: 7225: 5593: 5243: 4995: 3835: 3823: 3130: 3025: 2518:, a Christian first-person game produced by N'Lightening Software involving holy swords instead of guns. In 2514: 1117: 984: 920: 775: 341: 281: 6679:

I should also mention that there is no shooting to be found anywhere in the game. How positively refreshing

4784:

Parents’ Action Endorses New Clinton-Lieberman-Bayh Bill Banning the Sale of Violent Video Games to Minors.

4770:

Senators Clinton, Lieberman Announce Federal Legislation to Protect Children from Inappropriate Video Games

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little or no violence. The definition has been applied flexibly to games in such purposive genres as the

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been achieved to date. The number of studies in this field has blossomed contemporaneously with greater

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The separation of violent and nonviolent sports here illustrates a phenomenon also recognizable in the

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series or by recasting the enemies' deaths as "fainting", "sleeping", or becoming "stunned" as in the

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Olson, CK; Kutner, LA; Warner, DE; Almerigi, JB; Baer, L; Nicholi, AM (2007). "Jr, & Beresin EV:

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Christian Video Games Offer Wholesome Action: Game Makers Hope Non-Violent Alternatives Will Catch On

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gameplay and Biblical principles. Another well known Christian video game creator and distributor is

2461: 2429: 2391: 2385: 2338: 2326: 966: 887: 763: 645: 591: 380: 266: 256: 229: 70: 5224: 4944: 4335:

Are the effects of unreal violent video games pronounced when playing with a virtual reality system?

7522: 7472: 7427: 7260: 7140: 6105: 5497: 5166: 5088: 5061: 4044:

Mussen, P.; Rutherford, E. (1961). "Effects of aggressive cartoons on children's aggressive play".

3796: 3635: 3448: 3289: 2542: 2528: 2418: 791: 745: 453: 363: 125: 101: 65: 49: 4125:"Paradigm change in aggression research: The time has come to retire the General Aggression Model" 2792:, a puzzle-adventure game featuring a non-violent battle between Rabbis that takes the form of an 7923: 7865: 7527: 7495: 7370: 7347: 7203: 7173: 7008: 6978: 6775: 6695: 6611: 6331: 5785: 5524: 4316: 4105: 3436: 3086: 2729:

have been created that promote the Five Precepts and Buddhism generally. The Buddhist concept of

2049: 1250: 1199: 1156: 954: 910: 876: 769: 727: 388: 224: 6558: 5812: 5206: 3484: 874:

Games with enemies – Games with violent enemies which the player-character must avoid (e.g. the

5919: 5438: 4024: 3034:, for instance, is an abstraction of a scenario that often leads to a patently violent result. 7928: 7841: 7836: 7507: 7453: 7362: 7195: 7155: 6958: 6716: 6410: 5867: 5484: 5092: 5065: 5037: 4822: 4308: 4208: 4172: 4168: 4097: 4061: 3962: 3854: 3061: 3038: 2997: 2966: 2958: 2931: 2875: 2590: 2334: 2299: 2288: 1141: 1109: 848: 657: 408: 301: 219: 177: 96: 76: 6029: 5472: 5084:

Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth About Violent Video Games and What Parents Can Do

5057:

Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth About Violent Video Games and What Parents Can Do

4388: 2498:

have avoided the issue by expressing the view that justified violence is morally acceptable.

2442:

as he non-violently shoots food with a slingshot in order to sate hordes of ravening animals.

2421:

group, has advised parents in relation to video games to "avoid the violent ones altogether.

2286:, wherein it was found that among girls, nine of the "top ten were nonviolent games such as 7918: 7829: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7589: 7584: 7539: 7380: 7145: 7046: 6985: 6925: 6882: 6767: 6666: 6326: 5029: 4624: 4596: 4571: 4546: 4475: 4450: 4369: 4300: 4292: 4236: 4139: 4089: 4053: 3831: 3747: 3510: 3050: 3046: 3042: 2970: 2962: 2748: 1545: 1189: 709: 613: 413: 306: 130: 6254: 5826: 5297: 7887: 7577: 7432: 7053: 7013: 6828: 6744: 6623: 6453: 6269: 6236: 6215: 6196: 6112: 6084: 5999: 5949: 5926: 5875: 5833: 5729: 5708: 5647: 5600: 5570: 5504: 5479: 5409: 5402: 5373: 5337: 5250: 5173: 5003: 4920: 4897: 4741: 4619: 4591: 4566: 4541: 4496: 4470: 4445: 3842: 3546: 3541: 3408:– The sequel of the original Chex Quest, featuring the same premise of non-violent action. 3367: 3300: 2615:

rather than that the character applies is not considered to make the game a violent game.

2534: 2485: 2447: 2361: 1787: 1575: 1343: 1270: 1162: 1010: 751: 662: 631: 321: 81: 7649: 6963: 4348:

Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life

2922:

propel us toward spiritual enlightenment". This project seems to have been discontinued.

5148: 4638: 4489: 4147: 2814:, Muslim developer Afkar Media has also produced at least one non-violent game entitled 7532: 7238: 7122: 7034: 7029: 6920: 6014: 4240: 3698:, a game where the player tries to foster peace between Israelis and Palestinians, and 3646: 3283: 3195: 3009: 2273: 1428: 1412: 1113: 1086:, a $ 5 billion lawsuit was filed in 2001 against a number of video game companies and 932: 703: 358: 4424: 3764: 2733:

has been emphasized in a number of Buddhist games as a reaction to perceptions of the

2484:

humor with enemies such as flying, bat-winged clown heads (modeled after the biblical

2424: 2376:

have developed within the greater gaming community in reaction to this growing niche.

17: 7947: 7676: 7517: 7458: 7309: 7250: 7041: 7000: 6943: 6779: 6517: 5847: 5551: 5033: 4850: 4373: 4031: 3812:

human violence (like fantasy violence, but with human rather than cartoon characters)

3579: 3249: 3242: 3180: 3117: 3021: 2948: 2884: 2743: 2725:, a number of stand-alone video games eschewing violence, such as the 2007 Thai game 2624: 2570: 2330: 2311: 1362: 1312: 1274: 1168: 988: 945: 815: 805: 721: 651: 5977: 5439:

Buddhist video game aims to teach morals – Outbreak of kindness expected in Thailand

5366: 4755: 4320: 4109: 997: 7913: 7875: 7717: 7567: 7485: 7150: 7112: 7073: 6973: 6953: 6935: 6458: 6077: 5443: 4439:

Federal appeals panel upholds dismissal of lawsuit against movie, video game makers

4350:. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, April 2000 Vol. 78, No. 4, 772–790. 3869: 3720: 3689: 3613: 3522: 3404: 3348: 3212: 3175: 3134: 2842: 2771: 2722: 2480:, for instance, have attempted to avoid claims of violence by using "off the wall" 2406: 1991: 1205: 1133: 672: 661:(1988) raised concerns about video game violence in the arcade. Home games such as 623: 478: 403: 393: 370: 187: 135: 5115: 2578: 2253: 6428: 5743: 4205:

Interacting with video: Volume 11 of Advances in applied developmental psychology

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series; however neither of these series has been explicitly labeled non-violent.

7824: 7798: 7621: 7594: 7572: 7375: 7324: 6968: 6903: 6771: 5862: 5666: 4934:

De Angeli, A.; Brahnam, S. (2006). "Sex stereotypes and conversational agents".

