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faces” in the tone we would ordinarily use for a person only if he were not present. Mental patients are often given similar non-person treatment. Finally, there is an increasing number of technical personnel who are given this status (and take the non-person alignment) at formally organized interplays. Here we refer to stenographers, cameramen, reporters, plainclothes guards, and technicians of all kinds.
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We are familiar with treatment of a person as virtually absent in many situations. Domestic servants and waitresses, in certain circumstances, are treated as not present and act, ritually speaking, as if they were not present. The young and, increasingly, the very old, may be discussed “to their
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Goffman gives examples of people commonly subject to nonperson treatment: "... it may be seen in our society in the way we sometimes treat children, servants, Negroes, and mental patients."
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contains a discussion of Erving
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are another category of people who receive the nonperson treatment. Goffman, in his 1953 Ph.D. thesis writes:
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at which one person does not acknowledge the presence of another person. The concept was introduced by
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American higher education and Jon Frederickson and James F. Rooney do the same for free-lance musicians.
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Lankenau, S.E. (1999). Panhandling repertoires and routines for overcoming the nonperson treatment.
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The Free-Lance
Musician as A Type of Non-Person: An Extension of the Concept of Non-Personhood
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Chapter XVI: On Kinds of
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Nonperson
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Stigma: Notes on the
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