1083:", which is counted towards time served. For example, if an inmate served five years of a ten-year prison term, and also had five years of "good time", they will have completed their sentence "on paper", obliging the state to release them unless deemed a threat to society in writing by the parole board. Where parole is granted or denied at the discretion of a parole board, mandatory supervision does not involve a decision making process: one either qualifies for it or does not. Mandatory supervision tends to involve stipulations that are more lenient than those of parole, and in some cases place no obligations at all on the individual being released.
1070:", or, colloquially, "good time". Unlike the traditional form of parole – which may be granted or denied at the discretion of a parole board – time off for good behavior is automatic absent a certain number (or gravity) of infractions committed by a convict while incarcerated (in most jurisdictions the released inmate is placed under the supervision of a parole officer for a certain amount of time after being so released). In some cases "good time" can reduce the original sentence by as much as one-half. It is usually not made available to inmates serving life sentences, as there is no release date that can be moved up.
1009:, at least sixteen states have removed the option of parole entirely, and four more have abolished parole for certain violent offenders. However, during the rise of mass incarceration in the 1970s, the states that continued to use parole and indeterminate sentencing contributed more to rising incarceration rates than those without parole boards. Said states implemented a dramatic decrease of parole releases, which inevitably resulted in longer sentences for more prisoners. From 1980 to 2009, indeterminate sentencing states made up nine of the ten states with the highest incarceration rate.
520:
896:(Pub. L. No. 98-473 § 218(a)(5), 98 Stat. 1837, 2027 ). Federal prisoners may, however, earn a maximum of 54 days good time credit per year against their sentence (18 U.S.C.A. § 3624(b)). At the time of sentencing, the federal judge may also specify a post-imprisonment period of supervised release. The U.S. Parole Commission still has jurisdiction over parole for those prisoners convicted of felonies in the District of Columbia and who are serving their sentences there, as well as over certain federally incarcerated military and international prisoners.
941:
the inmate signs a parole certificate or contract. On this contract are the conditions that the inmate must follow. These conditions usually require the parolee to meet regularly with his or her parole officer or community corrections agent, who assesses the behavior and adjustment of the parolee and determines whether the parolee is violating any of his or her terms of release (typically these include being at home during certain hours which is called a curfew, maintaining steady employment, not
1055:
The conditions of parole themselves are often attacked as well, critiqued for being overwhelmingly criminogenic and perpetuating mass surveillance and a permanent state of imprisonment that does little to ensure a smooth reentry into society. Critics note that greater discretion is required to decide which parolees require costly supervisory resources and which ones do not, rather than placing digital, physical, and structural restrictions on every parolee.
578:, Australia. He developed a plan to prepare them for eventual return to society that involved three grades. The first two consisted of promotions earned through good behaviour, labour, and study. The third grade in the system involved conditional liberty outside of prison while obeying rules. A violation would return them to prison and they would start all over again through the ranks of the three-grade process. He reformed its
392:
1063:) have abolished parole altogether for violent felons, and the federal government abolished it in 1984 for all offenders convicted of a federal crime, whether violent or not. Despite the decline in jurisdictions with a functioning parole system, the average annual growth of parolees was an increase of about 1.6% per year between 1995 and 2002.