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Despite notoriety in the Western press for controversial violent games such as

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In 2006, Escapist magazine reported that a Hindu first-person shooter entitled

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Videogames caused 9/11: Disgusting trailer for Moral Kombat documentary is bad

5992: 4143: 3890: 3877: 3705: 3375: 3315: 3139: 2974: 2788: 2489: 2457: 2322: 2264: 2248: 1320: 1234: 1218: 1101: 1059: 579: 425: 202: 172: 153: 6392: 6208: 6174:

The #1 Selling Sequel, "Extreme PaintBrawl 4" Assaults Retail Stores' Shelves

5757: 5640: 2628: 7644: 7562: 7265: 7243: 6691: 6298: 5780: 5274:. Gamepraise.net (also available at Objectiveministries.org). 1 August 2006. 4827: 4681: 4393: 4389:

ACE, Christian Developers Conference Focuses On Responsible Game Development

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One rare example of an RPG that was designed as a non-violent video game is

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also are primarily non-violent in nature. Other electronic game genres like

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as comparatively non-violent games despite their lack of a Christian focus.

2488:) that shoot rays out of their nose, or alien Nazis (a mocking reference to 2481: 1388: 1278: 1245: 1137: 965:

together with the clear popularity of violent video game genres such as the

637:

Discussion of the impact of violence in video games came as early as 1976's

458: 5962: 5508:. Torah Educational Software – Jewish Software. Retrieved 22 November 2008. 5041: 5018:

Factors correlated with violent video game use by adolescent boys and girls

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Children, Adolescents, and Media Violence – A Critical Look at the Research

4101: 4065: 3989: 3572:, features a non-violent hero who spreads repentance by sharing holy fruit. 3120:

that lacks much of the violence traditionally associated with platformers.

7908: 7860: 7806: 7732: 7722: 7601: 7314: 6476: 6240: 6131: 5940: 5134: 4686: 4227:

Cooper, J.; Mackie, D. (1986). "Video games and aggression in children".

3994: 3919: 3740: 3733: 3391: 3359: 3126: 2862: 2582: 2373: 2369: 1816: 1121: 1025: 1013: 832: 801: 697: 583: 420: 209: 192: 4996:

VVG's – Violent Video Games – Are Your Students Tuned In To A VVG World?

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in general. In the early 1960, studies were conducted on the effects of

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The Psychological Effects of Media Violence on Children and Adolescents

6433: 6415: 6089: 4802: 4304: 4034:"Are there any benefits of playing video games" Retrieved 13 April 2014 3412: 3167: 3112: 2853:

misrepresented the game as "anti-muslim". The game was never released.

2734: 2506:(alleged to have been caused by the shooters' obsession with the game, 2410: 1452: 1440: 1225:

which barred ultra-violent video games and mandated the application of

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Editor-in-chief, Katharine Castle; Castle, Katharine (21 March 2024).

2549:, which is best known for its unlicensed Christian video games on the 5905: 4808: 4333:

Arriaga, P., Esteves, F., Caneiro, P., & Monteiro, M. B. (2008).

4296: 4057: 3208: 2730: 2606: 2598: 1464: 1376: 1369: 1257:. Both of these bills were passed by the assembly and signed by Gov. 1105: 6851: 6651: 3147:

processing benefits without the negatives associated with violence.

2685:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2460:, there have been few genres as unassailably violent as that of the 3215:

by defeating a host of shopping-mall-related machines gone haywire.

3107: 2417:

is overtly violent.) Similarly, James Dobson, PhD., founder of the

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Columbine lawsuit against makers of video games, movies thrown out

4464:

High court won't revive suit blaming Hollywood for school shooting

3187: 3106: 2986: 2985: 2783: 2718:(action) which will bear its fruit when the conditions are right. 2602: 2594: 2574: 2104: 1476: 1021: 969:

have led some game designers to publish non-violent alternatives.

5425:

A non-violent first person Hindu shooter using the Unreal engine?

5283: 2763:

While the earliest games to feature a Jewish main character (the

3873: 3515: 3313:

Often modeled upon violent FPS games, non-violent FPSes such as

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The application of the term "non-violent" to genres such as the

2439: 2307:

biological and mental-health factors." This conclusion supports

1962: 1145: 1047: 1029: 6855: 6843:

Derivative Rights, Moral Rights, And Movie Filtering Technology

6832:. Australian Commonwealth, State and Territory Ministers. 1999. 3716:

Some examples of relatively nonviolent strategy games include:

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Secular non-violent video game designers have emerged from the

3000:

aspects, though minesweeper takes its name from a facet of war.

2741:

has also influenced a number of nonviolent video games such as

2638:

There must be the knowledge that it is a sentient living being.

6397: 6362: 5863:

Steer Madness – Non-violent video game top pick for PETA award

5457: 5388: 4720:

Court rejects appeal in Alabama suit blaming game for slayings

4705: 3990:

When Two Tribes Go to War: A History of Video Game Controversy

3759: 3417: 2850: 2825: 2786:. One notable non-violent game that explores Jewish themes is 2738: 2650: 2402: 2021: 1197:

shooting incident. On 7 November 2005, Thompson withdrew from

1062:, refusing to review the case because it was not dismissed on 6809:

Mortal Kombat and children’s perceptions of aggressive intent

6045:"Dishonored's Party Level Rewrote The Rules of Stealth Games" 5520:

A rabbi as superhero – the wacky premise of a hit video game

4535:

Federal suit blames video-game makers for Columbine shooting

4522:

Interactive Digital Software Association v. St. Louis County

4025:

http://www.cmch.tv/mentors_teachers/video_games_benefits.asp

3799:, there are six categories into which games may be divided: 3756:

Non-violent sports games and non-violent vehicle simulations

3330:

or the removal of the red shroud from the death-sequence in

2861:

In January 2007, artist Chris Nelson produced a non-violent

1077:

Interactive Digital Software Association v. St. Louis County

7480: 5473:

Sharp Shooters – Return To Castle Wolfenstein: Tides Of War

4490:

Controversial Ruling Finds Video Games Not Protected Speech

3889:

An example of a notable non-violent sports game company is

3661:

allows players to resolve violence through peaceful means.

3627:

series – a simulation/RPG game. Additionally, such RPGs as

2930:

Non-violent video games as a genre are characterized as a

4276:

Polman, H.; de Castro, B. O.; van Aken, M. A. G. (2008).

4425:

A political odd couple's advice on finding common ground

2593:, architecture (which let you purify demonic areas) and 2267:

studies have suggested appeals more to female audiences.

6638:

Games: E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial and the Cosmic Garden

6578:

Serious game: resolving conflict with non-violent means

5993:

GameSetPlaying: What Games Are Grabbing Your Attention?

