Volatile organic compound - Knowledge (XXG)

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pharmaceutical products. The VOC Solvents Emissions Directive requires installations in which such activities are applied to comply either with the emission limit values set out in the Directive or with the requirements of the so-called reduction scheme. Article 13 of The Paints Directive, approved in 2004, amended the original VOC Solvents Emissions Directive and limits the use of organic solvents in decorative paints and varnishes and in vehicle finishing products. The Paints Directive sets out maximum VOC content limit values for paints and varnishes in certain applications. The Solvents Emissions Directive was replaced by the

1659:. Reference gas mixtures are required for quality control of these VOC measurements. Furthermore, VOC emitting products used indoors, e.g. building products and furniture, are investigated in emission test chambers under controlled climatic conditions. For quality control of these measurements round robin tests are carried out, therefore reproducibly emitting reference materials are ideally required. Other methods have used proprietary Silcosteel-coated canisters with constant flow inlets to collect samples over several days. These methods are not limited by the adsorbing properties of materials like Tenax. 465: 252: 6701: 1404: 1460: 6663: 187: 1846:(MTBE) were found in samples of human milk and increase the concentrations of VOCs that we are exposed to throughout the day. A study notes the difference between VOCs in alveolar breath and inspired air suggesting that VOCs are ingested, metabolized, and excreted via the extra-pulmonary pathway. VOCs are also ingested by drinking water in varying concentrations. Some VOC concentrations were over the 6711: 1416: 6692: 6684: 6676: 1902:, and others. These regulations have prompted several companies in the paint and adhesive industries to adapt with VOC level reductions their products. VOC labels and certification programs may not properly assess all of the VOCs emitted from the product, including some chemical compounds that may be relevant for indoor air quality. Each ounce of 1959:. Those who perform floor and other surface cleaning tasks (e.g., floor waxing) and who use quaternary ammonium, alcohol, and chlorine-based products are associated with a higher VOC exposure than the two previous groups, that is, they are particularly linked to exposure to acetone, chloroform, α-pinene, 2-propanol or d-limonene. 1565:(up to ten times higher) than outdoors due to the many sources. VOCs are emitted by thousands of indoor products. Examples include: paints, varnishes, waxes and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning and personal care products, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equipment such as copiers and printers, 1882:: a key protein in dermal regulation. this was confirmed by immunofluorescence to confirm protein loss and western blotting to confirm mRNA loss. These experiments were done on human skin samples. Toluene exposure also decreased the water in the trans-epidermal layer allowing for vulnerability in the skin's layers. 1826:

and respiratory tract irritation, headaches, dizziness, visual disorders, and memory impairment are among the immediate symptoms that some people have experienced soon after exposure to some organics. At present, not much is known about what health effects occur from the levels of organics usually found in homes.

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Hoerger, C. C.; Claude, A., Plass-Duelmer, C., Reimann, S., Eckart, E., Steinbrecher, R., Aalto, J., Arduini, J., Bonnaire, N., Cape, J. N., Colomb, A., Connolly, R., Diskova, J., Dumitrean, P., Ehlers, C., Gros, V., Hakola, H., Hill, M., Hopkins, J. R., Jäger, J., Junek, R., Kajos, M. K., Klemp, D.,

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There are strong seasonal variations in indoors VOC emissions, with emission rates increasing in summer. This is largely due to the rate of diffusion of VOC species through materials to the surface, increasing with temperature. This leads to generally higher concentrations of TVOCs indoors in summer.

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VOCs are also found in hospital and health care environments. In these settings, these chemicals are widely used for cleaning, disinfection, and hygiene of the different areas. Thus, health professionals such as nurses, doctors, sanitation staff, etc., may present with adverse health effects such as

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The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly from those that are highly toxic to those with no known health effects. As with other pollutants, the extent and nature of the health effect will depend on many factors including level of exposure and length of time exposed. Eye

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pollutants, VOC photochemistry recycles hydroxyl radicals to create a sustainable biosphere–atmosphere balance. Due to recent climate change developments, such as warming and greater UV radiation, BVOC emissions from plants are generally predicted to increase, thus upsetting the biosphere–atmosphere

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indoors because of the abundant new materials (building materials, fittings, surface coverings and treatments such as glues, paints and sealants) exposed to the indoor air, emitting multiple VOC gases. This off-gassing has a multi-exponential decay trend that is discernible over at least two years,

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defines a VOC as those compounds that have "originated from automobiles, industrial production and civilian use, burning of all types of fuels, storage and transportation of oils, fitment finish, coating for furniture and machines, cooking oil fume and fine particles (PM 2.5)", and similar sources.

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Emissions Directive was the main policy instrument for the reduction of industrial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the European Union. It covers a wide range of solvent-using activities, e.g. printing, surface cleaning, vehicle coating, dry cleaning and manufacture of footwear and

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Sulzer, Philipp; Hartungen, Eugen; Hanel, Gernot; Feil, Stefan; Winkler, Klaus; Mutschlechner, Paul; Haidacher, Stefan; Schottkowsky, Ralf; Gunsch, Daniel; Seehauser, Hans; Striednig, Marcus; Jürschik, Simone; Breiev, Kostiantyn; Lanza, Matteo; Herbig, Jens; Märk, Lukas; Märk, Tilmann D.; Jordan,

2092:. One study has shown that "volatile organic compounds ... are mainly blood borne and therefore enable monitoring of different processes in the body." And it appears that VOC compounds in the body "may be either produced by metabolic processes or inhaled/absorbed from exogenous sources" such as 2780:

Kwak, Seon-Yeong; Wong, Min Hao; Lew, Tedrick Thomas Salim; Bisker, Gili; Lee, Michael A.; Kaplan, Amir; Dong, Juyao; Liu, Albert Tianxiang; Koman, Volodymyr B.; Sinclair, Rosalie; Hamann, Catherine; and Strano, Michael S. (2017-06-12). "Nanosensor Technology Applied to Living Plant Systems".

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have been rarely a subject of study, even though the elderly and vulnerable populations may spend considerable time in these indoor settings where they might be exposed to VOCs, derived from the common use of cleaning agents, sprays and fresheners. In one study, more than 200 chemicals were

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Following a public hearing in September 1995, California's ARB uses the term "reactive organic gases" (ROG) to measure organic gases. The CARB revised the definition of "Volatile Organic Compounds" used in their consumer products regulations, based on the committee's findings.

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and organic compounds, peroxyacyl nitrates and many organic compounds. Furthermore, collection of VOCs by condensation in cold traps also accumulates a large amount of water, which generally must be removed selectively, depending on the analytical techniques to be employed.

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are the main compounds in the interior of the site. Following the same line, in a study conducted in the United States, it was established that nursing assistants are the most exposed to compounds such as ethanol, while medical equipment preparers are most exposed to

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Leuchner, M., Lewis, A. C., Locoge, N., Maione, M., Martin, D., Michl, K., Nemitz, E., O'Doherty, S., Pérez Ballesta, P., Ruuskanen, T. M., Sauvage, S., Schmidbauer, N., Spain, T. G., Straube, E., Vana, M., Vollmer, M. K., Wegener, R., and Wenger, A. (2015).

205:(EPA) and state agencies in the US with independent outdoor air pollution regulations include exemptions for VOCs that are determined to be non-reactive, or of low-reactivity in the smog formation process. Prominent is the VOC regulation issued by the 1622:

treatment. Existing buildings may be replenished with new VOC sources, such as new furniture, consumer products, and redecoration of indoor surfaces, all of which lead to a continuous background emission of TVOCs, and requiring improved ventilation.

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properties. Furthermore, in another study carried out in the same European country, it was found that there is a significant association between breathlessness in the elderly population and elevated exposure to VOCs such as toluene and

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Lattuati-Derieux, Agnès; Bonnassies-Termes, Sylvette; Lavédrine, Bertrand (2004). "Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by a naturally aged book using solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry".

68:. VOCs play an important role in communication between animals and plants, e.g. attractants for pollinators, protection from predation, and even inter-plant interactions. Some VOCs are dangerous to human health or cause harm to the 2007:(SPME) techniques are used to collect VOCs at low concentrations for analysis. As applied to breath analysis, the following modalities are employed for sampling: gas sampling bags, syringes, evacuated steel and glass containers. 2830:

J. Lelieveld; T. M. Butler; J. N. Crowley; T. J. Dillon; H. Fischer; L. Ganzeveld; H. Harder; M. G. Lawrence; M. Martinez; D. Taraborrelli; J. Williams (2008). "Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest".

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classifies VOCs as organic compounds that have boiling points roughly in the range of 50 to 250 °C (122 to 482 °F). The emphasis is placed on commonly encountered VOCs that would have an effect on air quality.

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Some VOCs are emitted directly indoors, and some are formed through the subsequent chemical reactions. The total concentration of all VOCs (TVOC) indoors can be up to five times higher than that of outdoor levels.

6412: 1184: 251: 6637: 5003: 1573:, graphics and craft materials including glues and adhesives, permanent markers, and photographic solutions. Human activities such as cooking and cleaning can also emit VOCs. Cooking can release long-chain 1363: 1997:

Obtaining samples for analysis is challenging. VOCs, even when at dangerous levels, are dilute, so preconcentration is typically required. Many components of the atmosphere are mutually incompatible, e.g.

1735:, several standards exist; California Standard CDPH Section 01350 is the most common one. These regulations and standards changed the marketplace, leading to an increasing number of low-emitting products. 6632: 1946:

In relation to exposure to VOCs by cleaning and hygiene personnel, a study conducted in 4 hospitals in the United States established that sterilization and disinfection workers are linked to exposures to

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Belo, Joana; Carreiro-Martins, Pedro; Papoila, Ana L.; Palmeiro, Teresa; Caires, Iolanda; Alves, Marta; Nogueira, Susana; Aguiar, Fátima; Mendes, Ana; Cano, Manuela; Botelho, Maria A. (2019-10-15).

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that comprises each organic chemical compound that can be measured as follows: adsorption from air on Tenax TA, thermal desorption, gas chromatographic separation over a 100% nonpolar column (

395:, a subset of VOCs. Although intended for nearby organisms to detect and respond to, these volatiles can be detected and communicated through wireless electronic transmission, by embedding 4560:

Charlier, Bruno; Coglianese, Albino; De Rosa, Federica; De Caro, Francesco; Piazza, Ornella; Motta, Oriana; Borrelli, Anna; Capunzo, Mario; Filippelli, Amelia; Izzo, Viviana (2021-03-24).