917:(in the psychiatric sense) into the factors driving the inmate's decision to commit the crimes at issue (in order to estimate the likelihood that the inmate may reoffend upon encountering similar factors in the outside world after release). Many states now permit sentences of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole (such as for
876:. To manage prison populations and rehabilitate those incarcerated, he instituted a two-part strategy that consisted of indeterminate sentences and parole releases. This was significant in prison reform due to its implication that prisoners began their rehabilitation during incarceration, which would be recognizable by a
1359:
Historical innovations are often created independently and almost simultaneously. This seems to be the case about the origins of parole, especially in view of factors of time and means of communication. In effect, Maconochie developed his scheme in the years 1840-1844 as governor of
Norfolk Island, a
940:
Before being granted the privilege of parole, the inmate meets with members of the parole board and is interviewed. The parolee also has a psychological examination. If parole is granted, the inmate must first agree to abide by the conditions of parole set by the paroling authority. While in prison,
632:
Parole is an option for most prisoners. However, parole is not guaranteed, particularly for prisoners serving life or indeterminate sentences. In cases of first-degree murder, one can apply for parole after 25 years if convicted of a single murder. However, if convicted of multiple murders, either of
969:
within a specified time, and then a decision is made by the parole board to revoke their parole or continue the parolee on parole. In some cases, a parolee may be discharged from parole before the time called for in the original sentence if it is determined that the parole restrictions are no longer
730:
is covered by
Article 176 of the Italian Penal Code. A prisoner is eligible if he has served at least 30 months (or 26 years for life sentences), and the time remaining on his sentence is less than half the total (normally), a quarter of the total (if previously convicted or never convicted) or five
660:
The
Chinese legal code has no explicit provision for exile, but often dissidents are released on the grounds that they need to be treated for a medical condition in another country, and with the understanding that they will be reincarcerated if they return to China. Dissidents who have been released
888:
In some jurisdictions in the United States, courts may specify in a sentence how much time must be served before a prisoner is eligible for parole. This is often done by specifying an indeterminate sentence such as "5 to 15 years", or "15 years to life". The latter type is known as an indeterminate
827:
When a prisoner does not have to have their release approved by the Parole Board, further "additional licence conditions" may be suggested by the
Probation Service and set by prison governors. When the Parole Board is involved, the Probation Service may suggest additional conditions, but the Parole
582:
system, instituting what many consider to be the world's first parole system. Prisoners served indeterminate sentences from which they could be released early if they showed evidence of rehabilitation through participation in a graded classification system based on a unit of exchange called a mark.
1054:
Most agree that, as was originally intended, the parole system puts a necessary focus on rehabilitation, despite its current problems which are widely debated. Critics note that it is becoming more and more expensive to the taxpayer, with little evidence of successful rehabilitation for prisoners.
1050:
Parole boards are seen as lacking in efficient qualifications and too politicized in the appointment process. The decision for granting parole has been criticized for neglecting the due process of prisoners on a case-by-case basis. Additionally, the process for being granted a commutation has been
1046:
Since the 1990s, parole and indeterminate sentencing have been the focus of debate in the United States with some emphasizing reform of the parole system and others calling for its abolishment altogether. These debates are fueled by a growing scholarship that criticizes U.S. parole boards and also
754:
usually serve a minimum of 10 years, or longer depending on the minimum non-parole period, before being eligible for parole. Parole is not an automatic right and it was declined in 71 percent of hearings in the year ending 30 June 2010. Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole has been
1078:
Some states in the United States have what is known as "mandatory supervision", whereby an inmate is released before the completion of their sentence due to legal technicalities which oblige the offender justice system to free them. In the federal prison system, and in some states such as Texas,
903:
while incarcerated in and of itself does not necessarily guarantee that an inmate will be paroled. Other factors may enter into the decision to grant or deny parole, most commonly the establishment of a permanent residence and immediate, gainful employment or some other clearly visible means of
1360:
famous penal colony east of
Australia, whereas Bonneville's ideas came out in the years 1846-1847. Our knowledge of the slowness of communications at the time, especially in such a sector of activity, leaves us with the impression that Bonneville really did not know about Maconochie's proposal.
749:
In New
Zealand, inmates serving a short sentence (up to two years) are automatically released after serving half their sentence, without a parole hearing. Inmates serving sentences of more than two years are normally seen by the New Zealand Parole Board after serving one-third of the sentence,
1004:
in the 1970s, politicians began to advertise their "tough on crime" stances, encouraging a tightening of penal policy and resulting in longer sentences for what were previously referred to as minor drug violations. During elections, politicians whose administrations parole any large number of
952:
Upon release, the parolee goes to a parole office and is assigned a parole officer. Parole officers make unannounced visits to parolees' houses or apartments to check on them. During these home visits officers look for signs of drug or alcohol use, guns or illegal weapons, and other illegal
781:) are always handled by the Parole Board because they have no fixed release date. Some determinate or "fixed" sentences, such as extended determinate sentences, are also handled by the Parole Board, but for the majority of prisoners the Parole Board will not be involved in their release.
