161:
27:
193:
the elderly, and people with cardiorespiratory disease and other chronic illnesses. However, the recommendation regarding risk of exposure to high indoor temperatures is only "conditional". Minimal-risk high temperatures range from about 21 to 30 °C (70 to 86 °F) depending on the region, with maximum acceptable temperatures between 25 and 32 °C (77 and 90 °F).
192:
The WHO's 2018 guidelines give a strong recommendation that a minimum of 18 °C (64 °F) is a "safe and well-balanced indoor temperature to protect the health of general populations during cold seasons". A higher minimum temperature may be necessary for vulnerable groups including children,
188:
in 1987 found that comfortable indoor temperatures of 18–24 °C (64–75 °F) were not associated with health risks for healthy adults with appropriate clothing, humidity, and other factors. For infants, elderly, and those with significant health problems, a minimum of 20 °C (68 °F)
130:
Owing to variations in humidity and (likely) clothing, recommendations for summer and winter may vary; a suggested typical range for summer is 23–25.5 °C (73–78 °F), with that for winter being 20–23.5 °C (68–74 °F). Some studies have suggested that thermal comfort preferences of
92:
Comfort temperature is interchangeable with neutral temperature in the scientific literature, which can be calculated through regression analysis between thermal sensation votes and indoor temperature. The neutral temperature is the solution of the resulting regression model by setting the thermal
534:
134:
In the recent past, it was common for house temperatures to be kept below the comfort level; a 1978 UK study found average indoor home temperatures to be 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) while Japan in 1980 had median home temperatures of 13 °C (55 °F) to 15 °C (59 °F).
138:
Rooms may be maintained at an ambient temperature above the comfort temperature in hot weather, or below it in cold weather, if required by cost considerations or practical issues (e.g. lack of air conditioning or relatively high expense of heating.)
777:: 5 High indoor temperatures / 5.4 Research recommendations / Table 5.2 Research recommendations: high indoor temp / Current state of the evidence / Few high-quality studies have assessed the direct effects of indoor temperature on health..
2262:
892:, the definition of room temperature is between 15 and 30 °C in the United States. However, in the EU, the room temperature is defined as being 15 to 25 °C, while in Japan, it is defined being 1 to 30 °C.
48:, colloquially, denotes the range of air temperatures most people find comfortable indoors while dressed in typical clothing. Comfortable temperatures can be extended beyond this range depending on
116:
show a comfortable temperature range of 26–28 °C (79–82 °F), comfortably cool 24–26 °C (75–79 °F) and comfortably warm 28–30 °C (82–86 °F). A field study conducted in
124:
among healthy young men showed that the neutral thermal comfort temperature was analyzed to be 30.15 °C (86 °F), although a range of 25.9–33.8 °C (79–93 °F) was found.
95:
340:
2212:
2242:
233:
gives as a medical definition a range of 15 to 25 °C (59 to 77 °F) as being suitable for human occupancy, and at which laboratory experiments are usually performed.
2378:
127:
People are highly sensitive to even small differences in environmental temperature. At 24 °C, a difference of 0.38 °C can be detected between the temperature of two rooms.
761:: 4 Low indoor temperatures and insulation / 4.1 Guideline recommendations / ... For countries with temperate or colder climates, 18 °C has been proposed as a safe and ....
242:
71:, of the air (or other medium and surroundings) in any particular place. The ambient temperature (e.g. an unheated room in winter) may be very different from an ideal
2257:
438:
143:
817:
1750:
999:
419:"Assessment of thermal environmental conditions and quantification of thermal adaptation in naturally ventilated buildings in composite climate of India"
189:
was recommended. Temperatures lower than 16 °C (61 °F) with humidity above 65% were associated with respiratory hazards including allergies.
2252:
2184:
2057:
937:
518:
2217:
2179:
279:
910:
381:"Using the adaptive model of thermal comfort for obtaining indoor neutral temperature: Findings from a field study in Hyderabad, India"
229:
defines "ordinary temperature" as 15 to 25 °C (59 to 77 °F), with room temperature being 1 to 30 °C (34 to 86 °F).
2373:
2040:
217:
as between 20 and 25 °C (68 and 77 °F), with excursions between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F) allowed, provided the
205:
for certain products and processes in industry, science, standards, and consumer goods. For instance, for the shipping and storage of
2082:
1795:
1331:
1060:
868:
843:
528:
20:
556:
Beshir, MY; Ramsey, JD (March 1981). "Comparison between male and female subjective estimates of thermal effects and sensations".