5781:

News: Crash Dummy vs. the evil D-Troit Website Launched

5614:

Subverting violent computer games with religious poetry

4914:

From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games

4585:

Violent video games are protected speech, companies say

3776: 2674: 1096:

by victims of the tragedy. Also named in the suit were

6593:"Dorfromantik devs tease new space game Project Mango" 3326:

to become the green shroud from the slime-sequence in

3037:

Other common traditionally non-violent genres include

794:, revealed that they had been fans of the video game, 3207:– A game lacking violence to sentient beings wherein 3056:

Examples of traditionally non-violent games include:

2869:

which he exhibited during the ACSW conference at the

2492:

religious beliefs) Other Christian FPS games such as

5744:

Game Developers Choice Awards, 2012 Game of the Year

5312:"Disney's Atlantis: The Lost Empire - Trial By Fire" 2774:, a number of non-violent Jewish games (such as the 1265:

In 2005, in reaction to such controversial games as

1090:, the makers of the purportedly violent video game, 7901: 7817: 7781: 7743: 7637: 7630: 7555: 7471: 7446: 7396: 7361: 7333: 7295: 7286: 7224: 7194: 7164: 7121: 7095: 7022: 6999: 6934: 6911: 6902: 5681:

Violent Computer games boost brain processing power

5627:

Portable Video Game, this couldn't get any more Tao

4938:. Real and Virtual Women in a Male World Workshop. 4759:. BBC News. 14 July 2005. Retrieved 29 August 2006. 4015:

article. 9 November 2005. Retrieved 8 October 2008.

3456:, created only for corporate training environments. 3004:Among traditionally non-violent games are included 2647:

There must be death, as the result of the said act.

