697:, NVDA snapshots are available in beta and alpha branches, with special topic branches created from time to time. NV Access describes the beta branch as a chance for users to gain early access to new features, alpha branch as bleeding-edge code for possible inclusion in the upcoming release, and topic branches for developing a major feature or to prepare for official release (rc branch). Some third-party developers also maintain specific
27:
669:(User Interface Automation). The gathered information is passed through various subsystems, such as speech handler and presented to the user in speech, braille and via on-screen window. NVDA also provides facilities to handle events such as key presses, name changes and when an application gains or loses focus.
672:
NVDA provides facilities to examine an application's object hierarchy and implement ways to enhance accessibility of a program. It provides dedicated commands to move through object hierarchy within an application, as well as an interactive python console to perform focus manipulation, monitoring
459:
onwards, and provided screen reading capabilities such as basic support for some third-party software and web browsing. Towards the end of 2006, Curran named his project
Nonvisual Desktop Access (NVDA) and released version 0.5 the following year. Throughout 2008 and 2009, several versions of 0.6
664:
NVDA uses objects to represent elements in an application such as menu bars, status bars and various foreground windows. Various information about an object such as its name, value and screen coordinates are gathered by NVDA through accessibility APIs exposed by an object, such as through
530:. In 2013 Michael Curran and James Teh presented a talk on NVDA at TEDx Brisbane. It is especially popular in developing countries as being free to download and use makes it accessible to many blind and visually impaired people who would otherwise not have access to the internet.
641:); 37.7% of survey participants used it as a primary screen reader, while 65.6% of participants used it often. Screen readers can be used to test the accessibility of software and websites. NVDA is the primary screen reader of choice by accessibility practitioners.
689:
in 2013, citing development progress with Bazaar. The developers also took the opportunity to modify the release schedule to happen at regular intervals to prevent delay in releasing an official release and to make the release time frame predictable.
491:
support that same year. Also in 2013, NV Access introduced a restructured method of reviewing screen text, and introduced a facility to manage profiles for applications, as well as improving access to
Microsoft Office and other office suites in 2014.
475:, became available in 2011. Throughout 2012, NVDA gained improved support for Windows 8, ability to perform automatic updates, included add-ons manager to manage third-party add-ons, gained improved support for entering
526:
In 2023–2024, NVDA was the most popular desktop/laptop screen reader in common use and the second-most popular primary screen reader throughout the world in a survey by
1175:
1126:
845:
867:
Calvo, Rocío; Iglesias, Ana; Moreno, Lourdes (2014). "Accessibility barriers for users of screen readers in the Moodle learning content management system".
1534:
978:
Noble, Steve; Soiffer, Neil; Dooley, Sam; Lozano, Edgar; Brown, Dan (2018). "Accessible Math: Best
Practices After 25 Years of Research and Development".
704:
While development is primarily led by NV Access, code, documentation and translation contributions come from users and other developers around the world.
471:
versions of
Windows as well as greater program stability in 2010. Major code restructuring to support third-party modules, coupled with basic support for
722:
1216:
Nengroo, Ab
Shaqoor; Kuppusamy, K. S (2018). "Accessible images (AIMS): a model to build self-describing images for assisting screen reader users".
553:
464:
output, and improved support for more languages. To manage continued development of NVDA, Curran, along with James Teh, founded NV Access in 2007.
1544:
1109:
962:
768:
637:
found NVDA to be the most popular screen reader worldwide in terms of common usage and the second-most popular primary screen reader (behind
627:
371:
515:, and the ability to lower background audio was introduced in 2016. Also in 2015, NVDA became one of the first screen readers to support
1549:
818:
451:
Concerned by the high cost of commercial screen readers, in April 2006, Michael Curran began writing a Python-based screen reader with
653:, add-ons manager, app modules, event handler and input and output handlers, along with modules to support accessibility APIs such as
420:
552:
as its integrated speech synthesizer. It also supports the
Microsoft Speech platform synthesiser, ETI Eloquence and also supports
1190:
693:
In addition to official releases, nightly snapshot builds are also available for testing. Similar to the release process for the
534:
495:
Accessibility of mathematical formulas can be an issue for blind and visually impaired persons. In 2015, NVDA gained support for
654:
428:
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401:
1529:
105:
698:
557:
79:
1346:
1297:
440:
701:, including language-specific versions of NVDA or to offer public preview for a feature under active development.
1088:
Muhammad, Aslam; Ahmad, Warda; Tooba, Maryam; Anwar, Sidra (2015). "Assistive
Technology for Disabled Persons".
