524:". The burden of non-communicable diseases in developing countries has increased however, with an estimated 80% of the four main types of NCDs â cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes â now occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of non-communicable Diseases and with two-thirds of people who are affected by diabetes now residing in developing nations, NCD can no longer be considered just a problem affecting affluent estimation of the economic impact of chronic non-communicable diseases in selected countries. New WHO report: deaths from non-communicable diseases are on the rise, with developing world hit hardest. As previously stated, in 2008 alone, NCD's were the cause of 63% of deaths worldwide; a number that is expected to rise considerably in the near future if measures are not taken.
45:
440:
886:
targeted by WHO (diabetes, hypertension and CVD). CKD strongly predisposes to hypertension and CVD; diabetes, hypertension and CVD are all major causes of CKD; and major risk factors for diabetes, hypertension and CVD (such as obesity and smoking) also cause or exacerbate CKD. In addition, among people with diabetes, hypertension, or CVD, the subset who also have CKD are at highest risk of adverse outcomes and high health care costs. Thus, CKD, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are closely associated conditions that often coexist; share common risk factors and treatments; and would benefit from a coordinated global approach to prevention and control.
730:. For example, the United Kingdom experienced a loss of about 175 million days in 2006 to absence from illness among a working population of 37.7 million people. The estimated cost of absences due to illness was over 20 billion pounds in the same year. The cost due to presenteeism is likely even larger, although methods of analyzing the economic impacts of presenteeism are still being developed. Methods for analyzing the distinct workplace impacts of NCDs versus other types of health conditions are also still being developed.
808:, with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis. A trend has emerged, particularly in the early 2000s, in which numerous studies have revealed a link between fast food and an increase in heart disease. These studies include those conducted by the Ryan Mackey Memorial Research Institute, Harvard University and the Sydney Center for Cardiovascular Health. Many major fast food chains, particularly McDonald's, have protested the methods used in these studies and have responded with healthier menu options.
688:. The burden of disease attributed to NCDs has been estimated at 85% in industrialized nations, 70% in middle income nations, and nearly 50% in countries with the lowest national incomes. In 2008, chronic NCDs accounted for more than 60% (over 35 million) of the 57 million deaths worldwide. Given the global population distribution, almost 80% of deaths due to chronic NCDs worldwide now occur in low and middle income countries, while only 20% occur in higher income countries.
585:(NCDnet). NCDnet will consist of leading health organizations and experts from around the world in order to fight against diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Ala Alwan, assistant director-general for Non-communicable Diseases and Mental Health at the WHO, said: "integrating the prevention of non-communicable diseases and injuries into the national and global development agendas is not only achievable but also a priority for developing countries."
161:. NCDs account for seven out of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Figures given for 2019 are 41 million deaths due to NCDs worldwide. Of these 17.9 million were due to cardiovascular disease; 9.3 million due to cancer; 4.1 million to chronic respiratory diseases, and 2.0 million to diabetes. Over 80% of the deaths from these four groups were premature, not reaching the age of 70.
396:
must have two copies of the faulty gene for them to develop the disease. Cystic fibrosis affects the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems, as well as the sweat glands. The mucus secreted is very thick and blocks passageways in the lungs and digestive tracts. This mucus causes problems with breathing and with the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
919:. While CRDs are not curable, various treatments are available to help improve quality of life for individuals who have them. Most treatments involve dilating major airways to improve shortness of breath among other symptoms. The main risk factors for developing CRDs are: tobacco smoking, indoor and outdoor air pollution, allergens, and occupational risks.
536:
Health
Organization)-Food and Agriculture Organization includes reducing the levels of salt in foods, limiting inappropriate marketing of unhealthy foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children, imposing controls on harmful alcohol use, raising taxes on tobacco, and legislating to curb smoking in public places.
