956:"A tribal area is ever varying, although a group of people do through the passing of many years become associated with a particular stretch of country. For example, there is the tendency expressed in cult totemism for a man to desire his son to be born near his own totemic birthplace, that is, the water or stretch of country containing a sacred site associated with a particular totemic ancestral being. Even when the family group is at a great distance from their ancestral country, if a birth be expected, they will travel back. By being born near his father's water-hole (and if his father has married a woman born in a particular country through which the ancestral being associated with him has passed), the child, after initiation, becomes a full member of his father's cult lodge. His fellow tribesmen constitute those who are born along the ancestral route, or adjacent ones which cross or run near the main one."
762:, on the basis of very scant evidence, but there is almost no independent testimony that would allow the inference. Inaccuracies of this type compromise modern native title claims, since the authority of early ethnographers for the "extinction" of tribes and for their putative territorial boundaries weighs more heavily than modern anthropological studies of their descendants. If, for example, there are no "Jadira", but their ostensible land was mapped by Tindale, the actual tribes in that area face immense difficulties in proving their links to what is conventionally accepted to be "Jadira" territory.
204:. From his early years, he had acquired the habit of taking notes on everything he observed, and cross-indexing them before going to sleep, a practice which he continued throughout his life, and which lay at the basis of the vast archive of notes he left to posterity: he was observed writing by lamplight far into the night long after others had gone to bed, during an expedition to the
795:
Aboriginal peoples as filling every nook and cranny of what became colonial
Australia, avowing their former presence, much to the unease of many cartographers, everywhere. In doing so he placed a disappearing people back "on the map", much to the later discontent of mining corporations, which fund research that would revise Tindale's approach and restrict Aboriginal territoriality.
33:
584:. Tribes did not hold land, each of their respective "hordes" did, and clan-attachment of land was Radcliffe-Brown's basic sociological unit for Australian groups. Neither notion has stood the test of time. In particular Tindale's notion of a fixed tribal territory proved inadequate at least as regards the nomadic realities of the
560:
one of
Tindale's key tasks was to record the names and sociological details of each of the Aboriginal people participating in the fortnight-long intensive survey. This had a crucial outcome in that each object, drawing, photograph, sound recording or even film record subsequently collected by Tindale
474:
just outside
Brisbane, and on Tindale's initiative it was tasked with examining parts recovered from the wreckage of Japanese airplanes that had been shot down, working out whatever intelligence could be gathered from the manufacturing markings, and reassembling them where possible. Jones states that
794:
Other have noted that the editor of
Tindale's paper on Groote Eylandt in 1925, Edgar Waite, changed his drawn boundaries as dotted lines, obtrusively insisting that Aboriginal people were nomadic, and not place-bound. When Tindale finally managed to print, unaltered, his own map, he represented the
354:
information about
Aboriginal communities throughout Australia, journals, papers, sound and film recordings, drawings, maps, photographs, vocabularies and personal correspondence. Each State Library in Australia holds copies of Tindale material pertaining to their respective state; for example, the
669:
The prevailing criticism of
Tindale's influential overview of Australian tribes stresses the dangers in his guiding premise that there is an overlap between the language spoken by a group, and its tribal domains. In short, Tindale thought that speakers of the same language constituted a unified
251:
Tindale's first ethnographic expedition took place over 1921β1922. His principal aim was to gather entomological specimens for the South
Australian Museum, the ethnographic aspect being almost an accidental sideline that developed, as his curiosity was stimulated, into close observation of the
520:
The
Adelaide Board for Anthropological Research began a programme for filming Aboriginal life in 1926, and was the first to systematically do so. Over an 11-year period they produced over 10 hours of footage concerning many aspects of Aboriginal life, from material culture to hunting and
849:
One critic of
Tindale's work on Aboriginal people wrote in 2018 that it "contributed to a larger landscape of objectification and categorisation of racialised ideas about Aboriginal people and was part of a global movement of analysis using the ideologies of eugenics, concerned with
475:
Tindale's unit's meticulous analysis of the metallurgical debris and serial numbers enabled them to arrive at the companies responsible for producing the components, deduce production figures and infer what crucial alloys the Japan military was beginning to suffer shortfalls in.
626:. A point of departure was a meticulous analysis of the male genitalia of each species, as a guide to more precise classification, and, starting in 1932, over three decades he wrote several papers reordering the Australian ghost moths.
490:
He was instrumental in cracking the
Japanese aircraft production code system, which gave the Allies reliable information as to Japanese air power. More importantly, he and his unit deciphered the Japanese master naval
741:, Tindale and others, and privilege it over more recent scholarship although the accuracy of many of these "classic" texts and papers has, over time, often come to be viewed sceptically by modern anthropologists.
