Nonviolent video game - Knowledge (XXG)

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popularity of violent video games and increases in youth violence have led to much research into the degree to which video games may be blamed for societally negative behaviors. Despite the inconclusive nature of the scientific results, a number of groups have rejected violent video games as offensive and have promoted the development of non-violent alternatives. The existence of a market for such games has in turn led to the manufacture and distribution of a number of games specifically designed for the nonviolent gaming community. Video game reviewers have additionally identified a number of games belonging to traditionally violent gameplay genres as "nonviolent" in comparison to a typical game from the violent genre. Despite the fact that some of these games contain mild violence, many of them have entered the argot of nonviolent gamers as characteristic non-violent games.

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suggestions that the interactivity available in violent video games narrows the gap between the theory and practice of youth violence in a manner that goes beyond the effects of televised violence. Acknowledgment of the fact that, for better or worse, video games are likely to remain a part of modern society has led to a brace of comparative studies between violent games and non-violent games. As technology has advanced, such studies have adapted to include the effects of violent games and non-violent games in new media methods such as immersive virtual reality simulations.

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about a quarter of all video game sales. Gamers seeking violence find themselves increasingly age restricted as identified violence level increases. This means that non-violent games, which are the least restricted, are available to all players at any age. This moral or legislative public policy against violence has the indirect effect of encouraging players of all ages and especially younger players to play non-violent games, however it also produces something of a

1402: 1352: 3754: 1390: 987: 1418: 1430: 3340:. Although much of the gameplay characteristic to stealth games accords closely with the requirements of the non-violent genre, stealth games most frequently simply delay chaotic violence to focus instead upon controlled precision violence. When stealth and violence are both present as options, stealth is often presented as the superior option for being morally superior or requiring greater skill. 3017:, among others. These games are generally less frequently described as non-violent due to the self-evident nature of the descriptive term. Prior to the development of games specifically designed for non-violence, non-violent gamers were limited to these traditionally non-violent genres, however a number of games even under the traditionally non-violent umbrella may be considered arguably violent. 3267:

definition by which the vast majority of video games may be described as violent. Despite arguments to the contrary, however, such characterizations have been employed as a marketing tool by makers and distributors of non-violent video games, and the degree of popularity enjoyed by games so described may be attributed to the comparative violence of other more violent members of the supergenre.

1366: 1192:, stating, "It was my idea ." He was quick to mention that the case would probably do well with or without his presence. This decision followed scrutiny from Judge James Moore, however Thompson claimed he received no pressure to withdraw. At the same time, Judge James Moore had taken the motion to revoke Thompson's license under advisement. Jack Thompson appeared in court to defend his 3299:, the player merely interacts with the environment by touching things in the first-person and the term "shooter" is seen to be objectively inaccurate. Despite this, non-violent first-person games have often been characterized oxymoronically as shooters because of all comparable genres, these games are most closely similar to the FPS and often employ engines designed for the FPS genre. 1442: 1283:, Lieberman has stated, "The player is rewarded for attacking a woman, pushing her to the ground, kicking her repeatedly and then ultimately killing her, shooting her over and over again. I call on the entertainment companies—they've got a right to do that, but they have a responsibility not to do it if we want to raise the next generation of our sons to treat women with respect." 807:, led a study on violence in youth and determined that while the impact of video games on violent behavior has yet to be determined, "findings suggest that media violence has a relatively small impact on violence", and that "meta-analysis the overall effect size for both randomized and correlational studies was small for physical aggression and moderate for aggressive thinking." 2646: 1454: 1466: 3659:

of battles, wars, and other skirmishes. Additionally, strategy games tend to more often strive for realistic scenarios and depictions of the battles that result. Counteracting this violence, however, is the fact that strategy games tend to be set at a distant third party perspective and as such the violence of the battles tends to be minute and highly stylized.

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identification is applied counterintuitively to titles where there might otherwise be a question concerning non-violence. This has led such categorization to be viewed with mistrust, hostility, and mockery by those who fail to recognize the comparative nature of the definition or who disagree fundamentally with the underlying purpose of the genre.

2243: 2515:, according to Rev. Bagley, is "to build the genre of Christian gaming. People are tired of having these violent, demonic games dictating to their kids." Among Christian FPS games, a lack of gore has often been used as the minimum standard for non-violence. Christian game reviewers have at times characterized non-Christian games such as 1161:. The suit was dismissed by Judge Babcock in March 2002 in a ruling suggesting that a decision against the game makers would have a chilling effect on free speech. Babcock noted that "it is manifest that there is social utility in expressive and imaginative forms of entertainment, even if they contain violence." 942:

violent games may cause more intense feelings of aggression than nonviolent games, and may trigger feelings of anger and hostility. Theoretical explanations for these types of effects have been explained in myriad theories including social cognitive theory, excitation transfer theory, priming effect and the

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since the 2000s, however as Christian games have striven to compete with their more popular secular progenitors, there has been an increasing number of games released that blur the lines between Christian and non-Christian values. Jack Thompson, for instance, has publicly decried such Christian games

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The purposes behind the development of the nonviolent genre are primarily reactionary in nature. As video quality and level of gaming technology have increased, the violent nature of some video games has gained worldwide attention from moral, political, gender, and medical/psychological quarters. The

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who was instrumental in bringing him down in 2000. Though these games are anti-violent, however, failure on the part of the player leads to violence. Thus the goal of the game is merely shifted to active violence-prevention while the degree of violence used to challenge the player remains consistent

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Studies have also shown that there are tangible benefits to violence in action games such as increased ability to process visual information quickly and accurately. This has led to support for the development of action games that are non-violent which will allow players to retain the positive visual

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in a number of different forms like a human, a pig, a dog, or a worm. Whatever form you came back as would limit the way in which you could interact with other characters in the game. Like the majority of games that have been labeled non-violent, violence in the game that is applied to the character

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Criticism for the violent aspects of video game culture has come from a number of anti-violence groups, and perhaps the most vocal of these are the numerous religious opposition groups. The moral codes of nearly all major religions contain prohibitions against murder and violence in general. In some

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in October 2005. By December 2005, both bills had been struck down in court by Judge Ronald Whyte as unconstitutional, thereby preventing either from going into effect on 1 January 2006. Similar bills were subsequently filed in such states as Michigan and Illinois, but to date all have been ruled to

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in which the player attempts to convert as many civilians in an apocalyptic future as possible by raising their spirit level and shielding them from the corrupting influences of rock-and-roll music and general secularism. The game has been criticized by such anti-violent video game personalities as

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For the most part, non-violent groups have not explored this genre of violent game. Gender-marketers have designed strategy games for both male and female audiences, however gender-linked treatment of violence has not occurred in this genre and as such, male- and female-oriented strategy games tend

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As with role-playing games, strategy games have traditionally focused on the development and expansion of a group as they defend themselves from the attacks of enemies. Strategy games tend not to be explicitly described as violent, however they nearly universally contain violent content in the form

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violent, has at times generated vociferous arguments that the concept is inconceivable and at best oxymoronic. This argument typically derives from a strict definition of violence as "extreme, destructive, or uncontrollable force especially of natural events; intensity of feeling or expression, " a

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Action games have typically been among the most violent of video games genres with the liberal employment of enemies to thwart the actions of the player-character, and an emphasis on killing these enemies to neutralize them. As action games have developed they have become progressively more violent

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set out to produce several non-violent games, drawing inspiration from a claimed agreement between several religions under the sign of nonviolence: "Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Judaism and others, – because throughout all of them can be found a common thread of decency meant to

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With advancements in video technology and the rise of video games containing graphic violence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, media violence research shifted to a great degree from televised violence to video game violence. Although under current debate, a number of researchers have claimed that

3368:– A game with enemies featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must rescue his fellow cereal-pieces by "zorching" hordes of flemoids back to their home planet with various zorch guns. Instead of the player's face bleeding, the Chex piece becomes progressively more covered in slime. 2927:

violence. Many traditional gameplay genres naturally lack violence and application of the term "non-violent video games" to titles that fall under these categories raises no questions regarding accuracy. For game developers and designers who self-identify as non-violent video game makers, however,

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As the first precept requires an actual living being to be killed to be considered as violated, Buddhists can still enjoy video games with violence because there is no real being that is dying or being hurt. The fuller extent of the first precept is to maintain a harmless attitude towards all. The

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A number of studies have been conducted specifically analyzing the differences between male and female preference in video game styles. Studies have vacillated between findings that the gender effect on violence preference in games is significant and insignificant, however no firm conclusions have

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In 2000, the County Council for St. Louis, Missouri, enacted Ordinance 20,193 that barred minors from purchasing, renting, or playing violent video games deemed to contain any visual depiction or representation of realistic injury to a human or a "human-like being" that appealed to minors' "morbid

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was that "focusing on such easy but minor targets as violent video games causes parents, social activists and public-policy makers to ignore the much more powerful and significant causes of youth violence that have already been well established, including a range of social, behavioral, economic,

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Video game rating boards exist in a number of countries, typically placing restrictions (suggested or under force of law) for content that is violent or sexual in nature. About 5% of games fall into a category rated "mature" and recommended to those 17 years old and older. Those games account for

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Results have varied, with some research indicating correlation between violence in video games and violence in players of the games, and other research indicating minimal if any relationship. Despite the lack of solid conclusion on the issue, the suggestion that violent games cause youth violence

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The majority of these games have not been scientifically tested to see whether children learn the skills the games claim to teach.In another study performed in Chile, educational video games were put into some first and second grade classrooms. Children who had the games in their classroom showed

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that have been developed without the specific intent of non-violence have been identified by reviewers and the non-violent gaming community as non-violent FPSes. Such characterizations have led to the concern that parents may allow their children to play these games, not realizing that there are

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ratings. All three senators have actively sought restrictions on video game content with Sen. Lieberman denouncing the violence contained in video games and attempting to regulate sales of violent video games to minors, arguing that games should have to be labeled based upon age-appropriateness.