4366:"Influence of short-term exposure to airborne Der p 1 and volatile organic compounds on skin barrier function and dermal blood flow in patients with atopic eczema and healthy individuals" 1906:

added to tint paint may contain between 5 and 20 grams of VOCs. A dark color, however, could require 5–15 ounces of colorant, adding up to 300 or more grams of VOCs per gallon of paint.

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Biasioli, Franco; Yeretzian, Chahan; Märk, Tilmann D.; Dewulf, Jeroen; Van Langenhove, Herman (2011). "Direct-injection mass spectrometry adds the time dimension to (B)VOC analysis".

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Bönisch, Ulrike; Böhme, Alexander; Kohajda, Tibor; Mögel, Iljana; Schütze, Nicole; von Bergen, Martin; Simon, Jan C.; Lehmann, Irina; Polte, Tobias (2012-07-03). Idzko, Marco (ed.).

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institutes are working on the lacking standard gas mixtures at trace level concentration, minimising adsorption processes, and improving the zero gas. The final scopes are for the

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Su, Feng-Chiao; Friesen, Melissa C; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B; Henneberger, Paul K; LeBouf, Ryan F; Stanton, Marcia L; Liang, Xiaoming; Humann, Michael; Virji, M Abbas (2018-08-13).

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Farag, Mohamed A.; Fokar, Mohamed; Abd, Haggag; Zhang, Huiming; Allen, Randy D.; Paré, Paul W. (2004). "(Z)-3-Hexenol induces defense genes and downstream metabolites in maize".

2016: 1711:(CAM Edilizia) have enacted regulations to limit VOC emissions from commercial products. European industry has developed numerous voluntary ecolabels and rating systems, such as 4682:

Bessonneau, Vincent; Mosqueron, Luc; Berrubé, Adèle; Mukensturm, Gaël; Buffet-Bataillon, Sylvie; Gangneux, Jean-Pierre; and Thomas, Olivier (2013-02-05). Levin, Jan-Olof (ed.).

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Baldwin, I. T.; Halitschke, R.; Paschold, A.; von Dahl, C. C.; Preston, C. A. (2006). "Volatile Signaling in Plant-Plant Interactions: "Talking Trees" in the Genomics Era".

228:, VOCs are regulated in pollutant discharges to surface waters (both directly and via sewage treatment plants) as hazardous waste, but not in non-industrial indoor air. The 2753:

Terra, W. C.; Campos, V. P.; Martins, S. J. (2018). "Volatile organic molecules from Fusarium oxysporum strain 21 with nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita".

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The Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defence War released by the State Council in July 2018 creates an action plan to reduce 2015 VOC emissions 10% by 2020.

3117: 3646:"ISO 16000-9:2006 Indoor air – Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing – Emission test chamber method" 5374: 4469: 2140:

and the long-term stability of the standard gases to be in accordance with the data quality objectives (DQO, maximum uncertainty of 20% in this case) required by the

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identified, of which 41 have adverse health effects, 37 of them being VOCs. The health effects include skin sensitization, reproductive and organ-specific toxicity,

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Biomass combustion, especially from rain forests. Although combustion principally releases carbon dioxide and water, incomplete combustion affords a variety of VOCs.

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Virji, M Abbas; Liang, Xiaoming; Su, Feng-Chiao; Lebouf, Ryan F; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B; Stanton, Marcia L; Henneberger, Paul K; Houseman, E Andres (2019-10-28).

4325:"Toluene downregulates filaggrin expression via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription-dependent pathways" 1368: 402:

Emissions are affected by a variety of factors, such as temperature, which determines rates of volatilization and growth, and sunlight, which determines rates of

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in humans. Key signs or symptoms associated with exposure to VOCs include conjunctival irritation, nose and throat discomfort, headache, allergic skin reaction,

430:, is estimated to emit 3.4 million kg (7.5 million lb) of terpenes on a typical August day during the growing season. Maize produces the VOC 8013: 229: 163: 3570:

Holøs, S. B.; et al. (2019). "VOC emission rates in newly built and renovated buildings, and the influence of ventilation – a review and meta-analysis".

1689:. Compounds appearing earlier are called VVOC (very volatile organic compounds); compounds appearing later are called SVOC (semi-volatile organic compounds). 1613:

with the most volatile compounds decaying with a time-constant of a few days, and the least volatile compounds decaying with a time-constant of a few years.

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Niinemets, Ülo; Loreto, Francesco; Reichstein, Markus (2004). "Physiological and physicochemical controls on foliar volatile organic compound emissions".

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has prompted more studies. Several studies have been performed to measure the effects of dermal absorption of specific VOCs. Dermal exposure to VOCs like

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or with ozone to produce new oxidation products and secondary aerosols, which can cause sensory irritation symptoms. VOCs contribute to the formation of

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Concentration levels of individual VOCs such as halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons vary substantially between areas of the same hospital. Generally,

4869:"The impact of indoor air quality on respiratory health of older people living in nursing homes: spirometric and exhaled breath condensate assessments" 4684:"VOC Contamination in Hospital, from Stationary Sampling of a Large Panel of Compounds, in View of Healthcare Workers and Patients Exposure Assessment" 5167:

Alfons (2014). "A Proton Transfer Reaction-Quadrupole interface Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-QiTOF): High speed due to extreme sensitivity".

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Davies, Helen L.; O'Leary, Catherine; Dillon, Terry; Shaw, David R.; Shaw, Marvin; Mehra, Archit; Phillips, Gavin; Carslaw, Nicola (August 14, 2023).

8008: 7940: 1643:-cartridges (for carbonyl-compounds) or air detector. The VOCs adsorb on these materials and are afterwards desorbed either thermally (Tenax) or by 5061:"Recognition of pathogens in food matrixes based on the untargeted in vivo microbial metabolite profiling via a novel SPME/GC × GC-QTOFMS approach" 4513:"Corrigendum to: Peaks, Means, and Determinants of Real-Time TVOC Exposures Associated with Cleaning and Disinfecting Tasks in Healthcare Settings" 3670:

Heeley-Hill, Aiden C.; Grange, Stuart K.; Ward, Martyn W.; Lewis, Alastair C.; Owen, Neil; Jordan, Caroline; Hodgson, Gemma; Adamson, Greg (2021).

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is among the methods that have been used most extensively for the on-line analysis of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs. PTR-MS instruments based on

128:, having at 293.15 K a vapour pressure of 0.01 kPa or more, or having a corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use;". The VOC 6584: 5246:

Miekisch, W.; Schubert, J. K.; Noeldge-Schomburg, G. F. E. (2004). "Diagnostic potential of breath analysis—focus on volatile organic compounds".

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volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) encompass VOCs emitted by plants, animals, or microorganisms, and while extremely diverse, are most commonly

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Pichersky, Eran; Gershenzon, Jonathan (2002). "The formation and function of plant volatiles: Perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense".

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of these devices is between 7000 and 10,500 m/Δm, thus it is possible to separate most common isobaric VOCs and quantify them independently.

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Huss-Marp, J.; Eberlein-Konig, B.; Breuer, K.; Mair, S.; Ansel, A.; Darsow, U.; Kramer, U.; Mayer, E.; Ring, J.; Behrendt, H. (March 2006).

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Sindelarova, K.; Granier, C.; Bouarar, I.; Guenther, A.; Tilmes, S.; Stavrakou, T.; Müller, J.-F.; Kuhn, U.; Stefani, P.; Knorr, W. (2014).

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and 2-propanol, while those responsible for cleaning with chlorine-containing products are more likely to have higher levels of exposure to

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provide an air pollution abatement option for VOCs from industrial air flows. A thermal oxidizer is an EPA-approved device to treat VOCs.

5880: 5773: 5443: 4167:"Measurement of volatile organic compounds and associated risk assessments through ingestion and dermal routes in Dongjiang Lake, China" 2438: 2219:"A Peripherally Located Air Recirculation Device Containing an Activated Carbon Filter Reduces VOC Levels in a Simulated Operating Room" 2197: 1851: 754: 674: 7796: 6645: 6622: 5801: 5461: 1348: 1262: 704: 7838: 7551: 7087: 6816: 6434: 6320: 5814: 5809: 4924:"Higher prevalence of breathlessness in elderly exposed to indoor aldehydes and VOCs in a representative sample of French dwellings" 3099: 2294: 1636: 1204: 1109: 4015: 3989: 2642: 410:

in particular. VOCs emitted by terrestrial forests are often oxidized by hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere; in the absence of NO

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J. Kesselmeier; M. Staudt (1999). "Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC): An Overview on Emission, Physiology and Ecology".

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Bentayeb, Malek; Billionnet, Cécile; Baiz, Nour; Derbez, Mickaël; Kirchner, Séverine; Annesi-Maesano, Isabella (October 2013).

1518:. Motivated by cost, environmental concerns, and regulation, the paint and coating industries are increasingly shifting toward 1467: 1439: 1149: 912: 494: 388: 159: 73: 4752:

LeBouf, Ryan F; Virji, M Abbas; Saito, Rena; Henneberger, Paul K; Simcox, Nancy; and Stefaniak, Aleksandr B (September 2014).

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Providing a sense of scale, a forest 62,000 square kilometres (24,000 sq mi) in area, the size of the U.S. state of

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The exhaled human breath contains a few thousand volatile organic compounds and is used in breath biopsy to serve as a VOC

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use and production, e.g. incompletely combusted fossil fuels or unintended evaporation of fuels. The most prevalent VOC is

8174: 7950: 7894: 7889: 7466: 6994: 6670: 5975: 4624:"Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds among Healthcare Workers: Modeling the Effects of Cleaning Tasks and Product Use" 1384: 834: 146: 3948: 2104:, which utilize pattern recognition for detection of component volatile organics in complex mixtures such as breath gas. 7511: 7062: 6983: 6942: 6146: 5895: 5875: 5627: 922: 774: 749: 544: 217:

because many chemicals that are not regulated as outdoor air pollution can still be important for indoor air pollution.

5391: 3965: 7854: 7656: 7167: 7102: 7020: 6932: 6796: 6251: 5905: 5325:"ACTRIS non-methane hydrocarbon intercomparison experiment in Europe to support WMO GAW and EMEP observation networks" 3906:"Organic compounds in office environments – sensory irritation, odor, measurements and the role of reactive chemistry" 2345:

Kessler, André; Baldwin, Ian T. (2001). "Defensive Function of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatile Emissions in Nature".

