747:
29:
814:
895:
were classified as Y3b's, since they were heavier at 567,000 pounds (257,000 kg) and came with some different design features from the Y3's and Y3a's; their air compressors were always mounted on the left side of the boiler; they were built with
Worthington BL feedwater heaters; and their tenders held different capacities—23 short tons (46,000 lb) of coal and 16,000 US gallons (61,000 L) of water.
721:
were able to generate a tractive effort of 106,000 lbf (471.51 kN) with compound expansion. A Mellin-type by-pass and intercepting control valve was used to transition the locomotive between simple and compound operations. Other features the USRA design came with included the Type A Schmidt
Superheater, the N&W-style short frame Baker valve gear, and smokebox-mounted air pumps.
899:(1,400 mm) to 58 inches (1,500 mm); and they received larger tenders that carried 26 short tons (52,000 lb) of coal and 18,000 US gallons (68,000 L) of water. In 1953, the Y4s' tender capacity was further boosted to 27 short tons (54,000 lb) of coal and 24,000 US gallons (91,000 L) of water, when the locomotives received eight-axle tenders formerly paired with
738:
their boiler pressure was raised to 270 psi (1.9 MPa), resulting in their tractive effort being boosted to 136,985 lbf (609.34 kN) with simple expansion and 114,154 lbf (507.78 kN) with compound expansion. Their tenders were replaced with larger ones that carried 30 short tons (60,000 lb) of coal and 22,000 US gallons (83,000 L) of water.
810:, where they helped push heavy freight trains up the Raton grade, and they sometimes assisted 4-8-4's in pulling longer passenger consists. The railroad quickly became ambivalent to Nos. 1790-1797's performances; while they were able to assist longer trains at Raton Pass, the locomotives' slow speeds made them incompatible with the Santa Fe's fast-moving operations.
791:'s, to other railroads in need of extra motive power to help assist the wartime shipments. In particular, six Y3's were sold in May 1943 to the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), which held a 30% share in N&W's stock at the time. The PRR reclassified their Y3's as HH1's, renumbered them as Nos. 373-378, and assigned them to operate out of their mainline terminal in
687:. When No. 1700 was placed into service, it was quickly deemed a success, being able to produce 135,600 lbf (603.18 kN) of tractive effort with simple expansion, and 104,300 lbf (463.95 kN) with compound expansion, but the locomotive's flawed boiler and firebox design prevented it from producing enough required steam.
706:, with N&W president Nicholas D. Mahler serving as the regional manager. The USRA’s mechanical engineering committee, which included two staff members from the N&W's engineering team, used the N&W's Y2 prototype as the basis for the USRA's standard 2-8-8-2 design, with the boiler and firebox problems being solved.
757:
When the Y3's were first placed into service in 1919, they were assigned alongside the Y2's in pulling the N&W's heavy coal trains over their steep grades. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the Y3's and Y3a's were assigned in general freight service on all the N&W's mainlines and branch lines.
724:
Their tenders originally carried 16 short tons (32,000 lb) of coal and 12,000 US gallons (45,000 L) of water. The N&W received forty-five locomotives (Nos. 2000-2044) of the USRA design in
February, April, and May of 1919 from the American Locomotive Company's (ALCO) Schenectady Works,
720:
The USRA 2-8-8-2's were designed with 25-by-32-inch (640 mm × 810 mm) high-pressure cylinders, 36-by-32-inch (910 mm × 810 mm) low-pressure cylinders, 57-inch (1,400 mm) diameter driving wheels, and a working boiler pressure of 240 psi (1.7 MPa), and they
894:
4-6-2's, were the very last locomotives to be built at the
Richmond plant before ALCO shut it down, and they were the very last steam locomotives the N&W ordered from an outside manufacturer; every future steam locomotive the railway ordered would be built at their Roanoke shops. Nos. 2080-2089
898:
In
October 1927, the Y3b's were all reclassified as Y4's, and in later years, they received some modifications to improve their performances; their boiler pressure was boosted from 240 psi (1.7 MPa) to 270 psi (1.9 MPa); their driving wheel diameter was increased from 57 inches
737:
Works, and they were classified as Y3a's (Nos. 2050-2079). Towards the end of the 1920s, the N&W began rebuilding and modifying all their Y3's and Y3a's; their air pumps were moved to the right side of the boiler; they were equipped with a
Worthington BL feedwater heater on the left side; and
774:
to
Roanoke. In June 1956, No. 2003 became the first Y3 to be retired from the N&W and sold for scrap, and within the next two years, the rest of the Y3's were also withdrawn from service, as the N&W began to dieselize their roster. Most of the Y3a's followed suit in 1958 and 1959.