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In 2003, Washington State enacted a statute banning the sale or rental to minors of video games containing "aggressive conflict in which the player kill, injures, or otherwise causes physical harm to a human form in the game who is depicted by dress or other recognizable symbols as a public law

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Though infrequently regarded as explicitly violent, role-playing video games (RPGs) have traditionally focused on the adventures of a party of travelers as they spend days and months leveling-up to fight greater and greater foes. Fighting in these games is highly stylized and often turn-based,

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or the newer Sherlock Holmes games, may bear striking resemblance to the violent game whose engine they are using. Developers of such games often have done little to change the game other than replacing violent or scary imagery and recasting the storyline to describe "zorching", "slobbing", or

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One difference between video games and television which nearly all media violence studies recognize is that video games are primarily interactive while television is primarily passive in nature. Video game players identify with the character they control in the video games and there have been

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are also most frequently non-violent. The indisputably non-violent nature of these games are often considered self-evident by members of both the non-violent gaming community and the gaming community at large. As such they are often not explicitly identified as such. Typically, explicit

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and the legislatures of states and other countries, a number of legislative actions have been taken to mandate rating systems and to curb the distribution of violent video games. At times, individual games considered too violent have been censored or banned in such countries as

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standing by Judge Moore who noted that "Mr. Thompson's actions before this Court suggest that he is unable to conduct himself in a manner befitting practice in this state." In March 2006, the Alabama Supreme Court upheld Judge Moore's ruling against the dismissal of the case.

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as precedent suggesting that video game content was a form of freedom of expression, however in 2002 the Eastern District Court of Missouri ultimately issued the controversial ruling that "video games are not a form of expression protected by the First Amendment" in

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As research supporting the view that video game violence leads to youth violence has been produced, there have been a number of lawsuits initiated by victims to gain compensation for loss alleged to have been caused by video-game-related violence. Similarly, in the

660:(1987) featured the ability to decapitate opponents. It was not until graphic capabilities increased and a wave of new ultra-violent titles were released in the early 1990s that the mainstream news began to pay significant attention to the phenomenon. In 1992, with 3376:– A game lacking violence to sentient beings wherein the player, in a ship, rescues human miners trapped in mines guarded by malfunctioning mining robots. The player has to navigate maze-like mines in order to save the hostages and shutdown the malfunctioning mine. 623:, had suggested that games had no merit and offered little in the way of anything constructive to young people. Despite early general claims of the negative effects of video games, however, effects of these concerns were relatively minor prior to the early 1990s. 2345:

cases this prohibition even extends to aggression, wrath, and anger. Violent video games, while merely vicarious in nature, have been the focus of religious disapproval or outrage in various circles. Notable anti-violent-video-game crusader, former attorney

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is renowned for its impressive levels of graphic violence, gore and irreverent humour, it is possible to complete the game without harming a single person. For players who choose such a route, the game will praise them as "Jesus" at the end of the final

1308:(S.3935). The act would require the ESRB to have access to the full content of and hands-on time with the games it was to rate, rather than simply relying on the video demonstrations submitted by developers and publishers. Two days later, Congressman 844:

Games in which the player acts non-violently – Games where violence occurs to the character-player as a result of environmental hazards or enemies but the character-player's reaction is to run away or otherwise distance himself from the violence.

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Anderson, C. A.; Bushman, B. J. (2001). "Effects of violent games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytical review of the scientific literature".

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Totally non-violent games – Games in which absolutely no violence occurs. This category contains games characterized by lack of the death of characters, lack of sudden noise or movement, and often lack of traditional conflict. (e.g.,

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interest in violence". This ordinance was challenged in 2001 by the Interactive Digital Software Association (IDSA) as violative of freedom of expression as guaranteed by the first amendment. The IDSA cited the 7th Circuit case of

611:, that "he games people play reveal a great deal about them". This was built upon in the early 1980s in an anti-video-game crusade spearheaded by the former Long Island PTA president, Ronnie Lamm, who spoke about her cause on the 3180:– A game with only environmental hazards featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must guide a small creature through a series of caverns and mountains containing pitfalls and hazards in order to get to the end. 3587:, a game with enemies featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player wanders about converting the denizens of his town to Christianity while fending off the attacks of wild animals with holy food. Another example is 2598:

in ascending order. The only way to actually win the game is to complete it without harming or killing any other living creature. Despite the violence-free requirements of the main character, however, a player could die and be

3122:. This has created a spectrum of violence in action games. Non-violent video game proponents have labeled a number of games containing comparatively low-level violence as non-violent as well as games such as the anti-violent 3566:

however the actions of the player-characters and the enemies that attack them are distinctly violent. There have been some attempts made to reduce this violence by rendering it in cartoonish format as in some members of the

797:". A great deal of discussion of violence in video games followed this event with strong arguments made on both sides, and research into the phenomenon which had begun during the 1980s received renewed support and interest. 2703:

main problem is the mind, which is the main focus of Buddhism. Violent video games tend to create ill-will and tension, thus it is not conducive for meditation practice. Other than that, the action of the mind also creates

3329:. At times, similarities between violent progenitors and their non-violent descendants have proved strong enough that the non-violent developers have cast their game as a spoof of the violent version. This is apparent in 2976: 2268:

In 2008, an example of such studies was funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice to the Center for Mental Health and Media. These studies were released in the book,

2923:. Unlike genres described by style of gameplay, non-violent video games span a wide number of gameplay genres. Defined in the negative, the purpose of non-violent games is to provide the player with an experience that 2490:

Some of these games, despite containing objectively violent content, have been affirmatively labeled "non-violent video games" by marketers and faith-based non-violent gaming communities. In direct response to the

3188:– A game with enemies featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must navigate his way through a marble maze while enemy marbles and other enemies attempt to knock him off or otherwise destroy him. 820:. In other words, in order to recognize a non-violent game, an identifier must recognize the violent game as a distinct class. This has led to a degree of ambiguity in the term as it relies upon a definition of 1292:

struck down a state statute that sought to bar minors from purchasing video games with violent content. The statute was declared an unconstitutional violation of the 1st Amendment. Amici filing briefs included

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the hero must "jump around doing tricks to soldiers ... to get over any barrier or road block implanted by Israeli Defense forces without using violence, earn respect by helping surrounded people whom

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Despite this, the controversies and debate have persisted, and this has been the catalyst for the emergence of the non-violent video game genre. Non-violent video games are defined in the negative by a

3087:– A game lacking violence to sentient beings wherein a player must either bomb malfunctioning robots or conserve bombs by stepping strategically in order to induce the robots to crash into one another. 6835:. Hearing Before The Subcommittee on Courts, The Internet, And Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives. 108th Congress. 2d Session. 20 May 2004. Serial No. 93. 3270:

Non-violent first-person shooter developers have expressed the notion that it is the challenge of making a non-violent game in a violent genre that motivates them in part. Rarely, FPS games such as

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Despite this conclusion, general awareness of the issue together with traditional stereotyping has led a number of game developers and designers to create non-violent video games specifically for

680:, genuine controversy was first ignited as the wide and growing popularity of violent video games came into direct conflict with the moral and religious ethics of concerned citizens. Protests and 3309:

otherwise non-lethally incapacitating enemies. Examples of simple changes intended to reduce violence for non-violent FPSes include the alteration of the red shroud from the death-sequence in

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right to practice law in Alabama, following accusations that he violated legal ethics. Shortly thereafter, the case was dismissed and Thompson's license was revoked following a denial of his

1394: 2511:, the player fights inhuman demons using holy armament. When "sent back" the demons produce no blood or gore, and for this reason it has been described as a non-violent game. The intent of 2457:

for violence have been FPS games, and for this reason, Christian games in the FPS genre have struggled to overcome the blurring effects of the violence inherent to the genre. Games such as

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for strategy involving the slaying of infidels and non-believers, and for the ability of players engaged in multi-play modes to play as the Antichrist on the side of the Forces of Satan.

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was developed by Taranjit Singh as a game revolving around Sikh. It was planned for it to contain mild violence. In 2006, Singh complained that the game was unfairly stereotyped and that

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genre. With both sport and vehicle simulation games, gameplay has traditionally been highly bipolar with nearly as many violent titles as non-violent. Just as there are non-violent and

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series – A series with enemies featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must solve block-sliding puzzles in order to secure a key and unlock the door to the next room.

3070:– A game with only environmental hazards featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must break blocks (mild violence) with a ball while avoiding the floor of the level. 1165:

enforcement officer." In 2004, this statute was subsequently declared an unconstitutional violation of the first amendment right to free speech in the Federal District Court case of

3212:– A game lacking violence to any living creature; the player must find children and missing objects. The game is also educational and teaches young children about safety lessons. 1040: 6181: 1335:

effect. For this and other reasons, the effectiveness of rating systems such as the ESRB to actually curb violent gameplay in youth gaming has been characterized as futile.

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One subgenre of the FPS that typically is not characterized as non-violent despite the fact that gameplay revolves to a great degree around avoidance of battle, is that of

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Games in which the player acts non-violently to other sentient beings – Games where a player acts violently against robots or other non-living non-sentient enemies (e.g.

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have in the past been identified as nonviolent. A common example of a nonviolent game that has been employed in a number of studies and government committee reports is

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has conducted research in the field of video game violence and has concluded that "findings suggest that media violence has a relatively small impact on violence."

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Kirsh, S. J. (1998). "Seeing the world through Mortal Kombat-colored glasses: violent video games and the development of a short-term hostile attribution bias".

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have all been identified as containing certain modes of play that are mostly non-violent. This concept is also explored in the higher difficulty levels of the

3360:– A game with only environmental hazards featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must navigate her way out of a dungeon filled with hazards. 2357:

population have increased in number of adherents, new marketing opportunities have developed contemporaneously. Several religion-centric games forums such as

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was designed with the intention of "illustrat the unillustratable, and 'subvert' the image of violent video games in the process." Nelson was interviewed by

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is a personal rule of not killing. This moral guideline extends to human as well as non-human life. There are five conditions to violate the first precept:

4785: 3461: 3352:– A game featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must navigate a playing-field avoiding enemies as they attempt to "slob" him with trash. 3243: 3118:

have tended to shy away from this kind of realism in favor of cartoon and fantasy violence, a concept also implicated in the increase of youth violence by

6862: 6221: 3946: 3854:. Distinction of games as violent or non-violent here serves a purely practical purpose as gameplay may differ considerably beyond the merely aesthetic. 1470: 1288: 607: 6273: 5585: 5235: 4988: 4758: 3697:, a documentary filmmaker and director of Bringing Down a Dictator, a non-violent resistance film featuring Ivan Marovic, a resistance leader against 6438: 3996: 2314:. Advertisement placement and other marketing techniques have in the past targeted women as more receptive to non-violent video game genres such as 1211: 4905: 4863:

The Impact of Interactive Violence on Children: Testimony submitted to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate

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of clairvoyance, levitation, invisibility, shrinking and strength, and the ultimate goal of the game was to achieve pure consciousness by removing

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followed the publicizing of these conflicts, and controversies would erupt periodically throughout the 1990s with the releases of such games as

7323: 3006: 1035:. The suit was dismissed in 2000, absolving the companies of responsibility for the shooter's actions based on a lack of remedy under Kentucky 240: 107: 6097: 5489: 5158: 3333:. Off-beat and absurdist humor have been employed in a number of games order to tone down the serious content by makers of non-violent FPSes. 4243:

Tamborini, R.; Eastin, M. S.; Skalski, P.; Lachlan, K.; Fediuk, T. A.; Brady, R. (2004). "Violent virtual video games and hostile thoughts".