267:
which was interested in proselytizing in the north. He spent half a year, accompanying the missionary Hubert E. Warren to sound out the area for an appropriate site for an Anglican mission, which as the
573:
he wrote: "The Flinders Island people are hungry and in exchange for flour etc have been scouring the camp for specimens. We have pretty well cleaned them up, & nothing of much interest remains".
2599:
549:, impressed him with the importance of knowing with precision tribal boundaries. This led Tindale to question the official orthodoxy of the time, which was that Aboriginal people were purely
521:
gathering practices, cooking, love-making and even ceremonies of circumcision observed during their field expeditions. Tindale produced the film while the camera-work was undertaken by
556:
His salvage ethnography also involved collecting by trade objects for his museum. He was meticulous in making notes on the provenance of each object purchased. Philip Jones writes:
205:
553:
and had no connection to any specific region. While Tindale's methodology and his notion of the "dialectal tribe" have been superseded, this basic premise has been proved correct.
1114:
Davis, Fiona (2009). "Calculating colour: whiteness, anthropological research and the Cummeragunja Aboriginal Reserve, May and June 1938". In Carey, Jane; McLisky, Claire (eds.).
569:
or tobacco as barter goods for precious items, and at times exploited the dire conditions of undernourishment suffered by Aboriginal people. After one successful expedition at
435:. Tindale's genealogical collection is a key research tool for Australian Aboriginal people to discover evidence of their family lineage and connection with community.
650:
during 1980. In 1967, at the age of sixty-six, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Colorado. He was eventually honoured with a doctorate by the
2614:
719:
and in a later essay, argues that Tindale's map of Australian territories had not only achieved "iconic status", but had begun to exercise a deleterious impact on
2594:
1237:
708:
1156:"'The Same but Different': Aborigines, Eugenics, and the Harvard-Adelaide Universities' Anthropological Expedition to Cape Barren Island Reserve, January 1939"
1115:
2589:
2559:
2604:
1955:
1262:
647:
2564:
661:(AO); this was presented posthumously, to his widow Muriel. Also in 1993, the South Australian Museum Board's named a public gallery in his honour.
280:. Tindale wrote up his observations for the South Australian Museum in two continuous reports, which constitute the first detailed account of the
447:
however, Tindale's knowledge of Japanese, rare in Australia at the time, made him an asset for military intelligence. In 1942 Tindale joined the
2609:
2423:
2408:
2393:
2374:
2355:
2336:
2317:
2298:
2279:
730:
In evaluating claims, there is, Burke argues, a tendency to exaggerate the value of the earliest ethnographic reports of anthropologists like
2624:
2481:
2454:
2263:
2238:
2129:
2085:
2060:
2035:
1989:
1936:
1908:
1128:
803:
2619:
1928:
643:
576:
In historical context, Tindale's firm insistence on the unit of a tribe, with its set territory and fixed boundaries, flew in the face of
773:
observations of reliable earlier ethnographers in favour of material he later gathered from informants among the remnants in places like
2569:
2527:
1762:"Influence of Virginia's Eugenical Sterilization Act - Eugenics: Three Generations, No Imbeciles: Virginia, Eugenics & Buck v. Bell"
1294:
1290:
2574:
2440:
2187:
1735:
307:
across Australia, and the relationship forged between the two developed into a half century of collaboration. Tindale would study the
2579:
1896:
Bringing to Light: A History of Ethnographic Filmmaking at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
658:
501:
134:
120:
2584:
639:
356:
193:
467:
311:, while Birdsell undertook the measuring, and with government support the pair travelled across south-east Australia, parts of
486:
to identify and bomb the production facilities in Japan. Jones adds two other key contributions by Tindale to the war effort:
2154:
651:
758:. Tindale simply drew on Elkin's authority to do so. Again, Tindale conjured up, or made a separate entry for, a tribe, the
2209:
1973:
537:
at the time of European settlement, which he based on his fieldwork and other sources, leading to the publication of his
1981:
585:
561:
during these expeditions could be keyed, not only to place and tribal group, but to their individual makers or owners.'
269:
2522:
2052:
1947:
1298:
1267:
1214:
400:
396:
219:. In January 1919, he secured a position at the South Australian Museum as Entomologist's Assistant to the formidable
681:. Japanese is written syllabically reflecting its phonetic consonant+vowel structure, and in writing down words like
2200:
2141:"The view from Marege': Australian knowledge of Makassar and the impact of the trepangindustry across two centuries"
2003:
1963:(Special Edition: Norman B. Tindale's Research Legacy and the Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Australians): 102β126.