762:
yard. One Y3, No. 2006, was modified with a booster called a "Bethlehem
Auxiliary Locomotive", which consisted of two powered trucks beneath the tender, and it increased the locomotive's tractive effort by 34,500 lbf (153.46 kN), allowing for more efficient switching maneuvers.
729:
in August and
September that same year. While the N&W was also allowed to continue ordering 1700 series Y2 class locomotives, the N&W was satisfied with the Y3's superior performance, since they were able to travel with more reliable counterbalancing.
874:, but No. 2050 was one of three such locomotives that Armco chose at random to be used as stationary boilers. The other two Y3a's were eventually scrapped, but No. 2050 remained in outdoor storage until 1975, when it was donated to the
746:
28:
806:
Throughout 1943, eight other Y3's were sold to the
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, where they were renumbered as Nos. 1790-1797. The Santa Fe assigned the eight 2-8-8-2's to operate on
1642:
836:
In June 1945, the N&W sold five more Y3's to the Union Pacific Railroad (UP), where they were renumbered as Nos. 3670-3674. The UP assigned their five 2-8-8-2's to operate around
821:
In December 1947, the Santa Fe sold Nos. 1790-1796 to the Virginian Railway, where they were renumbered again as Nos. 736-742, reclassified as USE's, and rebuilt at their
123:
1637:
949:
The first USRA 2-8-8-2’s were originally planned to be assigned to the Virginian Railway, but for unknown reasons, they were quickly delivered to the N&W, instead.
679:
In March 1918, the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W), which had been experimenting with Mallet locomotives to satisfy their growing mainline coal traffic over the
733:
Between March and June of 1923, three years the N&W was released from USRA control, the N&W decided to order thirty copies of the USRA 2-8-8-2's from ALCO's
1647:
1632:
906:'s. The Y4 locomotives were assigned in general freight and mine switching service alongside the older Y3's, but all of them were retired and scrapped in 1958.
829:'s, and the USE's were assigned to pull the railway's heavy coal trains over the Clark's Gap ruling grade. When the Virginian acquired diesel locomotives from
890:
In January 1927, the N&W received ten more copies (Nos. 2080-2089) of the USRA 2-8-8-2's from ALCO's Richmond Works. The ten mallets, along with some
580:
1438:
691:
1500:
1521:
1608:
1589:
1570:
1535:
1510:
1479:
1452:
817:
Virginian Railway USE class No. 737, which was originally built as Norfolk and Western 2015 and previously operated as Santa Fe 1792
787:, the N&W sold several of their surplus steam locomotives, including seventeen Y2's, nineteen Y3's, and all the K3 class
900:
1627:
1471:
920:
891:
699:
568:
68:
844:, and while they were shown to be successful in stop gap purposes, they were quickly deemed surplus, since the UP's
866:
Only one of the Y3a's, No. 2050, has been preserved. In 1958 and 1959, several Y3a's were sold for scrap to the
1527:
915:
861:
822:
796:
726:
72:
34:
758:
Some Y3's were also used alongside the Y2's as switchers at their coal classification yards, such as the East
875:
751:
584:
1324:
841:
576:
473:
837:
800:
680:
813:
1467:
792:
1444:
734:
725:
and the railway classified them as Y3's. Five more Y3's (Nos. 2045-2049) were delivered from the
666:
with a total of 80 locomotives built for the Norfolk and Western Railway between 1919 and 1923.