2093: 2004: 1748: 1033: 784: 2530: 8134: 8003: 7884: 7591: 7356: 7200: 6579: 6502: 5910: 5740: 5570: 2952:

Behr, Arno; Johnen, Leif (2009). "Myrcene as a Natural Base Chemical in Sustainable Chemistry: A Critical Review".

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KEY-VOCS: Metrology for VOC indicators in air pollution and climate change, a European Metrology Research Project.

4217:"Volatile Organic Compounds Dysregulate the Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes" 4165:

Cao, Fengmei; Qin, Pan; Lu, Shaoyong; He, Qi; Wu, Fengchang; Sun, Hongwen; Wang, Lei; Li, Linlin (December 2018).

3865:"Indoor residential chemical emissions as risk factors for respiratory and allergic effects in children: A review" 2120:, either in the form of cylinders or dynamic generation methods. However, for many VOCs, such as oxygenated VOCs, 8169: 8129: 7915: 7879: 7681: 7311: 7266: 7194: 7046: 6989: 6382: 6340: 6302: 5867: 2162: 2039: 2035: 1652: 1164: 1129: 1089: 742: 709: 5040: 3193:"A review of indoor Gaseous organic compounds and human chemical Exposure: Insights from Real-time measurements" 1675:). VOC (volatile organic compounds) are all compounds that appear in the gas chromatogram between and including 8103: 7925: 7621: 7221: 7000: 6891: 6876: 6377: 5900: 5841: 5752: 1159: 779: 714: 651: 76:

VOCs are regulated by law, especially indoors, where concentrations are the highest. Most VOCs are not acutely

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are required. For a number of VOCs gaseous reference standards are available from specialty gas suppliers or

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can be released when spices are prepared and/or cooked. Cleaning products contain a range of VOCs, including

8098: 8023: 7945: 7874: 7818: 7750: 7646: 7561: 7471: 7436: 6912: 6589: 6355: 5885: 5436: 4562:"Chemical risk in hospital settings: Overview on monitoring strategies and international regulatory aspects" 2145: 1878:

and formaldehyde worsen allergic inflammation in animal models. Toluene also increases the dysregulation of

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Harding-Smith, Ellen; Shaw, David R.; Shaw, Marvin; Dillon, Terry J.; Carslaw, Nicola (January 23, 2024).

1871: 1327: 814: 167: 54: 8108: 7786: 7745: 7461: 7132: 6952: 6518: 6350: 6226: 6134: 5824: 5717: 5517: 5368: 2101: 1728: 1570: 1503: 1297: 1139: 1005: 917: 614: 384: 89: 6679: 5416: 4365: 3672:"Frequency of use of household products containing VOCs and indoor atmospheric concentrations in homes" 5060: 2483: 7910: 7900: 7844: 7781: 7676: 7256: 7205: 6771: 6325: 5980: 5676: 5359: 5336: 5176: 4868: 4825: 4695: 4269: 4066: 3499: 3450: 3383: 3204: 3043: 2840: 2719: 2672: 2397: 2354: 2128:, no standards are available at the appropriate amount of fraction due to the chemical reactivity or 1764:

in infants or children are associated with man-made VOCs and other indoor or outdoor air pollutants.

1672: 1502:, and inks. Approximately 12 billion litres of paint are produced annually. Typical solvents include 839: 572: 392: 5002:

Ahmed, Waqar M.; Lawal, Oluwasola; Nijsen, Tamara M.; Goodacre, Royston; Fowler, Stephen J. (2017).

3439:"A Modelling Study of Indoor Air Chemistry: The Surface Interactions of Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide" 3271:"A measurement and modelling investigation of the indoor air chemistry following cooking activities" 8139: 7776: 7766: 7740: 7526: 7188: 7097: 7067: 6967: 6937: 6831: 6791: 6392: 6330: 6297: 6236: 6168: 6033: 6028: 6006: 5580: 2508: 1976: 1753: 1174: 1119: 1084: 1010: 937: 887: 882: 867: 524: 379:

per year in the form of VOCs. The majority of VOCs are produced by plants, the main compound being

69: 232:(OSHA) regulates VOC exposure in the workplace. Volatile organic compounds that are classified as 213:(CARB). However, this specific use of the term VOCs can be misleading, especially when applied to 8159: 8039: 7983: 7920: 7697: 7576: 7571: 7361: 7172: 7157: 6739: 6705: 6666: 6599: 6574: 6569: 6387: 6264: 6058: 5930: 5694: 5565: 5492: 5429: 5096: 4904: 4849: 4813: 4401: 4238: 4194: 4166: 3597: 3530:"Volatile organic compounds in indoor environment and photocatalytic oxidation: State of the art" 3438: 3012: 2864: 2735: 2421: 2031: 1784: 1780: 1668: 1561:

Due to their numerous sources indoors, concentrations of VOCs indoors are consistently higher in

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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) web site of the Chemicals Control Branch of Environment Canada

4258:"Volatile Organic Compounds Enhance Allergic Airway Inflammation in an Experimental Mouse Model" 2661:"Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years" 2060:

techniques are frequently utilized for the rapid detection and accurate quantification of VOCs.

5283:"Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Exhaled Breath for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer" 3645: 3323:"Does green mean clean? Volatile organic emissions from regular versus green cleaning products" 8154: 7611: 7566: 7321: 7316: 7246: 7142: 6978: 6781: 6594: 6454: 6274: 6183: 6151: 6068: 6021: 5948: 5920: 5689: 5684: 5482: 5304: 5263: 5228: 5146: 5088: 5080: 5023: 4981: 4945: 4896: 4888: 4841: 4791: 4773: 4731: 4713: 4661: 4643: 4599: 4581: 4542: 4534: 4463: 4393: 4385: 4346: 4305: 4287: 4186: 4147: 4129: 4090: 4082: 3927: 3886: 3701: 3693: 3549: 3407: 3399: 3352: 3344: 3300: 3292: 3222: 3173: 3130: 3095: 3061: 3004: 2969: 2934: 2899: 2856: 2812: 2804: 2413: 2370: 2327: 2290: 2256: 2238: 2182: 2167: 2057: 2050: 1791: 1057: 980: 973: 927: 794: 584: 579: 489: 261: 6724: 2072:

of 20 pptv after 100 ms and 750 ppqv after 1 min. measurement (signal integration) time. The

1712: 8149: 8078: 7833: 7828: 7411: 7117: 7015: 7010: 7005: 6922: 6700: 6538: 6439: 6397: 6365: 6259: 6213: 6173: 6080: 6048: 6016: 6001: 5985: 5960: 5745: 5699: 5354: 5344: 5294: 5255: 5218: 5184: 5123: 5072: 5015: 4973: 4935: 4880: 4833: 4781: 4765: 4721: 4703: 4651: 4635: 4589: 4573: 4524: 4377: 4336: 4295: 4277: 4228: 4178: 4137: 4121: 4074: 3917: 3876: 3683: 3587: 3579: 3541: 3529: 3507: 3458: 3391: 3334: 3282: 3212: 3163: 3122: 3087: 3051: 2996: 2961: 2926: 2891: 2848: 2796: 2762: 2727: 2690: 2680: 2405: 2362: 2319: 2282: 2246: 2230: 2177: 1598: 1566: 1519: 1403: 1317: 1214: 1154: 1040: 993: 942: 902: 877: 862: 844: 819: 759: 644: 594: 431: 190: 46: 38: 4623: 4483: 3082:

Reimann, Stefan; Lewis, Alastair C. (2007). "Anthropogenic VOCs". In Koppmann, Ralf (ed.).

2562: 8073: 8045: 7687: 7601: 7596: 7541: 7531: 7521: 7451: 7391: 7306: 7291: 7112: 7107: 7082: 7077: 6947: 6871: 6402: 6312: 6278: 6163: 6117: 6043: 5970: 5890: 5793: 5735: 5590: 5047: 3952: 3437:

Carter, Toby J.; Poppendieck, Dustin G.; Shaw, David; Carslaw, Nicola (January 16, 2023).

2695: 2593: 2575: 2445: 2187: 2097: 2069: 1968: 1761: 1102: 1062: 932: 897: 829: 769: 697: 634: 534: 4812:

Reddy, Manasa; Heidarinejad, Mohammad; Stephens, Brent; Rubinstein, Israel (April 2021).

2800: 260:, a common biogenic VOC, is emitted into the atmosphere primarily by trees which grow in 5340: 5180: 4829: 4699: 4561: 4323:

Lee, Hana; Shin, Jung Jin; Bae, Hyun Cheol; Ryu, Woo-In; Son, Sang Wook (January 2017).

4273: 4070: 3503: 3454: 3387: 3208: 3047: 2844: 2723: 2676: 2401: 2358: 17: 7823: 7720: 7496: 7476: 7441: 7376: 7296: 7137: 7127: 7036: 6886: 6856: 6811: 6806: 6715: 6449: 6335: 6292: 6286: 6282: 6127: 6112: 6063: 6053: 5965: 5819: 5575: 5546: 4786: 4753: 4726: 4683: 4656: 4594: 4300: 4257: 2251: 2218: 2157: 1819: 1776: 1420: 1224: 1124: 1079: 1072: 1067: 824: 519: 383:. Small amounts of VOCs are produced by animals and microbes. Many VOCs are considered 225: 121: 42: 4142: 4109: 3511: 2323: 2027:

cannot be sampled, however, on the same sample matrix using the NIOSH or OSHA method.

1459: 8144: 8123: 7905: 7756: 7651: 7616: 7386: 7381: 7336: 7331: 7177: 7152: 7147: 7122: 7092: 6962: 6861: 6841: 6821: 6732: 6469: 6370: 6156: 6085: 5857: 5605: 5469: 5100: 5059:

Fang, Shuting; Liu, Shuqin; Song, Juyi; Huang, Qihong; Xiang, Zhangmin (2021-04-01).

4908: 4853: 4381: 3922: 3905: 3881: 3864: 1807: 1732: 1590: 1507: 1239: 729: 724: 719: 477: 329: 108: 50: 4837: 4405: 4242: 4198: 3601: 3016: 2739: 186: 8083: 7761: 7661: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7556: 7491: 7371: 7341: 7281: 7276: 7251: 7162: 7041: 6957: 6881: 6866: 6851: 6490: 6464: 6444: 6268: 6231: 6195: 5831: 5778: 5654: 5610: 5595: 5524: 5396: 3463: 3371: 3168: 2868: 2425: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2043: 2034:(GC). GC instruments allow the separation of gaseous components. When coupled to a 2030:

VOCs are quantified and identified by two broad techniques. The major technique is

1972: 1963: 1867: 1803: 1511: 1272: 1234: 1219: 1050: 1015: 960: 679: 539: 427: 403: 100:

Diverse definitions of the term VOC are in use. Some examples are presented below.