1058:
The U.S. Department of
Justice (DOJ) stated in 2005 that about 45% of parolees completed their sentences successfully, while 38% were returned to prison, and 11% absconded. These statistics, the DOJ says, are relatively unchanged since 1995; even so, some states (including
1017:
state. The supervision practices of increased drug testing, intensive supervision, unannounced visits and home confinement are widely used today. Additionally, a growing condition of parole was to assume the role of informant towards frequently surveilled communities.
2440:
Annex to Hague
Convention IV Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Art. 10 (1907) and Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Art. 21 (1949), both reprinted in Documents on the Laws of War 216 (A. Roberts & R. Guelff (ed.),
2450:
Code of
Conduct for Members of the Armed Forces of the United States, Exec. Order No. 10,631, 20 Fed. Reg. 6057, 3 C.F.R. 1954–58 Comp. 266 (1955), as amended by Exec. Order No. 12,017, 42 Fed. Reg. 57941 (1977); and Exec. Order No. 12,633, 53 Fed. Reg. 10355
1985:(1980) ("25 years to life" is indeterminate life sentence implying that minor convicted of first-degree murder was eligible for commitment to California Youth Authority rather than determinate life sentence which would require incarceration in regular prison).
839:. In May 2019 the government announced that supervision of offenders, including supervision of offenders released on licence, would be re-nationalised. The decision was made following multiple criticisms of the system which led Chief probation inspector Dame
1176:
states: "I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy." The position is reiterated by the
Department of Defense. "The United States does not authorize any Military Service member to sign or enter into any such parole agreement."
908:
if the prisoner is old enough to qualify). Depending upon the jurisdiction, the parole board may look at various factors such as the inmate's criminal history, participation in rehabilitation, education, or vocational programs, expressions of
1051:
criticized, as many prisoners have been denied a commutation for not showing the right amount of "remorse" or proving substantially that they were ready to contribute again, which are aspects that many argue are too normative and subjective.
1141:. Parole allowed the prisoners' captors to avoid the burdens of having to feed and care for them while still avoiding having the prisoners rejoin their old ranks once released; it could also allow the captors to recover their own men in a
1012:
Starting in the 1980s, parole was revisited as a method once again to manage prison populations and as financial motivation to prevent further budget straining. The new approach to parole release was accompanied with the growth of a
633:
the first or second-degree, the sentencing judge previously had the discretion to make parole ineligibility periods consecutive - thereby extending parole ineligibility beyond 25 years and, in rare cases, beyond a normal life-span.
1033:
and eventually led to a trend of lowering incarceration. In fact, presidential politics between 2001 and 2012 were, for the first time in ten years, not focused on domestic crime control and even saw the promotion of the
657:, which releases them on the grounds that they must receive medical treatment which cannot be provided for in prison. Occasionally, medical parole is used as a less public way of releasing a wrongly convicted prisoner.
519:
1125:
Parole is "the agreement of persons who have been taken prisoner by an enemy that they will not again take up arms against those who captured them, either for a limited time or during the continuance of the war." The
949:, attending addiction treatment or counseling, and having no contact with their victim). The inmate gives an address which is verified by parole officers as valid before the inmate is released to parole supervision.
2503:
807:
Not undertake work, or a particular type of work, unless it is approved by the supervising officer and notify the supervising officer in advance of any proposal to undertake work or a particular type of
1329:
1789:
828:
Board is responsible for determining which additional conditions will be added to the licence. If an offender breaks any of these conditions, they can be "recalled" or returned to prison.
804:
Reside permanently at an address approved by the supervising officer and obtain the prior permission of the supervising officer for any stay of one or more nights at a different address;
713:, which allowed the early release of prisoners who had served half of their prison term (the so-called "Deri Law"). The law was originally intended to help ease overcrowding in prisons.
1839:
852:
476:
583:
Prisoners earned marks through good behavior, lost them through bad behavior, and could spend them on passage to higher classification statuses ultimately conveying freedom.
1666:
2280:
2020:
1134:
to fulfill stated conditions, such as not to bear arms or not to escape, in consideration of special privileges, such as release from captivity or lessened restraint."
555:
in that parolees are still considered to be serving their sentences, and may be returned to prison if they violate the conditions of their parole. It is similar to
2255:
1483:
962:
641:
unanimously ruled that extending parole ineligibility beyond the statutorily mandated 25 years was unconstitutional for being "cruel and unusual" punishment.