2605:through completion of quests and cleansing the six 5901:Does Portal’s Success Presage Game Industry Shift? 5555:. Religious Education. Retrieved 23 November 2008. 5081:Kutner, Lawrence, PhD and Olson, Cheryl K., Sc.D. 5054:Kutner, Lawrence, PhD and Olson, Cheryl K., Sc.D. 4855:"Supreme Court rejects ban on violent video games" 4510:American Amusement Machine Association v. Kendrick 4203:Greenfield, Patricia Marks and Cocking, Rodney R. 3818:sports violence (fighting or destruction involved) 3803:general entertainment (no fighting or destruction) 3692:movement and include such anti-violence titles as 2770:' William "B.J." Blazkowicz) are characterized by 1072:American Amusement Machine Association v. Kendrick 5662:PrayStation: The 6 Most Misguided Christian Video 4797:Lieberman denounces 'Grand Theft Auto' video game 2623:According to Buddhist morality, the first of the 1148:. Violent video games mentioned by name included 616:, a noted media theorist, suggested in his book, 6652:Mudcraft A Non-Violent Real Time Strategy Game?! 2597:(rituals). Gameplay involved acquisition of the 2446:Although Christian games have been around since 608:Video game controversy § Crime and violence 6533:"Make Love, Not War: Five Years Of 'Undertale'" 6191:. DefenceGaming.org review. 26 September 2006. 5353:Buy incomplete game on eBay, finish it yourself 5225:"GameSpy: Left Behind: Eternal Forces - Page 1" 4963:Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Design 4487:Krug, Judith F. & Caldwell-Stone, Deborah. 2829:] can't get through the separation walls." 602:Video game violence and attendant controversies 6504:DS Fanboy Review: Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney 6033:. Feature Archive. V.17 No.21. 22–28 May 2008. 5167:Converting Video Games Into Instruments of God 4407:Viewizard announces the release of Memonix 1.4 4256:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 3815:nonviolent sports (no fighting or destruction) 3150:Examples of non-violent action games include: 2887:on the subject in February of the same month. 6867: 5604:. Pizza Sandwich. Retrieved 23 November 2008. 5413:. The Great Games Experiment. 19 August 2008. 4560:'Doom' distributors seek dismissal of lawsuit 4428:. Christian Science Monitor. 19 October 2004. 3795:According to the Funk and Buchman method for 2965:are for the most part naturally non-violent. 2837:Exceptionally rare, the few Sikh games (e.g. 550: 8: 5723:Game of the Year, 16th Annual D.I.C.E Awards 4422:Provenzo, Eugene F., Jr. and Jack Thompson. 4008:Violent Video Games Produce Violent Behavior 2464:(FPS). The majority of games that have been 1183:In 2005, Jack Thompson brought suit against 159:Specialized / alternative-paradigmatic types 4957: 4955: 4418: 4416: 4362:Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 7634: 7292: 6908: 6874: 6860: 6852: 5244:Teen's Hard Times Can Help Build Character 5160: 5158: 4907: 4905: 4167:. Media Violence and the Concept of Risk. 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3958:Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man 2909:has been considered a Taoist puzzle game. 2641:There must be an intention to cause death. 1353: 1300:Entertainment Software Association v. Foti 619:Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man 557: 543: 31: 6738:Twisted List: Top Nonviolent Sports Games 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5188:"IGN: Left Behind: Eternal Forces Review" 4973: 4971: 4943: 4271: 4269: 4222: 4220: 4046:Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 3806:educational (learning or problem solving) 2701:Learn how and when to remove this message 2512:), Rev. Ralph Bagley began production on 1223:California Assembly Bills 1792 & 1793 6559:Video Game Teaches Non-Violent Solutions 6219:. Nordic Serious Games. 3 December 2003. 6100: 6098: 5109: 5107: 5105: 3704:, a nonviolence-themed game designed by 3557: 3473:Greg Hastings Tournament Paintball MAX'D 2959:Emergent and more recent gameplay genres 2423: 2252: 1193:in representation of the victims of the 996: 937: 935:to explore violent behavioral modeling. 919:shares approximate contemporaneity with 6715:. Sage Publications. pp. 122–123. 6160:Elebits: Nintendo Wii Video Game Review 5930:. ThinkArtificial.org. 10 October 2007. 5149:The Purpose Driven Life Takers (Part 1) 4989: 4987: 4701:Jack Thompson's Alabama License Revoked 4524:, 200 F. Supp. 2d 1126 (E.D. Mo. 2002). 3930: 3354:Examples of non-violent FPSes include: 3253:– a vegetarian-themed game endorsed by 1229:ratings for video games. Yee, a former 1054:upheld the dismissal, and in 2003, the 48: 6619: 6609: 4979:The Effects of Video Games on Children 4961:Rollings, Andrew & Adams, Ernest. 4911:Cassell, J. & Jenkins, H. (Eds.). 4823:"Senate Proposes New ESRB Legislation" 4607: 4605: 3420:-based first-person hide-and-seek game 3018:construction and management simulation 2737:state of modern games. The concept of 1178:Video Software Dealers Ass'n v. Maleng 27:Video games with little or no violence 5377:Gaygamer.com review. 15 October 2006. 5119:. BBC News – Washington. 24 May 2005. 3526:– A first-person target-shooting game 7: 6822:Computer Games and Australians Today 6472:Non Sci-Fi or Military FPS/TPS Ideas 5802:. StrategyInformer. 11 October 2006. 5770:Subrahmanyam & Greenfield. 1994. 5594:Baha’i video games: but do they pwn? 5566:"BBC charged with misrepresentation" 4337:Aggressive Behavior, 34(5), 521–538. 4229:Journal of Applied Social Psychology 4207:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1996. 1315:(R-KS) introduced the United States 1297:In June 2006, the Louisiana case of 6748:. G4TV TechTV Vault. 16 April 2002. 6713:Children, Adolescents and the Media 6665:Anderson, John J. (December 1983). 6230:Greg Hastings' Tournament Paintball 4670:. Tuscaloosa News. 8 November 2005. 4346:Anderson, Craig & Dill, Karen. 2644:An act must be done to cause death. 2390:There has been a rapid increase in 1283:Family Entertainment Protection Act 1217:In 2005, California State Senator, 6518:Recommended Nonviolent Video Games 6299:Nintendo to pioneer new game genre 5190:. 17 November 2006. Archived from 5137:forum. Retrieved 22 November 2008. 5116:Christians purge video game demons 4723:. Associated Press. 29 March 2006. 4241:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01755.x 3997:feature. Retrieved 8 October 2008. 3611:Secular examples include Capcom's 3461:Greg Hastings Tournament Paintball 3269:(FPS), that many players consider 3159:– Multi-awarded Game of the Year, 2996:contain traditionally non-violent 2899:'s non-violent puzzle video game, 681:video game, and then in 1993 with 519:List of video game industry people 25: 6669:. Creative Computing. p. 114 6302:. Gameblitz.com. 8 November 2000. 5813:Crash Dummy vs. the evil D-Troit 5389:Allen Varney Writer Game Designer 5205:Kuchera, Ben (14 December 2006). 4981:. Continuum Int'l Pub. Grp. 1998. 4924:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1998. 4871:Dr. David Walsh (21 March 2000). 4667:Attorney in Fayette case bows out 4655:. Legal Television Network. 2008. 3261:Non-violent first person shooters 917:history of video game development 626:in December 1982. The same year, 7086: 6490:Capcom's Ace Attorney Video Game 5816:. StrategyInformer review. 2008. 5799:Crash Dummy vs. the evil D-Troit 5758:The Top 100 Indie Games – Part 4 5034:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.01.001 4877:. (PDF). Retrieved 13 July 2008. 4756:Clinton wades into GTA sex storm 3961:. Signet. 1964. Re-issued 1994. 3763: 3440: – A non-lethal 2926:Types of non-violent video games 2655: 1475: 1463: 1451: 1439: 1427: 1411: 1399: 1387: 1375: 1368: 1361: 1337:Video game content rating system 758:Carmageddon II: Carpocalypse Now 312:Intellectual property protection 35: 6064:At Last A "Doom" Game For Kids! 4936:Proc. of Gender and Interaction 4853:; Snider, Mike (28 June 2011). 4639:Wash. bans 'violent' game sales 4132:Aggression and Violent Behavior 3830:sports games, so too are there 3608:based on economic development. 3228:Crash Dummy Vs The Evil D-Troit 2982:Traditionally non-violent games 2438:, the player takes the role of 2374:"Religion and Philosophy" forum 1038:1997 Heath High School shooting 6711:and Barbara J. Wilson (2002). 6692:New: Outpost Kaloki Ships/Demo 5695:Gamespot Game of the Year 2012 5616:. ABC Radio. 26 February 2007. 5152:. Talk to Action. 