5076: 4884: 3583: 3126: 2930: 2895: 2366: 5299: 5282: 4977: 4708: 4282: 4182: 3545: 3217: 3192: 2766: 8093: 7735: 7692: 7666: 7606: 7586: 7581: 7456: 7416: 7401: 7346: 7271: 7241: 7236: 7052: 6917: 6836: 6427: 6422: 6107: 6102: 6073: 6038: 6011: 5541: 5019: 2121: 2089: 1952: 1927: 1724: 1720: 1586: 1533:, estimated to contribute 1.3 billion tonnes of VOC emissions per year globally. 1485: 1194: 892: 872: 509: 85: 5259: 5188: 5127: 4940: 4923: 4341: 4324: 4233: 4216: 2112:

To achieve comparability of VOC measurements, reference standards traceable to

2019:(NIOSH) and another by U.S. OSHA. Each method uses a single component solvent; 1616:

New buildings may require intensive ventilation for the first few months, or a

7849: 7771: 7702: 7671: 7546: 7516: 7446: 7396: 7366: 7351: 7326: 7231: 7031: 6927: 6846: 6786: 6604: 6221: 5536: 5529: 5512: 5497: 4769: 3945: 3000: 2731: 2129: 2053:, which is usually coupled with GC, giving the hyphenated technique of GC-MS. 1956: 1948: 1940: 1683: 1644: 1609: 1562: 1540: 1244: 1000: 504: 396: 5084: 4892: 4777: 4717: 4647: 4585: 4538: 4389: 4291: 4133: 4110:"Metabolic and environmental origins of volatile organic compounds in breath" 4086: 4054: 3809: 3697: 3403: 3348: 3296: 3177: 2808: 2685: 2660: 2242: 2234: 1648: 80:, but may have long-term chronic health effects. Some VOCs have been used in 7808: 7486: 7481: 7431: 7406: 7261: 7057: 6533: 6485: 6459: 6407: 6241: 6203: 5953: 5943: 5615: 5477: 5452: 5349: 5324: 4639: 4529: 4512: 3845: 3395: 3115:

Stoye, D.; Funke, W.; Hoppe, L.; et al. (2006). "Paints and Coatings".

2409: 2133: 2117: 2085: 1879: 1312: 1267: 1229: 1179: 1114: 1020: 484: 454: 360: 65: 5308: 5267: 5232: 5092: 5027: 4985: 4949: 4900: 4845: 4795: 4735: 4665: 4603: 4577: 4546: 4397: 4350: 4309: 4190: 4125: 4094: 3931: 3890: 3705: 3553: 3411: 3356: 3304: 3226: 3065: 3008: 2973: 2965: 2938: 2903: 2860: 2816: 2417: 2374: 2331: 2260: 178:), fine particulate matter (PM10) and suspended particulate matter (SPM)". 4151: 3755: 3191:

You, Bo; Zhou, Wei; Li, Junyao; Li, Zhijie; Sun, Yele (November 4, 2022).

3091: 2286: 2038:(FID) GCs can detect hydrocarbons at the parts per trillion levels. Using 1635:

Measurement of VOCs from the indoor air is done with sorption tubes e. g.

7791: 7725: 7226: 7026: 6826: 6801: 6776: 6178: 6122: 5783: 5632: 5600: 5406: 2609:

For example, discharges from chemical and plastics manufacturing plants:

1981: 1903: 1795: 1772: 1757: 1618: 1574: 684: 380: 367:(methane and carbon monoxide are generally not considered). Not counting 364: 356: 342: 289: 269:

Most VOCs in Earth's atmosphere are biogenic, largely emitted by plants.

257: 125: 81: 5143:

Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry – Principles and Applications

2852: 1667:

In most countries, a separate definition of VOCs is used with regard to

1597:. Once released into the air, VOCs can undergo reactions with ozone and 415:

interaction and damaging major ecosystems. A major class of VOCs is the

7301: 6973: 6139: 5642: 5620: 5507: 5502: 3719: 3688: 3671: 3339: 3322: 3287: 3270: 2020: 1935: 1923: 1839: 1835: 1815: 1768: 1700: 1696: 1582: 1536: 1530: 1515: 1495: 420: 416: 407: 368: 302: 129: 61: 5004:"Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds of Infection: A Systematic Review" 4078: 3592: 3056: 3031: 2612:"Organic Chemicals, Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Effluent Guidelines" 7978: 7730: 7536: 7286: 6543: 6523: 6417: 6092: 5585: 4814:"Adequate indoor air quality in nursing homes: An unmet medical need" 3827: 3032:"Known and Unexplored Organic Constituents in the Earth's Atmosphere" 2625: 2024: 1916: 1895: 1875: 1850:

Regulations and China's National Drinking Water Standards set by the

1811: 1799: 1704: 1692: 1676: 1578: 1526: 1489: 1475: 1322: 1302: 1209: 1199: 907: 376: 315: 5223: 5206: 4055:"Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Milk: Methods and Measurements" 3904:

Wolkoff, P.; Wilkins, C. K.; Clausen, P. A.; Nielsen, G. D. (2006).

2544: 1874:

on the skin like cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2 and 3.

1834:

While null in comparison to the concentrations found in indoor air,

5401: 3944:"What is Smog?", Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 3791: 2563:"Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet: Thermal Incinerator." 7993: 7426: 6553: 6495: 5836: 5768: 5666: 5558: 4039: 3737: 3240: 2882:

Josep Peñuelas; Michael Staudt (2010). "BVOCs and global change".

1999: 1931: 1708: 1594: 1499: 1458: 1332: 1277: 669: 185: 124:

defines a VOC as "any organic compound as well as the fraction of

77: 27:

Organic chemicals having a high vapor pressure at room temperature

4053:

Kim, Sung R.; Halden, Rolf U.; Buckley, Timothy J. (2007-03-01).

7501: 7421: 6528: 5649: 5637: 5553: 2599:. Sacramento, CA: California Air Resources Board. November 2004. 1891: 1890:

Limit values for VOC emissions into indoor air are published by

1656: 1640: 1463:

The handling of petroleum-based fuels is a major source of VOCs.

1307: 554: 549: 514: 6728: 5425: 4754:"Exposure to volatile organic compounds in healthcare settings" 399:

and infrared transmitters into the plant materials themselves.

2474:, European Union Publications Office. Retrieved on 2010-09-28. 2141: 2100:

of volatile organic compounds has also been demonstrated with

1822:

levels, nausea, vomiting, nose bleeding, fatigue, dizziness.

5421: 3773: 469:

Paints and coatings are major anthropogenic sources of VOCs.

4446:"Technical Overview of Volatile Organic Compounds | US EPA" 4420:"Ausschuss zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten" 3152:"Global emissions of VOCs from compressed aerosol products" 2049:

The second major technique associated with VOC analysis is

2015:

In the U.S., standard methods have been established by the

5411: 5145:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 4040:"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" 4016:"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" 3990:"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" 3620: 2643:"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" 2217:

Carroll, Gregory T. and Kirschman, David L. (2022-12-20).

406:. Emission occurs almost exclusively from the leaves, the 197:

The definitions of VOCs used for control of precursors of

5407:

Examples of product labels with low VOC emission criteria

2531:"THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981" 1608:

New buildings experience particularly high levels of VOC

5200: 5198: 4215:

Ahn, Kangmo; Kim, Jihyun; Kim, Ji-Yun (February 2019).

3370:

Weschler, Charles J.; Carslaw, Nicola (March 6, 2018).

5397:

EPA New England: Ground-level Ozone (Smog) Information

238:

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

5207:"Human exhaled air analytics: Biomarkers of diseases" 3490:

Jones, A.P. (1999). "Indoor air quality and health".

2017:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

391:. The strong odor emitted by many plants consists of 166:

in 1981, amended in 1987, to address concerns about

8066: 8032: 7959: 7863: 7711: 7214: 6900: 6762: 6613: 6562: 6511: 6478: 6311: 6250: 6212: 6194: 5994: 5929: 5866: 5792: 5761: 5726: 5710: 5675: 5468: 4873:

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

3150:Yeoman, Amber M.; Lewis, Alastair C. (2021-04-22). 4506: 4504: 5141:Ellis, Andrew M.; Mayhew, Christopher A. (2014). 4108:Phillips, M; Greenberg, J; Awad, J (1994-11-01). 387:, which often help organisms in defense, such as 3523: 3521: 2545:"Air Pollution in IndiaClean Air India Movement" 2132:of these molecules. Currently, several national 60:VOCs are responsible for the odor of scents and 3316: 3314: 3264: 3262: 2509:"国务院关于印发打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划的通知(国发〔2018〕22号)_政府信息公开专栏" 1474:(1.42 × 10 kg, or 142 billion kg) of 3828:"indoor-air-comfort.com – Eurofins Scientific" 3676:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 3327:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 3275:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 3118:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 3030:Goldstein, Allen H.; Galbally, Ian E. (2007). 2576:"CARB regulations on VOC in consumer products" 6740: 5437: 3994:United States Environmental Protection Agency 3565: 3563: 1601:to produce other VOCs, such as formaldehyde. 1440: 230:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 164:Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 8: 5373:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4468:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3084:Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere 2279:Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere 1810:. Some VOCs are suspected or known to cause 49:. High vapor pressure correlates with a low 2080:Chemical fingerprinting and breath analysis 371:, biological sources emit an estimated 760 207:South Coast Air Quality Management District 7507:High efficiency glandless circulating pump 6756:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning 6747: 6733: 6725: 5444: 5430: 5422: 5169:International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 4329:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 4221:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 3615: 3613: 3611: 3528:Wang, S.; Ang, H. M.; Tade, M. O. (2007). 1984:, unlike the remainder of the population. 1447: 1433: 1337: 463: 441: 5360:1983/f9d95320-dcc6-48d1-a58a-bf310a536b9c 5358: 5348: 5298: 5222: 4997: 4995: 4939: 4785: 4725: 4707: 4655: 4593: 4528: 4340: 4299: 4281: 4232: 4141: 3921: 3880: 3687: 3591: 3462: 3338: 3286: 3216: 3167: 3077: 3075: 3055: 2694: 2684: 2272: 2270: 2250: 7941:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation 3966:"Basic Information about Ozone | US EPA" 271: 6585:Pollutant release and transfer register 5041:Who Says Alcohol and Benzene Don't Mix? 4758:Occupational and Environmental Medicine 4444:EPA,OAR,ORIA,IED, US (18 August 2014). 2654: 2652: 2209: 1862:The presence of VOCs in the air and in 1481:The major source of man-made VOCs are: 1376: 1340: 453: 247: 5366: 5205:Buszewski, B. A.; et al. (2007). 4461: 4171:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 4059:Environmental Science & Technology 3418:from the original on November 15, 2023 3376:Environmental Science & Technology 3247:from the original on September 9, 2015 3036:Environmental Science & Technology 2630:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 1962:Other healthcare environments such as 1900:California Department of Public Health 1790:Health effects include eye, nose, and 1745:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy 7814:Programmable communicating thermostat 4807: 4805: 4747: 4745: 4677: 4675: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4210: 4208: 3156:Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 2784:Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 2489:, European Union Publications Office. 2173:Non-methane volatile organic compound 1848:EPA's National Primary Drinking Water 7: 7936:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing 6675: 5916:Electromagnetic radiation and health 2801:10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045310 1539:use, e.g., cooking oils in Asia and 1525:Compressed aerosol products, mainly 203:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 6691: 6683: 5774:Radium and radon in the environment 4628:Annals of Work Exposures and Health 4517:Annals of Work Exposures and Health 4370:Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2198:Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol 1852:Ministry of Ecology and Environment 675:Radium and radon in the environment 7797:Minimum efficiency reporting value 5329:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 3756:"blue-angel – Eurofins Scientific" 3241:"U.S. EPA IAQ – Organic chemicals" 2582:. Eurofins Scientific. 2016-08-19. 2469:The VOC solvent emission directive 1663:Regulation of indoor VOC emissions 25: 7839:Standard temperature and pressure 7552:Packaged terminal air conditioner 7088:Passive daytime radiative cooling 6817:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle 4566:Journal of Public Health Research 3471:from the original on May 23, 2023 2665:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2011:Principle and measurement methods 1719:, GuT (textile floor coverings), 6908:Absorption-compression heat pump 6709: 6699: 6690: 6682: 6674: 6662: 6661: 4818:Science of the Total Environment 4382:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02448.x 3923:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00393.x 3882:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00478.x 2712:Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 2519:from the original on 2019-03-09. 2312:Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2193:VOC contamination of groundwater 2066:time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1414: 1402: 250: 7803:Normal temperature and pressure 7183:Vapor-compression refrigeration 5488:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 4838:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144273 3720:"emicode – Eurofins Scientific" 1631:Indoor air-quality measurements 495:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 389:plant defense against herbivory 160:Central Pollution Control Board 5402:VOC emissions and calculations 5116:Trends in Analytical Chemistry 3464:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119598 3169:10.1525/elementa.2020.20.00177 2696:11858/00-001M-0000-0023-F4FB-B 2457:Industrial Emissions Directive 2108:Metrology for VOC measurements 2096:. Chemical fingerprinting and 2088:to test for diseases, such as 1886:Limit values for VOC emissions 1492:, a relatively inert compound. 1478:per year in the form of VOCs. 1364:Least polluted cities by PM2.5 211:California Air Resources Board 135:Industrial Emissions Directive 1: 7951:Testing, adjusting, balancing 7895:Building information modeling 7890:Building services engineering 7467:Ground-coupled heat exchanger 6995:Demand controlled ventilation 6943:Building insulation materials 5976:Electrical resistance heating 5077:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110213 4885:10.1080/10934529.2019.1637206 4114:Journal of Clinical Pathology 3584:10.1080/14733315.2018.1435026 3512:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00272-1 3127:10.1002/14356007.a18_359.pub2 2931:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.02.006 2896:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.12.005 2367:10.1126/science.291.5511.2141 2324:10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00251-0 2118:national metrology institutes 2042:, GCs are also effective for 835:Electrical resistance heating 84:, while others are target of 7512:High-pressure cut-off switch 7063:Ice storage air conditioning 6984:Dedicated outdoor air system 5628:Persistent organic pollutant 5300:10.1097/JTO.0b013e31817c7439 5287:Journal of Thoracic Oncology 4978:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.069 4709:10.1371/journal.pone.0055535 4283:10.1371/journal.pone.0039817 4183:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.108 3846:"cdph – Eurofins Scientific" 3546:10.1016/j.envint.2007.02.011 3218:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107611 2767:10.1016/j.cropro.2017.12.022 2594:"Definitions of VOC and ROG" 2277:Koppmann, Ralf, ed. (2007). 2068:have been reported to reach 1647:(DNPH) and then analyzed by 545:Persistent organic pollutant 419:class of compounds, such as 7855:Thermostatic radiator valve 7657:Thermostatic radiator valve 7168:Underfloor air distribution 7103:Radiant heating and cooling 7021:Energy recovery ventilation 6933:Automobile air conditioning 6797:Domestic energy consumption 6638:Least polluted cities by PM 5065:Food Research International 5020:10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00088 4966:Journal of Chromatography A 3964:EPA,OAR, US (29 May 2015). 3951:September 28, 2011, at the 3243:. Epa.gov. August 5, 2010. 2094:environmental tobacco smoke 2005:Solid-phase microextraction 1910:VOCs in healthcare settings 1749:Substance-induced psychosis 244:Biologically generated VOCs 8191: 8004:Institute of Refrigeration 7885:Architectural technologist 7357:Electrostatic precipitator 6580:Pollution haven hypothesis 6503:Brain health and pollution 5741:Ecological light pollution 5571:Internal combustion engine 5260:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.023 5189:10.1016/j.ijms.2014.05.004 5128:10.1016/j.trac.2011.04.005 4941:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.07.015 4342:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.036 4234:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.402 4014:US EPA, OAR (2014-08-18). 3738:"m1 – Eurofins Scientific" 2628:("Superfund") law and the 2040:electron capture detectors 1964:nursing and age care homes 1742: 1554: 434:and other plant hormones. 147:People's Republic of China 31:Volatile organic compounds 8057:Volatile organic compound 7916:Environmental engineering 7880:Architectural engineering 7682:Ultra-low particulate air 7267:Automatic balancing valve 7195:Variable refrigerant flow 7047:Heat recovery ventilation 6990:Deep water source cooling 6659: 6383:Nonpoint source pollution 6303:War and environmental law 5662:Volatile organic compound 5459: 5211:Biomedical Chromatography 4770:10.1136/oemed-2014-102080 3534:Environment International 3197:Environment International 3001:10.1007/s00425-004-1404-5 2444:February 7, 2009, at the 2163:Criteria air contaminants 2036:flame ionization detector 1870:and toluene downregulate 1090:War and environmental law 710:Health effects from noise 560:Volatile organic compound 240:while being transported. 209:in California and by the 8104:Template:Home automation 7926:Kitchen exhaust cleaning 7622:Solar-assisted heat pump 7222:Air conditioner inverter 7001:Displacement ventilation 6892:Vapour pressure of water 6877:Thermal destratification 5842:Marine mammals and sonar 5753:Radio spectrum pollution 2686:10.5194/acp-14-9317-2014 2580:Consumer Product Testing 2549:Clean Air India Movement 2235:10.1021/acsomega.2c05570 1798:, loss of coordination, 1639:(for VOCs and SVOCs) or 715:Marine mammals and sonar 18:Non-methane hydrocarbons 8099:World Refrigeration Day 7946:Refrigerant reclamation 7875:Architectural acoustics 7819:Programmable thermostat 7751:Clean air delivery rate 7647:Thermal expansion valve 7562:Pressurisation ductwork 7472:Ground source heat pump 6913:Absorption refrigerator 6688:WikiProject Environment 6646:Most polluted countries 6590:Polluter pays principle 6321:Agricultural wastewater 5350:10.5194/amt-8-2715-2015 5281:Mazzone, P. J. (2008). 5046:April 15, 2008, at the 5008:ACS Infectious Diseases 4426:(in German). 2013-04-08 3863:Mendell, M. J. (2007). 