318:(3). School of Architecture, Tanri Abeng University, Jalan Swadarma Raya No 58, Pesanggarahan, Jakarta 12250, Indonesia: 802–813.
2388:
1151:
591:
Karjalainen, Sami (April 2007). "Gender differences in thermal comfort and use of thermostats in everyday thermal environments".
2232:
2046:
1426:
990:
120:
returned a comfort band of 26–32.45 °C (79–90 °F) with a mean of 29.23 °C (85 °F). A study conducted in
2194:
2138:
2133:
1710:
1238:
618:
Kingma, Boris; van Marken
Lichtenbelt, Wouter (August 2015). "Energy consumption in buildings and female thermal demand".
741:
2383:
1755:
1306:
1227:
1186:
787:
112:
have shown that the range of comfortable temperature is 24–29 °C (75–84 °F) for local residents. Studies from
30:
2098:
1900:
1411:
1346:
1264:
1176:
1040:
711:
2247:
2128:
1835:
1600:
1444:
795:
210:
160:
2300:
2159:
2123:
1925:
1555:
1510:
1438:
1290:
1233:
923:
185:
101:
2347:
2169:
1865:
1465:
1244:
1135:
1120:
218:
661:
Mavrogianni, A.; Johnson, F.; Ucci, M.; Marmot, A.; Wardle, J.; Oreszczyn, T.; Summerfield, A. (2021-06-02).
2342:
2267:
2189:
2118:
2062:
1994:
1890:
1805:
1715:
1680:
1156:
663:"Historic Variations in Winter Indoor Domestic Temperatures and Potential Implications for Body Weight Gain"
60:
2332:
2294:
2174:
1885:
1316:
418:
380:
222:
155:
710:
World Health
Organization. Environmental Health in Rural and Urban Development and Housing Unit. (1990).
2352:
2030:
1989:
1705:
1376:
1196:
429:. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India: 42–53.
226:
63:, and within a particular context, room temperature can mean different agreed-upon ranges. In contrast,
53:
131:
men and women may differ significantly, with women on average preferring higher ambient temperatures.
2154:
2144:
2088:
2025:
1920:
1500:
1449:
1015:
774:
758:
627:
2020:
2010:
1984:
1770:
1432:
1341:
1311:
1211:
1181:
1075:
1035:
308:"Predicting Comfort Temperature in Indonesia, an Initial Step to Reduce Cooling Energy Consumption"
165:
2283:
2227:
2164:
1941:
1820:
1815:
1605:
1416:
1401:
983:
643:
253:
273:
99:
identifies room temperature as around 20–22 °C (68–72 °F; 293–295 K), while the
1855:
1810:
1565:
1560:
1490:
1386:
1222:
1025:
943:
933:
864:
849:
692:
573:
524:
499:
481:
146:
provides for a minimum temperature in commercial premises, but not for a maximum temperature.
968:
713:
Indoor environment : health aspects of air quality, thermal environment, light and noise
2322:
2077:
1655:
1361:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1166:
951:
904:
682:
674:
635:
600:
565:
489:
473:
430:
392:
352:
319:
117:
78:
Food and beverages may be served at "room temperature", meaning neither heated nor cooled.
2317:
2289:
1931:
1845:
1840:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1695:
1635:
1550:
1535:
1356:
1351:
1326:
1321:
1191:
1115:
230:
206:
173:
87:
818:"What are the regulatory Definitions for "Ambient", "Room Temperature" and "Cold Chain"?"
927:
631:
494:
461:
108:
Ideal room temperature varies vastly depending on the surrounding climate. Studies from
2067:
1964:
1740:
1720:
1685:
1620:
1540:
1381:
1371:
1280:
1130:
1100:
1055:
1050:
687:
662:
105:
states that it is "conventionally taken as about 20 °C (68 °F; 293 K)".
2367:
2149:
2000:
1895:
1860:
1630:
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1580:
1575:
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1396:
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1336:
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976:
856:
569:
121:
647:
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2005:
1905:
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1735:
1615:
1585:
1525:
1520:
1495:
1406:
1285:
1201:
1125:
1110:
1095:
604:
434:
396:
26:
460:
Battistel, Laura; Vilardi, Andrea; Zampini, Massimiliano; Parin, Riccardo (2023).