1672:
2191:
2121:
2027:
1787:
1370:
448:
443:
On the outbreak of World War 2, Tindale tried to enlist, but was rejected because of his poor eyesight. When Japan
2533:
500:
On retirement after 49 years service with the South Australian Museum, Tindale took up a teaching position at the
299:, after meeting the pair on a 1936 visit to the US. They were to undertake an extensive anthropological survey of
2473:
1919:
720:
2518:
2202:
Laying down the country: Norman B. Tindale and the Linguistic Construction of the North-West of South Australia
2012:
1948:"Cartographic Ethnogenesis: Tindale's Invention of the Jadira Tribe in the Pilbara Region of Western Australia"
1900:
1155:
824:
751:
724:
460:
372:
178:
2442:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
2513:
2104:
2077:
920:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits and Proper Names
774:
420:
347:
216:
201:
1700:
2406:
Tindale, Norman (1942). "Revision of the Ghost Moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, Family Hepialidae), Pt. V.".
816:
534:
281:
264:
240:
99:
2221:
Anthropological Intelligence: The Deployment and Neglect of American Anthropology in the Second World War
804:
Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History, Society and Culture
580:'s dismissal of the idea of a higher integrating reality like the tribe, as opposed to the assemblies of
2226:
798:
784:
678:
577:
509:
452:
336:
87:
2509:
1970:"The mark of marvellous ideas: Groote Eylandt rock art and the performance of cross-cultural relations"
1184:
846:
reserve argues that this "was the last major eugenic research project to be undertaken in Australia".
723:
judgements made in suits that have been brought to court by indigenous peoples following the landmark
2554:
2549:
2073:
Re-awakening Languages: Theory and Practice in the Revitalisation of Australia's Indigenous Languages
463:
as an analyst for estimating the impact of bombing on the military and civilian population of Japan.
1209:
877:
766:
755:
257:
236:
596:
implicitly argued as early as 1942, and in more detail almost two decades later by Ronald Berndt.
482:
on the western coast of the United States. His team's forensic analysis of the debris enabled the
2168:
2145:
2096:
1881:
1847:
1828:(June 1942). "A Preliminary Report of Field Work in the Ooldea Region, Western South Australia".
843:
471:
332:
300:
296:
677:
affected his hearing and transliteration of words in a number of Aboriginal languages, such as
2492:
2477:
2465:
2450:
2259:
2234:
2230:
2125:
2113:
2081:
2071:
2056:
2046:
2031:
1985:
1969:
1932:
1904:
1864:
1830:
1124:
674:
416:
412:
316:
253:
68:
38:
2370:"Revision of the Australian Ghost Moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, family Hepialidae). Part III"
2249:
2021:
2351:"Revision of the Australian Ghost Moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, Family Hepialidae). Part II"
2332:"Revision of the Australian Ghost Moths (Lepidoptera, Homoneura, family Hepialidae). Part I"
2158:
1894:
1873:
1839:
1825:
593:
220:
2114:"The 'idea behind the artefact': Norman Tindale's Early Years as a Salvage Ethnographer,'"
1999:
1766:
University of Virginia. Historical collections at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library
788:
780:
570:
328:
304:
288:
1761:
1673:"MS5086: David Horton, papers, including Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia 1984-1999"
1877:
1843:
623:
542:
483:
292:
273:
170:
138:
2181:
2543:
2255:
2219:
1859:
1821:
914:
892:
882:
855:
851:
589:
505:
276:. He followed this up with a further 9 months nearby on the mainland around the
212:
197:
142:
2312:
2293:
2274:
712:
581:
479:
456:
388:
368:
351:
324:
232:
169:
and lived there from 1907 to 1915, where his father worked as an accountant at the
146:
2294:"Natives of Groote Eylandt and the west coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Part 1I"
1862:(December 1959). "The Concept of 'The Tribe' in the Western Desert of Australia".
2275:"Natives of Groote Eylandt and the west coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Part I"
746:
735:
635:
618:
609:
533:
Tindale is best remembered for his work mapping the various tribal groupings of
444:
308:
277:
228:
150:
112:
2528:
Tindale Genealogical Collection 1928-1960: a treasure of the John Oxley Library
1295:
Tindale Genealogical Collection 1928-1960: a treasure of the John Oxley Library
1289:
2466:"The problem of 'tribal names' in eastern Australia: the Kuku Yalanji example"
859:
657:
During 1993 Tindale received unofficial confirmation of his appointment as an
605:
428:
424:
392:
364:
360:
340:
312:
224:
2388:
2369:
2350:
2331:
2446:
2389:"Revision of the Ghost Moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, Family Hepialidae). IV"
408:
404:
335:
Aboriginal reserve said that this contributed to their decision to advocate
2163:
2140:
1792:
Artlink Indigenous: Kanarn Wangkiny Wanggandi Karlto (Speaking from Inside)
1305:
754:, despite the fact that it was absent from the map of the area prepared by
478:
Tindale also played a major intelligence role in putting a halt to Japan's
727:, and negatively affect their rights to land tenure in a number of cases.