591:
1604:
1585:
1566:
1531:
1506:
1485:
1475:
1448:
684:
660:
572:
1323:
871:
759:
663:
504:
879:
830:
771:
542:
264:
683:, introduced Y2 class 2-8-8-2 No. 1700, which was constructed at the Railway's shops in
852:"Big Boys" were more powerful and reliable. Nos. 3670-3674 were all scrapped in 1948.
547:(Simple: 136,985 lbf (609.3 kN)) (Compound: 114,154 lbf (507.8 kN))
185:
110:
1621:
694:(USRA), which was created to control and standardize North American railroads during
519:
174:
164:
925:
784:
715:
695:
133:
1582:
Norfolk & Western in the Appalachians: From the Blue Ridge to the Big Sandy
770:'s in pulling 10,000-short-ton (9,100 t; 8,900-long-ton) coal trains from
807:
499:
826:
203:
867:
878:(IRM), and the following year, it was moved to the museum's property in
1332:. Vol. 31, no. 6. Kalmbach Publishing. April 1971. p. 17
930:
849:
845:
767:
657:
115:
1584:. The Golden Year of Railroading (1st ed.). Kalmbach Publishing.
825:
shops. The Virginian purchased the former Y3's to replace their aging
1030:
766:
Towards their final years in service, the Y3's replaced the Z1 class
1603:(1st ed.). Scotch Plains, New Jersey: Morning Sun Books, Inc.
903:
812:
788:
745:
320:
22,000 US gal (83,000 L; 18,000 imp gal)
1489:
302:
1545:
Dixon, Thomas W. Jr.; Parker, Karen; Huddleston, Gene (2009).
1547:
Norfolk & Western's Y-Class Articulated Steam Locomotives
1523:
Uncle Sam's Locomotives - The USRA and the Nation's Railroads
494:
39 in × 32 in (990 mm × 810 mm)
486:
25 in × 32 in (640 mm × 810 mm)
750:
N&W Y3a No. 2063 pulling a coal train tender-first in
33:
Norfolk and Western Y3 No. 2040 pulling a coal train at a
478:
Four: two low-pressure (front), two high-pressure (rear)
698:, assigned the N&W, the Virginian Railway, and the
1421:
1404:
1310:
1287:
1268:
1239:
1209:
1194:
1182:
1158:
1143:
1131:
1114:
1097:
1082:
1070:
1017:
996:
979:
833:
in 1954, all the USE's were retired from the roster.
638:
630:
614:
606:
590:
564:
559:
541:
536:
518:
510:
498:
490:
482:
472:
464:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
415:
407:
386:
365:
357:
349:
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332:
324:
316:
308:
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240:
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224:
212:
202:
194:
184:
173:
163:
132:
121:
108:
99:
94:
78:
64:
56:
46:
21:
1601:Norfolk & Western in Color Volume 1: 1954-1964
1349:
1347:
1220:
1218:
1643:Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
8:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
992:
990:
988:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
208:67 ft 4 in (20.52 m)
1353:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1093:
1091:
556:
533:
91:
43:
1464:Guide to North American Steam Locomotives
1638:Norfolk and Western Railway locomotives
1369:"Rail Museum Gift Lacks 'Horsepower'".
961:
942:
312:30 t (30 long tons; 33 short tons)
16:Class of 80 American 2-8-8-2 locomotive
1648:Steam locomotives of the United States
1633:Railway locomotives introduced in 1919
18:
1422:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1417:
1415:
1413:
1405:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1364:
1362:
1311:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1288:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1269:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1240:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1235:
1233:
1224:
1210:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1205:
1203:
1195:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1183:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1170:
1159:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1154:
1152:
1144:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1132:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1115:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1098:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1083:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1071:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
1018:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
997:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
980:Dixon, Parker & Huddleston (2009)
692:United States Railroad Administration
642:One Y3a preserved, remainder scrapped
7:
1127:
1125:
1123:
443:1,825 sq ft (169.5 m)
228:113 ft 3 in (34.52 m)
1565:(1st ed.). Pruett Publishing.