29 May 2006. 4512:, 244 F.3d 572 (7th Cir. 2001) 4123:Ferguson, Christopher (2012). 3630:Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar 3554:Non-violent role-playing games 3452:– A military game made by the 3298:, as in certain games such as 2504:Columbine High School massacre 1317:Truth in Video Game Rating Act 1311:On 27 September 2006, Senator 1084:Columbine High School massacre 1052:Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals 788:Columbine High School massacre 582:characterized by little or no 1: 6531:Diaz, Ana (17 October 2020). 6177:. Business Wire. 14 May 2002. 5630:. The Tao Bums. 25 July 2008. 5541:. Retrieved 23 November 2008. 5461:. Retrieved 22 November 2008. 5301:. New York Times. 1 May 2005. 5207:"Left Behind: Eternal Forces" 4782:Parents Action for Children. 4773:. Retrieved 18 December 2005. 4682:Alabama judge tosses Thompson 3713:with violent strategy games. 2841:) in existence are primarily 2551:Nintendo Entertainment System 1267:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 1240:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 784:Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold 514:List of video game publishers 502:List of video game developers 6043:Burford, GB (30 July 2014). 5022:Journal of Adolescent Health 4786:. Retrieved 10 October 2006. 4374:10.1016/0193-3973(87)90033-5 3904:A Modest Video Game Proposal 3751:– a strategy/simulation game 3549:first-person game from Japan 1357:Violence Level/Rating System 1036:on behalf of the victims of 529:List of video game magazines 6772:10.1177/0907568298005002005 6581:. The Guardian. 8 May 2006. 6163:. Kidzworld.com, Inc. 2008. 3883:NBA Jam: Tournament Edition 3677:Left Behind: Eternal Forces 2967:Purposive video game genres 2681:the claims made and adding 2415:Left Behind: Eternal Forces 2398:Left Behind: Eternal Forces 1185:Sony Computer Entertainment 1126:Sony Computer Entertainment 1034:Sony Computer Entertainment 524:List of video game websites 7985: 7084: 6655:. PlayThisThing.com. 2008. 6116:DarkGreen HQ review. 2006. 5941:Welcome to “The Fox” Films 5851:. PlayThisThing.com. 2008. 4410:. GameZone. 28 April 2005. 3665:Non-violent strategy games 3502:– non-violent arena-style 3454:Swedish Defence University 3131:media violence researchers 2780:Torah Educational Software 2585:, breathing (meditation), 2383: 2348: 2246: 1334: 1016:and (now former) attorney 908: 605: 568: 448:Advertising in video games 6894:List of video game genres 6889: 6461:review. 6 September 2006. 5709:IGN Game of the Year 2012 5684:. The Times. 29 May 2003. 5372:19 September 2009 at the 5298:PlayStations of the Cross 4740:24 September 2015 at the 4642:. CNN/Money. 21 May 2003. 4144:10.1016/j.avb.2012.02.007 3655:The fan-funded indie RPG 3425:Gotcha! Extreme Paintball 3053:, and traditional games. 2573:, the player employs the 2257:Games such as Nintendo's 2223: 2217: 1944: 1938: 1583: 1350:Table of violence ratings 1327:(H.R.6120) to the House. 804:for it today dubbed "the 317:Digital rights management 7186:Digital collectible card 6743:8 September 2005 at the 6348:VGPro.com summary. 2008. 6316:VGPro.com summary. 2008. 6146:Elebits – Is It For You? 5998:18 December 2008 at the 5874:21 November 2008 at the 5599:21 November 2008 at the 5503:16 December 2008 at the 5336:6 September 2008 at the 3103:Non-violent action games 3026:vehicle simulation games 2917:Non-profit organization 2635:The being must be alive. 2366:fundamentalist Christian 2351:Religion and video games 1082:In the aftermath of the 973:Lawsuits and legislation 955:General Aggression Model 675:'s release of the first 7271:Roguelike deck-building 7179:Roguelike deck-building 6827:25 January 2016 at the 6214:20 October 2008 at the 6106:Chex Quest 1, 2 & 3 6083:4 December 2008 at the 5948:21 October 2008 at the 5925:2 November 2009 at the 5832:5 December 2008 at the 5646:16 October 2010 at the 5641:Heartseed's About Page 5478:4 December 2008 at the 5408:20 October 2008 at the 5130:Religion and Philosophy 5002:29 October 2008 at the 4919:25 January 2009 at the 4892:. MIT Media Lab. 1998. 4618:20 October 2008 at the 4590:20 October 2008 at the 4565:20 October 2008 at the 4540:20 October 2008 at the 4495:1 December 2008 at the 4469:20 October 2008 at the 4444:20 October 2008 at the 4188:Meyers, Kelly Stephen. 4094:10.1111/1467-9280.00366 3824:vehicle simulation game 3797:classifying video games 1118:Interplay Entertainment 931:framework developed by 921:media violence research 800:, and had even created 776:Requiem: Avenging Angel 624:MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour 44:Part of a series on the 6030:Emerge Remerge Demerge 5917:Thorisson, Hrafn, Th. 5827:Treasure Quest v.1.1.0 4896:7 October 2007 at the 3573: 3238:– a puzzle/action game 3220:Barney's Hide and Seek 3121: 3001: 2913:Religion neutral games 2895:Video game publisher, 2871:University of Ballarat 2569:, a game based on the 2443: 2362:Christian conservative 2295:Dance Dance Revolution 2268: 1325:Video Game Decency Act 1011:Christian conservative 1006: 949: 929:social learning theory 786:, the shooters in the 576:Nonviolent video games 18:Non-violent video game 7959:Video game censorship 7513:Tactical role-playing 7278:Tactical role-playing 6709:Victor C. Strasburger 6564:National Public Radio 5920:Puzzling with Portals 5837:. SoftPile.com. 2007. 5728:22 April 2013 at the 5177:LA Times. 10 May 2006 5164:Chmielewski, Dawn C. 4153:on 27 September 2013. 4082:Psychological Science 3910:Christian video games 3701:A Force More Powerful 3561: 3110: 3014:life simulation games 2989: 2856: 2565:was in the works. In 2427: 2392:Christian video games 2360:is a self proclaimed 2345:Religious perspective 2327:life simulation games 2304:Grand Theft Childhood 2283:Grand Theft Childhood 2256: 1262:be unconstitutional. 1259:Arnold Schwarzenegger 1098:Acclaim Entertainment 1020:brought suit against 1000: 941: 825:Modus tollendo ponens 779:(1999) among others. 7893:Vertically scrolling 6641:. Answers.com. 2008. 6597:Rock, Paper, Shotgun 6452:3 March 2011 at the 6255:Weekly Report, 10/17 6111:23 July 2011 at the 5403:My Escapist Articles 5194:on 17 November 2006. 5089:Simon & Schuster 5062:Simon & Schuster 4745:. Houston Law Review 3601:A Tale in the Desert 3536:Christian video game 3267:first-person shooter 2953:first-person shooter 2772:militant anti-Nazism 2591:Gandharva Veda music 2462:first-person shooter 2430:Christian video game 2413:have disagreed that 2386:Christian video game 2339:first-person shooter 1680:Historical violence 1273:along with Senators 1255:Global Gaming League 967:first-person shooter 925:violence in cartoons 829:disjunctive argument 764:Blood II: The Chosen 655:(1987) and Midway's 592:Christian video game 381:Downloadable content 7523:Turn-based strategy 7428:Submarine simulator 7234:Action role-playing 7141:Interactive fiction 6507:. 28 February 2008. 6270:Weekly Report, 8/24 6267:Cunningham, James. 6252:Cunningham, James. 6235:28 May 2011 at the 6195:5 June 2008 at the 6127:Gamers with Elebits 5870:. 27 January 2005. 5698:. 25 December 2012. 5350:Kietzmann, Ludwig. 5272:Marty Bee Interview 5249:17 May 2009 at the 5241:Dobson, James. Dr. 5172:7 July 2012 at the 4993:Nash, Nora M. OSF. 4689:. 18 November 2005. 4679:Sinclair, Brendan. 4574:. 3 September 2001. 4285:Aggressive Behavior 3955:McLuhan, Marshall. 3944:ABC News/Technology 3727:E.T.: Cosmic Garden 3636:Planescape: Torment 3531:Super 3D Noah's Ark 2721:Although primarily 2435:Super 3D Noah's Ark 2419:Focus on the Family 1732:Fictional violence 1706:Realistic violence 1493:Exceeding violence 1331:Degrees of violence 1235:publicly criticized 1043:James v. Meow Media 792:Columbine, Colorado 364:Episodic video game 50:Video game industry 7924:Video game modding 7866:Nonlinear gameplay 7528:Turn-based tactics 7496:Real-time strategy 6622:has generic name ( 6429:NRA Gun Club (PS2) 6288:. 1 December 2007. 6273:. 24 October 2005. 6258:. 17 October 2005. 6018:. 10 October 2007. 6012:Bergfeld, Carlos. 5981:. 15 October 2007. 5966:. 25 October 2007. 5960:Fletcher, Andrew. 5908:. 31 January 2008. 5898:Au, Wagner James. 5761:. 2 February 2008. 5525:The Jerusalem Post 5428:. 18 October 2007. 5356:. 19 October 2006. 5341:. 10 October 2006. 5254:. 10 October 2004. 5146:Hutson, Jonathan. 4840:27 September 2006. 4812:. 25 January 2004. 4708:. 21 November 2005 4163:Kirsh, Stephen J. 3987:Gonzalez, Lauren. 