359:
has copies of genealogical charts and photographs from the communities of
1786:
Baker, Ali Gumillya (June 2018). Bullen, Clothilde; Tylor, James (eds.).
820:
613:
432:
376:
320:
189:
2172:
1921:
Law's Anthropology: From ethnography to expert testimony in native title
1885:
1851:
831:
program in Germany. He also wrote of his attendance at a Nazi rally in
384:
380:
2313:"Australasian Mole-Crickets of the Family Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera)"
2097:"Norman B. Tindale - 12 October 1900 β 19 November 1993 - An Obituary"
211:
Shortly after this, Tindale lost the sight in one eye in an acetylene
1708:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1242:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
836:
832:
827:
of women with disabilities or mental illness, and who influenced the
759:
546:
188:
The family returned to Perth in August 1917, and soon after moved to
182:
2534:
Transforming Tindale: Interview with Exhibition Curators 5 June 2012
1371:"Map showing the distribution of the Aboriginal tribes of Australia"
842:
A 2007 article looking at Tindale and Birdsell's 1939 expedition to
263:
Tindale's family background had qualified him to be taken on by the
2023:
Uncanny Australia: Sacredness and Identity in a Postcolonial Nation
1173:– via Informit (Humanities & Social Sciences Collection).
32:
2519:
Map showing the distribution of the Aboriginal tribes of Australia
1302:
612:. In the 1920s he began to revise understanding of the Australian
566:
550:
539:
Map showing the distribution of the Aboriginal tribes of Australia
174:
166:
162:
64:
2118:
The Makers and Making of Indigenous Australian Museum Collections
2045:
Hayden, Julian D. (2011). Broyles, Bill; Boyer, Diane E. (eds.).
815:
When Tindale was writing up his work on Aboriginal people at the
801:
later used Tindale's map as a basis for the maps included in his
2421:
Tindale, Norman (1955). "Revision of the Ghost Moths, Part VI".
828:
787:, since he generally located other groups where Sharpe puts the
2512:β Bio and index page to the huge collection of archives at the
1946:
Burke, Paul (December 2015). Roberts, Amy; McCaul, Kim (eds.).
565:
At the same time, these collections were often made using mere
769:
tribes is suspect, since there is evidence he disregarded the
2470:
Land and Language in Cape York Peninsula and the Gulf Country
2116:. In Peterson, Nicolas; Allen, Lindy; Namby, Louise (eds.).
1582:
1580:
905:
The Land of Byamee: Australian Wild Life in Legend and Fact
192:
where Tindale took up a position as a library cadet at the
1978:
Strangers on the Shore: Early Coastal Contact in Australia
470:
was established under Captain Frank T. McCoy at Hangar 7,
1956:
Journal of the Anthropological Society of South Australia
673:
It has been argued that Tindale's early familiarity with
2468:. In Verstraete, Jean-Christophe; Hafner, Diane (eds.).
2180:
Matthews, E. G. (1986). "Arthur Mills Lea (1868β1932)".
331:. A later study looking at their 1939 expedition to the
2530:- John Oxley Library Blog, State Library of Queensland.
823:
scientists who supported a proposed law on involuntary
137:(12 October 1900 β 19 November 1993) was an Australian
750:, Tindale had recognised and mapped in the land of a
291:, an anthropological graduate student, who was under
196:, together with another cadet, the future physicist,
2600:
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
1293:
This Knowledge (XXG) article incorporates text from
998:
996:
994:
992:
2005:
A Description of the Yugumbir Dialect of Bandjalang
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
323:. In May 1938, the two men and their wives visited
265:
Church Missionary Society of Australia and Tasmania
200:. In 1919, he began work as an entomologist at the
105:
95:
76:
46:
23:
2218:
1710:. Published online by AIATSIS on 3 June 2015. 1996
604:Tindale made a particular study of the primitive
165:, Western Australia in 1900. His family moved to
272:, was subsequently established on west coast of
223:. He had already published thirty-one papers on
181:, where his closest friend was Gordon Bowles, a
1098:
807:(1994) and the separate map published in 1996.
693:(wallaby) he perceived and transcribed them as
399:has genealogical sheets for the communities of
215:which occurred while assisting his father with
185:who, like him, later became an anthropologist.
2494:Yami no file: senka no kage ni hisomu ningenzΕ
541:. This interest began with a research trip to
783:has found problems with Tindale's mapping in
8:
1658:
1451:
1373:. Adelaide: Royal Society of South Australia
646:during 1968 and the John Lewis Medal of the
2020:Gelder, Ken; Jacobs, Jane Margaret (1998).