220:93 ft 3 in (28.42 m)
451:6,120 sq ft (569 m)
435:3,860 sq ft (359 m)
236:11 ft 3 in (3.43 m)
14:
1502:Great Railroad Museums of the USA
468:145 sq ft (13.5 m)
427:435 sq ft (40.4 m)
294:740,100 lb (335,700 kg)
278:531,000 lb (241,000 kg)
270:478,000 lb (217,000 kg)
214:
286:209,100 lb (94,800 kg)
27:
1373:. February 1, 1976. p. 40.
336:96 sq ft (8.9 m)
1520:Huddleston, Eugene L. (2002).
742:Revenue service and retirement
1:
901:Atlantic Coast Line R-1 class
411:270 psi (1.862 MPa)
1031:"Norfolk & Western 2050"
654:Norfolk and Western Y3 Class
22:Norfolk and Western Y3 Class
1472:Kalmbach Publishing Company
1440:Norfolk and Western Railway
921:Norfolk and Western A class
892:Southern Railway Ps-4 class
700:Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
569:Norfolk and Western Railway
69:American Locomotive Company
1664:
859:
713:
448: • Total surface
361:98 in (2,500 mm)
180:57 in (1,400 mm)
1462:Drury, George H. (1993).
555:
532:
465: • Heating area
90:
51:
42:
26:
1561:Jeffries, Lewis (1980).
1528:Indiana University Press
916:Norfolk and Western 2156
862:Norfolk and Western 2050
823:Princeton, West Virginia
779:Usage on other railroads
727:Baldwin Locomotive Works
387: • Large tubes
366: • Small tubes
198:33 in (840 mm)
190:30 in (760 mm)
169:30 in (760 mm)
73:Baldwin Locomotive Works
35:Bluefield, West Virginia
1563:N&W: Giant of Steam
1437:Harris, Nelson (2003).
1035:Illinois Railway Museum
876:Illinois Railway Museum
868:Armco Steel Corporation
710:Construction and design
333: • Grate area
818:
754:
752:Gilliam, West Virginia
690:During this time, the
585:Union Pacific Railroad
483:High-pressure cylinder
403: in (140 mm)
258: in (4.79 m)
1599:Nichols, Jim (1997).
842:Rock Springs, Wyoming
816:
749:
577:Pennsylvania Railroad
491:Low-pressure cylinder
382: in (57 mm)
358: • Diameter
1371:Springfield News-Sun
886:N&W Y3b/Y4 class
882:for static display.
681:Blue Ridge Mountains
661:"Mallet" articulated
424: • Firebox
1628:2-8-8-2 locomotives
1499:Young, Jan (2013).
1468:Waukesha, Wisconsin
1325:"Steam News Photos"
793:Enola, Pennsylvania
702:(C&O) to their
537:Performance figures
1227:, p. 299, 308
848:"Challengers" and
819:
755:
735:Richmond, Virginia
624:Santa Fe 1790-1797
440: • Flues
432: • Tubes
37:yard in April 1921
1580:King, Ed (1998).
1549:. TLC Publishing.
1354:Huddleston (2002)
1085:, pp. 21, 25
704:Pocahontas Region
685:Roanoke, Virginia
664:steam locomotives
650:
649:
646:
645:
618:N&W 2000-2079
581:Santa Fe Railroad
573:Virginian Railway
551:
550:
528:
527:
350: • Type
86:
85:
1655:
1614:
1595:
1576:
1550:
1541:
1516:
1493:
1458:
1425:
1424:, pp. 62–63
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1242:, pp. 22–23
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1021:
1020:, pp. 58–59
1015:
1000:
994:
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872:Middletown, Ohio
760:Portsmouth, Ohio
557:
534:
416:Heating surface:
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1555:Further reading
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880:Union, Illinois
864:
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831:Fairbanks-Morse
781:
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677:
672:
656:was a class of
625:
623:
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619:
607:Number in class
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579:
575:
571:
543:Tractive effort
457:
408:Boiler pressure
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265:Adhesive weight
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139:4 ft
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47:Type and origin
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860:Main article:
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100:Configuration:
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95:Specifications
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1610:1-878887-72-6
1606:
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1591:0-89024-316-6
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1574:
1572:0-87108-547-X
1568:
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1537:9780253340863
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1518:
1514:
1512:9781300755555
1508:
1504:
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1497:
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1491:
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1483:
1481:0-89024-206-2
1477:
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1454:9780738515274
1450:
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1386:, p. 172
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795:and on their
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331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
309:Fuel capacity
307:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
283:Tender weight
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
261:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
213: •
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
195:Tender wheels
193:
189:
187:
186:Trailing dia.