673:
objects for events and test code for improving accessibility of an application to be packaged in an app module.
1251:
Russomanno, A; O’Modhrain, S; Gillespie, R.B; Rodger, M.W.M (2015). "Refreshing
Refreshable Braille Displays".
945:
Su, W; Cai, C; Wu, J (2018). "The accessibility of mathematical formulas for the visually impaired in China".
1539:
666:
1524:
1398:
793:
1169:
1125:
Senjam, Senjam, Suraj Singh; Foster, Allen; Bascaran, Covadonga; Vashist, Praveen; Gupta, Vivek (2019).
1399:"Redesigning towards accessibility: from a Facebook trivia game to an educational, accessible web game"
563:
Besides general
Windows functionality, NVDA works with software such as Microsoft office applications,
638:
608:
572:
484:
596:
483:
support, the first of its kind for third-party screen readers for
Windows. NVDA gained support for
354:
1276:
1233:
1157:
1041:
894:
774:
540:
NVDA can be used with steganography based software to provide a textual description of pictures.
436:
1268:
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764:
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584:
568:
409:
138:
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1141:
1127:"Assistive technology for students with visual disability in schools for the blind in Delhi"
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1068:
987:
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884:
876:
756:
748:
366:
133:
1057:"Teaching and Learning English for Visually Impaired Students: An Ethnographic Case Study"
612:
600:
576:
512:
461:
745:
2018 IEEE/ACS 15th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)
1091:
Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Recent Advances in Computer Systems
686:
620:
604:
588:
520:
476:
452:
914:"Multimedia platform for mathematics' interactive learning accessible to blind people"
1518:
1427:
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in 2013 and was updated in 2014 to support PowerPoint 2013; NVDA also added enhanced
424:
405:
359:
1280:
1237:
1008:
898:
778:
1372:
743:
Kirboyun, Sevgi (2018). "Computer Aided System for Users with Visual Impairments".
694:
456:
432:
1145:
954:
1454:
1347:"NVDA 2009.1 beta, what's in it for Firefox users? – Marco's Accessibility Blog"
752:
616:
480:
661:, such as various preference dialogs, and setup and update management dialogs.
1229:
1033:
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913:
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47:
37:
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657:. NVDA also features various graphical user interfaces of its own powered by
1100:
472:
1272:
1153:
991:
912:
Maćkowski, Michał; Brzoza, Piotr; Żabka, Marek; Spinczyk, Dominik (2018).
630:, to facilitate better accessibility of web applications for blind users.
439:, to access and present information to the user. It is licensed under the
658:
488:
949:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11110. pp. 237–242.
760:
1321:
889:
564:
467:
NVDA's features and popularity continued to grow. 2009 saw support for
846:"Being blind didn't stop these inventors from sharing internet vision"
460:
appeared, featuring enhanced web browsing, support for more programs,
26:
1432:
1406:
Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital. Brazil, Curiti
1012:
634:
549:
527:
504:
496:
468:
111:
508:
1034:"ONExSENSE: Michael Curran & James Teh at TEDxBrisbane"
626:
Since early 2009, NVDA supports the WAI-ARIA standard for
533:
In 2020 NVDA was featured in the University of Queensland
649:
NVDA is organized into various subsystems, including the
819:"A SCREEN READER FOR EVERYONE: WHY THE WORLD NEEDS NVDA"
455:
as its speech engine. It provided support for Microsoft
1507:
1478:
382:
1373:"Survey of Web Accessibility Practitioners #3 Results"
681:
From 2006 to 2013, NVDA's source code was managed via
980:
Journal on Technology & Persons with Disabilities
412:. The project was started by Michael Curran in 2006.
1134:
Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology
1003:
1001:
560:is supported officially from Version 0.6p3 onward.
377:
365:
353:
144:
132:
124:
104:
78:
56:
46:
36:
947:Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation
633:In 2023–2024, the screen reader user survey by
1292:
1290:
16:Free and open source screen reader for Windows
8:
1174:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1061:English Review: Journal of English Education
19:
1397:Cordeiro, P; Conrad, C; Cheiran, J (2017).
1218:Universal Access in the Information Society
869:Universal Access in the Information Society
25:
18:
1099:
1072:
929:
888:
603:. NVDA also works with most functions of
591:. It supports most email clients such as
713:
1191:"Software by the blind, for the blind"
1167:
544:Features and accessibility API support
628:Accessible Rich Internet Applications
31:The logo for NonVisual Desktop Access
7:
1140:(6). Taylor & Francis: 663–669.