3492:Atmospheric Environment 3443:Atmospheric Environment 3396:10.1021/acs.est.7b06387 3121:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2919:Trends in Plant Science 2884:Trends in Plant Science 2732:10.1023/A:1006127516791 2410:10.1126/science.1118446 2046:such as chlorocarbons. 1844:methyl tert-butyl ether 1581:when oil is heated and 1470:sources emit about 142 1190:Freshwater salinization 1110:Agricultural wastewater 86:administrative controls 8089:Glossary of HVAC terms 8051:Sick building syndrome 7931:Mechanical engineering 7642:Smoke exhaust ductwork 7073:Mixed-mode ventilation 6706:Environment portal 5939:Agricultural pollution 4578:10.4081/jphr.2021.1993 4484:"Before You Buy Paint" 4126:10.1136/jcp.47.11.1052 3832:Indoor-air-comfort.com 3810:"EU Ecolable homepage" 3792:"Nordic Swan Ecolabel" 3572:Int. J. Of Ventilation 2966:10.1002/cssc.200900186 2102:chemical sensor arrays 1872:antimicrobial peptides 1808:central nervous system 1504:aliphatic hydrocarbons 1464: 1409:Environment portal 284:amount emitted (Tg/y) 281:relative contribution 194: 174:), sulphur dioxide (SO 168:air pollution in India 162:of India released the 8109:Template:Solar energy 7787:Intelligent buildings 7746:Carbon dioxide sensor 7133:Room air distribution 6953:Central solar heating 6361:Industrial wastewater 6227:Clutter (advertising) 6135:Municipal solid waste 5981:Soil guideline values 5825:Sustainable transport 5718:Information pollution 5518:Open burning of waste 4640:10.1093/annweh/wxy055 4572:(1): jphr.2021.1993. 4530:10.1093/annweh/wxz059 3092:10.1002/9780470988657 2287:10.1002/9780470988657 1707:(TEK regulation) and 1571:carbonless copy paper 1462: 1150:Industrial wastewater 918:Municipal solid waste 840:Soil guideline values 438:Anthropogenic sources 385:secondary metabolites 236:are regulated by the 189: 8175:Indoor air pollution 7911:Duct leakage testing 7901:Deep energy retrofit 7845:Thermographic camera 7782:Infrared thermometer 7257:Air source heat pump 7206:Water heat recycling 6772:Air changes per hour 6633:Most polluted cities 6326:Biological pollution 6237:Overhead power lines 5248:Clinica Chimica Acta 4928:Respiratory Medicine 4488:Consumer Information 2484:The Paints Directive 1977:endocrine-disrupting 1818:, declines in serum 1673:dimethylpolysiloxane 1359:Most polluted cities 1011:Overhead power lines 393:green leaf volatiles 273:Major biogenic VOCs 7777:HVAC control system 7767:Home energy monitor 7741:Building automation 7527:Inverter compressor 7189:Variable air volume 7098:Passive ventilation 7068:Kitchen ventilation 6968:Constant air volume 6938:Autonomous building 6696:WikiProject Ecology 6393:Ocean acidification 6298:Unexploded ordnance 6169:Post-consumer waste 6029:Foam food container 6007:Biodegradable waste 5581:Global distillation 5341:2015AMT.....8.2715H 5181:2014IJMSp.368....1S 4830:2021ScTEn.765n4273R 4700:2013PLoSO...855535B 4274:2012PLoSO...739817B 4071:2007EnST...41.1662K 3796:nordic-ecolabel.org 3504:1999AtmEn..33.4535J 3455:2023AtmEn.29719598C 3388:2018EnST...52.2419W 3209:2022EnInt.17007611Y 3048:2007EnST...41.1514G 2853:10.1038/nature06870 2845:2008Natur.452..737L 2724:1999JAtC...33...23K 2677:2014ACP....14.9317S 2402:2006Sci...311..812B 2359:2001Sci...291.2141K 2353:(5511): 2141–2144. 2229:(50): 46640–46645. 1804:damage to the liver 1767:Some VOCs, such as 1175:Ocean acidification 1085:Unexploded ordnance 1006:Advertising clutter 938:Post-consumer waste 883:Foam food container 868:Biodegradable waste 525:Global distillation 274: 234:hazardous materials 8040:Indoor air quality 7984:ASTM International 7921:Hydronic balancing 7698:Wood-burning stove 7577:Radiator reflector 7362:Evaporative cooler 7173:Underfloor heating 7158:Thermal insulation 6716:Ecology portal 6600:Waste minimisation 6575:Industrial ecology 6570:Cleaner production 6388:Nutrient pollution 6265:Herbicidal warfare 6059:Construction waste 5695:Introduced species 5566:Indoor air quality 5493:Chlorofluorocarbon 4042:. EPA. 2017-04-19. 3689:10.1039/D0EM00504E 3372:"Indoor Chemistry" 3340:10.1039/D3EM00439B 3288:10.1039/D3EM00167A 2645:. EPA. 2016-09-07. 2614:. EPA. 2016-02-01. 2032:gas chromatography 1988:Analytical methods 1781:tropospheric ozone 1729:Indoor Air Comfort 1669:indoor air quality 1557:Indoor air quality 1498:used in coatings, 1465: 1421:Ecology portal 1046:Herbicidal warfare 590:Introduced species 530:Indoor air quality 500:Chlorofluorocarbon 272: 262:coniferous forests 215:indoor air quality 199:photochemical smog 195: 8135:Organic compounds 8117: 8116: 8033:Health and safety 7612:Scroll compressor 7567:Process duct work 7322:Convection heater 7317:Condensing boiler 7247:Air-mixing plenum 7143:Solar combisystem 6979:Cross ventilation 6782:Building envelope 6722: 6721: 6595:Pollution control 6275:Nuclear holocaust 6184:Thermal treatment 6152:Plastic pollution 6069:Mercury poisoning 6022:Battery recycling 5921:Radioactive waste 5690:Genetic pollution 5685:Biological hazard 5483:Air quality index 5152:978-1-405-17668-2 4934:(10): 1598–1607. 4879:(12): 1153–1158. 4335:(1): 355–358.e5. 4120:(11): 1052–1053. 4079:10.1021/es062362y 3057:10.1021/es072476p 2839:(7188): 737–740. 2671:(17): 9317–9341. 2565:EPA-452/F-03-022. 2396:(5762): 812–815. 2183:Trichloroethylene 2168:Fugitive emission 2058:mass spectrometry 2056:Direct injection 2051:mass spectrometry 1858:Dermal absorption 1792:throat irritation 1775:, can react with 1599:hydroxyl radicals 1567:correction fluids 1457: 1456: 1392: 1391: 1058:Nuclear holocaust 981:Urban heat island 795:Radioactive waste 580:Biological hazard 490:Air quality index 354: 353: 191:Thermal oxidizers 88:because of their 41:that have a high 39:organic compounds 16:(Redirected from 8182: 8170:Chemical hazards 8130:Building biology 8079:Building science 7834:Smart thermostat 7829:Room temperature 7412:Fireplace insert 7118:Radon mitigation 7016:Electric heating 7011:District heating 7006:District cooling 6923:Air conditioning 6749: 6742: 6735: 6726: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6704: 6703: 6694: 6693: 6686: 6685: 6678: 6677: 6665: 6664: 6539:Legacy pollution 6398:Oil exploitation 6260:Chemical warfare 6174:Waste management 6081:Industrial waste 6049:Biomedical waste 6017:Electronic waste 6002:Advertising mail 5986:Phytoremediation 5961:Land degradation 5746:Overillumination 5700:Invasive species 5446: 5439: 5432: 5423: 5379: 5378: 5372: 5364: 5362: 5352: 5335:(7): 2715–2736. 5319: 5313: 5312: 5302: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5226: 5202: 5193: 5192: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5122:(7): 1003–1017. 5111: 5105: 5104: 5056: 5050: 5038: 5032: 5031: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4943: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4809: 4800: 4799: 4789: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4729: 4711: 4679: 4670: 4669: 4659: 4619: 4608: 4607: 4597: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4532: 4508: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4467: 4459: 4457: 4456: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4344: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4303: 4285: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4236: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4145: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4065:(5): 1662–1667. 4050: 4044: 4043: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 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2552: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2481: 2475: 2466: 2460: 2459:, article 3(45). 2454: 2448: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2274: 2265: 2264: 2254: 2214: 2178:Organic compound 2070:detection limits 1520:aqueous solvents 1449: 1442: 1435: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1407: 1406: 1338: 1041:Chemical warfare 943:Waste management 903:Industrial waste 878:Electronic waste 863:Advertising mail 845:Phytoremediation 820:Land degradation 760:Depleted uranium 645:Overillumination 595:Invasive species 467: 457: 442: 432:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 363:, alcohols, and 275: 254: 90:recreational use 47:room temperature 21: 8190: 8189: 8185: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8120: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8074:ASHRAE Handbook 8062: 8046:Passive smoking 8028: 7961: 7955: 7867: 7865: 7859: 7713: 7707: 7688:Whole-house fan 7602:Run-around coil 7597:Reversing valve 7542:Mechanical room 7532:Kerosene heater 7522:Infrared heater 7452:Gasoline heater 7392:Fan filter unit 7307:Condensate pump 7292:Centrifugal fan 7210: 7113:Radiant heating 7108:Radiant cooling 7083:Passive cooling 7078:Microgeneration 6948:Central heating 6896: 6872:Thermal comfort 6764: 6758: 6753: 6723: 6718: 6710: 6708: 6698: 6655: 6641: 6609: 6558: 6507: 6474: 6413:Pharmaceuticals 6403:Oil exploration 6307: 6279:Nuclear fallout 6246: 6208: 6190: 6164:Packaging waste 6118:Deep sea mining 6044:Hazardous waste 5990: 5971:Open defecation 5925: 5891:Nuclear fallout 5886:Nuclear fission 5862: 5788: 5757: 5728:Electromagnetic 5722: 5706: 5671: 5591:Ozone depletion 5464: 5455: 5450: 5388: 5383: 5382: 5365: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5224:10.1002/bmc.835 5204: 5203: 5196: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5153: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5048:Wayback Machine 5039: 5035: 5014:(10): 695–710. 5001: 5000: 4993: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4866: 4865: 4861: 4811: 4810: 4803: 4751: 4750: 4743: 4681: 4680: 4673: 4621: 4620: 4611: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4510: 4509: 4502: 4493: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4460: 4454: 4452: 4443: 4442: 4438: 4429: 4427: 4424:Umweltbundesamt 4418: 4417: 4413: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4024: 4022: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3999: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3972: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3953:Wayback Machine 3943: 3939: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3619: 3618: 3609: 3569: 3568: 3561: 3527: 3526: 3519: 3498:(28): 4535–64. 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3320: 3319: 3312: 3268: 3267: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3081: 3080: 3073: 3029: 3028: 3024: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2960:(12): 1072–95. 