2037:
1698:
1117:, reductions in parole supervision was one of the most cost-effective ways to improve the reintegration and rehabilitation of the formerly-incarcerated.
618:
1562:
1510:
965:) a warrant is issued for their arrest. Their parole time is stopped when the warrant is issued and starts only after they are arrested. They have a
1463:
1173:
469:
893:
777:
The Parole Boards in the UK are only involved in the release of prisoners with specific sentences. Indeterminate sentences (life imprisonment and
2123:
1782:
2072:
Angle, Roland E. (2014). "Build a Mass Movement: Abolish the Probation & Parole Systems to Attack the Foundation of the U.S. Police State".
1640:
288:
282:
1338:
567:
1829:
1022:
1392:
2483:
2431:
791 (1988); U.S. Army General Orders No. 100 (24 April 1863), reprinted in R. S. Hartigan, Lieber's Code and the Law of War 45–71 (1983).
559:, the key difference being that parole takes place after a prison sentence, while probation can be granted in lieu of a prison sentence.
2263:
750:
although the judge at sentencing can make an order for a minimum non-parole period of up to two-thirds of the sentence. Inmates serving
462:
1092:
778:
768:
524:
2386:
US Department of Defense Directive 1300.7, Training and Education Measures Necessary to Support the Code of Conduct (23 December 88).
1743:
1005:
prisoners (or, perhaps, one notorious criminal) are typically attacked by their opponents as being "soft on crime". According to the
1908:
1535:
1234:
1166:
942:
701:
Until 2001, parole in Israel was possible only after the prisoner had served two thirds of their sentence. On 13 February 2001, the
1999:
1418:
2211:
1673:
1324:
982:
751:
2013:
1530:
905:
1105:
has two meanings related to allowing persons to enter or leave the United States without the normally required documentation.
1372:
622:
591:
338:
1853:
899:
In most states, the decision of whether an inmate is paroled is vested in a paroling authority such as a parole board. Mere
889:
life sentence; in contrast, a sentence of "life without the possibility of parole" is known as a determinate life sentence.
1760:
756:
1618:
1172:
In the United States, current policy prohibits US military personnel who are prisoners of war from accepting parole. The
1038:
by George W. Bush, who used the act to pledge federal money for reentry as a symbol of his "compassionate conservatism".
823:, except with the prior permission of your supervising officer or for the purposes of immigration deportation or removal.
2492:
2427:
1196:
869:
448:
231:
2252:
574:, introduced the modern idea of parole when, in 1840, he was appointed superintendent of the British penal colonies in
1898:
419:
411:
2529:
1067:
1006:
937: – maintains neither the death penalty nor life imprisonment without parole as sentencing options).
836:
361:
2497:
2310:"Strategies to Productively Reincorporate the Formerly-Incarcerated into Communities: A Review of the Literature"
2044:
953:
activities. Should parolees start to use drugs or alcohol, they are told to go to drug or alcohol counseling and
772:
323:
1127:
1035:
744:
87:
1570:
801:
Receive visits from the supervising officer in accordance with instructions given by the supervising officer;
798:
Keep in touch with the supervising officer in accordance with instructions given by the supervising officer;
722:
638:
552:
249:
31:
2409:
970:
necessary for the protection of society (this most frequently occurs when elderly parolees are involved).
686:
626:
607:
308:
508:
where the prisoner agrees to abide by behavioral conditions, including checking-in with their designated
2524:
2351:
1191:
654:
333:
192:
62:
1644:
1566:
1258:
1137:
The practice of paroling enemy troops began thousands of years ago, at least as early as the time of
1026:
958:
678:
187:
167:
1378:
Twenty-Third Annual Report of the Executive Committee of the Prison Association of New York for 1867
1154:
1000:
Parole in the United States has proven to be politically divisive. Beginning from the initiation of
2128:
1806:
1186:
954:
328:
2422:
2331:
2192:
2184:
2089:
1350:
1150:
880:. It also provided newfound emphasis on prisoners' protection from cruel and unusual punishment.
