455:
1349:[Art. 8. In the weights and measures of capacity, each of the decimal measures of these two kinds will have its double and its half, in order to give to the sale of the various articles all the convenience that one can desire. There will therefore be the double-litre and the half-litre, the double-hectogram and the half-hectogram, and so on.]
770:, decimal prefixes are used. For example, a 500-gigabyte hard drive holds 500 billion bytes, and a 100-megabit-per-second Ethernet connection transfers data at 100 million bits per second. The ambiguity has led to some confusion and even lawsuits from purchasers who were expecting 2 or 2 and considered themselves shortchanged by the seller. (see
495:
In general, prefixes are used with any metric unit, but may also be used with non-metric units. Some combinations, however, are more common than others. The choice of prefixes for a given unit has often arisen by convenience of use and historical developments. Unit prefixes that are much larger or
1346:
Art. 8. Dans les poids et mesures de capacité, chacune des mesures décimales de ces deux genres aura son double et sa moitié, afin de donner à la vente des divers objets toute la commodité que l'on peut désirer. Il y aura donc le double-litre et le demi-litre, le double-hectogramme et le
856:(abbreviation "my"), for 10,000, was deprecated in 1960. Before the adoption of ronna and quetta for 10 and 10 and ronto and quecto for 10 and 10 in November 2022, many personal, and sometimes facetious, proposals for additional metric prefixes were formulated. The prefix
496:
smaller than encountered in practice are seldom used, albeit valid combinations. In most contexts only a few, the most common, combinations are established. For example, prefixes for multiples greater than one thousand are rarely applied to the gram or metre.
807:). Each binary prefix is formed from the first syllable of the decimal prefix with the similar value, and the syllable "bi". The symbols are the decimal symbol, always capitalised, followed by the letter "i". According to these standards,
398:
of a unit. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit symbol. Some of the prefixes date back to the introduction of the metric system in the 1790s, but new prefixes have been added, and some have been revised. The
1677:
955:) are derived from Latin "septem" (7) and " octo" (8) plus the initial letters "z" and "y". The initial letters "z" and "y" appear in the largest SI prefixes. They were changed because of previously proposed ascending
480:, for example, are not permitted. Prefixes corresponding to powers of one thousand are usually preferred, however, units such as the hectopascal, centimetre, and centilitre, are widely used; outside the SI, the units
707:
Units of information are not covered in the
International System of Units. Computer professionals have historically used the same spelling, pronunciation and symbols for the binary series in the description of
1556:
1697:
More than 20,000 scientists, students and members of the public have signed an online petition backing the new quantity, which would be used for figures with 27 zeros after the first digit.
1191:, which suggests the number eight (eighth power of 10); the letter 'y' is added to avoid the use of the letter 'o' as a symbol because of the possible confusion with the digit zero."
1685:
1323:"La Loi Du 18 Germinal An 3: Décision de tracer le mètre, unité fondamentale, sur une règle de platine. Nomenclature des " mesures républicaines ". Reprise de la triangulation"
542:
respectively, were parts of the original metric system adopted in France in 1795, but they were not retained when the SI prefixes were agreed internationally by the 11th
998:(from Latin "novem"/"nona" (9), "decem" (10), "undecim" (11)). Using Greek for ascending and Latin for descending would be consistent with established prefixes such as
543:
111:
1093:, based on the idea that the "Z" and "Y" prefixes would continue backwards through the English alphabet. He goes on to list a large number of prefixes, starting with
1254:
778:
1179:
suggest the digit seven (seventh power of 10) and the letter 'z' replaces the letter 's' to avoid the duplicate use of the letter 's' as a symbol. The names
1445:
860:, as used in the term "brontobyte", has been used to represent anything from 10 to 10 bytes, most often 10. In 2010, an online petition sought to establish
400:
1616:
1329:, Year 3: Decision to draw the fundamental unit metre on a platinum ruler. Nomenclature of "Republican measures". Resumption of the triangulation.].