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over the years as advances in graphic capabilities allowed for more realistic enemies and death sequences. Nevertheless, some companies like

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Silvern, S. B.; Williamson, P. A. (1987). "The effects of video game play on young children's aggression, fantasy, and prosocial behavior".

6783: 5615: 2297: 1406: 931: 801: 616: 6301: 5911: 2414: 5464: 1370: 1275: 1271: 1215: 326: 3062:– A game featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player must navigate a dangerous amusement park to collect pieces of money. 3054:– A totally non-violent game wherein the player must assign the mathematically appropriate number to the corresponding blank in a grid. 824:

which for different identifiers may mean different things. In general, violence may be placed into at least three distinct categories:

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arcade game (a game with black and white graphics which involved running over screaming zombies). In the 1980s titles such as Exidy's

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still some elements of violence including violent deaths. Further ambiguities arise when determining whether a game is a first-person

1274:(S.2126), intended to protect children from inappropriate content found in video games by imposing a federal mandate for inclusion of 1044: 507: 5413: 5394: 4724:

It’s All Fun And Games Until Someone Gets Hurt: The Effectiveness Of Proposed Video-Game Legislation On Reducing Violence In Children

3168:– A game featuring a non-violent main-character wherein the player avoids bullies, clowns, and businessmen in order to skateboard to 7749: 6709: 5085: 5058: 4201: 4165: 4016: 3955: 3548: 2689: 1747: 538: 5118: 4481: 4113: 2656: 771:

In April 1999, the fears of the media and violence-watch groups were legitimated in their eyes as investigations into the lives of

6176: 5669: 4267:"Experimental study of the differential effects of playing versus watching violent video games on children's aggressive behavior" 1475: 1458: 1325: 913: 746: 280: 250: 4266: 7881: 7479: 7404: 7124: 6726: 5650: 5358: 5300: 3216: 2933: 1382: 1031: 1026: 666: 6134: 6069: 4843: 7947: 6855: 6333: 3618: 3583: 3557: 2492: 1305: 1072: 946:. However recent scholarship has suggested that social cognitive theories of aggression are outdated and should be retired. 776: 6364: 3574: 2771:) primarily aimed at younger audiences has emerged with the intention of promoting Jewish religious concepts related to the 5860: 5711: 5683: 3160:– A totally non-violent game wherein the player traverses a natural landscape as a small person in order to get to the end. 2353:, and his legal actions against violent video games have been intimately linked to his religious views. As groups like the 7677: 7399: 7174: 5984: 5176: 3798:

fantasy violence (cartoon characters that must fight or destroy things, and risk being killed, in order to achieve a goal)

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more progress in math, reading comprehension, and spelling than the children who did not use games in their classrooms.

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have been designed specifically to target female markets and contains little or no violence in keeping with what some

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Games with environmental hazards only – Games lacking enemies, but containing a potentially violent environment (e.g.

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Television and Video Game Violence: Age Differences and the Combined Effects of Passive and Interactive Violent Media

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is a game where a non-violent player meets and travels with a second anonymous player on a journey to a mountaintop.

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An example of a notable Christian video game organization is the Christian Game Developers Foundation, focusing on

2454: 981: 681: 436: 260: 2667: 2291:" compared to a majority of violent games in the top ten favorites of boys. Ultimately, the conclusion reached in 601:

Controversies surrounding the negative influences of video games are nearly as old as the medium itself. In 1964,

583:. However, a number of games at the fringe of the "non-violence" label can only be viewed as objectively violent. 7871: 7777: 7716: 6882: 6848: 6492: 3612: 3413: 3293:, the player doesn't shoot anything at all, but merely clicks walls with the cursor. Similarly, in games such as 3208: 3144: 2928:

the challenge has been to expand the concepts of non-violence into such traditionally violent gameplay genres as

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has filed lawsuits against the makers of violent games, alleging the violent content causes real-world violence.

7957: 7761: 7331: 7222: 7204: 7057: 6626: 6148: 4183:. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College – Department of Psychology. December 2002. 3932: 3671: 3192: 3083: 2994: 2981: 2907: 2459: 2346: 2339: 2248: 1294: 1219: 1006: 991: 6218: 4395: 3698: 6831: 6566: 5787: 3663:

to contain equal degrees of violence. Christian developers have made various attempts at the genre including

7696: 7386: 7214: 5582: 5232: 4984: 3824: 3812: 3119: 3014: 2507:, a Christian first-person game produced by N'Lightening Software involving holy swords instead of guns. In 2503: 1106: 973: 909: 764: 330: 270: 6668:

I should also mention that there is no shooting to be found anywhere in the game. How positively refreshing

4773:

Parents’ Action Endorses New Clinton-Lieberman-Bayh Bill Banning the Sale of Violent Video Games to Minors.

4759:

Senators Clinton, Lieberman Announce Federal Legislation to Protect Children from Inappropriate Video Games

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little or no violence. The definition has been applied flexibly to games in such purposive genres as the

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been achieved to date. The number of studies in this field has blossomed contemporaneously with greater

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The separation of violent and nonviolent sports here illustrates a phenomenon also recognizable in the

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series or by recasting the enemies' deaths as "fainting", "sleeping", or becoming "stunned" as in the

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Olson, CK; Kutner, LA; Warner, DE; Almerigi, JB; Baer, L; Nicholi, AM (2007). "Jr, & Beresin EV:

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Christian Video Games Offer Wholesome Action: Game Makers Hope Non-Violent Alternatives Will Catch On

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gameplay and Biblical principles. Another well known Christian video game creator and distributor is

2450: 2418: 2380: 2374: 2327: 2315: 955: 876: 752: 634: 580: 369: 255: 245: 218: 59: 5213: 4933: 4324:

Are the effects of unreal violent video games pronounced when playing with a virtual reality system?

7511: 7461: 7416: 7249: 7129: 6094: 5486: 5155: 5077: 5050: 4033:

Mussen, P.; Rutherford, E. (1961). "Effects of aggressive cartoons on children's aggressive play".

3785: 3624: 3437: 3278: 2531: 2517: 2407: 780: 734: 442: 352: 114: 90: 54: 38: 4114:"Paradigm change in aggression research: The time has come to retire the General Aggression Model" 2781:, a puzzle-adventure game featuring a non-violent battle between Rabbis that takes the form of an 7912: 7854: 7516: 7484: 7359: 7336: 7192: 7162: 6997: 6967: 6764: 6684: 6600: 6320: 5774: 5513: 4305: 4094: 3425: 3075: 2718:

have been created that promote the Five Precepts and Buddhism generally. The Buddhist concept of

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Games with enemies – Games with violent enemies which the player-character must avoid (e.g. the

5908: 5427: 4013: 3023:, for instance, is an abstraction of a scenario that often leads to a patently violent result. 7917: 7830: 7825: 7496: 7442: 7351: 7184: 7144: 6947: 6705: 6399: 5856: 5473: 5081: 5054: 5026: 4811: 4297: 4197: 4161: 4157: 4086: 4050: 3951: 3843: 3050: 3027: 2986: 2955: 2947: 2920: 2864: 2579: 2323: 2288: 2277: 1130: 1098: 837: 646: 397: 290: 208: 166: 85: 65: 6018: 5461: 5073:

Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth About Violent Video Games and What Parents Can Do

5046:

Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth About Violent Video Games and What Parents Can Do

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have avoided the issue by expressing the view that justified violence is morally acceptable.

2431:

as he non-violently shoots food with a slingshot in order to sate hordes of ravening animals.

2410:

group, has advised parents in relation to video games to "avoid the violent ones altogether.

2275:, wherein it was found that among girls, nine of the "top ten were nonviolent games such as 7907: 7818: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7578: 7573: 7528: 7369: 7134: 7035: 6974: 6914: 6871: 6756: 6655: 6315: 5018: 4613: 4585: 4560: 4535: 4464: 4439: 4358: 4289: 4281: 4225: 4128: 4078: 4042: 3820: 3736: 3499: 3039: 3035: 3031: 2959: 2951: 2737: 1534: 1178: 698: 602: 402: 295: 119: 6243: 5815: 5286: 7876: 7566: 7421: 7042: 7002: 6817: 6733: 6612: 6442: 6258: 6225: 6204: 6185: 6101: 6073: 5988: 5938: 5915: 5864: 5822: 5718: 5697: 5636: 5589: 5559: 5493: 5468: 5398: 5391: 5362: 5326: 5239: 5162: 4992: 4909: 4886: 4730: 4608: 4580: 4555: 4530: 4485: 4459: 4434: 3831: 3535: 3530: 3397:– The sequel of the original Chex Quest, featuring the same premise of non-violent action. 3356: 3289: 2604:

rather than that the character applies is not considered to make the game a violent game.

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Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life

2911:

propel us toward spiritual enlightenment". This project seems to have been discontinued.

5137: 4627: 4478: 4136: 2803:, Muslim developer Afkar Media has also produced at least one non-violent game entitled 7521: 7227: 7111: 7023: 7018: 6909: 6003: 4229: 3687:, a game where the player tries to foster peace between Israelis and Palestinians, and 3635: 3272: 3184: 2998: 2262: 1417: 1401: 1102: 1075:, a $ 5 billion lawsuit was filed in 2001 against a number of video game companies and 921: 692: 347: 4413: 3753: 2722:

has been emphasized in a number of Buddhist games as a reaction to perceptions of the

2473:

humor with enemies such as flying, bat-winged clown heads (modeled after the biblical

2413: 2365:

have developed within the greater gaming community in reaction to this growing niche.