535:
Thus, should policy makers and communities mobilize "and make prevention and targeted treatment of such diseases a priority," sustainable measures can be implemented to stagnate (and eventually even reverse) this emerging global health threat. Potential measures currently being discussed by the(World
568:
in 2010, a resolution was passed to call for a high-level meeting of the
General Assembly on the prevention and treatment NCDs with the participation of heads of state and government. The resolution also encouraged UN Member States to address the issue of non-communicable diseases at the 2010 Review
509:
Referred to as a "lifestyle" disease, because the majority of these diseases are preventable illnesses, the most common causes for non-communicable diseases (NCD) include tobacco use (smoking), hazardous alcohol use, poor diets (high consumption of sugar, salt, saturated fats, and trans fatty acids)
885:
Although chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not currently identified as one of WHO's main targets for global NCD control, there is compelling evidence that CKD is not only common, harmful and treatable but also a major contributing factor to the incidence and outcomes of at least three of the diseases
527:
If present growth trends are maintained, by 2020, NCDs will attribute to 7 out of every 10 deaths in developing countries, killing 52 million people annually worldwide by 2030. With statistics such as these, it comes as no surprise that international entities such as the World Health
Organization
395:
Cystic fibrosis is an example of an inherited disease that is caused by a mutation on a gene. The faulty gene impairs the normal movement of sodium chloride in and out of cells, which causes the mucus-secreting organs to produce abnormally thick mucus. The gene is recessive, meaning that a person
691:
National economies are reportedly suffering significant losses due to premature deaths or inability to work resulting from heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and the broader impacts of physical inactivity, which is a significant contributor to NCDs globally. For instance, China is expected to lose
663:
The Young
Professionals Chronic Disease Network, or commonly referred to as YP-CDN, is a global network of roughly 5000 young professionals across 157 countries. The organization aims to mobilize these young people "to take action against social injustice driven by NCDs.". Now redirected to the
250:
and 40% of cancers could be prevented. Interventions targeting the main risk factors could have a significant impact on reducing the burden of disease worldwide. Efforts focused on better diet and increased physical activity have been shown to control the prevalence of NCDs .
850:
Patient education, understanding, and participation is vital since the complications of diabetes are far less common and less severe in people who have well-managed blood sugar levels. Wider health problems may accelerate the deleterious effects of diabetes. These include
556:
issues, including NCDs. In May 2008, the 193 Member States of the WHO approved a six-year plan to address non-communicable diseases, especially the rapidly increasing burden in low- and middle-income countries. The plan calls for raising the priority given to NCDs in
926:(GARD) in 2006. GARD is voluntarily composed of national and international organizations and works toward "reducing the global burden of chronic respiratory diseases" and focus mainly on vulnerable populations and low and middle-income countries.
1935:
1920:
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danger. This can usually be with close dietary management, exercise, and use of appropriate medications (insulin only in the case of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Oral medications may be used in the case of type 2 diabetes, as well as insulin).
841:
Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus is a chronic condition which is largely preventable and manageable but difficult to cure. Management concentrates on keeping blood sugar levels as close to normal ("euglycemia") as possible without presenting undue
648:
1168:
749:
For the vast majority of cancers, risk factors are environmental or lifestyle-related, thus cancers are mostly preventable NCD. Greater than 30% of cancer is preventable via avoiding risk factors including:
935:
239:, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and being overweight. The other factors associated with higher risk of NCDs include a person's economic and social conditions, also known as the
517:
has reported that, "At a global level, 7 of the 10 leading causes of deaths in 2021 were noncommunicable diseases, accounting for 38% of all deaths, or 68% of the top 10 causes."
655:
in 2013 in order to provide scaled up action across the UN system to support governments, in particular in low- and middle-income countries, to tackle non-communicable diseases.
1074:
44:
1534:
Lieb W, Gona P, Larson MG, Massaro JM, Lipinska I, Keaney JF, Rong J, Corey D, Hoffmann U, Fox CS, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, O'Donnell CJ, Kathiresan S (September 2010).
804:
using occupational health data and were published in 1958. The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of
1583:
Venuraju SM, Yerramasu A, Corder R, Lahiri A (May 2010). "Osteoprotegerin as a predictor of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity".
510:
and physical inactivity. Currently, NCD kills 36 million people a year, a number that by some estimates is expected to rise by 17â24% within the next decade.
903:(CRDs) are diseases of the lungs and airways. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) hundreds of millions of people have CRDs. Common CRDs are:
692:
roughly $ 558 billion in national income between 2005 and 2015 due to early deaths. In 2005, heart disease, stroke and diabetes caused an estimated loss in
1025:"Non-Communicable Diseases Deemed Development Challenge of 'Epidemic Proportions' in Political Declaration Adopted During Landmark General Assembly Summit"
1667:"The effect of intensive diabetes therapy on the development and progression of neuropathy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group".