2251:Mitsubishi Zero: Japan's Legendary Fighter
1788:"Camping in the shadow of the racist text"
1646:
765:Ray Wood argues that Tindale's mapping of
545:where Tindale's helper and interpreter, a
252:indigenous people he encountered from the
31:
20:
2162:
2048:Field Man: Life as a Desert Archaeologist
1729:
1727:
1725:
1062:
939:This device was called a "balloon bomb" (
648:Royal Geographical Society of Australasia
247:Early ethnological expeditions, 1921β1939
1968:Frederick, Ursula; Clarke, Anne (2008).
1523:
1511:
1381:– via State Library of Queensland.
1149:
1147:
1109:
1107:
1050:
1547:
1535:
1499:
1487:
1391:
1341:
1086:
1074:
968:
932:
445:precipitated war with the United States
346:Tindale's vast collection, held at the
2615:University of Colorado Boulder faculty
2424:Records of the South Australian Museum
2409:Records of the South Australian Museum
2394:Records of the South Australian Museum
2375:Records of the South Australian Museum
2356:Records of the South Australian Museum
2337:Records of the South Australian Museum
2318:Records of the South Australian Museum
2299:Records of the South Australian Museum
2280:Records of the South Australian Museum
2101:Records of the South Australian Museum
1559:
1463:
1439:
1353:
1038:
744:Specifically, Burke noted that in his
1701:"AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia"
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1571:
1475:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1329:
1317:
1026:
1014:
1002:
715:lawyer Paul Burke, first in his book
339:("absorption") as a solution to "the
16:Australian anthropologist (1900β1993)
7:
2595:People from Perth, Western Australia
2447:Australian National University Press
2139:Macknight, Charles Campbell (2011).
1976:; Veth, Peter; Neale, Margo (eds.).
1929:Australian National University Press
1634:
1297:(1 November 2021) published by the
644:Australian Natural History Medallion
287:In 1938β39, Tindale teamed up with
2590:Officers of the Order of Australia
2560:20th-century Australian zoologists
2188:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2095:Jones, Philip G. (December 1995).
1878:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1959.tb00213.x
1844:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1942.tb00363.x
1210:"Tindale and Aboriginal Languages"
819:in the 1930s, he worked alongside
608:or ghost moth family of the order
14:
2605:Scientists from Western Australia
1263:"Tindale Genealogical Collection"
659:Officer of the Order of Australia
1734:Clark, Maddee (6β12 June 2020).
1671:Zdanowicz, Cathryn (July 2019).
1288:
885:, illustrated by Madeleine Boyce
640:Royal Society of South Australia
357:State Library of New South Wales
2565:American School in Japan alumni
2536:via State Library of Queensland
2013:University of Queensland Papers
1736:"Yhonnie Scarce's art of glass"
468:Air Technical Intelligence Unit
2155:Australian National University
1806:– via The National 2019.
652:Australian National University
235:subjects before receiving his
1:
2610:University of Adelaide alumni
2210:University of South Australia
2183:Lea, Arthur Mills (1868β1932)
858:and hierarchies of race, and
508:until his death, aged 93, in
37:Tindale holding a child from
2625:20th-century anthropologists
2070:Hobson, John Robert (2010).
1982:National Museum of Australia
1160:Tasmanian Historical Studies
943::ι’¨θΉηεΌΎ) or "dirigible bomb" (
670:territorial group identity.
586:Western Desert cultural bloc
2620:20th-century archaeologists
2523:State Library of Queensland
2053:University of Arizona Press
1308:, accessed on 1 June 2022.
1299:State Library of Queensland
1268:State Library of Queensland
1215:State Library of Queensland
1185:"Dr Norman Barnett Tindale"
1123:. Sydney University Press.
1099:Frederick & Clarke 2008
839:as an "impressive figure".
459:, where he worked with the
397:State Library of Queensland
2641:
2570:Australian anthropologists
2491:Yoshida, Kazuhiko (2014).
2192:Melbourne University Press
2028:Melbourne University Press
451:and, assigned the rank of
449:Royal Australian Air Force
2575:Australian archaeologists
2510:Dr Norman Barnett Tindale
2474:John Benjamins Publishing
2387:Tindale, Norman (1935b).
2368:Tindale, Norman (1935a).
2208:(Doctoral dissertation).
30:
2580:Australian entomologists
2349:Tindale, Norman (1933).
2330:Tindale, Norman (1932).
2311:Tindale, Norman (1928).
2292:Tindale, Norman (1926).
2273:Tindale, Norman (1925).
2248:Smith, Peter C. (2014).
2217:Price, David H. (2008).