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human violence (like fantasy violence, but with human rather than cartoon characters)

3568: 3238: 3231: 3169: 3106: 3010: 2937: 2873: 2732: 2714:, a number of stand-alone video games eschewing violence, such as the 2007 Thai game 2613: 2559: 2319: 2300: 1351: 1301: 1263: 1157: 977: 934: 804: 794: 710: 640: 5966: 5428:

Buddhist video game aims to teach morals – Outbreak of kindness expected in Thailand

5355: 4744: 4309: 4098: 986: 7902: 7864: 7706: 7556: 7474: 7139: 7101: 7062: 6962: 6942: 6924: 6447: 6066: 5432: 4428:

Federal appeals panel upholds dismissal of lawsuit against movie, video game makers

4339:. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, April 2000 Vol. 78, No. 4, 772–790. 3858: 3709: 3678: 3602: 3511: 3393: 3337: 3201: 3164: 3123: 2831: 2760: 2711: 2469:, for instance, have attempted to avoid claims of violence by using "off the wall" 2395: 1980: 1194: 1122: 661: 650:(1988) raised concerns about video game violence in the arcade. Home games such as 612: 467: 392: 382: 359: 176: 124: 5104: 2567: 2242: 6417: 5732: 4194:

Interacting with video: Volume 11 of Advances in applied developmental psychology

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series; however neither of these series has been explicitly labeled non-violent.

7813: 7787: 7610: 7583: 7561: 7364: 7313: 6957: 6892: 6760: 5851: 5655: 4923:

De Angeli, A.; Brahnam, S. (2006). "Sex stereotypes and conversational agents".

4689: 3903: 3487: 3321: 2929: 2895: 2535: 2483: 1920: 1389: 1076: 728: 671: 559: 426: 337: 151: 102: 5180: 3547: 2793:

Despite notoriety in the Western press for controversial violent games such as

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In 2006, Escapist magazine reported that a Hindu first-person shooter entitled

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Videogames caused 9/11: Disgusting trailer for Moral Kombat documentary is bad

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The #1 Selling Sequel, "Extreme PaintBrawl 4" Assaults Retail Stores' Shelves

5746: 5629: 2617: 7633: 7551: 7254: 7232: 6680: 6287: 5769: 5263:. Gamepraise.net (also available at Objectiveministries.org). 1 August 2006. 4816: 4670: 4382: 4378:

ACE, Christian Developers Conference Focuses On Responsible Game Development

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One rare example of an RPG that was designed as a non-violent video game is

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also are primarily non-violent in nature. Other electronic game genres like

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as comparatively non-violent games despite their lack of a Christian focus.

2477:) that shoot rays out of their nose, or alien Nazis (a mocking reference to 2470: 1377: 1267: 1234: 1126: 954:

together with the clear popularity of violent video game genres such as the

626:

Discussion of the impact of violence in video games came as early as 1976's

447: 5951: 5497:. Torah Educational Software – Jewish Software. Retrieved 22 November 2008. 5030: 5007:

Factors correlated with violent video game use by adolescent boys and girls

4301: 4154:

Children, Adolescents, and Media Violence – A Critical Look at the Research

4090: 4054: 3978: 3561:, features a non-violent hero who spreads repentance by sharing holy fruit. 3109:

that lacks much of the violence traditionally associated with platformers.

7897: 7849: 7795: 7721: 7711: 7590: 7303: 6465: 6229: 6120: 5929: 5123: 4675: 4216:

Cooper, J.; Mackie, D. (1986). "Video games and aggression in children".

3983: 3908: 3729: 3722: 3380: 3348: 3115: 2851: 2571: 2362: 2358: 1805: 1110: 1014: 1002: 821: 790: 686: 572: 409: 198: 181: 4985:

VVG's – Violent Video Games – Are Your Students Tuned In To A VVG World?

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in general. In the early 1960, studies were conducted on the effects of

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The Psychological Effects of Media Violence on Children and Adolescents

6422: 6404: 6078: 4791: 4293: 4023:"Are there any benefits of playing video games" Retrieved 13 April 2014 3401: 3156: 3101: 2842:

misrepresented the game as "anti-muslim". The game was never released.

2723: 2495:(alleged to have been caused by the shooters' obsession with the game, 2399: 1441: 1429: 1214:

which barred ultra-violent video games and mandated the application of

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Editor-in-chief, Katharine Castle; Castle, Katharine (21 March 2024).

2538:, which is best known for its unlicensed Christian video games on the 5894: 4797: 4322:

Arriaga, P., Esteves, F., Caneiro, P., & Monteiro, M. B. (2008).

4285: 4046: 3197: 2719: 2595: 2587: 1453: 1365: 1358: 1246:. Both of these bills were passed by the assembly and signed by Gov. 1094: 6840: 6640: 3136:

processing benefits without the negatives associated with violence.

2674:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2449:, there have been few genres as unassailably violent as that of the 3204:

by defeating a host of shopping-mall-related machines gone haywire.

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is overtly violent.) Similarly, James Dobson, PhD., founder of the

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Columbine lawsuit against makers of video games, movies thrown out

4453:

High court won't revive suit blaming Hollywood for school shooting

3176: 3095: 2975: 2974: 2772: 2707:(action) which will bear its fruit when the conditions are right. 2591: 2583: 2563: 2093: 1465: 1010: 958:

have led some game designers to publish non-violent alternatives.

5414:

A non-violent first person Hindu shooter using the Unreal engine?

5272: 2752:

While the earliest games to feature a Jewish main character (the

3862: 3504: 3302:

Often modeled upon violent FPS games, non-violent FPSes such as

3295: 3254:

The application of the term "non-violent" to genres such as the

2428: 2296:

biological and mental-health factors." This conclusion supports

1951: 1134: 1036: 1018: 6844: 6832:

Derivative Rights, Moral Rights, And Movie Filtering Technology

6821:. Australian Commonwealth, State and Territory Ministers. 1999. 3705:

Some examples of relatively nonviolent strategy games include:

3677:

Secular non-violent video game designers have emerged from the

2989:

aspects, though minesweeper takes its name from a facet of war.

2730:

has also influenced a number of nonviolent video games such as

2627:

There must be the knowledge that it is a sentient living being.

6386: 6351: 5852:

Steer Madness – Non-violent video game top pick for PETA award

5446: 5377: 4709:

Court rejects appeal in Alabama suit blaming game for slayings

4694: 3979:

When Two Tribes Go to War: A History of Video Game Controversy

3748: 3406: 2839: 2814: 2775:. One notable non-violent game that explores Jewish themes is 2727: 2639: 2391: 2010: 1186:

shooting incident. On 7 November 2005, Thompson withdrew from

1051:, refusing to review the case because it was not dismissed on 6798:

Mortal Kombat and children’s perceptions of aggressive intent

6034:"Dishonored's Party Level Rewrote The Rules of Stealth Games" 5509:

A rabbi as superhero – the wacky premise of a hit video game

4524:

Federal suit blames video-game makers for Columbine shooting

4511:

Interactive Digital Software Association v. St. Louis County

4014:

http://www.cmch.tv/mentors_teachers/video_games_benefits.asp

3788:, there are six categories into which games may be divided: 3745:

Non-violent sports games and non-violent vehicle simulations

3319:

or the removal of the red shroud from the death-sequence in

2850:

In January 2007, artist Chris Nelson produced a non-violent

1066:

Interactive Digital Software Association v. St. Louis County

7469: 5462:

Sharp Shooters – Return To Castle Wolfenstein: Tides Of War

4479:

Controversial Ruling Finds Video Games Not Protected Speech

3878:

An example of a notable non-violent sports game company is

3650:

allows players to resolve violence through peaceful means.

3616:

series – a simulation/RPG game. Additionally, such RPGs as

2919:

Non-violent video games as a genre are characterized as a

4265:

Polman, H.; de Castro, B. O.; van Aken, M. A. G. (2008).

4414:

A political odd couple's advice on finding common ground

2582:, architecture (which let you purify demonic areas) and 2256:

studies have suggested appeals more to female audiences.

6627:

Games: E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial and the Cosmic Garden

6567:

Serious game: resolving conflict with non-violent means

5982:

GameSetPlaying: What Games Are Grabbing Your Attention?

5770:

News: Crash Dummy vs. the evil D-Troit Website Launched

5603:

Subverting violent computer games with religious poetry

4903:

From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games

4574:

Violent video games are protected speech, companies say

3765: 2663: 1085:

by victims of the tragedy. Also named in the suit were

6582:"Dorfromantik devs tease new space game Project Mango" 3315:

to become the green shroud from the slime-sequence in

3026:

Other common traditionally non-violent genres include

783:, revealed that they had been fans of the video game, 3196:– A game lacking violence to sentient beings wherein 3045:

Examples of traditionally non-violent games include:

2858:

which he exhibited during the ACSW conference at the

2481:

religious beliefs) Other Christian FPS games such as

5733:

Game Developers Choice Awards, 2012 Game of the Year

5301:"Disney's Atlantis: The Lost Empire - Trial By Fire" 2763:, a number of non-violent Jewish games (such as the 1254:

In 2005, in reaction to such controversial games as

1079:, the makers of the purportedly violent video game, 7890: 7806: 7770: 7732: 7626: 7619: 7544: 7460: 7435: 7385: 7350: 7322: 7284: 7275: 7213: 7183: 7153: 7110: 7084: 7011: 6988: 6923: 6900: 6891: 5670:

Violent Computer games boost brain processing power

5616:

Portable Video Game, this couldn't get any more Tao

4927:. Real and Virtual Women in a Male World Workshop. 4748:. BBC News. 14 July 2005. Retrieved 29 August 2006. 4004:

article. 9 November 2005. Retrieved 8 October 2008.

3445:, created only for corporate training environments. 2993:Among traditionally non-violent games are included 2636:

There must be death, as the result of the said act.