168:
reading an ambient temperature of 36.4°C (97°F) in an unventilated room during a
2337:
1979:
1936:
1910:
1850:
1830:
1825:
1700:
1660:
1645:
1590:
1515:
1485:
1480:
1296:
1161:
1080:
177:
68:
731:
477:
2093:
2015:
1946:
1915:
1790:
1760:
1690:
1640:
1610:
1595:
1570:
1475:
1275:
1171:
1090:
1030:
678:
485:
324:
307:
2052:
1730:
1725:
1675:
1650:
1505:
1301:
860:
853:
169:
109:
947:
696:
577:
503:
357:
955:
2035:
1969:
1470:
1270:
1070:
1045:
1020:
736:
639:
49:
225:
defines it as being simply 15 to 25 °C (59 to 77 °F), and the
1545:
1217:
292:
Oxford
English Dictionary, Third Edition, November 2010), sub-entry at
113:
462:"An investigation on humans' sensitivity to environmental temperature"
2222:
1974:
1780:
1530:
2237:
1670:
247:
159:
25:
788:"General Chapter < 659> Packaging and Storage Requirements"
1745:
1665:
972:
886:
882:
1.2.3.3 Definition of Room
Temperature: According to the
16:
Range of indoor air temperatures preferred by most people
339:
Komolafe, L. Kayode; Akingbade, Folorunso O. A. (2003).
275:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
96:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
884:
845:
Statistical Design and
Analysis of Stability Studies
2310:
2276:
2203:
2107:
1955:
1458:
1144:
1006:
243:Standard conditions for temperature and pressure
341:"Analysis of thermal comfort in Lagos, Nigeria"
37:of 23 °C (73 °F) a little above the
984:
221:does not exceed 25 °C (77 °F). The
8:
144:Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963
67:is the actual temperature, as measured by a
2379:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
1751:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
1000:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
991:
977:
969:
732:"BBC News Magazine: How warm is your home"
517:Burroughs, H. E.; Hansen, Shirley (2011).
686:
493:
356:
323:
2185:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
345:Global Journal of Environmental Sciences
265:
537:from the original on 20 September 2014
250: – ISO standard temperature, 20°C
172:; a high indoor temperature can cause
2058:Programmable communicating thermostat
213:-National Formulary (USP-NF) defines
7:
2180:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
906:Merriam Webster's Medical Dictionary
523:. Fairmont Press. pp. 149–151.
441:from the original on 30 January 2022
406:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
379:Indraganti, Madhavi (16 July 2009).
770:
754:
306:Karyono, Tri Harso (21 July 2015).
197:Definitions in science and industry
2041:Minimum efficiency reporting value
201:Temperature ranges are defined as
14:
2083:Standard temperature and pressure
1796:Packaged terminal air conditioner
1332:Passive daytime radiative cooling
1061:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
929:WHO Housing and Health Guidelines
21:Room temperature (disambiguation)
1152:Absorption-compression heat pump
913:from the original on 2010-04-10.
744:from the original on 2017-12-31.
282:from the original on 2015-01-08.
2047:Normal temperature and pressure
1427:Vapor-compression refrigeration
605:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.01.009
435:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.04.015
397:10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.07.006
1:
2195:Testing, adjusting, balancing
2139:Building information modeling
2134:Building services engineering
1711:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
1239:Demand controlled ventilation
1187:Building insulation materials
417:Dhaka, Shivraj (2014-12-13).
1756:High-pressure cut-off switch
1307:Ice storage air conditioning
1228:Dedicated outdoor air system
667:Indoor and Built Environment
570:10.1016/0003-6870(81)90091-0
31:Mercury-in-glass thermometer
2099:Thermostatic radiator valve
1901:Thermostatic radiator valve
1412:Underfloor air distribution
1347:Radiant heating and cooling
1265:Energy recovery ventilation
1177:Automobile air conditioning
1041:Domestic energy consumption
520:Managing Indoor Air Quality
215:controlled room temperature
2407:
2248:Institute of Refrigeration
2129:Architectural technologist
1601:Electrostatic precipitator
796:United States Pharmacopeia
730:Lane, Megan (2011-03-03).
478:10.1038/s41598-023-47880-5
211:United States Pharmacopeia
153:
85:
18:
2374:Environmental engineering
2301:Volatile organic compound
2160:Environmental engineering
2124:Architectural engineering
1926:Ultra-low particulate air
1511:Automatic balancing valve
1439:Variable refrigerant flow
1291:Heat recovery ventilation
1234:Deep water source cooling
924:World Health Organization
842:Shein-Chung Chow (2007).