1901:Aboriginal Studies Press
1659:Gelder & Jacobs 1998
1452:Berndt & Berndt 1942
1117:Creating white Australia
634:Tindale was awarded the
461:Strategic Bombing Survey
455:, he was transferred to
179:American School in Japan
2585:Australian ethnologists
2514:South Australian Museum
2437:Tindale, Norman Barnett
2199:Monaghan, Paul (1974).
2105:South Australian Museum
2078:Sydney University Press
1367:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1189:South Australian Museum
480:balloon bombing assault
348:South Australian Museum
217:photographic processing
202:South Australian Museum
194:Adelaide Public Library
2164:10.22459/AH.35.2011.06
2112:Jones, Philip (2008).
911:Aboriginal Australians
817:University of Virginia
563:
535:Aboriginal Australians
502:University of Colorado
493:
327:Aboriginal reserve in
282:Warnindhilyagwa people
241:University of Adelaide
177:. Norman attended the
132:Norman Barnett Tindale
100:University of Adelaide
51:Norman Barnett Tindale
2227:Duke University Press
1238:"Tindale genealogies"
915:Harold Arthur Lindsay
893:Harold Arthur Lindsay
883:Harold Arthur Lindsay
785:South East Queensland
725:Mabo decision of 1992
578:A. R. Radcliffe-Brown
558:
510:Palo Alto, California
488:
270:Emerald River Mission
88:Palo Alto, California
2476:. pp. 337β359.
2124:. pp. 315β353.
1984:. pp. 148β164.
1918:Burke, Paul (2011).
1893:Bryson, Ian (2002).
1613:, pp. 126, 129.
1154:D'Arcy, Jacqueline.
1017:, p. 291, n.46.
709:Aboriginal Legal Aid
504:and remained in the
161:Tindale was born in
2122:Academic Monographs
2107:. pp. 159β176.
1589:, pp. 102β126.
1550:, pp. 307β344.
1538:, pp. 151β168.
1514:, pp. 275β332.
1490:, pp. 497β536.
1344:, pp. 162β163.
1089:, pp. 103β134.
878:The First Walkabout
871:Novels for children
767:Cape York Peninsula
717:Law's Anthropology,
619:Archimantis mantids
472:Eagle Farm airfield
301:Aboriginal reserves
258:Gulf of Carpentaria
237:Bachelor of Science
41:in Queensland, 1938
2464:Wood, Ray (2016).
2146:Aboriginal History
2015:. pp. 69β122.
1740:The Saturday Paper
1466:, pp. 81β107.
1077:, pp. 61β102.
844:Cape Barren Island
333:Cape Barren Island
297:Harvard University
2483:978-9-027-26760-3
2456:978-0-708-10741-6
2265:978-1-781-59319-6
2240:978-0-822-34237-3
2194:. pp. 31β32.
2190:. Vol. 109.
2131:978-0-522-85568-5
2087:978-1-920-89955-4
2062:978-0-816-52905-6
2037:978-0-522-84816-8
1991:978-1-876-94488-9
1938:978-1-921-86243-4
1910:978-0-855-75382-5
1860:Berndt, Ronald M.
1826:Berndt, Catherine
1661:, pp. 56β58.
1526:, pp. 15β46.
1502:, pp. 13β43.
1218:. 29 October 2012
1130:978-1-920899-42-4
1053:, pp. 31β32.
811:Links to eugenics
734:Radcliffe-Brown,
642:during 1956, the
417:Mornington Island
413:Mona Mona Mission
317:Western Australia
254:Cobourg Peninsula
129:
128:
69:Western Australia
39:Mona Mona Mission
2632:
2498:
2487:
2460:
2432:
2417:
2402:
2383:
2364:
2345:
2326:
2307:
2288:
2269:
2244:
2224:
2213:
2207:
2195:
2176:
2166:
2135:
2108:
2091:
2066:
2041:
2016:
2010:
1995:
1964:
1952:
1942:
1926:
1914:
1889:
1855:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1731:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
957:
954:
948:
937:
738:
733:
594:Catherine Berndt
524:
350:, is made up of
284:on that island.
221:Arthur Mills Lea
117:John Lewis Medal
83:
80:19 November 1993
60:
58:
35:
21:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2540:
2539:
2506:
2501:
2497:. PHP KenkyΕ«jo.
2490:
2484:
2463:
2457:
2435:
2420:
2405:
2386:
2367:
2348:
2329:
2310:
2291:
2272:
2266:
2247:
2241:
2216:
2205:
2198:
2179:
2138:
2132:
2111:
2094:
2088:
2069:
2063:
2044:
2038:
2019:
2011:. Vol. 1.