1172:
609:. The NCD Alliance brings together roughly 900 national member associations to fight non-communicable disease. Long-term aims of the Alliance include:
167:
such as a person's background, lifestyle and environment increase the likelihood of certain NCDs. Every year, at least 5 million people die because of
439:
194:
such as a person's background; lifestyle and environment are known to increase the likelihood of certain non-communicable diseases. They include age,
235:
identified five important risk factors for non-communicable disease in the top ten leading risks to health. These are raised blood pressure, raised
528:& World Bank Human Development Network have identified the prevention and control of NCDs as an increasingly important discussion item on the
819:(CRP) is a common inflammatory marker that has been found to be present in increased levels in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. Also
1194:
908:
278:
226:, in turn leading to increased risk of many NCDs. Most NCDs are considered preventable because they are caused by modifiable risk factors.
923:
1536:"Biomarkers of the osteoprotegerin pathway: clinical correlates, subclinical disease, incident cardiovascular disease, and mortality"
1078:
340:
are caused by errors in genetic information that produce diseases in the affected people. The origin of these genetic errors can be:
999:
652:
2001:
565:
1868:
Lower GM, Kanarek MS (June 1982). "The mutation theory of chronic, noninfectious disease: relevance to epidemiologic theory".
771:
1764:
665:
240:
1820:
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900:
428:
genetic diseases require the inheritance of erroneous genes to be expressed and this is one reason they work together.
246:
It has been estimated that if the primary risk factors were eliminated, 80% of the cases of heart disease, stroke and
1980:
289:
912:
558:
545:
514:
332:
1950:
1371:"Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factors"
950:
284:
1050:
1969:
1141:
974:
593:
The NCD Alliance is a global partnership founded in May 2009 by four international federations representing
415:
75:
2006:
916:
880:
795:
594:
272:
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conditions caused by external factors, such as sunlight, nutrition, pollution, and lifestyle choices. The
146:
115:
103:
79:
1618:
Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, Raskin P, Zinman B (December 2005).
1279:"Physical Inactivity, Non-Communicable Diseases and National Fitness Plan of China for Physical Activity"
521:
356:
264:
139:
856:
783:
693:
685:
411:
386:
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In order to better coordinate efforts around the globe, in 2009 the WHO announced the launch of the
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895:
805:
763:
726:, or productivity lost from staff coming to work and performing below normal standards due to poor
681:
677:
606:
230:
215:
180:
154:
1692:
1516:
1400:
816:
767:
382:
83:
649:
United
Nations Interagency Task Force on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases
259:
NCDs include many environmental diseases covering a broad category of avoidable and unavoidable
1885:
1743:
1684:
1649:
1600:
1565:
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1473:
1444:"Coronary heart disease and physical activity of work; evidence of a national necropsy survey"
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337:
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99:
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1382:
1341:
1300:
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176:
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1974:
1620:"Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes"
1024:
940:
852:
820:
779:
371:
294:
247:
1846:"Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases | Knowledge Action Portal on NCDs"
1277:
Menhas R, Dai J, Ashraf MA, M Noman S, Khurshid S, Mahmood S, et al. (2021-06-03).
520:
Historically, many NCDs were associated with economic development and were so-called a "
1881:
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1711:
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1619:
1560:
1535:
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1418:
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107:
17:
1975:
WHO Regional Office for the
Eastern Mediterranean website on non-communicable diseases
1387:
1370:
1995:
1712:"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in population-based studies: systematic review"
1100:
Alexander
Chiejina (16 July 2009). "Who's action against non-communicable diseases".
945:
775:
718:
conditions is felt in workplaces around the world, notably due to elevated levels of
715:
627:
614:
553:
529:
360:
203:
91:
1955:
1944:
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1404:
1520:
864:
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which involved with regulation of a key inflammatory transcription factor called
719:
705:
314:
236:
191:
168:
164:
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1929:
1504:
778:. Infectious agents are responsible for some cancers, for instance almost all
755:
172:
1728:
1459:
1346:
1329:
1178:
827:
has been found to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
425:
308:
131:
1984:
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1604:
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1512:
1477:
1396:
1355:
1314:
1889:
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1635:
1369:
Danaei G, Vander Hoorn S, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Ezzati M (November 2005).