974:
Before the adoption of new prefixes in 2022, several personal proposals had been made for extending the series of prefixes, with ascending terms such as
772:
1736:
796:
492:, 1 km means one square kilometre, not one thousand square metres, and 1 cm means one cubic centimetre, not one hundredth of a cubic metre.
959:(Greek "hepta" (7)) was already in use as a numerical prefix (implying seven) and the letter "h" as both SI-accepted non-SI unit (hour) and prefix (
74:. Historically, many prefixes have been used or proposed by various sources, but only a narrow set has been recognised by standards organisations.
1786:
892:, in May 2010. Ian Mills, president of the Consultative Committee on Units, considered the chances of official adoption to be remote. The prefix
1647:
1236:
104:
1334:
1546:
1840:, volume 1, Science Networks Historical Studies 56, Birkhäuser/Springer International Publishing AG, 2010, ISBN 978-3-319-57596-4,
1717:
a proposed metric prefix useful for describing mega-measurements like Earth's mass (6 Hellagrams). A Facebook petition garnered
1521:
1424:
1495:
1277:. Vol. 12. Edinburgh, UK: William Blackwood, John Waugh, John Murray, Baldwin & Cradock, J. M. Richardson. p. 494
97:
1469:
404:
700:
to also denote the powers of 1024 which is common in information technology with the unit of digital information, the
827:
denote one thousand and one million bytes respectively (consistent with the metric system), while terms such as
557:
847:
Although some of the following unofficial prefixes appear repeated on the internet, no one is in actual use.
1152:
871:
1761:
407:(SI). In addition to those listed in the everyday-use table, the SI includes standardised prefixes for 10 (
1889:
897:
515:
454:
395:
391:
501:
1796:
717:
521:
35:
819:, et seq. should only be used in the decimal sense, even when referring to data storage capacities:
875:
488:
are also common. The unit prefixes are always considered to be part of the unit, so that, e.g., in
1630:
1192:
1655:
1142:
1066:
889:
403:
has standardised twenty metric prefixes in resolutions dating from 1960 to 1991 for use with the
39:
1240:
1841:
1791:
1590:
1385:
1361:
1299:
1248:
1711:
1326:
1322:
880:
408:
499:
Some prefixes used in older versions of the metric system are no longer used. The prefixes
763:
709:
458:
412:
67:
1602:
1855:
1404:
920:
489:
63:
1678:"Hella number: scientists call for new word for 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000"
1517:
1883:
1809:
800:
677:
569:
384:
90:
83:
47:
1491:
1237:"H.R. 596, An Act to authorise the use of the metric system of weights and measures"
1147:
862:
680:
indicates multiplication by a power of two. The tenth power of 2 (2) has the value
1577:
1105:, from the Italian "nove" (or "nine"). In 1993, Morgan Burke proposed, as a joke,
986:(from Greek "ennea" (9), "deka" (10), "endeka" (11)) and descending terms such as
17:
1272:
1437:
71:
1821:
1465:
1366:(in German). Vol. 11. Stuttgart, Germany: J.W. Gotta'schen Buchhandlung
804:
1214:
1740:
867:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
767:
1737:"The Official Petition to Establish "Hella-" as the SI Prefix for 10^27"
1863:
1621:
839:, with symbols KiB, MiB and GiB, denote 2, 2 and 2 bytes respectively.
485:
481:
428:
388:
1392:. District Gazetteers Department, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal. p. 785.
1551:
885:
852:
548:
506:
448:
444:
424:
58:
43:
472:
Although formerly in use, the SI disallows combining prefixes; the *
1438:"International System of Units (SI): Prefixes for binary multiples"
782:). To protect themselves, some sellers write out the full term as "
38:
to indicate multiples or fractions of the units. Units of various
716:
is often capitalised. For example, in citations of main memory or
466:
462:
453:
440:
436:
432:
420:
416:
52:
963:
10), the same applied to "s" from previously proposed descending
1304:. Vol. 12 (1st American ed.). Joseph and Edward Parker
971:
was problematic since a symbol "o" could be confused with zero.