2951: 2950: 2946: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2755:Crop Protection 2752: 2751: 2747: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2658: 2657: 2650: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2623: 2619: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2560: 2556: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2498:eBeijing.gov.cn 2497: 2493: 2482: 2478: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2446:Wayback Machine 2437: 2433: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2276: 2275: 2268: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2188:Vapor intrusion 2154: 2110: 2098:breath analysis 2082: 2074:mass resolution 2013: 1995: 1990: 1969:carcinogenicity 1912: 1888: 1860: 1832: 1777:nitrogen oxides 1751: 1741: 1665: 1633: 1593:, alcohols and 1559: 1553: 1453: 1415: 1413: 1401: 1394: 1393: 1293: 1285: 1284: 1258: 1250: 1249: 1185:Pharmaceuticals 1165:Nonpoint source 1105: 1095: 1094: 1063:Nuclear fallout 1036: 1026: 1025: 996: 986: 985: 976: 966: 965: 956: 948: 947: 933:Packaging waste 898:Hazardous waste 858: 850: 849: 810: 800: 799: 770:Nuclear fallout 765:Nuclear fission 745: 735: 734: 700: 690: 689: 665: 657: 656: 630: 628:Electromagnetic 620: 619: 610: 602: 601: 575: 565: 564: 535:Ozone depletion 480: 470: 455: 440: 413: 265: 255: 246: 224:In addition to 184: 177: 173: 156: 143: 118: 106: 98: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8188: 8186: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8122: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8070: 8068: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8060: 8054: 8048: 8043: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7965: 7963: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7871: 7869: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7824:Psychrometrics 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7721:Air flow meter 7717: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7497:Heating system 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7477:Heat exchanger 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7442:Gas compressor 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7377:Expansion tank 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7297:Ceramic heater 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7138:Solar air heat 7135: 7130: 7128:Renewable heat 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7044: 7039: 7037:Forced-air gas 7034: 7029: 7024: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6992: 6987: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6894: 6889: 6887:Thermodynamics 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6857:Psychrometrics 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6812:Gas compressor 6809: 6807:Fluid dynamics 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6768: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6729: 6720: 6719: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6630: 6628:Law by country 6625: 6619: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6450:Surface runoff 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6336:Eutrophication 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6293:Scorched earth 6290: 6287:nuclear winter 6283:nuclear famine 6272: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6218: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6149: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6128:Uranium mining 6125: 6120: 6115: 6113:Surface mining 6110: 6105: 6095: 6090: 6089: 6088: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6064:Lead poisoning 6061: 6056: 6054:Chemical waste 6051: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5966:Bioremediation 5963: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5935: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5881:Bioremediation 5878: 5872: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5834: 5829: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802:Transportation 5798: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5732: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5576:Global dimming 5573: 5568: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5547:Diesel exhaust 5539: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5417:VOCs in Paints 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5387: 5386:External links 5384: 5381: 5380: 5314: 5293:(7): 774–780. 5273: 5254:(1–2): 25–39. 5238: 5217:(6): 553–566. 5194: 5158: 5151: 5133: 5106: 5051: 5033: 4991: 4955: 4914: 4859: 4801: 4764:(9): 642–650. 4741: 4671: 4634:(7): 852–870. 4609: 4552: 4500: 4475: 4436: 4411: 4376:(3): 338–345. 4356: 4315: 4248: 4204: 4157: 4100: 4045: 4031: 4006: 3981: 3956: 3937: 3896: 3855: 3837: 3819: 3801: 3783: 3765: 3747: 3729: 3711: 3682:(5): 699–713. 3662: 3637: 3607: 3578:(3): 153–166. 3559: 3540:(5): 694–705. 3517: 3482: 3429: 3362: 3333:(2): 436–450. 3310: 3258: 3232: 3183: 3142: 3135: 3107: 3100: 3071: 3042:(5): 1514–21. 3022: 2979: 2944: 2909: 2890:(3): 133–144. 2874: 2822: 2793:Annual Reviews 2772: 2745: 2702: 2648: 2634: 2617: 2602: 2585: 2567: 2554: 2536: 2522: 2500: 2491: 2476: 2461: 2449: 2431: 2380: 2337: 2318:(3): 237–243. 2302: 2295: 2266: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2158:Aroma compound 2153: 2150: 2109: 2106: 2081: 2078: 2012: 2009: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1911: 1908: 1887: 1884: 1859: 1856: 1831: 1828: 1820:cholinesterase 1806:, kidney, and 1762:immune effects 1740: 1737: 1664: 1661: 1632: 1629: 1591:sesquiterpenes 1552: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1534: 1523: 1493: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1423: 1411: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1354:Law by country 1351: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1265: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1225:Surface runoff 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1125:Eutrophication 1122: 1117: 1112: 1106: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1080:Scorched earth 1077: 1076: 1075: 1073:Nuclear winter 1070: 1068:Nuclear famine 1065: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1043: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 997: 992: 991: 988: 987: 984: 983: 977: 972: 971: 968: 967: 964: 963: 957: 954: 953: 950: 949: 946: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 859: 856: 855: 852: 851: 848: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 825:Bioremediation 822: 817: 811: 806: 805: 802: 801: 798: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 755:Bioremediation 752: 746: 741: 740: 737: 736: 733: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 705:Transportation 701: 696: 695: 692: 691: 688: 687: 682: 677: 672: 666: 663: 662: 659: 658: 655: 654: 652:Radio spectrum 649: 648: 647: 642: 631: 626: 625: 622: 621: 618: 617: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 600: 599: 598: 597: 587: 582: 576: 571: 570: 567: 566: 563: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 520:Global dimming 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 481: 476: 475: 472: 471: 468: 460: 459: 451: 450: 439: 436: 411: 352: 351: 348: 345: 339: 338: 335: 332: 330:sesquiterpenes 326: 325: 322: 319: 312: 311: 308: 305: 299: 298: 295: 292: 286: 285: 282: 279: 267: 266: 256: 249: 245: 242: 226:drinking water 183: 180: 175: 171: 155: 152: 142: 139: 122:European Union 117: 116:European Union 114: 105: 102: 97: 94: 43:vapor pressure 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8187: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8165:Air pollution 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8065: 8058: 8055: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8031: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7962:organizations 7958: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7906:Duct cleaning 7904: 7902: 7899: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7862: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7801: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7757:Control valve 7755: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7677:Turning vanes 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7652:Thermal wheel 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7617:Solar chimney 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7387:Fan coil unit 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7332:Cooling tower 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7178:Vapor barrier 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7153:Solar heating 7151: 7149: 7148:Solar cooling 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7123:Refrigeration 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7093:Passive house 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6963:Chilled water 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6862:Sensible heat 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6842:Noise control 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6822:Heat transfer 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6745: 6743: 6738: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6727: 6717: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6689: 6681: 6672: 6668: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6470:Water quality 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6232:Traffic signs 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6157:Microplastics 6155: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6147:Nanomaterials 6145: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6087: 6086:Lead smelting 6084: 6083: 6082: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5906:Radioactivity 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5858:Noise control 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5606:Metal working 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5458: 5454: 5447: 5442: 5440: 5435: 5433: 5428: 5427: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5376: 5370: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5318: 5315: 5310: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5201: 5199: 5195: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5162: 5159: 5154: 5148: 5144: 5137: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5037: 5034: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4972:(1–2): 9–18. 4971: 4967: 4959: 4956: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4863: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4694:(2): e55535. 4693: 4689: 4685: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4476: 4471: 4465: 4451: 4447: 4440: 4437: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4360: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4268:(7): e39817. 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4046: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4021: 4017: 4010: 4007: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3900: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3875:(4): 259–77. 3874: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3779: 3778:gut-prodis.eu 3775: 3769: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3666: 3663: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3483: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3430: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3246: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3111: 3108: 3103: 3101:9780470988657 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2826: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2776: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2613: 2606: 2603: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2439:Health Canada 2435: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2296:9780470988657 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2213: 2210: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1733:United States 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1699:(AgBB/DIBt), 1698: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1614: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1558: 1550: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1512:glycol ethers 1509: 1508:ethyl acetate 1505: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1468:Anthropogenic 1461: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1412: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1254: 1253: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1240:Water quality 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1016:Traffic signs 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 998: 995: 990: 989: 982: 979: 978: 975: 970: 969: 962: 959: 958: 952: 951: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 923:Nanomaterials 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 