674:
594:
proposed the idea of parole (which he termed "preparatory liberations") to the Civil Tribunal at
587:
528:
427:
218:
210:
205:
182:
177:
172:
97:
42:
792:
Be of good behaviour and not behave in a way which undermines the purpose of the licence period;
2343:
2339:
2176:
2081:
1961:
1904:
1692:
1464:"Justin Bourque handed harshest sentence since Canada's last execution more than 50 years ago"
1376:
1240:
1230:
1226:
1142:
1080:
1014:
994:
966:
930:
900:
303:
254:
244:
223:
92:
2321:
2313:
2168:
1951:
1342:
1060:
990:
873:
865:
670:
666:
440:
293:
147:
82:
1956:
1939:
1484:"Winnipeg 'killing machine' who targeted homeless men gets three life sentences, no parole"
831:
Since 2014 many of the probation and license monitoring functions have been carried out by
2519:
2364:
2305:
2276:
2259:
2233:
De Giorgi, Alessandro (2017). "Back to Nothing: Prisoner Reentry and Neoliberal Neglect".
1735:
1511:"Quebec City mosque shooter must get chance at parole after 25 years, Supreme Court rules"
1277:
1201:
1114:
1098:
816:
662:
634:
579:
356:
102:
1444:
1995:
1422:
1149:, an early international lawyer, favorably discussed prisoner of war parole. During the
1265:, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, accessed 4 April 2013].
1162:
986:
946:
832:
812:
575:
509:
371:
157:
2281:"Study after study shows ex-prisoners would be better off without intense supervision"
961:
meetings. Should they not comply with conditions on the parole certificate (including
2513:
2335:
2196:
1468:
1030:
978:
926:
840:
706:
682:
610:
after serving one-third of their sentences. Prisoners are also eligible to apply for
2404:
1834:
1540:
1165:'s thoughts on parole later reappeared in the Declaration of Brussels of 1874, the
1146:
1130:
defines parole more broadly: "Parole agreements are promises given the captor by a
1001:
877:
539:("speech, spoken words" but also "promise"), the term became associated during the
366:
239:
72:
2488:
1982:
17:
2413:(1625), reprinted in 2 Classics of International Law 853-54 (J. Scott ed. 1925).
1158:
974:
820:
710:
540:
391:
298:
197:
731:
years (for sentences greater than 7.5 years). In 2006, 21 inmates were granted
862:
690:
611:
571:
396:
318:
142:
132:
77:
2180:
2172:
2085:
1965:
617:
Any prisoner whose sentence is less than two years is sent to a correctional
543:
with the release of prisoners who gave their word. This differs greatly from
1940:"Parole Release and Supervision: Critical Drivers of American Prison Policy"
1244:
922:
621:, whilst anyone sentenced to serve no less than two years will be sent to a
556:
277:
137:
67:
2309:
1169:, and the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.
2157:"A Research Agenda on Reform: Penal Policy and Politics across the States"
2317:
1875:
1515:
1138:
505:
2326:
2188:
2093:
2156:
1712:
1354:
914:
910:
702:
548:
122:
1325:"Pioneers in Criminology: Arnould Bonneville de Marsangy (1802-1894)"
934:
918:
784:
The conditions of release are called a licence, and parole is called
544:
513:
313:
112:
1593:
1346:
2212:"From Grace to Grids: Rethinking Due Process Protection for Parole"
945:, refraining from illicit drug use and, sometimes, abstaining from
2161:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1783:"Licence conditions, licences and licence and supervision notices"
650:
614:, and can do this before being eligible to apply for full parole.
595:
518:
788:. There are seven standard licence conditions for all prisoners:
1029:
on September 11, 2001 contributed to the public emphasis on the
107:
1421:. Correctional Services Canada. 1 December 2014. Archived from
619:
facility in the province or territory where they were convicted
2484:
How Parole Board hearings work (Directgov, England and Wales)
2474:
California Reentry Program - Helping parolees re-enter society
2107:"Quality of snitches declining as result of sentencing laws".
1876:"Probation service: Offender supervision to be renationalised"
1131:
1113:
According to a review of the academic literature by economist
1330:
The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science
2478:
2043:. United States Parole Commission. May 2003. Archived from
1830:"Private probation companies to have contracts ended early"
925:), but any prisoner not sentenced to such sentences or the
835:"community rehabilitation companies" (CRCs) as well as the
1563:"US lawmakers demand China grant dissident medical parole"
2473:
1788:. National Offender Management Service. 23 March 2015.