3775:. You can help by 3710:Slobodan Milošević 3574: 3437:Extreme Paintbrawl 3336:for the deaths in 3122: 3002: 2945:role-playing games 2666:possibly contains 2444: 2335:puzzle video games 2269: 2243:Gender perspective 1850:Moderate violence 1249:, and opposes the 1231:child psychologist 1200:Strickland v. Sony 1144:, Meow Media, and 1056:U.S. Supreme Court 1050:law. In 2002, the 1007: 950: 911:Video game effects 811:In December 2001, 770:Grand Theft Auto 2 389:Games as a service 7964:Video game genres 7941: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7929:Video game remake 7837:Emergent gameplay 7508:Real-time tactics 7467: 7466: 7406:Flight simulation 7136:Graphic adventure 7082: 7081: 6883:Video game genres 6735:Sargent, Martin. 6575:Krotoski, Aleks. 6501:Savino, Candace. 6149:24 December 2006. 5868:The Vancouver Sun 5733:.7 February 2013. 5678:Henderson, Mark. 5538:Road Block Buster 5527:. 4 January 2007. 5498:Educational Games 5485:The Village Voice 5437:Sherriff, Lucy. " 5270:Linder, Matthew. 5091:. 15 April 2008. 5064:. 15 April 2008. 4732:Byrd, Patrick R. 4169:SAGE Publications 4030:14 April 2014 at 3946:. 17 August 2005. 3839:flight simulators 3793: 3792: 3595:Spiritual Warfare 3569:Spiritual Warfare 3062:Sudoku Gridmaster 3047:programming games 3043:music video games 2971:educational games 2963:music video games 2881:The Seven Valleys 2876:Unreal Tournament 2867:The Seven Valleys 2820:Road Block Buster 2816:Road Block Buster 2794:insult swordfight 2711: 2710: 2703: 2668:original research 2583:Ayurvedic healing 2240: 2239: 1904:Minimal violence 1628:Intense violence 1281:, introduced the 1142:Atari Corporation 1110:Eidos Interactive 849:Sudoku Gridmaster 567: 566: 409:Microtransactions 178:Interactive movie 16:(Redirected from 7976: 7919:Video game clone 7635: 7631:Related concepts 7438:Vehicular combat 7293: 7166:Digital tabletop 7146:Interactive film 7106:Grand Theft Auto 7097:Action-adventure 7090: 7047:Platform fighter 6926:Platform fighter 6909: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6853: 6847: 6839: 6833: 6818: 6812: 6805: 6799: 6792:Cantor, Joanne. 6790: 6784: 6783: 6755: 6749: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6705: 6699: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6674: 6662: 6656: 6648: 6642: 6634: 6628: 6627: 6621: 6617: 6615: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6588: 6582: 6573: 6567: 6566:. 14 April 2006. 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6528: 6522: 6514: 6508: 6499: 6493: 6492:. 24 March 2008. 6486: 6480: 6468: 6462: 6443: 6437: 6425: 6419: 6407: 6401: 6389: 6383: 6372: 6366: 6355: 6349: 6345:Laser Arena Demo 6341: 6335: 6323: 6317: 6313:Browse All Demos 6309: 6303: 6295: 6289: 6280: 6274: 6265: 6259: 6250: 6244: 6226: 6220: 6205: 6199: 6184: 6178: 6170: 6164: 6156: 6150: 6141: 6135: 6123: 6117: 6102: 6093: 6074: 6068: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6040: 6034: 6025: 6019: 6010: 6004: 6003:28 October 2007. 5990:Carless, Simon. 5988: 5982: 5973: 5967: 5958: 5952: 5944:. 19 June 2008. 5937: 5931: 5915: 5909: 5896: 5890: 5889:. Encarta. 2007. 5884: 5878: 5858: 5852: 5844: 5838: 5823: 5817: 5809: 5803: 5795: 5789: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5762: 5754: 5748: 5747:. 27 March 2013. 5740: 5734: 5719: 5713: 5705: 5699: 5691: 5685: 5676: 5670: 5657: 5651: 5637: 5631: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5562: 5556: 5548: 5542: 5534: 5528: 5515: 5509: 5494: 5488: 5468: 5462: 5454: 5448: 5447:. 13 March 2007. 5435: 5429: 5420: 5414: 5398: 5392: 5384: 5378: 5367:My Hindu Shooter 5363: 5357: 5348: 5342: 5331:My Hindu Shooter 5326: 5320: 5319: 5308: 5302: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5275: 5268: 5255: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5184: 5178: 5162: 5153: 5144: 5138: 5126: 5120: 5113:Davis, Matthew. 5111: 5100: 5079: 5073: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5013: 5007: 4991: 4982: 4977:Gunter, Barrie. 4975: 4966: 4959: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4931: 4925: 4909: 4900: 4884: 4878: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4819: 4813: 4793: 4787: 4780: 4774: 4766: 4760: 4752: 4746: 4730: 4724: 4715: 4709: 4696: 4690: 4677: 4671: 4664:DeWitt, Robert. 4662: 4656: 4649: 4643: 4634: 4628: 4625:Associated Press 4609: 4600: 4597:Associated Press 4581: 4575: 4572:Associated Press 4556: 4550: 4549:. 24 April 2001. 4547:Associated Press 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4485: 4479: 4476:Associated Press 4460: 4454: 4451:Associated Press 4435: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4403: 4397: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4357: 4351: 4344: 4338: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4297:10.1002/ab.20245 4282: 4273: 4264: 4263: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4224: 4215: 4201: 4195: 4186: 4180: 4171:. 2006. p. 276. 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4146:. Archived from 4129: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4058:10.1037/h0045672 4041: 4035: 4022: 4016: 4004: 3998: 3985: 3970: 3953: 3947: 3935: 3788: 3785: 3767: 3760: 3748:Outpost Kaloki X 3681:former attorney 3624:Story of Seasons 3534:– A non-violent 3511:Nerf Arena Blast 3488:– a non-violent 2932:genre by purpose 2847:Sarbloh Warriors 2749:The Game Factory 2706: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2683:inline citations 2659: 2658: 2651: 2567:My Hindu Shooter 2563:My Hindu Shooter 2323:female audiences 2300:simulation games 2236:Family Friendly 2078:Realistic Blood 1957:Family Friendly 1788:Cartoon violence 1759:Fantasy violence 1654:Strong violence 1546:Extreme violence 1519:Brutal violence 1480: 1479: 1468: 1467: 1456: 1455: 1444: 1443: 1432: 1431: 1416: 1415: 1404: 1403: 1392: 1391: 1380: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1366: 1365: 1354: 1292:Grand Theft Auto 1190:Grand Theft Auto 1001:Former attorney 734:Grand Theft Auto 710:Mortal Kombat II 649:(1986), Namco's 614:Marshall McLuhan 559: 552: 545: 414:In-game currency 39: 32: 21: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7969:Self-censorship 7944: 7943: 7942: 7933: 7897: 7888:Twitch gameplay 7813: 7777: 7739: 7626: 7578:Survival horror 7551: 7501:Time management 7463: 7442: 7433:Train simulator 7392: 7357: 7329: 7282: 7220: 7190: 7160: 7117: 7091: 7078: 7018: 7014:Survival horror 6995: 6930: 6898: 6885: 6880: 6850: 6840: 6836: 6829:Wayback Machine 6819: 6815: 6806: 6802: 6791: 6787: 6757: 6756: 6752: 6745:Wayback Machine 6734: 6730: 6723: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6689: 6685: 6672: 6670: 6664: 6663: 6659: 6649: 6645: 6635: 6631: 6618: 6608: 6601: 6599: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6574: 6570: 6555: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6515: 6511: 6500: 6496: 6488:Landis, Shawn. 6487: 6483: 6469: 6465: 6454:Wayback Machine 6444: 6440: 6426: 6422: 6408: 6404: 6390: 6386: 6376:Nerf ArenaBlast 6373: 6369: 6356: 6352: 6342: 6338: 6324: 6320: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6292: 6282:Sterling, Jim. 6281: 6277: 6266: 6262: 6251: 6247: 6237:Wayback Machine 6227: 6223: 6216:Wayback Machine 6206: 6202: 6197:Wayback Machine 6185: 6181: 6171: 6167: 6157: 6153: 6142: 6138: 6124: 6120: 6113:Wayback Machine 6103: 6096: 6085:Wayback Machine 6078:Narbacular Drop 6075: 6071: 6060: 6056: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6026: 6022: 6011: 6007: 6000:Wayback Machine 5989: 5985: 5974: 5970: 5963:Portal – Review 5959: 5955: 5950:Wayback Machine 5938: 5934: 5927:Wayback Machine 5916: 5912: 5897: 5893: 5885: 5881: 5876:Wayback Machine 5860:Morton, Brian. 5859: 5855: 5845: 5841: 5834:Wayback Machine 5824: 5820: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5792: 5778: 5774: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5751: 5741: 5737: 5730:Wayback Machine 5720: 5716: 5706: 5702: 5692: 5688: 5677: 5673: 5658: 5654: 5648:Wayback Machine 5638: 5634: 5624: 5620: 5612: 5608: 5601:Wayback Machine 5591: 5587: 5577: 5575: 5571:Hindustan Times 5564: 5563: 5559: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5531: 5517:Lando, Michal. 5516: 5512: 5505:Wayback Machine 5495: 5491: 5480:Wayback Machine 5470:Catucci, Nick. 5469: 5465: 5455: 5451: 5436: 5432: 5421: 5417: 5410:Wayback Machine 5399: 5395: 5386:Varney, Allen. 5385: 5381: 5374:Wayback Machine 5364: 5360: 5349: 5345: 5338:Wayback Machine 5328:Varney, Allen. 