2594:through completion of quests and cleansing the six 5890:Does Portal’s Success Presage Game Industry Shift? 5544:. Religious Education. Retrieved 23 November 2008. 5070:Kutner, Lawrence, PhD and Olson, Cheryl K., Sc.D. 5043:Kutner, Lawrence, PhD and Olson, Cheryl K., Sc.D. 4844:"Supreme Court rejects ban on violent video games" 4499:American Amusement Machine Association v. Kendrick 4192:Greenfield, Patricia Marks and Cocking, Rodney R. 3807:sports violence (fighting or destruction involved) 3792:general entertainment (no fighting or destruction) 3681:movement and include such anti-violence titles as 2759:' William "B.J." Blazkowicz) are characterized by 1061:American Amusement Machine Association v. Kendrick 5651:PrayStation: The 6 Most Misguided Christian Video 4786:Lieberman denounces 'Grand Theft Auto' video game 2612:According to Buddhist morality, the first of the 1137:. Violent video games mentioned by name included 605:, a noted media theorist, suggested in his book, 6641:Mudcraft A Non-Violent Real Time Strategy Game?! 2586:(rituals). Gameplay involved acquisition of the 2435:Although Christian games have been around since 597:Video game controversy § Crime and violence 6522:"Make Love, Not War: Five Years Of 'Undertale'" 6180:. DefenceGaming.org review. 26 September 2006. 5342:Buy incomplete game on eBay, finish it yourself 5214:"GameSpy: Left Behind: Eternal Forces - Page 1" 4952:Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Design 4476:Krug, Judith F. & Caldwell-Stone, Deborah. 2818:] can't get through the separation walls." 591:Video game violence and attendant controversies 6493:DS Fanboy Review: Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney 6022:. Feature Archive. V.17 No.21. 22–28 May 2008. 5156:Converting Video Games Into Instruments of God 4396:Viewizard announces the release of Memonix 1.4 4245:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 3804:nonviolent sports (no fighting or destruction) 3139:Examples of non-violent action games include: 2876:on the subject in February of the same month. 6856: 5593:. Pizza Sandwich. Retrieved 23 November 2008. 5402:. The Great Games Experiment. 19 August 2008. 4549:'Doom' distributors seek dismissal of lawsuit 4417:. Christian Science Monitor. 19 October 2004. 3784:According to the Funk and Buchman method for 2954:are for the most part naturally non-violent. 2826:Exceptionally rare, the few Sikh games (e.g. 539: 8: 5712:Game of the Year, 16th Annual D.I.C.E Awards 4411:Provenzo, Eugene F., Jr. and Jack Thompson. 3997:Violent Video Games Produce Violent Behavior 2453:(FPS). The majority of games that have been 1172:In 2005, Jack Thompson brought suit against 148:Specialized / alternative-paradigmatic types 4946: 4944: 4407: 4405: 4351:Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 7623: 7281: 6897: 6863: 6849: 6841: 5233:Teen's Hard Times Can Help Build Character 5149: 5147: 4896: 4894: 4156:. Media Violence and the Concept of Risk. 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3947:Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man 2898:has been considered a Taoist puzzle game. 2630:There must be an intention to cause death. 1342: 1289:Entertainment Software Association v. Foti 608:Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man 546: 532: 20: 6727:Twisted List: Top Nonviolent Sports Games 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5177:"IGN: Left Behind: Eternal Forces Review" 4962: 4960: 4932: 4260: 4258: 4211: 4209: 4035:Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 3795:educational (learning or problem solving) 2690:Learn how and when to remove this message 2501:), Rev. Ralph Bagley began production on 1212:California Assembly Bills 1792 & 1793 6548:Video Game Teaches Non-Violent Solutions 6208:. Nordic Serious Games. 3 December 2003. 6089: 6087: 5098: 5096: 5094: 3693:, a nonviolence-themed game designed by 3546: 3462:Greg Hastings Tournament Paintball MAX'D 2948:Emergent and more recent gameplay genres 2412: 2241: 1182:in representation of the victims of the 985: 926: 924:to explore violent behavioral modeling. 908:shares approximate contemporaneity with 6704:. Sage Publications. pp. 122–123. 6149:Elebits: Nintendo Wii Video Game Review 5919:. ThinkArtificial.org. 10 October 2007. 5138:The Purpose Driven Life Takers (Part 1) 4978: 4976: 4690:Jack Thompson's Alabama License Revoked 4513:, 200 F. Supp. 2d 1126 (E.D. Mo. 2002). 3919: 3343:Examples of non-violent FPSes include: 3242:– a vegetarian-themed game endorsed by 1218:ratings for video games. Yee, a former 1043:upheld the dismissal, and in 2003, the 37: 6608: 6598: 4968:The Effects of Video Games on Children 4950:Rollings, Andrew & Adams, Ernest. 4900:Cassell, J. & Jenkins, H. (Eds.). 4812:"Senate Proposes New ESRB Legislation" 4596: 4594: 3409:-based first-person hide-and-seek game 3007:construction and management simulation 2726:state of modern games. The concept of 1167:Video Software Dealers Ass'n v. Maleng 16:Video games with little or no violence 5366:Gaygamer.com review. 15 October 2006. 5108:. BBC News – Washington. 24 May 2005. 3515:– A first-person target-shooting game 7: 6811:Computer Games and Australians Today 6461:Non Sci-Fi or Military FPS/TPS Ideas 5791:. StrategyInformer. 11 October 2006. 5759:Subrahmanyam & Greenfield. 1994. 5583:Baha’i video games: but do they pwn? 5555:"BBC charged with misrepresentation" 4326:Aggressive Behavior, 34(5), 521–538. 4218:Journal of Applied Social Psychology 4196:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1996. 1304:(R-KS) introduced the United States 1286:In June 2006, the Louisiana case of 6737:. G4TV TechTV Vault. 16 April 2002. 6702:Children, Adolescents and the Media 6654:Anderson, John J. (December 1983). 6219:Greg Hastings' Tournament Paintball 4659:. Tuscaloosa News. 8 November 2005. 4335:Anderson, Craig & Dill, Karen. 2633:An act must be done to cause death. 2379:There has been a rapid increase in 1272:Family Entertainment Protection Act 1206:In 2005, California State Senator, 6507:Recommended Nonviolent Video Games 6288:Nintendo to pioneer new game genre 5179:. 17 November 2006. Archived from 5126:forum. Retrieved 22 November 2008. 5105:Christians purge video game demons 4712:. Associated Press. 29 March 2006. 4230:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01755.x 3986:feature. Retrieved 8 October 2008. 3600:Secular examples include Capcom's 3450:Greg Hastings Tournament Paintball 3258:(FPS), that many players consider 3148:– Multi-awarded Game of the Year, 2985:contain traditionally non-violent 2888:'s non-violent puzzle video game, 670:video game, and then in 1993 with 508:List of video game industry people 14: 6658:. Creative Computing. p. 114 6291:. Gameblitz.com. 8 November 2000. 5802:Crash Dummy vs. the evil D-Troit 5378:Allen Varney Writer Game Designer 5194:Kuchera, Ben (14 December 2006). 4970:. Continuum Int'l Pub. Grp. 1998. 4913:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1998. 4860:Dr. David Walsh (21 March 2000). 4656:Attorney in Fayette case bows out 4644:. Legal Television Network. 2008. 3250:Non-violent first person shooters 906:history of video game development 615:in December 1982. The same year, 7075: 6479:Capcom's Ace Attorney Video Game 5805:. StrategyInformer review. 2008. 5788:Crash Dummy vs. the evil D-Troit 5747:The Top 100 Indie Games – Part 4 5023:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.01.001 4866:. (PDF). Retrieved 13 July 2008. 4745:Clinton wades into GTA sex storm 3950:. Signet. 1964. Re-issued 1994. 3752: 3429: – A non-lethal 2915:Types of non-violent video games 2644: 1464: 1452: 1440: 1428: 1416: 1400: 1388: 1376: 1364: 1357: 1350: 1326:Video game content rating system 747:Carmageddon II: Carpocalypse Now 301:Intellectual property protection 24: 6053:At Last A "Doom" Game For Kids! 4925:Proc. of Gender and Interaction 4842:; Snider, Mike (28 June 2011). 4628:Wash. bans 'violent' game sales 4121:Aggression and Violent Behavior 3819:sports games, so too are there 3597:based on economic development. 3217:Crash Dummy Vs The Evil D-Troit 2971:Traditionally non-violent games 2427:, the player takes the role of 2363:"Religion and Philosophy" forum 1027:1997 Heath High School shooting 6700:and Barbara J. Wilson (2002). 6681:New: Outpost Kaloki Ships/Demo 5684:Gamespot Game of the Year 2012 5605:. ABC Radio. 26 February 2007. 5141:. Talk to Action. 29 May 2006. 4501:, 244 F.3d 572 (7th Cir. 2001) 4112:Ferguson, Christopher (2012). 3619:Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar 3543:Non-violent role-playing games 3441:– A military game made by the 3287:, as in certain games such as 2493:Columbine High School massacre 1306:Truth in Video Game Rating Act 1300:On 27 September 2006, Senator 1073:Columbine High School massacre 1041:Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals 777:Columbine High School massacre 571:characterized by little or no 1: 6520:Diaz, Ana (17 October 2020). 6166:. Business Wire. 14 May 2002. 5619:. The Tao Bums. 25 July 2008. 5530:. Retrieved 23 November 2008. 5450:. Retrieved 22 November 2008. 5290:. New York Times. 1 May 2005. 5196:"Left Behind: Eternal Forces" 4771:Parents Action for Children. 4762:. Retrieved 18 December 2005. 4671:Alabama judge tosses Thompson 3702:with violent strategy games. 2830:) in existence are primarily 2540:Nintendo Entertainment System 1256:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 1229:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 773:Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold 503:List of video game publishers 491:List of video game developers 6032:Burford, GB (30 July 2014). 5011:Journal of Adolescent Health 4775:. Retrieved 10 October 2006. 4363:10.1016/0193-3973(87)90033-5 3893:A Modest Video Game Proposal 3740:– a strategy/simulation game 3538:first-person game from Japan 1346:Violence Level/Rating System 1025:on behalf of the victims of 518:List of video game magazines 6761:10.1177/0907568298005002005 6570:. The Guardian. 8 May 2006. 6152:. Kidzworld.com, Inc. 2008. 3872:NBA Jam: Tournament Edition 3666:Left Behind: Eternal Forces 2956:Purposive video game genres 2670:the claims made and adding 2404:Left Behind: Eternal Forces 2387:Left Behind: Eternal Forces 1174:Sony Computer Entertainment 1115:Sony Computer Entertainment 1023:Sony Computer Entertainment 513:List of video game websites 7974: 7073: 6644:. PlayThisThing.com. 2008. 6105:DarkGreen HQ review. 2006. 5930:Welcome to “The Fox” Films 5840:. PlayThisThing.com. 2008. 4399:. GameZone. 28 April 2005. 