892:
On the federal level, Congress abolished parole in the
2019:. United States Department of Justice. February 2012.
1761:"Licence Conditions and how the Parole Board use them"
853:
United States federal probation and supervised release
1938:
Reitz, Kevin R.; Rhine, Edward E. (13 January 2020).
1282:
When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry
2500:—Criminal Lawyers in Delhi/Criminal Lawyer V K Singh
868:introduced parole when he became superintendent of
1734:Gianquitto, Lisa; Rule, Philip (1 February 2012).
1381:. C. Van Benthuysen & Sons. pp. 165–178.
843:to describe the system as "irredeemably flawed".
755:given only once, to Brenton Tarrant for the 2019
606:In general, in Canada, prisoners are eligible to
512:, or else they may be rearrested and returned to
2460:DoD Directive 1300.7, Enclosure 2, Para. B3a(5).
1531:"China Grants Convicted Scholars Medical Parole"
1161:set out rules regarding prisoner of war parole.
653:, prisoners are often granted medical parole or
1854:"National Probation Service About Our Services"
973:Service members who commit crimes while in the
2395:Herbert C. Fooks, Prisoners of War 297 (1924).
1996:"Supervised Release Law and Legal Definition"
1900:Criminal Justice - Joel Samaha - Google Books
985:(UCMJ). If found guilty, they may be sent to
470:
8:
2489:Community Corrections (Probation and Parole)
1755:
1753:
1621:. Department of Corrections. 4 December 2016
1273:
1271:
993:and upon release may be supervised by U.S.
570:, a Scottish geographer and captain in the
2506:, International Committee of the Red Cross
1305:
1303:
477:
463:
38:
2325:
1955:
2253:"Good Time Credit" for Federal Prisoners
1313:. Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1982.
1284:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
1174:Code of the United States Fighting Force
933:for release (one state –
2216:Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
1594:"Will Deri Benefit From the Deri Law'?"
1213:
894:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
380:
347:
263:
156:
121:
53:
41:
2377:2 Bouvier's Law Dictionary 2459 (1914)
2360:
2349:
2038:"History of the Federal Parole System"
1957:10.1146/annurev-criminol-011419-041416
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1697:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1690:
1462:MacDonald, Michael (31 October 2014).
2150:
2148:
2146:
2067:
2065:
1643:. Paroleboard.govt.nz. Archived from
1339:Northwestern University School of Law
1074:Difference from mandatory supervision
7:
2504:The Prisons Act, 1894 (Act IX, 1894)
2002:from the original on 23 August 2010.
625:and will thus have to deal with the
2264:Families Against Mandatory Minimums
2026:from the original on 13 March 2016.
1259:"Maconochie, Alexander (1787–1860)"
904:self-support upon release (such as
504:, is a form of early release of a
1842:from the original on 27 July 2018.
1795:from the original on 2 March 2018.
1713:"An outline of the parole process"
1263:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1093:Parole (United States immigration)
779:imprisonment for public protection
769:Parole Board for England and Wales
705:passed a bill, brought forward by
525:Missouri Department of Corrections
25:
2014:"United States Parole Commission"
1746:from the original on 7 July 2019.
1736:"Licences and Licence conditions"
1569:. 20 January 2005. Archived from
1536:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1509:Nerestant, Antoni (27 May 2022).
1066:A variant of parole is known as "
535:Originating from the French word
27:Conditional release of a prisoner
1828:Grierson, Jamie (26 July 2018).
1047:the parole system more broadly.
983:Uniform Code of Military Justice
390:
2122:Gormley, Michael (6 May 2007).
1393:"Types of Release - Fact Sheet"
1373:Bonneville de Marsangy, Arnould
49:Criminal trials and convictions
2241:: 83–120 – via ProQuest.
1079:inmates are compensated with "
592:Arnould Bonneville de Marsangy
339:Sexually violent predator laws
1:
2479:Term to Life Prisoner Support
757:Christchurch mosque shootings
623:federal correctional facility
2493:Bureau of Justice Statistics
2266:. Retrieved on May 10, 2017.
2155:SCHOENFELD, HEATHER (2016).
2111:. 17 August 1997. p. 6.