5327: 5323: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5295:Dee, Jonathan. 5294: 5290: 5282: 5278: 5269: 5258: 5251:Wayback Machine 5240: 5236: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5174:Wayback Machine 5163: 5156: 5145: 5141: 5127: 5123: 5112: 5103: 5080: 5076: 5053: 5049: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5004:Wayback Machine 4992: 4985: 4976: 4969: 4960: 4953: 4945:10.1.1.103.4574 4933: 4932: 4928: 4921:Wayback Machine 4910: 4903: 4898:Wayback Machine 4889:Genderizing HCI 4885: 4881: 4870: 4866: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4833: 4831: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4794: 4790: 4781: 4777: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4749: 4742:Wayback Machine 4731: 4727: 4716: 4712: 4697: 4693: 4678: 4674: 4663: 4659: 4651:Kramer, Irwin. 4650: 4646: 4636:Morris, Chris. 4635: 4631: 4627:. 5 March 2002. 4620:Wayback Machine 4610: 4603: 4599:. 19 July 2001. 4592:Wayback Machine 4582: 4578: 4567:Wayback Machine 4557: 4553: 4542:Wayback Machine 4532: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4508: 4504: 4497:Wayback Machine 4486: 4482: 4471:Wayback Machine 4461: 4457: 4446:Wayback Machine 4436: 4432: 4421: 4414: 4404: 4400: 4386:Dobson, Jason. 4385: 4381: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4345: 4341: 4332: 4328: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4267: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4202: 4198: 4187: 4183: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4127: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4023: 4019: 4005: 4001: 3986: 3973: 3954: 3950: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3899: 3868:Such sports as 3789: 3783: 3780: 3773:needs expansion 3758: 3667: 3556: 3547:survival horror 3542:Nanashi no Game 3514:– A non-lethal 3485:Ken's Labyrinth 3476:– A non-lethal 3464:– A non-lethal 3428:– A non-lethal 3368:Narbacular Drop 3301:Narbacular Drop 3263: 3105: 3010:adventure games 2984: 2928: 2915: 2893: 2873:. Based on the 2859: 2835: 2802: 2761: 2707: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2672: 2660: 2656: 2621: 2559: 2543:family-friendly 2535:Narbacular Drop 2448:Sparrow Records 2388: 2382: 2380:Christian games 2353: 2347: 2314:'s 2001 study ( 2309:Surgeon General 2251: 2245: 2160:Moderate blood 2133:Animated blood 1602:Gross violence 1576:Sexual violence 1474: 1462: 1450: 1438: 1426: 1410: 1398: 1386: 1374: 1367: 1360: 1344:forbidden fruit 1339: 1333: 1323:introduced the 1271:Hillary Clinton 1163:Redneck Rampage 1138:Apogee Software 975: 943:Surgeon General 913: 907: 898: 813:Surgeon General 752:Mortal Kombat 3 632:C. Everett Koop 628:Surgeon General 610: 604: 573: 563: 534: 533: 497: 489: 488: 484:Game journalism 474: 466: 465: 450: 444: 400: 385: 344: 330: 329: 328: 322:Copy protection 298: 278: 247: 237: 236: 216: 149: 141: 140: 93: 73: 61: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7982: 7980: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7946: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7905: 7903: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7883:Side-scrolling 7880: 7879: 7878: 7873: 7863: 7858: 7851: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7804: 7791: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7775: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7747: 7745: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7730: 7728:Climate change 7725: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7699: 7698: 7686: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7647: 7641: 7639: 7632: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7598: 7597: 7587: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7545:Grand strategy 7537: 7536: 7535: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7477: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7450: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7402: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7383: 7373: 7367: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7339: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7301: 7299: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7274: 7273: 7263: 7261:Monster-taming 7258: 7253: 7248: 7247: 7246: 7241: 7239:Looter shooter 7230: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7206: 7200: 7198: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7188: 7183: 7182: 7181: 7170: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7101: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7065: 7064: 7051: 7050: 7049: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7035:Hack and slash 7026: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6940: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6921:Endless runner 6917: 6915: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6871: 6864: 6856: 6849: 6848: 6834: 6813: 6800: 6785: 6766:(2): 177–184. 6750: 6728: 6721: 6700: 6683: 6657: 6643: 6629: 6583: 6568: 6549: 6523: 6509: 6494: 6481: 6479:. 25 May 2007. 6463: 6438: 6420: 6411:Gun Club (PS2) 6402: 6384: 6367: 6350: 6336: 6318: 6304: 6290: 6275: 6260: 6245: 6221: 6209:Foreign Ground 6200: 6188:Foreign Ground 6179: 6165: 6151: 6136: 6118: 6094: 6069: 6061:Davis, Susan. 6054: 6035: 6027:Silfer, Kyle. 6020: 6005: 5983: 5968: 5953: 5932: 5910: 5891: 5879: 5853: 5839: 5818: 5804: 5790: 5772: 5763: 5749: 5735: 5714: 5700: 5686: 5671: 5669:. August 2008. 5652: 5632: 5618: 5606: 5585: 5574:. 17 June 2006 5557: 5543: 5529: 5510: 5489: 5487:. 3 June 2003. 5463: 5449: 5430: 5422:Kelly, Kevin. 5415: 5400:Varney, Allen 5393: 5379: 5358: 5343: 5321: 5303: 5288: 5276: 5256: 5234: 5229:pc.gamespy.com 5216: 5197: 5179: 5154: 5139: 5121: 5101: 5074: 5047: 5008: 4983: 4967: 4951: 4926: 4901: 4879: 4864: 4851:Biskupic, Joan 4842: 4814: 4788: 4775: 4761: 4747: 4725: 4710: 4691: 4672: 4657: 4644: 4629: 4601: 4576: 4551: 4526: 4514: 4502: 4480: 4455: 4430: 4412: 4398: 4379: 4368:(4): 453–462. 4352: 4339: 4326: 4291:(3): 256–264. 4265: 4246: 4235:(8): 726–744. 4216: 4196: 4181: 4156: 4138:(3): 220–228. 4115: 4088:(5): 353–359. 4071: 4052:(2): 461–464. 4036: 4017: 3999: 3971: 3948: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3898: 3895: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3791: 3790: 3770: 3768: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3744: 3737: 3730: 3723: 3666: 3663: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3545:– non-violent 3538: 3527: 3519: 3507: 3495: 3481: 3469: 3457: 3449:Foreign Ground 3445: 3433: 3421: 3409: 3401: 3388: 3380: 3372: 3364: 3275:definitionally 3262: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3246: 3239: 3235:Treasure Quest 3231: 3224: 3216: 3200: 3196:Marble Madness 3192: 3184: 3172: 3164: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3091: 3082: 3074: 3070:Roller Coaster 3066: 2983: 2980: 2949:strategy games 2927: 2924: 2914: 2911: 2892: 2889: 2858: 2855: 2834: 2831: 2801: 2798: 2760: 2757: 2709: 2708: 2663: 2661: 2654: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2620: 2619:Buddhist games 2617: 2558: 2555: 2384:Main article: 2381: 2378: 2346: 2343: 2331:strategy games 2274:gender studies 2244: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2186:Minimal blood 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050:Blood and Gore 2046: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1876:Mild violence 1873: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 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531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 510: 509: 498: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 481: 475: 472: 471: 468: 467: 464: 463: 462: 461: 456: 443: 442: 441: 440: 430: 429: 428: 418: 417: 416: 406: 399: 398: 397: 396: 384: 383: 378: 373: 368: 367: 366: 361: 359:Expansion pack 356: 345: 336: 335: 332: 331: 327: 326: 325: 324: 319: 309: 304: 297: 296: 295: 294: 292:Content rating 284: 277: 276: 275: 274: 269: 264: 259: 248: 243: 242: 239: 238: 235: 234: 233: 232: 222: 220:Arcade cabinet 215: 214: 213: 212: 207: 206: 205: 200: 195: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 150: 147: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 133: 128: 123: 122: 121: 116: 106: 105: 104: 92: 91: 90: 89: 84: 79: 68: 62: 57: 56: 53: 52: 46: 45: 41: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7981: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7900: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7845: 7843: 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7009:Battle royale 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6872: 6870: 6865: 6863: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6845: 6844: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6823: 6817: 6814: 6810: 6807:Kirsh. S. J. 6804: 6801: 6797: 6796: 6789: 6786: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6754: 6751: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6732: 6729: 6724: 6722:0-7619-2125-7 6718: 6714: 6710: 6704: 6701: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6668: 6661: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6647: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6625: 6613: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6572: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6560: 6553: 6550: 6538: 6534: 6527: 6524: 6521:. NoWar list. 6520: 6519: 6513: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6498: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6473: 6467: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6447:NRA Gun Club 6442: 6439: 6436:review. 