3654:Non-violent strategy games 3491:– non-violent arena-style 3443:Swedish Defence University 3120:media violence researchers 2769:Torah Educational Software 2574:, breathing (meditation), 2372: 2337: 2235: 1323: 1005:and (now former) attorney 897: 594: 557: 437:Advertising in video games 6883:List of video game genres 6878: 6450:review. 6 September 2006. 5698:IGN Game of the Year 2012 5673:. The Times. 29 May 2003. 5361:19 September 2009 at the 5287:PlayStations of the Cross 4729:24 September 2015 at the 4631:. CNN/Money. 21 May 2003. 4133:10.1016/j.avb.2012.02.007 3644:The fan-funded indie RPG 3414:Gotcha! Extreme Paintball 3042:, and traditional games. 2562:, the player employs the 2246:Games such as Nintendo's 2212: 2206: 1933: 1927: 1572: 1339:Table of violence ratings 1316:(H.R.6120) to the House. 793:for it today dubbed "the 306:Digital rights management 7175:Digital collectible card 6732:8 September 2005 at the 6337:VGPro.com summary. 2008. 6305:VGPro.com summary. 2008. 6135:Elebits – Is It For You? 5987:18 December 2008 at the 5863:21 November 2008 at the 5588:21 November 2008 at the 5492:16 December 2008 at the 5325:6 September 2008 at the 3092:Non-violent action games 3015:vehicle simulation games 2906:Non-profit organization 2624:The being must be alive. 2355:fundamentalist Christian 2340:Religion and video games 1071:In the aftermath of the 962:Lawsuits and legislation 944:General Aggression Model 664:'s release of the first 7260:Roguelike deck-building 7168:Roguelike deck-building 6816:25 January 2016 at the 6203:20 October 2008 at the 6095:Chex Quest 1, 2 & 3 6072:4 December 2008 at the 5937:21 October 2008 at the 5914:2 November 2009 at the 5821:5 December 2008 at the 5635:16 October 2010 at the 5630:Heartseed's About Page 5467:4 December 2008 at the 5397:20 October 2008 at the 5119:Religion and Philosophy 4991:29 October 2008 at the 4908:25 January 2009 at the 4881:. MIT Media Lab. 1998. 4607:20 October 2008 at the 4579:20 October 2008 at the 4554:20 October 2008 at the 4529:20 October 2008 at the 4484:1 December 2008 at the 4458:20 October 2008 at the 4433:20 October 2008 at the 4177:Meyers, Kelly Stephen. 4083:10.1111/1467-9280.00366 3813:vehicle simulation game 3786:classifying video games 1107:Interplay Entertainment 920:framework developed by 910:media violence research 789:, and had even created 765:Requiem: Avenging Angel 613:MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour 33:Part of a series on the 6019:Emerge Remerge Demerge 5906:Thorisson, Hrafn, Th. 5816:Treasure Quest v.1.1.0 4885:7 October 2007 at the 3562: 3227:– a puzzle/action game 3209:Barney's Hide and Seek 3110: 2990: 2902:Religion neutral games 2884:Video game publisher, 2860:University of Ballarat 2558:, a game based on the 2432: 2351:Christian conservative 2284:Dance Dance Revolution 2257: 1314:Video Game Decency Act 1000:Christian conservative 995: 938: 918:social learning theory 775:, the shooters in the 565:Nonviolent video games 7948:Video game censorship 7502:Tactical role-playing 7267:Tactical role-playing 6698:Victor C. Strasburger 6553:National Public Radio 5909:Puzzling with Portals 5826:. SoftPile.com. 2007. 5717:22 April 2013 at the 5166:LA Times. 10 May 2006 5153:Chmielewski, Dawn C. 4142:on 27 September 2013. 4071:Psychological Science 3899:Christian video games 3690:A Force More Powerful 3550: 3099: 3003:life simulation games 2978: 2845: 2554:was in the works. In 2416: 2381:Christian video games 2349:is a self proclaimed 2334:Religious perspective 2316:life simulation games 2293:Grand Theft Childhood 2272:Grand Theft Childhood 2245: 1251:be unconstitutional. 1248:Arnold Schwarzenegger 1087:Acclaim Entertainment 1009:brought suit against 989: 930: 814:Modus tollendo ponens 768:(1999) among others. 7882:Vertically scrolling 6630:. Answers.com. 2008. 6586:Rock, Paper, Shotgun 6441:3 March 2011 at the 6244:Weekly Report, 10/17 6100:23 July 2011 at the 5392:My Escapist Articles 5183:on 17 November 2006. 5078:Simon & Schuster 5051:Simon & Schuster 4734:. Houston Law Review 3590:A Tale in the Desert 3525:Christian video game 3256:first-person shooter 2942:first-person shooter 2761:militant anti-Nazism 2580:Gandharva Veda music 2451:first-person shooter 2419:Christian video game 2402:have disagreed that 2375:Christian video game 2328:first-person shooter 1669:Historical violence 1262:along with Senators 1244:Global Gaming League 956:first-person shooter 914:violence in cartoons 818:disjunctive argument 753:Blood II: The Chosen 644:(1987) and Midway's 581:Christian video game 370:Downloadable content 7512:Turn-based strategy 7417:Submarine simulator 7223:Action role-playing 7130:Interactive fiction 6496:. 28 February 2008. 6259:Weekly Report, 8/24 6256:Cunningham, James. 6241:Cunningham, James. 6224:28 May 2011 at the 6184:5 June 2008 at the 6116:Gamers with Elebits 5859:. 27 January 2005. 5687:. 25 December 2012. 5339:Kietzmann, Ludwig. 5261:Marty Bee Interview 5238:17 May 2009 at the 5230:Dobson, James. Dr. 5161:7 July 2012 at the 4982:Nash, Nora M. OSF. 4678:. 18 November 2005. 4668:Sinclair, Brendan. 4563:. 3 September 2001. 4274:Aggressive Behavior 3944:McLuhan, Marshall. 3933:ABC News/Technology 3716:E.T.: Cosmic Garden 3625:Planescape: Torment 3520:Super 3D Noah's Ark 2710:Although primarily 2424:Super 3D Noah's Ark 2408:Focus on the Family 1721:Fictional violence 1695:Realistic violence 1482:Exceeding violence 1320:Degrees of violence 1224:publicly criticized 1032:James v. Meow Media 781:Columbine, Colorado 353:Episodic video game 39:Video game industry 7913:Video game modding 7855:Nonlinear gameplay 7517:Turn-based tactics 7485:Real-time strategy 6611:has generic name ( 6418:NRA Gun Club (PS2) 6277:. 1 December 2007. 6262:. 24 October 2005. 6247:. 17 October 2005. 6007:. 10 October 2007. 6001:Bergfeld, Carlos. 5970:. 15 October 2007. 5955:. 25 October 2007. 5949:Fletcher, Andrew. 5897:. 31 January 2008. 5887:Au, Wagner James. 5750:. 2 February 2008. 5514:The Jerusalem Post 5417:. 18 October 2007. 5345:. 19 October 2006. 5330:. 10 October 2006. 5243:. 10 October 2004. 5135:Hutson, Jonathan. 4829:27 September 2006. 4801:. 25 January 2004. 4697:. 21 November 2005 4152:Kirsh, Stephen J. 3976:Gonzalez, Lauren. 3764:. You can help by 3699:Slobodan Milošević 3563: 3426:Extreme Paintbrawl 3325:for the deaths in 3111: 2991: 2934:role-playing games 2655:possibly contains 2433: 2324:puzzle video games 2258: 2232:Gender perspective 1839:Moderate violence 1238:, and opposes the 1220:child psychologist 1189:Strickland v. Sony 1133:, Meow Media, and 1045:U.S. Supreme Court 1039:law. In 2002, the 996: 939: 900:Video game effects 800:In December 2001, 759:Grand Theft Auto 2 378:Games as a service 7953:Video game genres 7930: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7918:Video game remake 7826:Emergent gameplay 7497:Real-time tactics 7456: 7455: 7395:Flight simulation 7125:Graphic adventure 7071: 7070: 6872:Video game genres 6724:Sargent, Martin. 6564:Krotoski, Aleks. 6490:Savino, Candace. 6138:24 December 2006. 5857:The Vancouver Sun 5722:.7 February 2013. 5667:Henderson, Mark. 5527:Road Block Buster 5516:. 4 January 2007. 5487:Educational Games 5474:The Village Voice 5426:Sherriff, Lucy. " 5259:Linder, Matthew. 5080:. 15 April 2008. 5053:. 15 April 2008. 4721:Byrd, Patrick R. 4158:SAGE Publications 4019:14 April 2014 at 3935:. 17 August 2005. 3828:flight simulators 3782: 3781: 3584:Spiritual Warfare 3558:Spiritual Warfare 3051:Sudoku Gridmaster 3036:programming games 3032:music video games 2960:educational games 2952:music video games 2870:The Seven Valleys 2865:Unreal Tournament 2856:The Seven Valleys 2809:Road Block Buster 2805:Road Block Buster 2783:insult swordfight 2700: 2699: 2692: 2657:original research 2572:Ayurvedic healing 2229: 2228: 1893:Minimal violence 1617:Intense violence 1270:, introduced the 1131:Atari Corporation 1099:Eidos Interactive 838:Sudoku Gridmaster 556: 555: 398:Microtransactions 167:Interactive movie 7965: 7908:Video game clone 7624: 7620:Related concepts 7427:Vehicular combat 7282: 7155:Digital tabletop 7135:Interactive film 7095:Grand Theft Auto 7086:Action-adventure 7079: 7036:Platform fighter 6915:Platform fighter 6898: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6842: 6836: 6828: 6822: 6807: 6801: 6794: 6788: 6781:Cantor, Joanne. 6779: 6773: 6772: 6744: 6738: 6722: 6716: 6715: 6694: 6688: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6663: 6651: 6645: 6637: 6631: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6610: 6606: 6604: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6577: 6571: 6562: 6556: 6555:. 14 April 2006. 6543: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6517: 6511: 6503: 6497: 6488: 6482: 6481:. 24 March 2008. 6475: 6469: 6457: 6451: 6432: 6426: 6414: 6408: 6396: 6390: 6378: 6372: 6361: 6355: 6344: 6338: 6334:Laser Arena Demo 6330: 6324: 6312: 6306: 6302:Browse All Demos 6298: 6292: 6284: 6278: 6269: 6263: 6254: 6248: 6239: 6233: 6215: 6209: 6194: 6188: 6173: 6167: 6159: 6153: 6145: 6139: 6130: 6124: 6112: 6106: 6091: 6082: 6063: 6057: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6029: 6023: 6014: 6008: 5999: 5993: 5992:28 October 2007. 5979:Carless, Simon. 5977: 5971: 5962: 5956: 5947: 5941: 5933:. 19 June 2008. 5926: 5920: 5904: 5898: 5885: 5879: 5878:. Encarta. 2007. 5873: 5867: 5847: 5841: 5833: 5827: 5812: 5806: 5798: 5792: 5784: 5778: 5766: 5760: 5757: 5751: 5743: 5737: 5736:. 27 March 2013. 5729: 5723: 5708: 5702: 5694: 5688: 5680: 5674: 5665: 5659: 5646: 5640: 5626: 5620: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5551: 5545: 5537: 5531: 5523: 5517: 5504: 5498: 5483: 5477: 5457: 5451: 5443: 5437: 5436:. 13 March 2007. 5424: 5418: 5409: 5403: 5387: 5381: 5373: 5367: 5356:My Hindu Shooter 5352: 5346: 5337: 5331: 5320:My Hindu Shooter 5315: 5309: 5308: 5297: 5291: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5257: 5244: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5173: 5167: 5151: 5142: 5133: 5127: 5115: 5109: 5102:Davis, Matthew. 5100: 5089: 5068: 5062: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5002: 4996: 4980: 4971: 4966:Gunter, Barrie. 4964: 4955: 4948: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4920: 4914: 4898: 4889: 4873: 4867: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4836: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4808: 4802: 4782: 4776: 4769: 4763: 4755: 4749: 4741: 4735: 4719: 4713: 4704: 4698: 4685: 4679: 4666: 4660: 4653:DeWitt, Robert. 4651: 4645: 4638: 4632: 4623: 4617: 4614:Associated Press 4598: 4589: 4586:Associated Press 4570: 4564: 4561:Associated Press 4545: 4539: 4538:. 