1295:
868:
836:
824:
598:
419:
367:
267:
are non-infectious diseases with environmental causes. Examples include:
199:
158:
119:
1912:
134:, although there are some non-communicable infectious diseases, such as
1077:(Press release). World Health Organization. 8 July 2009. Archived from
860:
843:
759:
751:
632:
Global access to affordable and good quality medicines and technologies
401:
320:
223:
207:
179:
accounts for roughly 2.6 million deaths and 7.5 million die because of
71:
1796:
1491:
Karakas M, Koenig W (December 2009). "CRP in cardiovascular disease".
953:
project of the
International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research
27:
Medical conditions that cannot transmit from one individual to another
1924:
1145:
904:
800:
The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in 1949 by
744:
727:
676:
Previously, chronic NCDs were considered a problem limited mostly to
602:
345:
304:
260:
195:
150:
145:
The four main NCDs that are the leading causes of death globally are
95:
87:
1212:
303:
caused by too little food, or eating the wrong kinds of food (e.g.
1169:"United Nations high-level meetings on NCD prevention and control"
696:
of national income of 9 billion in India and 3 billion in Brazil.
438:
443:
Deaths from noncommunicable diseases per million persons in 2012
936:
List of countries by risk of death from non-communicable disease
53:
815:
that hallmarks atherosclerosis and its possible interventions.
1821:"Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD)"
1330:"Well-being--absenteeism, presenteeism, costs and challenges"
1115:
1000:"Climate change and noncommunicable diseases: connections"
811:
A fairly recent emphasis is on the link between low-grade
552:(UN) that acts as coordinating authority on international
1234:
1031:. Department of Public Information. 19 September 2011
1902:
924:
Global
Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
1906:
142:does not include direct host-to-host transmission.
37:
1262:"Preventing Chronic Diseases a Vital Investment".
78:directly from one person to another. NCDs include
1981:"NCDnet â Global Noncommunicable Disease Network"
1075:"New network to combat noncommunicable diseases"
722:, or absence from work because of illness, and
52:A nurse with a non-communicable diseases kit,
1167:Banatvala, Nick; Bovet, Pascal, eds. (2023).
8:
1983:. World Health Organization. Archived from
1970:WHO fact sheet on non-communicable diseases
659:Young Professionals Chronic Disease Network
1903:
1765:"WHO | About chronic respiratory diseases"
1257:
1255:
666:Sustainable development knowledge platform
43:
34:
1737:
1727:
1643:
1559:
1467:
1386:
1345:
1304:
1294:
969:
967:
1442:Morris JN, Crawford MD (December 1958).
1710:Zhang QL, Rothenbacher D (April 2008).
1681:10.7326/0003-4819-122-8-199504150-00001
963:
583:Global Non-communicable Disease Network
577:Global Non-communicable Disease Network
344:Spontaneous errors or mutations to the
1174:Noncommunicable Diseases: A Compendium
1797:"Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs)"
1791:
1789:
1759:
1757:
1283:Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
909:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
714:The burden of chronic NCDs including
279:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
171:and about 2.8 million die from being
7:
1882:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113368
1328:Cooper C, Dewe P (December 2008).
1266:. World Health Organization. 2005.
1144:. The NCD Alliance. Archived from
762:, low fruit and vegetable intake,
25:
548:is the specialized agency of the
1870:American Journal of Epidemiology
1540:Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol
1235:"Home | Sustainable Development"
653:United Nations Secretary-General
651:(UNIATF) was established by the
381:of genetic information, such as
317:caused by radiation from the sun
281:(COPD) caused by smoking tobacco
1264:Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
772:sexually transmitted infections
566:United Nations General Assembly
564:During the 64th session of the
422:erroneous gene to be expressed.
400:Inherited genetic errors from
1:
1388:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67725-2
418:, require the inheritance of
366:A defect in a gene caused by
297:caused by too little exercise
241:social determinants of health
1051:"The top 10 causes of death"
901:Chronic respiratory diseases
700:Absenteeism and presenteeism
571:Millennium Development Goals
155:chronic respiratory diseases
1850:knowledge-action-portal.com
975:"Non communicable diseases"
896:Chronic respiratory disease
890:Chronic respiratory disease
2023:
1597:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.013
1552:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199661
893:
878:
834:
793:
742:
703:
414:genetic diseases, such as
330:
290:Noise-induced hearing loss
122:, and others. NCDs may be
1801:World Health Organization
1505:10.1007/s00059-009-3305-7
1423:World Health Organization
913:Occupational lung disease
559:international development
546:World Health Organization
515:World Health Organization
333:List of genetic disorders
51:
42:
1675:(8): 561â8. April 1995.