2008. 6435: 6431: 6430: 6424: 6421: 6418:review. 2008. 6417: 6413: 6412: 6406: 6403: 6400:review. 2008. 6399: 6395: 6394: 6388: 6385: 6382:review. 2004. 6381: 6378: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6365:review. 2008. 6364: 6361: 6360: 6354: 6351: 6347: 6346: 6340: 6337: 6334:Review. 2008. 6333: 6329: 6328: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6286: 6279: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6264: 6261: 6257: 6256: 6249: 6246: 6243:review. 2008. 6242: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6231: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6183: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6143:Schommer, D. 6140: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6128: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6092:review. 2008. 6091: 6087: 6086: 6082: 6079: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6058: 6055: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6024: 6021: 6017: 6016: 6015:Portal Review 6009: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5997: 5994: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5978:Portal Review 5975:Pierce, Kit. 5972: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5942: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5914: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5800: 5794: 5791: 5788:review. 2008. 5787: 5783: 5782: 5776: 5773: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5759: 5753: 5750: 5746: 5745: 5739: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5704: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5659:Brown, Seth. 5656: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5595: 5589: 5586: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5514: 5511: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5493: 5490: 5486: 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4868: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4843: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4818: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4717:Reeves, Jay. 4714: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4698:Steel, Wade. 4695: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4653:Case-in-Point 4648: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4586: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4484: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4440: 4434: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4396:. 3 May 2006. 4395: 4391: 4390: 4383: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4279: 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Madness 3247: 3245: 3244: 3243:Knytt Stories 3240: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3181:Sunday school 3178: 3177: 3176:Sunday Funday 3173: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3022:visual novels 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2994: 2988: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2843:browser-based 2840: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2827: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2767: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2744:Zen of Sudoku 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2723:browser games 2719: 2717: 2705: 2702: 2694: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2664:This section 2662: 2653: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2625:Five Precepts 2618: 2616: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2577:abilities of 2576: 2572: 2571:Unreal Engine 2568: 2564: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2453:Music Machine 2449: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2358:Jack Thompson 2352: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2284: 2277: 2275: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2255: 2250: 2242: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2227:Alle/6/12/16 2226: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 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1206:pro hac vice 1204: 1198: 1188: 1182: 1177: 1174: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1149: 1134:Midway Games 1091: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1041: 1008: 976: 963: 959: 951: 914: 899: 886: 875: 866: 860: 847: 841: 823: 820: 810: 795: 781: 774: 773:(1999), and 768: 762: 756: 750: 744: 738: 732: 726: 720: 714: 708: 702: 696: 686: 676: 666: 656: 650: 644: 638: 636: 617: 611: 596: 587: 575: 574: 479:Game studies 404:Free-to-play 394:Cloud gaming 376:Crowdfunding 371:Early access 342:monetization 338:Distribution 282:Localization 182: 158: 102:Level design 29: 7954:Nonviolence 7830:Hypercasual 7751:Multiplayer 7667:Educational 7617:Programming 7612:Photography 7585:Incremental 7381:Kart racing 7325:Virtual pet 7156:Walking sim 7131:Escape room 7030:Beat 'em up 6969:Bullet hell 6696:Gamers Hell 6620:|last= 6359:Laser Arena 6332:Gamers Hell 6327:Laser Arena 5848:Non-Violent 5786:Gamers Hell 5667:Cracked.com 4305:1874/385878 3915:Nonviolence 3617:series and 3499:Laser Arena 3491:Wolfenstein 3333:Half-Life 2 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2515:Catechumen 2458:Atari 2600 2349:See also: 2265:Gender HCI 2249:Gender HCI 2247:See also: 2020:Glorified 1990:Glorified 1321:Fred Upton 1290:Regarding 1269:, Senator 1219:Leland Yee 1169:Duke Nukem 1130:Square Co. 1102:Activision 1060:certiorari 640:Death Race 569:See also: 287:Censorship 245:Publishing 183:Nonviolent 154:Video game 87:Programmer 7657:Christian 7645:Advergame 7533:Artillery 7266:Roguelike 7244:Soulslike 7123:Adventure 6959:Light gun 6780:143735522 6760:Childhood 6667:"M.U.L.E" 6612:cite news 5552:Sikh Game 5099:. p. 190. 4940:CiteSeerX 4859:USA Today 4834:9 October 4828:Gamasutra 4394:Gamasutra 4013:About.com 3878:billiards 3870:ping-pong 3658:Undertale 3504:laser tag 3478:paintball 3466:paintball 3442:paintball 3430:paintball 3395:– Though 3087:Eggerland 2919:Heartseed 2897:Destineer 2885:ABC Radio 2839:Sikh Game 2806:Under Ash 2691:July 2014 2679:verifying 2587:herbalism 2579:astrology 2482:absurdist 2212:No blood 1279:Evan Bayh 1251:U.S. Army 1246:Manhunt 2 1066:grounds. 1009:In 1997, 985:Australia 896:Education 877:Eggerland 668:Barbarian 459:Advergame 230:Accessory 71:Developer 7909:Minigame 7861:Masocore 7807:Fan game 7677:Licensed 7602:Non-game 7473:Strategy 7343:Business 7042:Fighting 7001:Survival 6986:Tactical 6825:Archived 6741:Archived 6673:17 March 6602:25 March 6542:18 April 6477:GameSpot 6450:Archived 6241:GameStop 6233:Archived 6212:Archived 6193:Archived 6132:GameSpot 6109:Archived 6081:Archived 5996:Archived 5946:Archived 5923:Archived 5887:violence 5872:Archived 5830:Archived 5726:Archived 5644:Archived 5597:Archived 5501:Archived 5476:Archived 5406:Archived 5370:Archived 5334:Archived 5284:Xrucifix 5247:Archived 5170:Archived 5135:GameSpot 5042:17577537 5000:Archived 4917:Archived 4894:Archived 4738:Archived 4687:GameSpot 4616:Archived 4588:Archived 4563:Archived 4538:Archived 4493:Archived 4467:Archived 4442:Archived 4321:34217731 4313:18161877 4110:14987425 4102:11554666 4066:13727111 4028:Archived 3995:GameSpot 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