24 April 2001. 4536:Associated Press 4520: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4474: 4468: 4465:Associated Press 4449: 4443: 4440:Associated Press 4424: 4418: 4409: 4400: 4392: 4386: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4346: 4340: 4333: 4327: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4286:10.1002/ab.20245 4271: 4262: 4253: 4252: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4213: 4204: 4190: 4184: 4175: 4169: 4160:. 2006. p. 276. 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4135:. Archived from 4118: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4047:10.1037/h0045672 4030: 4024: 4011: 4005: 3993: 3987: 3974: 3959: 3942: 3936: 3924: 3777: 3774: 3756: 3749: 3737:Outpost Kaloki X 3670:former attorney 3613:Story of Seasons 3523:– A non-violent 3500:Nerf Arena Blast 3477:– a non-violent 2921:genre by purpose 2836:Sarbloh Warriors 2738:The Game Factory 2695: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2675: 2672:inline citations 2648: 2647: 2640: 2556:My Hindu Shooter 2552:My Hindu Shooter 2312:female audiences 2289:simulation games 2225:Family Friendly 2067:Realistic Blood 1946:Family Friendly 1777:Cartoon violence 1748:Fantasy violence 1643:Strong violence 1535:Extreme violence 1508:Brutal violence 1469: 1468: 1457: 1456: 1445: 1444: 1433: 1432: 1421: 1420: 1405: 1404: 1393: 1392: 1381: 1380: 1369: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1343: 1281:Grand Theft Auto 1179:Grand Theft Auto 990:Former attorney 723:Grand Theft Auto 699:Mortal Kombat II 638:(1986), Namco's 603:Marshall McLuhan 548: 541: 534: 403:In-game currency 28: 21: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7962: 7958:Self-censorship 7933: 7932: 7931: 7922: 7886: 7877:Twitch gameplay 7802: 7766: 7728: 7615: 7567:Survival horror 7540: 7490:Time management 7452: 7431: 7422:Train simulator 7381: 7346: 7318: 7271: 7209: 7179: 7149: 7106: 7080: 7067: 7007: 7003:Survival horror 6984: 6919: 6887: 6874: 6869: 6839: 6829: 6825: 6818:Wayback Machine 6808: 6804: 6795: 6791: 6780: 6776: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6734:Wayback Machine 6723: 6719: 6712: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6678: 6674: 6661: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6638: 6634: 6624: 6620: 6607: 6597: 6590: 6588: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6563: 6559: 6544: 6540: 6530: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6514: 6504: 6500: 6489: 6485: 6477:Landis, Shawn. 6476: 6472: 6458: 6454: 6443:Wayback Machine 6433: 6429: 6415: 6411: 6397: 6393: 6379: 6375: 6365:Nerf ArenaBlast 6362: 6358: 6345: 6341: 6331: 6327: 6313: 6309: 6299: 6295: 6285: 6281: 6271:Sterling, Jim. 6270: 6266: 6255: 6251: 6240: 6236: 6226:Wayback Machine 6216: 6212: 6205:Wayback Machine 6195: 6191: 6186:Wayback Machine 6174: 6170: 6160: 6156: 6146: 6142: 6131: 6127: 6113: 6109: 6102:Wayback Machine 6092: 6085: 6074:Wayback Machine 6067:Narbacular Drop 6064: 6060: 6049: 6045: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6015: 6011: 6000: 5996: 5989:Wayback Machine 5978: 5974: 5963: 5959: 5952:Portal – Review 5948: 5944: 5939:Wayback Machine 5927: 5923: 5916:Wayback Machine 5905: 5901: 5886: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5865:Wayback Machine 5849:Morton, Brian. 5848: 5844: 5834: 5830: 5823:Wayback Machine 5813: 5809: 5799: 5795: 5785: 5781: 5767: 5763: 5758: 5754: 5744: 5740: 5730: 5726: 5719:Wayback Machine 5709: 5705: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5677: 5666: 5662: 5647: 5643: 5637:Wayback Machine 5627: 5623: 5613: 5609: 5601: 5597: 5590:Wayback Machine 5580: 5576: 5566: 5564: 5560:Hindustan Times 5553: 5552: 5548: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5520: 5506:Lando, Michal. 5505: 5501: 5494:Wayback Machine 5484: 5480: 5469:Wayback Machine 5459:Catucci, Nick. 5458: 5454: 5444: 5440: 5425: 5421: 5410: 5406: 5399:Wayback Machine 5388: 5384: 5375:Varney, Allen. 5374: 5370: 5363:Wayback Machine 5353: 5349: 5338: 5334: 5327:Wayback Machine 5317:Varney, Allen. 5316: 5312: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5284:Dee, Jonathan. 5283: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5258: 5247: 5240:Wayback Machine 5229: 5225: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5163:Wayback Machine 5152: 5145: 5134: 5130: 5116: 5112: 5101: 5092: 5069: 5065: 5042: 5038: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4993:Wayback Machine 4981: 4974: 4965: 4958: 4949: 4942: 4934:10.1.1.103.4574 4922: 4921: 4917: 4910:Wayback Machine 4899: 4892: 4887:Wayback Machine 4878:Genderizing HCI 4874: 4870: 4859: 4855: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4822: 4820: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4783: 4779: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4738: 4731:Wayback Machine 4720: 4716: 4705: 4701: 4686: 4682: 4667: 4663: 4652: 4648: 4640:Kramer, Irwin. 4639: 4635: 4625:Morris, Chris. 4624: 4620: 4616:. 5 March 2002. 4609:Wayback Machine 4599: 4592: 4588:. 19 July 2001. 4581:Wayback Machine 4571: 4567: 4556:Wayback Machine 4546: 4542: 4531:Wayback Machine 4521: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4486:Wayback Machine 4475: 4471: 4460:Wayback Machine 4450: 4446: 4435:Wayback Machine 4425: 4421: 4410: 4403: 4393: 4389: 4375:Dobson, Jason. 4374: 4370: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4334: 4330: 4321: 4317: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4256: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4215: 4214: 4207: 4191: 4187: 4176: 4172: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4116: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4012: 4008: 3994: 3990: 3975: 3962: 3943: 3939: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3888: 3857:Such sports as 3778: 3772: 3769: 3762:needs expansion 3747: 3656: 3545: 3536:survival horror 3531:Nanashi no Game 3503:– A non-lethal 3474:Ken's Labyrinth 3465:– A non-lethal 3453:– A non-lethal 3417:– A non-lethal 3357:Narbacular Drop 3290:Narbacular Drop 3252: 3094: 2999:adventure games 2973: 2917: 2904: 2882: 2862:. Based on the 2848: 2824: 2791: 2750: 2696: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2661: 2649: 2645: 2610: 2548: 2532:family-friendly 2524:Narbacular Drop 2437:Sparrow Records 2377: 2371: 2369:Christian games 2342: 2336: 2303:'s 2001 study ( 2298:Surgeon General 2240: 2234: 2149:Moderate blood 2122:Animated blood 1591:Gross violence 1565:Sexual violence 1463: 1451: 1439: 1427: 1415: 1399: 1387: 1375: 1363: 1356: 1349: 1333:forbidden fruit 1328: 1322: 1312:introduced the 1260:Hillary Clinton 1152:Redneck Rampage 1127:Apogee Software 964: 932:Surgeon General 902: 896: 887: 802:Surgeon General 741:Mortal Kombat 3 621:C. Everett Koop 617:Surgeon General 599: 593: 562: 552: 523: 522: 486: 478: 477: 473:Game journalism 463: 455: 454: 439: 433: 389: 374: 333: 319: 318: 317: 311:Copy protection 287: 267: 236: 226: 225: 205: 138: 130: 129: 82: 62: 50: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7971: 7969: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7935: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7872:Side-scrolling 7869: 7868: 7867: 7862: 7852: 7847: 7840: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7822: 7821: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7780: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7724: 7719: 7717:Climate change 7714: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7675: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7636: 7630: 7628: 7621: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7587: 7586: 7576: 7571: 7570: 7569: 7559: 7554: 7548: 7546: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7534:Grand strategy 7526: 7525: 7524: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7466: 7464: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7439: 7437: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7391: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7362: 7356: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7290: 7288: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7263: 7262: 7252: 7250:Monster-taming 7247: 7242: 7237: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7228:Looter shooter 7219: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7195: 7189: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7159: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7116: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7090: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7028: 7027: 7026: 7024:Hack and slash 7015: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6994: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6929: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6910:Endless runner 6906: 6904: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6845: 6838: 6837: 6823: 6802: 6789: 6774: 6755:(2): 177–184. 6739: 6717: 6710: 6689: 6672: 6646: 6632: 6618: 6572: 6557: 6538: 6512: 6498: 6483: 6470: 6468:. 25 May 2007. 6452: 6427: 6409: 6400:Gun Club (PS2) 6391: 6373: 6356: 6339: 6325: 6307: 6293: 6279: 6264: 6249: 6234: 6210: 6198:Foreign Ground 6189: 6177:Foreign Ground 6168: 6154: 6140: 6125: 6107: 6083: 6058: 6050:Davis, Susan. 6043: 6024: 6016:Silfer, Kyle. 6009: 5994: 5972: 5957: 5942: 5921: 5899: 5880: 5868: 5842: 5828: 5807: 5793: 5779: 5761: 5752: 5738: 5724: 5703: 5689: 5675: 5660: 5658:. August 2008. 5641: 5621: 5607: 5595: 5574: 5563:. 17 June 2006 5546: 5532: 5518: 5499: 5478: 5476:. 3 June 2003. 5452: 5438: 5419: 5411:Kelly, Kevin. 5404: 5389:Varney, Allen 5382: 5368: 5347: 5332: 5310: 5292: 5277: 5265: 5245: 5223: 5218:pc.gamespy.com 5205: 5186: 5168: 5143: 5128: 5110: 5090: 5063: 5036: 4997: 4972: 4956: 4940: 4915: 4890: 4868: 4853: 4840:Biskupic, Joan 4831: 4803: 4777: 4764: 4750: 4736: 4714: 4699: 4680: 4661: 4646: 4633: 4618: 4590: 4565: 4540: 4515: 4503: 4491: 4469: 4444: 4419: 4401: 4387: 4368: 4357:(4): 453–462. 4341: 4328: 4315: 4280:(3): 256–264. 4254: 4235: 4224:(8): 726–744. 4205: 4185: 4170: 4145: 4127:(3): 220–228. 4104: 4077:(5): 353–359. 4060: 4041:(2): 461–464. 