700:
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33:
343:
621:
152 mm NORA is capable to fire M84/GG projectile with a range of 34.5 km and all other ammunition developed for D-20 gun and NORA gun. NORA guns in the caliber of 155 mm are capable to fire all domestic and foreign counterpart ammunition developed for 155 mm guns within pressure
447:
as well as several D-20 guns were bought from the Soviet Union. Dissatisfied with the range of both the US 155 mm and the Soviet 152 mm gun, and considering the lack of desired features, a number of specifications were defined with characteristics that a new domestic gun-howitzer should
596:
Converted M-46 130 mm gun to NORA standard using 152 mm or 155 mm 45-caliber barrel and other parts developed through NORA program. In 155 mm M46/84 variant range of 39 km is achieved with ERFB/BB ammunition's with 2078 square meters lethal zone compared to 27 km
506:
Development of NORA-C was abandoned in 1991, and NORA-B suffered an almost similar fate. But after 2001, it was decided to continue the NORA-B project, and development was reactivated. In 2006, a new self-propelled gun with many new improvements and modifications was developed, known as
630:
NORA gun-howitzer is transported by FAP-2026 or Kamaz 43118 6x6 cross-country trucks. From traveling into combat position and vice versa it takes about 3–5 minutes. A crew of 9 is needed to operate it successfully in combat within designed parameters.
443:, the Yugoslav People's Army was not satisfied with the maximum range of that gun, and the other existing artillery weapons at disposal. Decisions were made to start domestic production of new large caliber guns. The construction documentation of
547:
With the introduction of the gun, new munition was developed. In 1984, new ammunition with base-bleed was tested with a range of 34.5 km on NORA M84 152 mm. In 1986, serial production of ammunition started under the designation
486:
gun howitzer with 45-caliber barrel — parts of this project was planned to be used with a new 203 mm gun named "KOLOS" with a maximum range of more than 50 km that was not realized due to a lack of
503:. The M-84B2 version is fitted with a pneumatic loader which is operational at all gun elevations, with a capacity of over 30 work cycles from one standard compressed air tank mounted on one of the trails.
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613:
M08 represents a further development of M46/84 gun and it is 152 mm gun with 45-caliber barrel having a range that is exceeding 40 km with new M05 155 mm projectile.
1609:
605:
Lightweight variant with 155 mm 39-caliber barrel and high rate of fire (8 rpm), new counter-recoil system and the possibility of use of semi-automatic loader.
468:
rate of fire of minimum 4, achieved by development of new semi-automatic wedge-type breach mechanism (155 mm howitzer М65 has rate of fire of only 1 to 2 rpm)
1589:
346:
Serbian Army FAP 2026BS/AV 6x6 trucks towing M-84 NORA-A 152 mm gun-howitzers during the military parade "March of the
Victorious" on the occasion of the
915:
499:, was accepted by the Yugoslav People's Army. In 1989, the M-84 powder chamber was redesigned, the mass of the gun was reduced, and the gun was renamed
705:
452:
range with unassisted projectile of 24 km (155 mm howitzer M65 had range 14,9 km, and 152 mm gun D-20 had range of 17,4 km)
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1522:
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Variant fitted with a pneumatic loader which is operational at all gun elevations, with the capacity to fire over 30 round.
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415:'New Artillery Weapon tool') is a Yugoslav and Serbian 152 mm and 155 mm gun-howitzer developed by the
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Variant with 18 liters redesigned powder chamber and reduced mass to 6.88 tones. Most used variant. Range 34.5 km.
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517:, has little similarities with the original NORA-B project, as the new system is much more modern and automated.
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371:
427:, and export. Gun howitzer NORA has three basic versions (M-84, M-84B1, M-84B2), and is usually towed by a
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1453:
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1188:
648:
524:
to a bigger caliber was set. In 1986, it was accepted by the
Yugoslav People's Army under the designation
265:
81:
1097:
528:
in 152 mm caliber. Another version for export, M46/86, with 155 mm gun caliber was developed.
237:
491:
Work on the NORA project began in 1975, and in May 1980, the first prototype of NORA-A was sent to the
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1402:
1178:
1163:
1020:
749:
553:
483:
440:
1397:
873:
552:. It has a maximum muzzle velocity of 895 meters per second, and was ahead of Soviet ammunition for
410:
622:
allowed in chamber and barrel. The illumination round for NORA gun 152 mm is designated M88.
1604:
1422:
572:
Basic variant that was accepted in the armament of the JNA in 1984. Small quantities are in use.
564:
There are several variants of NORA artillery systems now in use or offered for sales or export:
734:, but system is incompatible with NATO requirements and therefore not in service with the army.