2008:
1998:
1992:
1967:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1892:
1858:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1647:Cunningham 1969
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1120:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1001:
970:
966:
961:
960:
955:
951:
938:
934:
929:
901:
873:
868:
813:
789:Yugambeh people
781:Margaret Sharpe
736:
731:
667:
632:
602:
571:Flinders Island
531:
522:
518:
498:
441:
439:Wartime service
401:Bentinck Island
329:New South Wales
289:Joseph Birdsell
249:
243:in March 1933.
233:anthropological
159:
125:
96:Alma mater
91:
85:
81:
72:
62:
61:12 October 1900
56:
54:
53:
52:
42:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2638:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2516:
2505:
2504:External links
2502:
2500:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2461:
2455:
2433:
2418:
2403:
2384:
2365:
2346:
2327:
2308:
2289:
2270:
2264:
2245:
2239:
2214:
2196:
2177:
2136:
2130:
2109:
2092:
2086:
2067:
2061:
2042:
2036:
2017:
2000:Cunningham, M.
1996:
1990:
1965:
1943:
1937:
1915:
1909:
1890:
1856:
1838:(4): 305β330.
1822:Berndt, Ronald
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1778:
1753:
1721:
1692:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1637:, p. 355.
1627:
1625:, p. 123.
1615:
1603:
1591:
1576:
1564:
1562:, p. 398.
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1478:, p. 184.
1468:
1456:
1454:, p. 327.
1444:
1432:
1430:, p. 181.
1420:
1418:, p. 341.
1408:
1406:, p. 318.
1396:
1384:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1281:
1254:
1229:
1201:
1176:
1143:
1129:
1103:
1101:, p. 157.
1091:
1079:
1067:
1065:, p. 127.
1063:Macknight 2011
1055:
1043:
1041:, p. 172.
1031:
1029:, p. 180.
1019:
1007:
967:
965:
962:
959:
958:
949:
931:
930:
928:
925:
924:
923:
917:
908:
900:
897:
896:
895:
886:
872:
869:
867:
864:
812:
809:
705:respectively.
689:(seagull) and
666:
663:
631:
628:
601:
598:
543:Groote Eylandt
530:
527:
517:
514:
497:
494:
484:U.S. Air Force
453:wing commander
440:
437:
293:Earnest Hooton
274:Groote Eylandt
248:
245:
239:degree at the
229:ornithological
171:Salvation Army
158:
155:
139:anthropologist
127:
126:
124:
123:
118:
115:
109:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
86:
84:(aged 93)
78:
74:
73:
63:
50:
48:
44:
43:
36:
28:
27:
25:Norman Tindale
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2637:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2431:(4): 307β344.
2430:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2416:(2): 151β168.
2415:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2256:Pen and Sword
2253:
2252:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:Sutton, Peter
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:(2): 81β107.
1871:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1649:, p. 97.
1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1601:, p. 41.
1600:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1524:Tindale 1935b
1520:
1517:
1513:
1512:Tindale 1935a
1508:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1442:, p. 83.
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1332:, p. 27.
1331:
1326:
1323:
1320:, p. 39.
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:Matthews 1986
1047:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
969:
963:
953:
950:
946:
945:kikyΕ© bakudan
942:
941:fΕ«sen bakudan
936:
933:
926:
921:
918:
916:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:
884:
880:
879:
875:
874:
870:
865:
863:
861:
857:
856:blood quantum
853:
852:racial purity
847:
845:
840:
838:
835:, writing of
834:
830:
826:
825:sterilisation
822:
818:
810:
808:
806:
805:
800:
796:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
752:Djukan people
749:
748:
742:
740:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
664:
662:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
629:
627:
625:
624:mole crickets
621:
620:
615:
611:
607:
599:
597:
595:
591:
590:Ronald Berndt
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
562:
557:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
528:
526:
515:
513:
511:
507:
506:United States
503:
495:
492:
487:
485:
481:
476:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
261:
259:
255:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:entomological
222:
218:
214:
213:gas explosion
209:
207:
203:
199:
198:Mark Oliphant
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
143:archaeologist
140:
136:
133:
122:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
89:
79:
75:
70:
66:
49:
45:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2493:
2469:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2422:
2413:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2379:
2373:
2360:
2354:
2341:
2335:
2322:
2316:
2303:
2297:
2284:
2278:
2250:
2220:
2201:
2182:
2150:
2144:
2117:
2100:
2072:
2047:
2022:
2004:
1977:
1960:
1954:
1920:
1895:
1869:
1863:
1835:
1829:
1800:. Retrieved
1795:
1791:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1739:
1712:. Retrieved
1707:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1679:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1567:
1555:
1548:Tindale 1955
1543:
1536:Tindale 1942
1531:
1519:
1507:
1500:Tindale 1933
1495:
1488:Tindale 1932
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1394:, p. 3.
1392:Tindale 1974
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1366:
1361:
1356:, p. 5.