860: 854: 853: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 812: 809: 804: 803: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 785:Radioactivity 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 747: 744: 739: 738: 731: 730:Soundproofing 728: 726: 725:Noise control 723: 721: 720:Noise barrier 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 702: 699: 694: 693: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 667: 661: 660: 653: 650: 646: 643: 641: 638: 637: 636: 633: 632: 629: 624: 623: 616: 613: 612: 606: 605: 596: 593: 592: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 577: 574: 569: 568: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 482: 479: 474: 473: 466: 462: 461: 458: 452: 448: 444: 443: 437: 435: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 409: 405: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 349: 346: 344: 341: 340: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 323: 320: 317: 314: 313: 309: 306: 304: 301: 300: 296: 293: 291: 288: 287: 283: 280: 277: 276: 270: 263: 259: 253: 248: 243: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 222: 218: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 192: 188: 182:United States 181: 179: 169: 165: 161: 153: 151: 148: 140: 138: 136: 131: 127: 123: 115: 113: 110: 109:Health Canada 103: 101: 95: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 74:Anthropogenic 71: 67: 63: 58: 56: 52: 51:boiling point 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 19: 8084:Fireproofing 8056: 7868:and services 7864:Professions, 7762:Gas detector 7662:Trickle vent 7637:Smoke damper 7632:Smoke canopy 7627:Space heater 7557:Plenum space 7492:Heating film 7372:Exhaust hood 7342:Dehumidifier 7282:Blast damper 7277:Barrier pipe 7252:Air purifier 7163:Thermosiphon 7042:Free cooling 6958:Chilled beam 6882:Thermal mass 6867:Stack effect 6852:Particulates 6832:Infiltration 6763:Fundamental 6549:Point source 6491:Heavy metals 6465:Urban runoff 6445:Sulfur water 6423:Septic tanks 6269:Agent Orange 6123:Mining waste 5949:Manure waste 5779:Volcanic ash 5661: 5655:Black carbon 5611:Oil refining 5596:Particulates 5525:Construction 5369:cite journal 5332: 5328: 5317: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5214: 5210: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5142: 5136: 5119: 5115: 5109: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5036: 5011: 5007: 4969: 4965: 4958: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4821: 4817: 4761: 4757: 4691: 4687: 4631: 4627: 4569: 4565: 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Retrieved 4490:. 2012-10-09 4487: 4478: 4453:. Retrieved 4449: 4439: 4428:. Retrieved 4423: 4414: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4227:(2): AB132. 4224: 4220: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4062: 4058: 4048: 4034: 4023:. Retrieved 4019: 4009: 3998:. Retrieved 3996:. 2014-08-18 3993: 3984: 3973:. Retrieved 3969: 3959: 3940: 3913: 3909: 3899: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3850:Eurofins.com 3849: 3840: 3831: 3822: 3814:ec.europa.eu 3813: 3804: 3795: 3786: 3777: 3768: 3760:Eurofins.com 3759: 3750: 3742:Eurofins.com 3741: 3732: 3724:Eurofins.com 3723: 3714: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3653:. Retrieved 3649: 3640: 3628:. Retrieved 3624: 3575: 3571: 3537: 3533: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3473:. Retrieved 3446: 3442: 3432: 3420:. Retrieved 3379: 3375: 3365: 3330: 3326: 3278: 3274: 3249:. Retrieved 3235: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3162:(1): 00177. 3159: 3155: 3145: 3116: 3110: 3083: 3039: 3035: 3025: 2995:(6): 900–9. 2992: 2988: 2982: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2925:(4): 180–6. 2922: 2918: 2912: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2788: 2782: 2775: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2718:(1): 23–88. 2715: 2711: 2705: 2668: 2664: 2637: 2620: 2605: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2557: 2548: 2539: 2525: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2486: 2479: 2471: 2464: 2452: 2434: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2278: 2226: 2222: 2212: 2138:traceability 2126:formaldehyde 2122:monoterpenes 2111: 2083: 2055: 2048: 2044:organohalide 2029: 2014: 1996: 1973:mutagenicity 1961: 1945: 1921: 1913: 1889: 1868:formaldehyde 1861: 1833: 1824: 1789: 1766: 1752: 1739:Health risks 1691: 1684: 1677: 1666: 1634: 1625: 1617: 1615: 1607: 1603: 1587:monoterpenes 1560: 1480: 1466: 1328:Point source 1273:Heavy metals 1235:Urban runoff 1220:Sulfur water 1195:Septic tanks 1051:Agent Orange 961:Space debris 815:Agricultural 680:Volcanic ash 559: 540:Particulates 428:Pennsylvania 425: 404:biosynthesis 401: 355: 268: 223: 219: 201:used by the 196: 157: 144: 119: 107: 99: 59: 34: 30: 29: 8094:Warm Spaces 7736:Blower door 7714:and control 7712:Measurement 7693:Windcatcher 7667:Trombe wall 7607:Sail switch 7587:Refrigerant 7582:Recuperator 7457:Grease duct 7417:Freeze stat 7402:Fire damper 7272:Back boiler 7242:Air ionizer 7237:Air handler 7201:Ventilation 7053:Hybrid heat 6918:Air barrier 6837:Latent heat 6519:Area source 6428:Pit latrine 6351:Groundwater 6108:Gold mining 6103:Coal mining 6074:Toxic waste 6039:Green waste 6012:Brown waste 5995:Solid waste 5542:Exhaust gas 4523:(9): 1041. 4177:: 645–653. 3916:(1): 7–19. 3774:"GuT-label" 2954:ChemSusChem 2795:: 113–140. 2761:: 125–131. 2090:lung cancer 1928:isopropanol 1864:groundwater 1754:Respiratory 1725:EU Ecolabel 1721:Nordic Swan 1687:-hexadecane 1610:off-gassing 1551:Indoor VOCs 1486:Fossil fuel 1298:Area source 1140:Groundwater 893:Green waste 873:Brown waste 857:Solid waste 615:Information 510:Exhaust gas 397:nanosensors 137:from 2013. 96:Definitions 70:environment 64:as well as 8140:Pollutants 8124:Categories 7850:Thermostat 7772:Humidistat 7703:Zone valve 7672:TurboSwing 7547:Oil heater 7517:Humidifier 7447:Gas heater 7397:Fan heater 7367:Evaporator 7352:Economizer 7327:Compressor 7232:Air filter 7215:Components 7032:Forced-air 6928:Antifreeze 6901:Technology 6847:Outgassing 6787:Convection 6671:by country 6667:Categories 6605:Zero waste 6486:Pollutants 6440:Stagnation 6378:Monitoring 6346:Freshwater 6222:Air travel 6034:Food waste 5954:Pesticides 5944:Herbicides 5848:Industrial 5677:Biological 5537:Demolition 5530:Renovation 5513:Joss paper 5498:Combustion 5071:: 110213. 4824:: 144273. 4494:2018-04-30 4455:2018-04-23 4430:2019-05-24 4025:2019-04-04 4000:2024-05-23 3975:2018-01-23 3910:Indoor Air 3869:Indoor Air 3621:"KEY-VOCs" 3593:10642/6247 3449:: 119598. 3203:: 107611. 3136:3527306730 2624:Under the 2204:References 2130:adsorption 1957:chloroform 1949:d-limonene 1941:2-propanol 1743:See also: 1723:Ecolabel, 1717:Blue Angel 1563:indoor air 1555:See also: 1543:in Brazil. 1541:bioethanol 1385:By country 1377:Categories 1268:Pollutants 1245:Wastewater 1215:Stagnation 1160:Monitoring 1135:Freshwater 1001:Air travel 888:Food waste 830:Defecation 640:Ecological 573:Biological 505:Combustion 445:Part of a 361:terpenoids 66:pollutants 55:volatility 8160:Pollution 7960:Industry 7809:OpenTherm 7487:Heat pump 7482:Heat pipe 7432:Fume hood 7407:Fireplace 7312:Condenser 7262:Attic fan 7058:Hydronics 6563:Responses 6534:Garbology 6460:Turbidity 6408:Oil spill 6341:Firewater 6242:Vandalism 6204:Satellite 5901:Poisoning 5896:Plutonium 5876:Actinides 5868:Radiation 5616:Wood dust 5478:Acid rain 5453:Pollution 5101:232407164 5085:0963-9969 4909:195807320 4893:1093-4529 4854:230782257 4778:1351-0711 4718:1932-6203 4648:2398-7308 4586:2279-9036 4539:2398-7308 4390:0954-7894 4292:1932-6203 4134:0021-9746 4087:0013-936X 3698:2050-7887 3475:April 11, 3422:April 11, 3404:0013-936X 3349:2050-7887 3297:2050-7887 3178:2325-1026 2809:1936-1327 2243:2470-1343 2223:ACS Omega 2148:program. 2134:metrology 2086:biomarker 1880:filaggrin 1830:Ingestion 1796:headaches 1731:. In the 1575:aldehydes 1472:teragrams 1313:Garbology 1230:Turbidity 1180:Oil spill 1130:Firewater 1115:Biosolids 1021:Vandalism 780:Poisoning 775:Plutonium 750:Actinides 743:Radiation 485:Acid rain 456:Pollution 373:teragrams 365:carbonyls 324:48.7±0.8 278:compound 8155:Perfumes 8067:See also 7792:LonWorks 7726:Aquastat 7592:Register 7572:Radiator 7227:Air door 7027:Firestop 6827:Humidity 6802:Enthalpy 6792:Dilution 6777:Bake-out 6765:concepts 6651:Treaties 6623:Diseases 6435:Shipping 6331:Diseases 6179:Landfill 5854:Abstract 5851:Military 5784:Wildfire 5633:Smelting 5601:Asbestos 5309:18594325 5268:15313139 5233:17431933 5093:33773687 5044:Archived 5028:28870074 4986:14870711 4950:23920330 4901:31274053 4846:33401060 4796:25011549 4736:23393590 4688:PLOS ONE 4666:29931140 4604:33849259 4547:31665213 4464:cite web 4406:23522130 4398:16499645 4351:27498358 4310:22802943 4262:PLOS ONE 4243:86509634 4199:52821729 4191:30243211 4095:17396657 3949:Archived 3932:16420493 3891:17661923 3706:34037627 3655:24 April 3630:23 April 3625:KEY-VOCs 3602:56370102 3554:17376530 3469:Archived 3416:Archived 3412:29402076 3357:38258874 3305:37609942 3251:March 2, 3245:Archived 3227:36335895 3066:17396635 3017:21739942 3009:15599762 2974:20013989 2939:15063868 2904:20097116 2861:18401407 2817:28605605 2740:94021819 2517:Archived 2442:Archived 2418:16469918 2375:11251117 2332:11960742 2261:36570243 2152:See also 2114:SI units 1993:Sampling 1982:o-xylene 1953:α-pinene 1904:colorant 1773:limonene 1758:allergic 1619:bake-out 1583:terpenes 1496:Solvents 1369:Treaties 1349:Diseases 1205:Shipping 1170:Nutrient 1120:Diseases 685:Wildfire 381:isoprene 357:Biogenic 343:methanol 318:isomers 303:terpenes 290:isoprene 258:Limonene 130:Solvents 126:creosote 82:pharmacy 62:perfumes 8150:Flavors 7866:trades, 7437:Furnace 7302:Chiller 6974:Coolant 6680:Commons 6455:Thermal 6356:Hypoxia 6140:Garbage 5911:Uranium 5762:Natural 5711:Digital 5643:Aerosol 5621:Welding 5508:Biomass 5503:Biofuel 5462:History 5337:Bibcode 5177:Bibcode 5175:: 1–5. 4826:Bibcode 4787:4591534 4727:3564763 4696:Bibcode 4657:6248410 4595:8018262 4301:3389035 4270:Bibcode 4152:7829686 4067:Bibcode 3946:CCME.ca 3650:Iso.org 3500:Bibcode 3451:Bibcode 3384:Bibcode 3205:Bibcode 3044:Bibcode 2869:4341546 2841:Bibcode 2720:Bibcode 2673:Bibcode 2487:EUR-Lex 2472:EUR-Lex 2426:9260593 2398:Bibcode 2390:Science 2355:Bibcode 2347:Science 2252:9774396 2021:butanol 1936:acetone 1924:ethanol 1840:toluene 1836:benzene 1816:dyspnea 1769:styrene 1713:EMICODE 1701:Belgium 1697:Germany 1680:-hexane 1645:elution 1579:alkanes 1537:Biofuel 1531:propane 1516:acetone 1263:History 1145:Hypoxia 974:Thermal 928:Plastic 790:Uranium 664:Natural 609:Digital 585:Genetic 421:myrcene 417:terpene 408:stomata 369:methane 297:594±34 8019:SMACNA 7979:ASHRAE 7799:(MERV) 7753:(CADR) 7731:BACnet 7684:(ULPA) 7537:Louver 7462:Grille 7337:Damper 7287:Boiler 7185:(VCRS) 6986:(DOAS) 6544:Midden 6524:Debris 6479:Topics 6418:Sewage 6371:debris 6366:Marine 6214:Visual 6098:Mining 6093:Litter 5586:Mining 5307: 5266: 5231: 5149: 5099: 5091: 5083: 5026: 4984: 4948: 4907: 4899: 4891: 4852: 4844: 4794: 4784: 4776: 4734: 4724: 4716: 4664: 4654: 4646: 4602: 4592: 4584: 4545: 4537: 4450:US EPA 4404: 4396: 4388: 4349: 4308: 4298: 4290: 4241: 4197: 4189: 4150: 4143:503075 4140: 4132: 4093: 4085: 4020:US EPA 3970:US EPA 3930: 3889: 3704: 3696: 3600: 3552: 3410: 3402: 3355: 3347: 3303: 3295: 3225: 3176: 3133: 3098: 3064: 3015: 3007: 2989:Planta 2972: 2937: 2902: 2867: 2859: 2833:Nature 2815: 2807: 2738: 2626:CERCLA 2513:gov.cn 2424: 2416: 2373: 2330: 2293: 2259: 2249: 2241: 2062:PTR-MS 2025:hexane 1975:, and 1934:, and 1917:asthma 1896:AFSSET 1876:Xylene 1842:, and 1812:cancer 1802:; 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