866:
as the SI prefix for 10, a movement that began on the campus of
701:
1390:
Gazetteer of India: Madhya
Pradesh District Gazetteers - Indore
1025:
In 2001, a few unofficial prefixes appeared on the
Internet:
1838:
Encyclopaedia of
Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures
1235:
29th
Congress of the United States, Session 1 (1866-05-13).
1591:
http://www.sybase.com/content/1031253/EnterpriseUnwired.pdf
1869:
1518:"Funny prefixes & dubious proposals (updated yearly)"
1578:"BBC article suggesting that a "brontobyte" is 10 bytes"
1442:
The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
884:
and some other scientific magazines, was recognised by
66:
of ten. In information technology it is common to use
1876:
to represent 10 to the power of 33, as in vendekabyte.
900:
industry to refer to 10 bytes following "brontobyte".
1547:"Extreme Big Data: Beyond Zettabytes And Yottabytes"
1648:"Hellabytes? A Campaign to Turn Slang into Science"
688:. This has prompted the use of the metric prefixes
62:, represent multiplication by positive or negative
1787:"Physics major has a name for a really big number"
923:"penta" (5) and "hexa" (6). The largest prefixes
34:is a specifier or mnemonic that is prepended to
1425:Seagate lawsuit concludes, settlement announced
1293:
1291:
1266:
1264:
870:. The prefix, which has since appeared in the
387:precede a basic unit of measure to indicate a
779:Cho v. Seagate Technology (US) Holdings, Inc.
105:
8:
1446:National Institute of Science and Technology
1405:"Western Digital settles drive size lawsuit"
401:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
1872:Home page for the use of the non-SI prefix
1253:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
967:(i.e. SI unit "s", seconds), while "o" for
799:(IEC) adopted new binary prefixes in 1998 (
552:" was an alternative spelling variant for "
939:) and, similarly, the descending prefixes
773:Orin Safier v. Western Digital Corporation
567:
112:
98:
87:
27:Indicates multiples or fractions of a unit
1856:Moerner Lab Single-Molecule Research Page
1540:
1538:
1490:Calvin (2021) . Michon, Gerard P. (ed.).
896:and term "geopbyte" has been used in the
797:International Electrotechnical Commission
1466:"Large Numbers – Notes (page 3) at MROB"
1333:(in French). histoire.du.metre.free.fr.
1715:. Vol. 18, no. 6. June 2010.
1206:
1164:
795:With the aim of avoiding ambiguity the
42:are commonly formed by the use of such
1635:1 brontobyte (1,000,000,000 megabytes)
1347:demi-hectogramme, et ainsi des autres.
1246:
1858:(Jokingly defines 1 guacamole = 1 / (
1762:"Google gets behind 'hella' campaign"
7:
1193:Resolution 4 of the 19th CGPM (1991)
1095:Xona, Weka, Vunda, Uda, Treda, Sorta
766:capacities and network transmission
1810:Proceedings of the 19th CGPM (1991)
1386:"Appendix B - XII Conversion Table"
803:formerly subclauses 3.8 and 3.9 of
1360:Dingler, Johann Gottfried (1823).
25:
1629:: 362. 1991-02-16. Archived from
1492:"Current and Deprecated Prefixes"
919:) are based on the Greek-derived
1545:Michon, Gerard P. (2013-10-09).
1864:Scientific paper with reference
1559:from the original on 2022-12-24
1524:from the original on 2022-12-24
1498:from the original on 2022-12-21
1472:from the original on 2022-12-21
1337:from the original on 2022-11-26
1069:has suggested extending beyond
1785:Chawkins, Steve (2010-06-06).
1384:Shrivatav, P. N., ed. (1971).
465:: 36 (XXXVI) myriametres from
1:
1676:Moore, Matthew (2010-03-02).
1403:Reimer, Jeremy (2006-06-30).