1944:Annual Review of Criminology
1807:"Being taken back to prison"
1445:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1197:Release on temporary licence
232:Cruel and unusual punishment
1449:Correctional Service Canada
1311:Parole: A Critical Analysis
913:, admissions of guilt, and
2546:
1323:Normandeau, André (1969).
1297:. Los Angeles: Sage, 2010.
1090:
1068:time off for good behavior
1042:Debates and reform efforts
1007:U.S. Department of Justice
850:
837:National Probation Service
766:
742:
720:
661:on medical parole include
523:A parole officer with the
434: English/Welsh courts
29:
1025:of 2008 coupled with the
929:will eventually have the
773:Parole Board for Scotland
2173:10.1177/0002716215601850
2124:"Parole system 'unfair'"
2074:Race, Gender & Class
1128:US Department of Defense
967:parole violation hearing
745:New Zealand Parole Board
88:Presumption of innocence
2498:Rule of Parole in India
2210:Reingold, Paul (2017).
1878:. BBC News. 16 May 2019
1715:. gov.uk. 20 March 2019
1641:"Cases and Eligibility"
811:Not travel outside the
795:Not commit any offence;
639:Supreme Court of Canada
553:commutation of sentence
250:Indefinite imprisonment
32:Parole (disambiguation)
2410:De Jure Belli ac Pacis
2359:Cite journal requires
981:proceedings under the
963:abstention from voting
627:Parole Board of Canada
532:
309:Miscarriage of justice
2428:Battle Cry of Freedom
1903:. Thomson/Wadsworth.
1897:Samaha, Joel (2006).
1295:Community Corrections
1192:Rehabilitation policy
655:compassionate release
608:apply for full parole
522:
334:Sex offender registry
54:Rights of the accused
2318:10.2139/ssrn.3198112
1567:Agence France-Presse
1397:Government of Canada
1221:Joel Samaha (2006).
959:Alcoholics Anonymous
733:libertĂ condizionata
728:LibertĂ condizionata
723:LibertĂ condizionata
568:Alexander Maconochie
529:drug-related offense
420:English/Welsh courts
348:Related areas of law
30:For other uses, see
2306:Doleac, Jennifer L.
2277:Doleac, Jennifer L.
2129:The Berkshire Eagle
1573:on 22 December 2015
1375:(29 January 1868).
1293:Robert D. Hansner,
1187:Parol evidence rule
955:Narcotics Anonymous
494:provisional release
329:Restorative justice
2423:James M. McPherson
2258:2017-06-14 at the
2050:on 26 October 2017
1419:"Types of Release"
1151:American Civil War
1027:Twin Towers attack
977:may be subject to
870:Elmira Reformatory
786:release on licence
675:Takna Jigme Zangpo
588:multiple discovery
586:In an instance of
563:Modern development
533:
498:supervised release
219:Capital punishment
211:Dangerous offender
98:Self-incrimination
43:Criminal procedure
2530:Legal terminology
2312:. Rochester, NY.
1679:on 4 October 2011
1227:Thomson/Wadsworth
1143:prisoner exchange
1036:Second Chance Act
1015:mass surveillance
995:Federal Probation
931:right to petition
487:
486:
362:Criminal defenses
304:Habitual offender
255:Three-strikes law
245:Life imprisonment
224:Execution warrant
93:Exclusionary rule
18:Non-parole period
16:(Redirected from
2537:
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2308:(16 June 2018).
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2109:Arizona Republic
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1979:In re Jeanice D.
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1539:. Archived from
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1223:Criminal Justice
1218:
1167:Hague Convention
1121:Prisoners of war
1002:the war on drugs
991:military prisons
874:Elmira, New York
866:Zebulon Brockway
671:Phuntsog Nyidron
667:Ngawang Sangdrol
492:, also known as
479:
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294:Criminal justice
148:Directed verdict
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2279:(2 July 2018).
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1399:. 12 March 2019
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1278:Joan Petersilia
1276:
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1257:John V. Barry,
1256:
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1237:
1225:. Belmont, CA:
1220:
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1210:
1202:Ticket of leave
1183:
1155:Dix–Hill Cartel
1123:
1115:Jennifer Doleac
1111:
1099:immigration law
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906:Social Security
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817:Channel Islands
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663:Ngawang Chophel
647:
635:On May 27, 2022
604:
580:ticket of leave
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510:parole officers
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2400:
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2288:. Retrieved
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2073:
2052:. Retrieved
2045:the original
2032:
2008:
1998:. US Legal.