186:World Health Organization
102:Oxford English Dictionary
2348:Template:Home automation
2170:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
1866:Solar-assisted heat pump
1466:Air conditioner inverter
1245:Displacement ventilation
1136:Vapour pressure of water
1121:Thermal destratification
679:10.1177/1420326X11425966
593:Building and Environment
423:Building and Environment
385:Building and Environment
325:10.3390/buildings5030802
219:mean kinetic temperature
93:sensation vote as zero.
59:In certain fields, like
2389:Atmospheric temperature
2343:World Refrigeration Day
2190:Refrigerant reclamation
2119:Architectural acoustics
2063:Programmable thermostat
1995:Clean air delivery rate
1891:Thermal expansion valve
1806:Pressurisation ductwork
1716:Ground source heat pump
1157:Absorption refrigerator
61:science and engineering
2333:Glossary of HVAC terms
2295:Sick building syndrome
2175:Mechanical engineering
1886:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1317:Mixed-mode ventilation
358:10.4314/gjes.v2i1.2407
278:(5th ed.). 2014.
223:European Pharmacopoeia
181:
156:Sick building syndrome
42:
2353:Template:Solar energy
2031:Intelligent buildings
1990:Carbon dioxide sensor
1377:Room air distribution
1197:Central solar heating
620:Nature Climate Change
227:Japanese Pharmacopeia
163:
56:, and other factors.
29:
2155:Duct leakage testing
2145:Deep energy retrofit
2089:Thermographic camera
2026:Infrared thermometer
1501:Air source heat pump
1450:Water heat recycling
1016:Air changes per hour
640:10.1038/nclimate2741
82:Comfort temperatures
19:For other uses, see
2384:Science experiments
2021:HVAC control system
2011:Home energy monitor
1985:Building automation
1771:Inverter compressor
1433:Variable air volume
1342:Passive ventilation
1312:Kitchen ventilation
1212:Constant air volume
1182:Autonomous building
632:2015NatCC...5.1054K
166:digital thermometer
65:ambient temperature
35:ambient temperature
2284:Indoor air quality
2228:ASTM International
2165:Hydronic balancing
1942:Wood-burning stove
1821:Radiator reflector
1606:Evaporative cooler
1417:Underfloor heating
1402:Thermal insulation
850:Chapman & Hall
558:Applied Ergonomics
466:Scientific Reports
254:Indoor air quality
182:
43:
2361:
2360:
2277:Health and safety
1856:Scroll compressor
1811:Process duct work
1566:Convection heater
1561:Condensing boiler
1491:Air-mixing plenum
1387:Solar combisystem
1223:Cross ventilation
1026:Building envelope
939:978-92-4-155037-6
626:(12): 1054–1056.
2396:
2323:Building science
2078:Smart thermostat
2073:Room temperature
1656:Fireplace insert
1362:Radon mitigation
1260:Electric heating
1255:District heating
1250:District cooling
1167:Air conditioning
993:
986:
979:
970:
965:
963:
962:
915:
914:
901:
895:
894:
879:
877:
839:
833:
832:
830:
829:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
792:
784:
778:
768:
762:
752:
746:
745:
727:
721:
720:
718:
707:
701:
700:
690:
658:
652:
651:
615:
609:
608:
599:(4): 1594–1603.
588:
582:
581:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
514:
508:
507:
497:
457:
451:
450:
448:
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414:
408:
407:
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403:
376:
370:
369:
367:
365:
360:
336:
330:
329:
327:
303:
297:
290:
284:
283:
270:
203:room temperature
118:Hyderabad, India
73:room temperature
46:Room temperature
39:room temperature
2406:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2318:ASHRAE Handbook
2306:
2290:Passive smoking
2272:
2205:
2199:
2111:
2109:
2103:
1957:
1951:
1932:Whole-house fan
1846:Run-around coil
1841:Reversing valve
1786:Mechanical room
1776:Kerosene heater
1766:Infrared heater
1696:Gasoline heater
1636:Fan filter unit
1551:Condensate pump
1536:Centrifugal fan
1454:
1357:Radiant heating
1352:Radiant cooling
1327:Passive cooling
1322:Microgeneration
1192:Central heating
1140:
1116:Thermal comfort
1008:
1002:
997:
967:
960:
958:
940:
922:
919:
918:
903:
902:
898:
875:
873:
871:
841:
840:
836:
827:
825:
816:
815:
811:
802:
800:
790:
786:
785:
781:
769:
765:
753:
749:
729:
728:
724:
716:
709:
708:
704:
660:
659:
655:
617:
616:
612:
590:
589:
585:
555:
554:
550:
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538:
531:
516:
515:
511:
459:
458:
454:
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442:
416:
415:
411:
401:
399:
378:
377:
373:
363:
361:
338:
337:
333:
305:
304:
300:
291:
287:
272:
271:
267:
262:
239:
231:Merriam-Webster
207:pharmaceuticals
199:
174:heat exhaustion
158:
152:
142:In the UK, the
90:
88:Thermal comfort
84:
54:air circulation
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
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2314:
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2298:
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2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
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2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2068:Psychrometrics
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Air flow meter
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
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1858:
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1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1741:Heating system
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1721:Heat exchanger
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1686:Gas compressor
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1621:Expansion tank
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:Ceramic heater
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
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1488:
1483:
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1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1382:Solar air heat
1379:
1374:
1372:Renewable heat
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1281:Forced-air gas
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
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1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1131:Thermodynamics
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1101:Psychrometrics
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1056:Gas compressor
1053:
1051:Fluid dynamics
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
998:
996:
995:
988:
981:
973:
938:
920:
917:
916:
896:
890:] (USP-NF)
869:
834:
824:. 2 March 2017
809:
779:
763:
747:
722:
702:
673:(2): 360–375.