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124:
1235:
479:
NORA-B 152 mm self-propelled gun with 45-caliber barrel based on FAP 2832 as carrier
597:
standard range and 630 square meters lethal area for the original M-46 130 mm gun.
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1332:
1230:
1079:
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860:"155 mm / 39 CAL. NORA-A1 LIGHT GUN-HOWITZER — SDPR — Yugoimport"
350:
since the beginning of the Great War, and 70 years since the liberation of
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ability to fire all types of old ammunition for 152 mm gun D-20
495:. In 1984, the development was completed and NORA-A, designated as
342:
1387:
1337:
520:
On the basis of the NORA M-84 development, a conversion of Soviet
439:
After producing domestic howitzer M65 155 mm based on the US
341:
333:
828:"Analiza koncepcije rešenja artiljerijskih oruđa familije 'Nora'"
1281:
744:
904:
874:"M08 152mm / 45 cal. towed gun — SDPR — Yugoimport"
683:
is equipped with 36 M-84 152 mm NORA; deployed in the
531:
Two more versions of NORA M-84 were developed after 2008:
328:
direct fire ×5.5 optical sight and ×3.7 panoramic sight
476:
NORA-A 152 mm gun howitzer with 39-caliber barrel
403:
376:
125:
Complex Battle System factory in Velika Plana, Serbia
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NORA in combat action during the Kosovo War in 1999
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805:ДОБРОДОШЛИ НА ВЕБ САЈТ - Војнотехничког института
779:ДОБРОДОШЛИ НА ВЕБ САЈТ - Војнотехничког института
535:155 mm / 39 cal. NORA-A1 light gun-howitzer
252:hydraulic buffer and hydropneumatic recuperator
185:6880 kg or 7030 kg up to 7680 kg
916:
730:attained 21 M-84 152 mm NORA during the
8:
1610:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
1449:
1375:
1044:
944:
923:
909:
901:
659:is equipped with 17 M-84 152 mm NORA.
20:
843:
465:wider elevation range (from -5° to +65°)
761:
769:
767:
765:
472:Three versions of NORA were designed:
445:152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20)
338:Serbian Army NORA 152 mm howitzer
1590:Military Technical Institute Belgrade
242:Vertical semi-automatic sliding wedge
107:Military Technical Institute Belgrade
7:
1552:
1523:Šumadija (multiple rocket launcher)
1380:Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon
538:M08 152 mm / 45 cal. towed gun
522:130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)
201:5.73 m (18 ft 10 in)
193:9.67 m (31 ft 9 in)
14:
209:2.16 m (7 ft 1 in)
1551:
1540:
1539:
801:"ТОП-ХАУБИЦА 152mm М84 "НОРА-А""
713:
698:
665:
641:
307:Effective firing range
55:
31:
290:Burst: 6 rpm (A1 version 8 rpm)
826:Paligorić, Anastas L. (2011).
315:Maximum firing range
142:
1:
1361:Unmanned ground vehicle Miloš
556:at the time of introduction.
513:. Today, the latest version,
1174:Mortar 60 mm M06C (Commando)
932:Military Technical Institute
732:Croatian War of Independence
417:Military Technical Institute
1199:Mortar 120mm M95 Long Range
972:Counter-insurgency aircraft
404:
377:
1626:
1510:Surface-to-surface missile
1274:Tanks and armored vehicles
1169:Mortar 60mm M95 Long Range
1535:
1108:Multiple rocket launchers
457:extended range ammunition
393:
366:
232:152.4 mm (6 in)
221:
51:Place of origin
30:
1067:Self-propelled artillery
775:"ПРОЈЕКТИЛ 152mm M84/ГГ"
493:Technical Testing Center
1580:Artillery of Yugoslavia
1353:Unmanned ground vehicle
1325:Unmanned aerial vehicle
1184:Universal Mortar UB M52
845:10.5937/vojtehg1104208P
685:Mixed Artillery Brigade
378:Top — haubica NORA
367:Топ — хаубица НОРА
354:in the Second World War
1454:Air-to-surface missile
1194:Light mortar 120mm M75
1189:Light mortar 120mm M74
626:Transportation and use
421:Yugoslav People's Army
405:Novo oruđe artiljerije
355:
339:
286:Rate of fire
82:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1371:Anti aircraft weapons
832:Vojnotehnički glasnik
394:Ново оруђе артиљерије
345:
337:
320:(base bleed M-84/GG)
128:BNT Novi Travnik, BiH
1307:Engineering vehicles
1021:Soko G-4 Super Galeb
750:152 mm howitzer 2A65
554:152 mm howitzer 2A65
484:auxiliary power unit
459:(28 to 34.5 km)
441:M114 155 mm howitzer
298:Muzzle velocity
170:NORA M08 152 mm
1585:Artillery of Serbia
482:NORA-C 152 mm
167:NORA-A1 155 mm
1423:Anti-aircraft guns
356:
340:
164:NORA-C 152 mm
161:NORA-B 152 mm
158:NORA-A 152 mm
98:Production history
18:Towed gun-howitzer
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1472:Laser guided bomb
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1213:Anti-tank warfare
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940:Military aircraft
635:Current operators
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1600:155 mm artillery
1595:152 mm artillery
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1482:Unguided rockets
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1431:M-86 auto-cannon
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1179:Mortar 82mm M69A
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990:Trainer aircraft
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1164:Mortar 60mm M70
1159:Mortar 60mm M57
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69:Service history
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889:External links
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878:yugoimport.com
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838:(4): 208–247.