4025: 4006: 3988: 3960: 3937: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3887: 3884: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3780: 3779: 3759: 3757: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3655: 3652: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3534:– non-violent 3527: 3516: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3470: 3458: 3446: 3438:Foreign Ground 3434: 3422: 3410: 3398: 3390: 3377: 3369: 3361: 3353: 3264:definitionally 3251: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3235: 3228: 3224:Treasure Quest 3220: 3213: 3205: 3189: 3185:Marble Madness 3181: 3173: 3161: 3153: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3088: 3080: 3071: 3063: 3059:Roller Coaster 3055: 2972: 2969: 2938:strategy games 2916: 2913: 2903: 2900: 2881: 2878: 2847: 2844: 2823: 2820: 2790: 2787: 2749: 2746: 2698: 2697: 2652: 2650: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2609: 2608:Buddhist games 2606: 2547: 2544: 2373:Main article: 2370: 2367: 2335: 2332: 2320:strategy games 2263:gender studies 2233: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2175:Minimal blood 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039:Blood and Gore 2035: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865:Mild violence 1862: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 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520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 499: 498: 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 476: 475: 470: 464: 461: 460: 457: 456: 453: 452: 451: 450: 445: 432: 431: 430: 429: 419: 418: 417: 407: 406: 405: 395: 388: 387: 386: 385: 373: 372: 367: 362: 357: 356: 355: 350: 348:Expansion pack 345: 334: 325: 324: 321: 320: 316: 315: 314: 313: 308: 298: 293: 286: 285: 284: 283: 281:Content rating 273: 266: 265: 264: 263: 258: 253: 248: 237: 232: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223: 222: 221: 211: 209:Arcade cabinet 204: 203: 202: 201: 196: 195: 194: 189: 184: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 139: 136: 135: 132: 131: 128: 127: 122: 117: 112: 111: 110: 105: 95: 94: 93: 81: 80: 79: 78: 73: 68: 57: 51: 46: 45: 42: 41: 35: 34: 30: 29: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7970: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7889: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7785: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7763: 7762:Single-player 7760: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7731: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7543: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7523: 7520: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7507:Tower defense 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7459: 7449: 7448:Immersive sim 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7384: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7337:City-building 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7240:Dungeon crawl 7238: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7206: 7205:Tile-matching 7203: 7201: 7200: 7196: 7194: 7193:Hidden object 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7163:Deck-building 7161: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7109: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7078: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6998:Battle royale 6996: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6922: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6861: 6859: 6854: 6852: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6812: 6806: 6803: 6799: 6796:Kirsh. S. J. 6793: 6790: 6786: 6785: 6778: 6775: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6735: 6731: 6728: 6721: 6718: 6713: 6711:0-7619-2125-7 6707: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6676: 6673: 6669: 6657: 6650: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6622: 6619: 6614: 6602: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6561: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6542: 6539: 6527: 6523: 6516: 6513: 6510:. NoWar list. 6509: 6508: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6474: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6456: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6437: 6436:NRA Gun Club 6431: 6428: 6425:review. 2008. 6424: 6420: 6419: 6413: 6410: 6407:review. 2008. 6406: 6402: 6401: 6395: 6392: 6389:review. 2008. 6388: 6384: 6383: 6377: 6374: 6371:review. 2004. 6370: 6367: 6366: 6360: 6357: 6354:review. 2008. 6353: 6350: 6349: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6335: 6329: 6326: 6323:Review. 2008. 6322: 6318: 6317: 6311: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6297: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6275: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6253: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6238: 6235: 6232:review. 2008. 6231: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6220: 6214: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6199: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6132:Schommer, D. 6129: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6081:review. 2008. 6080: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6068: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6047: 6044: 6039: 6035: 6028: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6005: 6004:Portal Review 5998: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5976: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5967:Portal Review 5964:Pierce, Kit. 5961: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5903: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5817: 5811: 5808: 5804: 5803: 5797: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5777:review. 2008. 5776: 5772: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5728: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5671: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5652: 5648:Brown, Seth. 5645: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5591: 5587: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5536: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5503: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5482: 5479: 5475: 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4857: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4832: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4718: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4706:Reeves, Jay. 4703: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4687:Steel, Wade. 4684: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4642:Case-in-Point 4637: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4569: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4416: 4415: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4385:. 3 May 2006. 4384: 4380: 4379: 4372: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4268: 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3707: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3679:serious games 3675: 3673: 3672:Jack Thompson 3668: 3667: 3660: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3569:Final Fantasy 3560: 3559: 3554: 3553:Christian RPG 3549: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3338:stealth games 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3239:Steer Madness 3236: 3234: 3233: 3232:Knytt Stories 3229: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3170:Sunday school 3167: 3166: 3165:Sunday Funday 3162: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3011:visual novels 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2977: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832:browser-based 2829: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2756: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2733:Zen of Sudoku 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2712:browser games 2708: 2706: 2694: 2691: 2683: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2653:This section 2651: 2642: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2614:Five Precepts 2607: 2605: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2566:abilities of 2565: 2561: 2560:Unreal Engine 2557: 2553: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2499: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2442:Music Machine 2438: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2347:Jack Thompson 2341: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2264: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2244: 2239: 2231: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2216:Alle/6/12/16 2215: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 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816: 815: 808: 806: 805:David Satcher 803: 798: 796: 795:Harris levels 792: 788: 787: 782: 778: 774: 769: 767: 766: 761: 760: 755: 754: 749: 748: 743: 742: 737: 736: 731: 730: 725: 724: 719: 718: 713: 712: 711:Duke Nukem 3D 707: 706: 701: 700: 695: 694: 689: 688: 683: 682:game-bannings 679: 678: 673: 669: 668: 667:Mortal Kombat 663: 659: 658: 653: 649: 648: 643: 642: 641:Splatterhouse 637: 636: 631: 630: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 609: 604: 598: 590: 588: 584: 582: 578: 577:comparatively 574: 570: 566: 561: 549: 544: 542: 537: 535: 530: 529: 527: 526: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 497: 494: 493: 492: 489: 488: 482: 481: 474: 471: 469: 466: 465: 459: 458: 449: 446: 444: 441: 440: 438: 435: 434: 428: 425: 424: 423: 420: 416: 413: 412: 411: 408: 404: 401: 400: 399: 396: 394: 391: 390: 384: 381: 380: 379: 376: 375: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 340: 339: 336: 335: 332: 328: 323: 322: 312: 309: 307: 304: 303: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 288: 282: 279: 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1195:pro hac vice 1193: 1187: 1177: 1171: 1166: 1163: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1138: 1123:Midway Games 1080: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1057: 1030: 997: 965: 952: 948: 940: 903: 888: 875: 864: 855: 849: 836: 830: 812: 809: 799: 784: 770: 763: 762:(1999), and 757: 751: 745: 739: 733: 727: 721: 715: 709: 703: 697: 691: 685: 675: 665: 655: 645: 639: 633: 627: 625: 606: 600: 585: 576: 564: 563: 468:Game studies 393:Free-to-play 383:Cloud gaming 365:Crowdfunding 360:Early access 331:monetization 327:Distribution 271:Localization 171: 147: 91:Level design 18: 7943:Nonviolence 7819:Hypercasual 7740:Multiplayer 7656:Educational 7606:Programming 7601:Photography 7574:Incremental 7370:Kart racing 7314:Virtual pet 7145:Walking sim 7120:Escape room 7019:Beat 'em up 6958:Bullet hell 6685:Gamers Hell 6609:|last= 6348:Laser Arena 6321:Gamers Hell 6316:Laser Arena 5837:Non-Violent 5775:Gamers Hell 5656:Cracked.com 4294:1874/385878 3904:Nonviolence 3606:series and 3488:Laser Arena 3480:Wolfenstein 3322:Half-Life 2 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