653:
610:
583:
548:
529:
509:
452:
409:
391:(3): 519–536.
371:
331:
298:
285:
264:
263:
261:
258:
257:
256:
251:
245:
238:
235:
198:
195:
151:
150:Health effects
148:
86:Main article:
83:
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15:
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2:
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2158:
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2150:Duct cleaning
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2100:
2097:
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2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Control valve
1999:
1996:
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1991:
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1986:
1983:
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1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1948:
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1930:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Turning vanes
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Thermal wheel
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Solar chimney
1859:
1857:
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1634:
1632:
1631:Fan coil unit
1629:
1627:
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1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Cooling tower
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
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1554:
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1527:
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1519:
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1507:
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1479:
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1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
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1461:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:Vapor barrier
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:Solar heating
1395:
1393:
1392:Solar cooling
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Refrigeration
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Passive house
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
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1310:
1308:
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1237:
1235:
1232:
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1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Chilled water
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
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1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1106:Sensible heat
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Noise control
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Heat transfer
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1001:
994:
989:
987:
982:
980:
975:
974:
971:
966:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
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931:
930:
925:
912:
908:
907:
900:
897:
893:
891:
888:
885:
872:
870:9781584889069
866:
863:. p. 7.
862:
858:
857:Biostatistics
855:
851:
847:
846:
838:
835:
823:
819:
813:
810:
798:
797:
789:
783:
780:
776:
772:
767:
764:
760:
756:
751:
748:
743:
739:
738:
733:
726:
723:
719:. p. 17.
715:
714:
706:
703:
698:
694:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
614:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
587:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
552:
549:
536:
532:
530:9780881736618
526:
522:
521:
513:
510:
505:
501:
496:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
456:
453:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
413:
410:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
375:
372:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
335:
332:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
302:
299:
295:
289:
286:
281:
277:
276:
269:
266:
259:
255:
252:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
196:
194:
190:
187:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
157:
149:
147:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
123:
122:Jaipur, India
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
103:
98:
97:
89:
81:
79:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
55:
51:
47:
40:
36:
33:measuring an
32:
28:
22:
2328:Fireproofing
2112:and services
2108:Professions,
2072:
2006:Gas detector
1906:Trickle vent
1881:Smoke damper
1876:Smoke canopy
1871:Space heater
1801:Plenum space
1736:Heating film
1616:Exhaust hood
1586:Dehumidifier
1526:Blast damper
1521:Barrier pipe
1496:Air purifier
1407:Thermosiphon
1286:Free cooling
1202:Chilled beam
1126:Thermal mass
1111:Stack effect
1096:Particulates
1076:Infiltration
1007:Fundamental
959:. Retrieved
928:
921:
905:
899:
889:
883:
881:
874:. Retrieved
844:
837:
826:. Retrieved
821:
812:
801:. Retrieved
799:. 1 May 2017
794:
782:
766:
750:
735:
725:
712:
705:
670:
666:
656:
623:
619:
613:
596:
592:
586:
564:(1): 29–33.
561:
557:
551:
539:. Retrieved
519:
512:
472:(1): 21353.
469:
465:
455:
443:. Retrieved
426:
422:
412:
400:. Retrieved
388:
384:
374:
362:. Retrieved
348:
344:
334:
315:
311:
301:
293:
288:
274:
268:
214:
202:
200:
191:
183:
180:in a person.