372:GNU General Public License version 2
191:Chinese (Traditional, Hong Kong SAR)
85:2024.3.1 / 9 September 2024
1535:Free software programmed in Python
503:, along with improved support for
14:
1377:Web AIM Web accessibility in Mind
1055:Susanto; Nanda, Deri Sis (2018).
918:Multimedia Tools and Applications
794:"NV Access: Interview and Review"
1044:from the original on 2021-12-14.
1009:"Screen Reader User Survey #10"
1197:. The University of Queensland
798:www.top10-websitehosting.co.uk
685:, with NV Access switching to
655:Microsoft Active Accessibility
429:Microsoft Active Accessibility
1:
1146:10.1080/17483107.2019.1604829
523:in an experimental capacity.
194:Chinese (Traditional, Taiwan)
1545:Software that uses wxWidgets
1455:"NVDA Development Snapshots"
1253:IEEE Transactions on Haptics
955:10.1007/978-3-319-99957-9_18
419:. It utilizes accessibility
753:10.1109/AICCSA.2018.8612898
723:"Screen Reading Technology"
188:Chinese (Simplified, China)
62:; 18 years ago
1568:
1550:Windows-only free software
441:GNU General Public License
52:NV Access and contributors
1230:10.1007/s10209-017-0607-z
931:10.1007/s11042-017-4526-z
881:10.1007/s10209-013-0314-3
615:. The free office suites
507:, the desktop client for
152:
100:
74:
24:
1265:10.1109/TOH.2015.2423492
1074:10.25134/erjee.v7i1.1530
556:synthesizers. Output to
394:NonVisual Desktop Access
1101:10.2991/racs-15.2016.12
575:, web browsers such as
823:Media Access Australia
519:and added support for
415:NVDA is programmed in
1426:de Ruijter, Leonard.
1189:Fraser, Andrew Kidd.
792:Rowena (2018-04-24).
296:Portuguese (Portugal)
1479:"NVDA日本語版 ダウンロードと説明"
1298:"What's New in NVDA"
623:are also supported.
609:Microsoft PowerPoint
573:Windows Media Player
485:Microsoft PowerPoint
402:free and open-source
227:German (Switzerland)
87:; 3 days ago
1530:Free screen readers
1428:"Braille framework"
597:Mozilla Thunderbird
293:Portuguese (Brazil)
21:
1094:. pp. 74–80.
848:. The Courier Mail
645:Technical features
437:Java Access Bridge
323:Spanish (Colombia)
38:Original author(s)
1111:978-94-6252-146-9
964:978-3-319-99956-2
770:978-1-5386-9120-5
677:Development model
585:Internet Explorer
410:Microsoft Windows
391:
390:
284:Norwegian Nynorsk
155:List of languages
139:Microsoft Windows
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1511:
1510:
1508:Official website
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924:(5): 6191–6208.
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844:Miles, Janelle.
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835:
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832:
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747:. pp. 1–2.
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558:braille displays
535:Contact Magazine
511:, and charts in
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281:Norwegian Bokmål
278:Northern Kurdish
134:Operating system
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613:Microsoft Excel
601:Outlook Express
577:Mozilla Firefox
546:
513:Microsoft Excel
479:and introduced
477:East Asian text
462:braille display
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308:Serbian (Latin)
185:Central Kurdish
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110:
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57:Initial release
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1500:External links
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1418:
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1363:
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1313:
1286:
1243:
1224:(3): 607–619.
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1117:
1110:
1080:
1047:
1025:
997:
992:10211.3/203002
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963:
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904:
875:(3): 315–327.
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810:
784:
769:
735:
712:
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709:
706:
678:
675:
646:
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621:OpenOffice.org
605:Microsoft Word
589:Microsoft Edge
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521:Microsoft Edge
453:Microsoft SAPI
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1259:(3): 287–97.
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581:Google Chrome
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1486:. Retrieved
1482:
1473:
1462:. Retrieved
1459:Nvaccess.org
1458:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1431:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:
1366:
1355:. Retrieved
1353:. 2009-10-27
1351:Marcozehe.de
1350:
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1328:. 2017-07-05
1326:nvaccess.org
1325:
1322:"About NVDA"
1316:
1305:. Retrieved
1302:nvaccess.org
1301:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1194:
1184:
1170:cite journal
1137:
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1120:
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1083:
1067:(1): 83–92.
1064:
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1016:. Retrieved
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872:
868:
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