1990:
1978:
1974:
1947:
1943:
1914:. Retrieved
1899:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1848:
1835:The Guardian
1833:
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1811:. Retrieved
1801:
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1765:. Retrieved
1739:
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1717:. Retrieved
1707:
1681:. Retrieved
1674:the original
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1645:the original
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:the original
1557:
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1541:the original
1534:
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1492:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
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1427:. Retrieved
1423:the original
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1396:
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1216:
1171:
1147:Hugo Grotius
1136:
1124:
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1096:
1077:
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1020:
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901:good conduct
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878:parole board
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501:
497:
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489:
488:
367:Criminal law
289:Life licence
272:
240:Imprisonment
73:Speedy trial
36:
2167:: 155–174.
1882:28 December
1860:28 December
1813:28 December
1767:28 December
1719:28 December
1625:19 February
1159:Lieber Code
1153:, both the
1101:, the term
1087:Immigration
821:Isle of Man
739:New Zealand
711:David Libai
590:, in 1846,
541:Middle Ages
531:probationer
500:, or being
299:Exoneration
2514:Categories
2222:: 213–251.
1740:InsideTime
1603:22 October
1577:13 January
1547:13 January
1403:8 November
1208:References
997:officers.
943:absconding
863:Penologist
851:See also:
767:See also:
743:See also:
691:Fang Lizhi
612:day parole
572:Royal Navy
319:Recidivism
193:Guidelines
158:Sentencing
143:Not proven
133:Conviction
78:Jury trial
63:Fair trial
2336:158258290
2285:Brookings
2197:155248074
2181:0002-7162
2086:1082-8354
1966:2572-4568
1341:: 28–32.
1081:good time
923:espionage
557:probation
449:UK courts
412:US courts
278:Probation
188:Discharge
178:Custodial
173:Suspended
168:Mandatory
138:Acquittal
68:Pre-trial
2290:3 August
2256:Archived
2189:24756113
2094:43496972
2021:Archived
2000:Archived
1916:27 April
1856:. gov.uk
1840:Archived
1809:. gov.uk
1790:Archived
1763:. gov.uk
1744:Archived
1693:cite web
1651:27 April
1619:"Parole"
1516:CBC News
1494:15 April
1245:61362411
1181:See also
1157:and the
1139:Carthage
1061:New York
687:Gao Zhan
679:Wang Dan
502:on paper
372:Evidence
206:Totality
183:Periodic
2451:(1988).
2344:3198112
2135:23 July
2054:17 June
1598:Haaretz
1355:1141732
987:federal
947:alcohol
915:insight
911:remorse
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703:Knesset
549:amnesty
381:Portals
123:Verdict
83:Counsel
2520:Parole
2441:1982).
2342:
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1683:3 June
1429:6 July
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1233:
1109:Impact
1103:parole
1097:In US
935:Alaska
919:murder
815:, the
697:Israel
637:, the
602:Canada
545:pardon
537:parole
514:prison
490:Parole
447:
439:
426:
410:
314:Pardon
285:
283:Tariff
273:Parole
113:Appeal
2332:S2CID
2193:S2CID
2185:JSTOR
2090:JSTOR
2048:(PDF)
2041:(PDF)
2024:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1793:(PDF)
1786:(PDF)
1677:(PDF)
1670:(PDF)
1351:JSTOR
1337:(1).
808:work;
717:Italy
651:China
645:China
596:Reims
198:Guilt
2365:help
2340:SSRN
2292:2020
2177:ISSN
2137:2022
2082:ISSN
2056:2018
1962:ISSN
1918:2012
1905:ISBN
1884:2019
1862:2019
1815:2019
1769:2019
1721:2019
1699:link
1685:2011
1653:2012
1627:2021
1605:2019
1579:2008
1549:2008
1496:2018
1431:2016
1405:2020
1241:OCLC
1231:ISBN
1021:The
921:and
771:and
709:and
689:and
108:Bail
2322:hdl
2314:doi
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2169:doi
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1952:doi
1343:doi
1132:POW
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