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
166:
162:
157:1,435 mm
137:
135:
131:
127:
125:
122: •
120:
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109: •
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25:
20:
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1505:. Lulu.com.
1501:
1463:
1439:
1431:Bibliography
1407:, p. 61
1384:Young (2013)
1379:
1370:
1356:, p. 86
1334:. Retrieved
1329:
1318:
1225:Drury (1993)
1212:, p. 31
1197:, p. 40
1190:
1185:, p. 39
1178:
1173:, p. 18
1171:Young (2013)
1166:
1161:, p. 37
1146:, p. 36
1139:
1134:, p. 47
1117:, p. 35
1100:, p. 33
1078:
1073:, p. 48
1038:. Retrieved
1034:
1025:
999:, p. 46
982:, p. 45
945:
926:USRA 2-6-6-2
897:
889:
865:
856:Preservation
835:
820:
805:
785:World War II
782:
765:
756:
732:
723:
719:
716:USRA 2-8-8-2
703:
689:
678:
653:
651:
626:UP 3670-3674
456:Superheater:
353:Straight Top
291:Total weight
165:Leading dia.
128:(1′D)D1′ hv4
838:Green River
696:World War I
675:Development
639:Disposition
622:PRR 373-378
620:VGN 736-742
275:Loco weight
244:15 ft
52:References:
1622:Categories
1040:2023-10-19
957:References
808:Raton Pass
801:Hagerstown
797:Harrisburg
714:See also:
520:Loco brake
511:Valve type
500:Valve gear
317:Water cap.
79:Build date
57:Power type
827:2-10-10-2
634:1956-1959
565:Operators
474:Cylinders
299:Fuel type
204:Wheelbase
82:1919-1923
1490:93041472
1336:June 27,
910:See also
803:branch.
460:
419:
345:
328:
325:Firebox:
153: in
104:
1445:Arcadia
931:2-6-6-6
850:4-8-8-4
846:4-6-6-4
783:During
768:2-6-6-2
670:History
658:2-8-8-2
631:Retired
615:Numbers
602:PRR HH1
600:VGN USE
398:⁄
377:⁄
341:Boiler:
253:⁄
148:⁄
116:2-8-8-2
65:Builder
1607:
1588:
1569:
1534:
1509:
1488:
1478:
1451:
1330:Trains
560:Career
514:Piston
241:Height
225:Length
217:tender
175:Driver
937:Notes
904:4-8-4
789:4-8-2
772:Crewe
592:Class
505:Baker
233:Width
215:incl.
134:Gauge
111:Whyte
60:Steam
1605:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1486:LCCN
1476:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1338:2024
840:and
652:The
303:Coal
177:dia.
870:in
598:Y3a
524:6ET
124:UIC
1624::
1530:.
1526:.
1484:.
1474:.
1470::
1466:.
1447:.
1443:.
1412:^
1391:^
1361:^
1346:^
1328:.
1295:^
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1232:^
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1202:^
1151:^
1122:^
1105:^
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1033:.
1004:^
987:^
964:^
610:80
596:Y3
71:,
1613:.
1594:.
1575:.
1540:.
1515:.
1492:.
1457:.
1340:.
1043:.
799:—
400:2
396:1
393:+
391:5
379:4
375:1
372:+
370:2
255:8
251:5
248:+
246:8
159:)
155:(
150:2
146:1
143:+
141:8
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