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
107:
100:
94:
91:
77:
72:
64:
58:
45:
44:
38:
34:
2338:Warm Spaces
1980:Blower door
1958:and control
1956:Measurement
1937:Windcatcher
1911:Trombe wall
1851:Sail switch
1831:Refrigerant
1826:Recuperator
1701:Grease duct
1661:Freeze stat
1646:Fire damper
1516:Back boiler
1486:Air ionizer
1481:Air handler
1445:Ventilation
1297:Hybrid heat
1162:Air barrier
1081:Latent heat
822:ECA Academy
541:25 December
178:heat stroke
69:thermometer
2368:Categories
2094:Thermostat
2016:Humidistat
1947:Zone valve
1916:TurboSwing
1791:Oil heater
1761:Humidifier
1691:Gas heater
1641:Fan heater
1611:Evaporator
1596:Economizer
1571:Compressor
1476:Air filter
1459:Components
1276:Forced-air
1172:Antifreeze
1145:Technology
1091:Outgassing
1031:Convection
961:2022-11-22
828:2018-04-04
803:2018-04-04
773:, p.
757:, p.
260:References
154:See also:
2204:Industry
2053:OpenTherm
1731:Heat pump
1726:Heat pipe
1676:Fume hood
1651:Fireplace
1556:Condenser
1506:Attic fan
1302:Hydronics
956:Q95379102
861:CRC Press
486:2045-2322
445:10 August
402:10 August
351:: 59–65.
312:Buildings
170:heat wave
110:Indonesia
2311:See also
2036:LonWorks
1970:Aquastat
1836:Register
1816:Radiator
1471:Air door
1271:Firestop
1071:Humidity
1046:Enthalpy
1036:Dilution
1021:Bake-out
1009:concepts
952:Wikidata
948:30566314
926:(2018).
911:Archived
909:. 2016.
859:Series.
771:WHO 2018
755:WHO 2018
742:Archived
737:BBC News
697:26321874
648:83899840
578:15676395
535:Archived
504:38049468
495:10695924
439:Archived
280:Archived
237:See also
50:humidity
2110:trades,
1681:Furnace
1546:Chiller
1218:Coolant
876:4 April
688:4456148
628:Bibcode
364:4 March
114:Nigeria
2263:SMACNA
2223:ASHRAE
2043:(MERV)
1997:(CADR)
1975:BACnet
1928:(ULPA)
1781:Louver
1706:Grille
1581:Damper
1531:Boiler
1429:(VCRS)
1230:(DOAS)
954:
946:
936:
867:
695:
685:
646:
576:
527:
502:
492:
484:
209:, the
2303:(VOC)
2297:(SBS)
2286:(IAQ)
2243:CIBSE
2238:BSRIA
2141:(BIM)
2085:(STP)
2049:(NTP)
1671:Freon
1441:(VRF)
1435:(VAV)
1293:(HRV)
1267:(ERV)
1241:(DCV)
1214:(CAV)
791:(PDF)
717:(PDF)
644:S2CID
248:ISO 1
41:range
2258:LEED
2218:AMCA
2213:AHRI
1746:HEPA
1666:Flue
1591:Duct
944:PMID
934:ISBN
878:2018
865:ISBN
693:PMID
574:PMID
543:2014
525:ISBN
500:PMID
482:ISSN
447:2023
404:2023
366:2021
294:room
184:The
2268:UMC
2253:IIR
2233:BRE
1626:Fan
887:sic
854:CRC
683:PMC
675:doi
636:doi
601:doi
566:doi
490:PMC
474:doi
431:doi
393:doi
353:doi
320:doi
176:or
2370::
950:.
942:.
932:.
880:.
848:.
820:.
793:.
775:54
759:34
740:.
734:.
691:.
681:.
671:22
669:.
665:.
642:.
634:.
622:.
597:42
595:.
572:.
562:12
560:.
533:.
498:.
488:.
480:.
470:13
468:.
464:.
437:.
427:66
425:.
421:.
389:45
387:.
383:.
347:.
343:.
314:.
310:.
164:A
75:.
52:,
992:e
985:t
978:v
964:.
852:/
831:.
806:.
699:.
677::
650:.
638::
630::
624:5
607:.
603::
580:.
568::
545:.
506:.
476::
449:.
433::
395::
368:.
355::
349:2
328:.
322::
316:5
296:.
23:.
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