405:International System of Units
48:prefixes of the metric system
1654:. 2010-03-10. Archived from
1766:The San Francisco Chronicle
1301:The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia
1097:, ... Another proposal for
1065:(10). The Oxford professor
1906:
1516:Foley, John (2002-05-27).
1274:The Edinburgh Encyclopædia
712:, although the symbol for
81:
1826:The Physics Hypertextbook
762:In the specifications of
1760:Kim, Ryan (2010-05-24).
1298:Brewster, David (1832).
1271:Brewster, David (1830).
759:(2) bytes respectively.
1363:Polytechnisches Journal
1153:Indian numbering system
903:The ascending prefixes
872:San Francisco Chronicle
1822:"International System"
1113:for 10 (and therefore
898:information technology
525:, denoting factors of
469:
546:in 1960. The prefix "
457:
70:, which are based on
1331:L'Histoire Du Mètre
684:, which is close to
383:The prefixes of the
36:units of measurement
1795:: 2. Archived from
1325:[The Law of 18
890:non-serious fashion
843:Unofficial prefixes
572:
439:), 10 (zepto), 10 (
120:
1862:number) of moles.
1407:. Ars Technica LLC
1215:"Four Resolutions"
1143:Order of magnitude
1067:Jeffrey K. Aronson
568:
556:", as proposed by
505:, (from the Greek
470:
88:
18:Non-SI unit prefix
1799:on July 11, 2010.
1792:Los Angeles Times
1658:on March 13, 2010
1187:are derived from
801:IEC 80000-13:2008
732:customarily mean
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16:(Redirected from
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459:Distance marker
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1870:Vendeka.org
1171:"The names
1091:udeka/udeko
1079:xenta/xenno
1075:yotta/yocto
1071:zetta/zepto
447:), and 10 (
427:), and 10 (
32:unit prefix
1812:, page 80.
1771:2010-06-04
1746:2010-06-04
1724:signatures
1692:2019-01-04
1662:2010-05-20
1603:"Redirect"
1563:2022-12-24
1528:2022-12-24
1502:2022-12-24
1476:2022-12-24
1451:2007-09-09
1411:2012-02-18
1370:2015-10-09
1341:2015-10-12
1308:2015-10-09
1281:2015-10-09
1221:2012-03-01
1217:. Bipm.org
1202:References
1099:xenta/xona
1083:wekta/weko
720:capacity,
50:, such as
1860:Avocado's
1133:for 10).
1061:(10) and
768:bit rates
1884:Category
1842:page 204
1741:Facebook
1557:Archived
1522:Archived
1496:Archived
1470:Archived
1335:Archived
1327:Germinal
1249:cite web
1137:See also
1125:for 10,
1121:for 10,
1117:for 10,
1109:for 10,
868:UC Davis
837:gibibyte
833:mebibyte
829:kibibyte
825:megabyte
821:kilobyte
746:(2) and
730:gigabyte
726:megabyte
722:kilobyte
532:, 2 and
396:fraction
392:multiple
44:prefixes
1874:vendeka
1622:MacUser
1119:grouchi
1111:groucho
1103:novetta
984:vendeka
931:), and
888:, in a
579:Symbol
576:Prefix
537:⁄
516:double-
486:decibel
482:hectare
461:on the
443:), 10 (
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389:decadic
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1089:, and
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886:Google
863:hella-
858:bronto
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582:Power
554:myria-
549:myrio-
511:mýrioi
507:μύριοι
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429:quetta
316:micro
308:0.001
302:milli
288:centi
232:hecto
133:Power
64:powers
46:. The
1712:Wired
1185:yotta
1181:yocto
1177:zetta
1173:zepto
1159:Notes
1131:chici
1127:gummi
1123:zeppi
1115:harpi
1107:harpo
1077:with
1055:tredo
1020:milli
1016:centi
1004:hecto
996:vundo
976:xenna
965:septo
961:hecto
957:hepto
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941:zepto
933:yotta
925:zetta
881:Wired
853:myria
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653:mebi
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166:giga
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1652:Time
1255:link
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1183:and
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1073:and
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