951:The INCTR Challenge Fund
285:Diabetes mellitus type 2
232:World Health Report 2002
206:, and behaviors such as
138:in which the parasite's
64:non-communicable disease
38:Non-communicable disease
1729:10.1186/1471-2458-8-117
1460:10.1136/bmj.2.5111.1485
355:A change in chromosome
18:Noncommunicable disease
2002:Diseases and disorders
922:WHO helped launch the
917:Pulmonary hypertension
881:Chronic kidney disease
875:Chronic kidney disease
867:, and lack of regular
796:Cardiovascular disease
790:Cardiovascular disease
595:cardiovascular disease
506:
273:cardiovascular disease
255:Environmental diseases
147:cardiovascular disease
104:chronic kidney disease
1987:on December 23, 2009.
1347:10.1093/occmed/kqn124
1187:10.4324/9781003306689
694:international dollars
678:high income countries
638:for people with NCDs.
442:
265:diseases of affluence
1636:10.1056/NEJMoa052187
1585:J. Am. Coll. Cardiol
1296:10.2147/RMHP.S258660
1102:Business Day Weekend
857:elevated cholesterol
784:human papillomavirus
686:low income countries
620:A tobacco free world
522:diseases of the rich
1775:on October 18, 2014
865:high blood pressure
806:biomedical research
764:physical inactivity
682:infectious diseases
623:Improved lifestyles
607:respiratory disease
377:An increase in the
216:physical inactivity
181:high blood pressure
116:Alzheimer's disease
84:autoimmune diseases
80:Parkinson's disease
1140:The NCD Alliance.
817:C-reactive protein
507:
503: 8,880-13,667
327:Inherited diseases
218:which can lead to
136:parasitic diseases
1965:
1964:
1716:BMC Public Health
1454:(5111): 1485â96.
1381:(9499): 1784â93.
1196:978-1-032-30792-3
684:seemed to affect
497: 7,730-8,879
491: 5,773-7,729
485: 4,920-5,772
479: 4,035-4,919
473: 3,477-4,034
467: 3,225-3,476
461: 2,924-3,224
455: 2,636-2,923
338:Genetic disorders
60:
59:
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2014:
1988:
1904:
1893:
1854:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1771:. Archived from
1761:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1731:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1669:Ann. Intern. Med
1664:
1658:
1657:
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1334:Occup Med (Lond)
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1040:
1038:
1036:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
971:
780:cervical cancers
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
177:High cholesterol
47:
35:
21:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1966:
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1901:
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1861:Further reading
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1661:
1630:(25): 2643â53.
1624:N. Engl. J. Med
1617:
1616:
1612:
1591:(19): 2049â61.
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1081:on July 9, 2009
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973:
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941:Chronic disease
932:
898:
892:
883:
877:
839:
833:
821:osteoprotegerin
798:
792:
747:
741:
736:
712:
704:Main articles:
702:
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661:
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591:
579:
569:Summit for the
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449: 688-2,635
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437:
372:Cystic fibrosis
335:
329:
295:Lower back pain
257:
248:type 2 diabetes
189:
130:. Most are non-
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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2020:
2018:
2010:
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2004:
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1907:Classification
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1899:External links
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74:that is not
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1825:www.who.int
1769:www.who.int
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1239:sdgs.un.org
1125:12 November
1055:www.who.int
1009:12 November
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984:12 November
979:www.who.int
786:infection.
720:absenteeism
706:Absenteeism
416:Huntingtons
315:Skin cancer
237:cholesterol
169:tobacco use
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1956:D000073296
1806:2018-10-31
1779:2018-10-31
1428:2011-01-09
1177:. London:
1142:"About Us"
1116:"Homepage"
1060:2024-08-12
958:References
756:overweight
643:Task Force
370:, such as
359:, such as
331:See also:
229:The WHO's
173:overweight
140:life cycle
132:infectious
1213:"History"
1179:Routledge
672:Economics
426:Recessive
383:Chimerism
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859:levels,
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