1349:
1342:Yoshida 2014
1337:
1325:
1313:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1266:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1213:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:
1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
1159:
1134:. Retrieved
1116:
1094:
1087:Tindale 1926
1082:
1075:Tindale 1925
1070:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
952:
944:
940:
935:
919:
913:(1963) with
910:
904:
891:(1959) with
888:
881:(1954) with
876:
848:
841:
814:
802:
799:David Horton
797:
793:
779:
770:
764:
756:Ernest Wurms
745:
743:
729:
721:native title
716:
713:land council
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:Ngarrindjeri
672:
668:
656:
633:
617:
603:
575:
564:
559:
555:
538:
532:
519:
499:
489:
477:
465:
457:The Pentagon
442:
395:. while the
389:Wallaga Lake
369:Cummeragunja
352:genealogical
345:
337:assimilation
325:Cummeragunja
286:
262:
250:
210:
187:
160:
147:entomologist
131:
130:
82:(1993-11-19)
18:
2555:1993 deaths
2550:1900 births
2157:: 121β143.
1560:Hobson 2010
1464:Berndt 1959
1440:Berndt 1959
1354:Bryson 2002
1039:Hayden 2011
899:Non-fiction
775:Palm Island
747:magnum opus
737:A. P.
732:A. R.
711:lawyer and
665:Evaluations
636:Verco Medal
610:Lepidoptera
523:E. O.
516:Film making
496:Later years
466:In 1942 an
421:Palm Island
309:genealogies
278:Roper River
173:mission in
151:ethnologist
113:Verco Medal
71:, Australia
2544:Categories
2382:: 275β332.
2344:: 497β536.
2306:: 103β134.
2229:. p.
1798:(2): 14β21
1623:Burke 2011
1611:Burke 2011
1599:Burke 2011
1587:Burke 2015
1572:Burke 2011
1476:Burke 2011
1428:Burke 2011
1416:Jones 2008
1404:Jones 2008
1330:Smith 2014
1318:Price 2008
1027:Burke 2011
1015:Price 2008
1003:Jones 1995
947:: (ζ°ηηεΌΎ).
860:phrenology
606:Hepialidae
600:Entomology
429:Woorabinda
425:Woodenbong
393:Woodenbong
365:Brewarrina
361:Boggabilla
343:problem".
341:half-caste
313:Queensland
57:1900-10-12
2287:: 61β102.
1635:Wood 2016
964:Citations
889:Rangatira
654:in 1980.
525:Stocker.
409:Doomadgee
405:Cherbourg
2439:(1974).
2401:: 15β46.
2363:: 13β43.
2173:24046930
2002:(1969).
1886:40329194
1852:40327957
1377:2 August
1369:(1940).
821:eugenics
699:torokeri
695:toloperi
687:throkeri
685:(ibis),
675:Japanese
614:Mantidae
433:Yarrabah
377:Menindee
321:Tasmania
305:missions
206:Pinacate
190:Adelaide
1865:Oceania
1831:Oceania
1814:Sources
1802:16 June
1771:16 June
1746:15 June
1680:AIATSIS
1306:licence
1169:16 June
1136:16 June
771:in situ
683:tloperi
638:of the
567:lollies
551:nomadic
385:Walgett
381:Pilliga
373:Kempsey
256:to the
2521:, via
2480:
2453:
2325:: 142.
2262:
2237:
2171:
2128:
2084:
2059:
2034:
1988:
1935:
1907:
1884:
1850:
1714:17 May
1685:17 May
1301:under
1274:15 May
1247:15 May
1222:15 May
1194:15 May
1127:
922:(1974)
907:(1938)
837:Hitler
833:Munich
760:Jadira
703:paragi
630:Awards
622:) and
582:hordes
547:Ngandi
319:, and
183:Quaker
106:Awards
90:, U.S.
2206:(PDF)
2169:JSTOR
2009:(PDF)
1972:. In
1951:(PDF)
1925:(PDF)
1882:JSTOR
1848:JSTOR
1742:(304)
1704:(map)
1676:(PDF)
1303:CC BY
1121:(PDF)
927:Notes
866:Works
739:Elkin
691:pargi
588:, as
491:code.
175:Japan
167:Tokyo
163:Perth
65:Perth
2478:ISBN
2451:ISBN
2260:ISBN
2235:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2057:ISBN
2032:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1905:ISBN
1804:2020
1773:2020
1748:2020
1716:2020
1687:2020
1379:2024
1276:2022
1249:2022
1224:2022
1196:2022
1171:2020
1138:2020
1125:ISBN
829:Nazi
701:and
592:and
529:Work
431:and
391:and
303:and
231:and
157:Life
149:and
77:Died
47:Born
2231:291
2159:doi
1874:doi
1840:doi
862:".
295:of
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