834:(in Serbian).
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419:(MTI) for the
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1057:M-56 Howitzer
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379:
373:
364:
360:
353:
349:
344:
336:
327:
323:
318:34.5 km
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
299:
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
277:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
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249:
245:
241:
239:
235:
231:
229:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
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184:
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136:
132:
129:
126:
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119:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
96:
93:
92:Yugoslav Wars
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
67:
64:
53:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
16:
1557:
1544:
1315:VIU-55 Munja
1236:M90 Stršljen
877:
868:
854:
835:
831:
821:
809:. Retrieved
807:(in Serbian)
804:
795:
783:. Retrieved
781:(in Serbian)
778:
681:Serbian Army
657:Bosnian Army
629:
620:
612:
604:
595:
587:
579:
571:
563:
549:
546:
530:
525:
519:
508:
505:
500:
496:
490:
471:
438:
425:Serbian Army
382:
358:
357:
310:24.0 km
302:810 m/s
137:1984–present
121:Manufacturer
74:Used by
45:gun-howitzer
15:
1264:Zastava NTV
1013:Jet trainer
584:NORA M-84B2
576:NORA M-84B1
435:Development
145: built
1574:Categories
1003:Utva Lasta
756:References
706:Yugoslavia
617:Ammunition
543:Ammunition
270:-5° to 65°
63:Yugoslavia
25:NORA M-84
1605:Howitzers
1333:Komarac-1
1231:M80 Zolja
1141:Oganj M18
1049:Howitzers
1040:Artillery
568:NORA M-84
515:NORA B-52
510:NORA B-52
497:M-84 NORA
399:romanized
386:acronymic
372:romanized
359:NORA M-84
348:centenary
266:Elevation
116:1974–1980
1546:Category
1518:Košava 1
1500:Plamen B
1495:Plamen A
1445:Missiles
1292:BVP M-80
1259:FAP 2026
1254:FAP 1118
739:See also
560:Variants
352:Belgrade
276:Traverse
257:Carriage
153:Variants
134:Produced
113:Designed
103:Designer
1558:Commons
1297:OT M-60
1226:M79 Osa
1151:Mortars
1116:Tamnava
998:UTVA 75
962:Jastreb
897:(video)
721:Croatia
601:NORA A1
526:M-46/86
431:truck.
413:
401::
390:Serbian
374::
363:Serbian
228:Caliber
1467:Grom B
1462:Grom A
1413:HARPAS
1408:PASARS
1393:BOV-30
1343:Vrabac
1287:M-84AS
1221:Bumbar
1126:Plamen
1121:Morava
980:Kraguj
811:21 May
785:21 May
718:
703:
673:Serbia
670:
649:Bosnia
646:
592:M46/84
550:M84/ГГ
501:M-84B1
448:have:
325:Sights
248:Recoil
238:Breech
206:Height
190:Length
78:Serbia
60:
43:Towed
1388:BOV-3
1338:Pegaz
1136:Orkan
1131:Oganj
487:funds
260:trail
198:Width
1490:M-77
1403:Sava
1398:Foka
1282:M-84
1098:Nora
1080:Nora
1075:Sora
957:Orao
813:2023
787:2023
745:FH70
679:The
655:The
455:new
411:lit.
388:for
383:NORA
214:Crew
182:Mass
88:Wars
40:Type
840:doi
609:M08
280:50°
148:88+
143:No.
1576::
876:.
836:59
830:.
803:.
777:.
764:^
423:,
408:,
396:,
392::
381:;
369:,
365::
80:,
924:e
917:t
910:v
880:.
862:.
848:.
842::
815:.
789:.
687:.
361:(
217:9
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