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is unknown. Their potential effectiveness is similar to and at times exceeds a single medication. If the blood pressure is high enough to justify immediate use of medications, lifestyle changes are still recommended in conjunction. Dietary changes shown to reduce blood pressure include diets
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systematic review of available relevant studies found that although weigh-loss diets did reduce body weight and blood pressure, beneficial effects of those changes could not be demonstrated, owing to the small number of participants and studies, and that therefore the impact of weigh loss on
679:"2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)"
1020:
Khalesi S, Sun J, Buys N, Jamshidi A, Nikbakht-Nasrabadi E, Khosravi-Boroujeni H (September 2014). "Green tea catechins and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials".
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Huang, Liping; Trieu, Kathy; Yoshimura, Sohei; Neal, Bruce; Woodward, Mark; Campbell, Norm R C; Li, Qiang; Lackland, Daniel T; Leung, Alexander A; Anderson, Cheryl A M; MacGr 2020; He, Feng J (2020).
571:"An effective approach to high blood pressure control: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"
317:"Exercise and other non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer-related fatigue in patients during or after cancer treatment: a systematic review incorporating an indirect-comparisons meta-analysis"
453:"Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series"
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Yokoyama Y, Nishimura K, Barnard ND, Takegami M, Watanabe M, Sekikawa A, Okamura T, Miyamoto Y (April 2014). "Vegetarian diets and blood pressure: a meta-analysis".
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Brook RD, Appel LJ, Rubenfire M, Ogedegbe G, Bisognano JD, Elliott WJ, Fuchs FD, Hughes JW, Lackland DT, Staffileno BA, Townsend RR, Rajagopalan S (June 2013).
838:"Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group"
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is lifestyle changes, including dietary changes, physical exercise, and weight loss. Although these have all been recommended in scientific advisories, a
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Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, Miller ER, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja N, Lin PH (January 2001).
530:"CONSORT Statement for Randomized Trials of Nonpharmacologic Treatments: A 2017 Update and a CONSORT Extension for Nonpharmacologic Trial Abstracts"
773:"Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials"
1133:"Beyond medications and diet: alternative approaches to lowering blood pressure: a scientific statement from the american heart association"
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421:"Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Options For Type 2 Diabetes: Diets And Dietary Supplements (Botanicals, Antioxidants, and Minerals)"
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Hilfiker, Roger; Meichtry, Andre; Eicher, Manuela; Nilsson Balfe, Lina; Knols, Ruud H.; Verra, Martin L.; Taeymans, Jan (2018).
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Semlitsch, Thomas; Krenn, Cornelia; Jeitler, Klaus; Berghold, Andrea; Horvath, Karl; Siebenhofer, Andrea (2021-02-08).
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McKennon, Skye A. (2000), Feingold, Kenneth R.; Anawalt, Bradley; Boyce, Alison; Chrousos, George (eds.),
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He FJ, Li J, Macgregor GA (April 2013). "Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure".
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1076:"Effect of green tea consumption on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials"
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interventions use multiple strategies, and they often involve the participation of several types of
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This article is about the general concept. For use in epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, see
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Go AS, Bauman MA, Coleman King SM, Fonarow GC, Lawrence W, Williams KA, Sanchez E (April 2014).
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Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, et al. (July 2013).
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Hartley L, Flowers N, Holmes J, Clarke A, Stranges S, Hooper L, Rees K (June 2013).
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Boutron I, Ravaud P (2012). "Introduction". In
Boutron I, Ravaud P, Moher D (eds.).
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consumption. Physical exercise regimens that reduce blood pressure include
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Checklist for reporting of non-pharmacologic treatment interventions
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Peng X, Zhou R, Wang B, Yu X, Yang X, Liu K, Mi M (September 2014).
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Liu G, Mi XN, Zheng XX, Xu YL, Lu J, Huang XH (October 2014).
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Randomized clinical trials of nonpharmacological treatments
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Boutron I, Altman DG, Moher D, Schulz KF, Ravaud P (2017).
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Randomized clinical trials of nonpharmacological treatments
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Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, et al. (2017).
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Non-pharmacological interventions may be intended to
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29:Non-pharmacological intervention (epidemiology)
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372:Zoremba, N.; Coburn, M.; Schälte, G. (2018).
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149:(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension),
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131:The first line of treatment for
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275:Social determinants of health
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41:. Some examples include
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