2162:
the
Vandals went down into Spain, and via Africa they 'vandalized' Rome; the Angles, part of the Saxons, and the Jutes moved over into England; and the Burgundians and the Lombards worked south into France and Italy. Probably very early during these centuries of migration the three outstanding groups of the Germanic peoples—the North Germanic people of Scandinavia, the East Germanic branch, comprising the Goths chiefly, and the West Germanic group, comprising the remaining Germanic tribes—developed their notable group traits. Then, while the East Germanic tribes (that is, the Goths) passed gradually out of the pages of history and disappeared completely, the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, or Norse, peoples, as they are variously called, became a distinctive people, more and more unlike the West Germanic folk who inhabited Germany itself and, ultimately, Holland, and Belgium and England. While that great migration of nations which the Germans have named the Volkerwanderung was going on, the Scandinavian division of the Germanic peoples had kept their habitation well to the north of the others and had been splitting up into the four subdivisions now known as the Swedes, Norwegians, Danes, and Icelanders. Long after the West Germanic and East Germanic peoples had made history farther south in Europe, the North Germanic tribes of Scandinavia began a series of expeditions which, during the eighth and ninth centuries, in the so-called Viking Age especially, led them to settle Iceland, to overrun England and even annex it to Denmark temporarily, and, most important of all, to settle in northern France and merge with the French to such an extent that Northmen became Normans, and later these Normans became the conquerors of England.
1946:'Viking' is a term used to describe a certain class of marauding Scandinavian warrior from the 8th through the 11th century. However, when discussing the entire culture of the Northern Germanic peoples of the early Middle Ages, and especially in terms of the languages and literatures of these peoples, it would be more accurate to use the term 'Norse'. Therefore during the Middle Ages and beyond, it therefore might be useful to speak of 'German' peoples in middle Europe and of 'Norse' peoples in Scandinavia and the North Atlantic.
176:
1341:
59:
1277:
1049:
2956:
1995:'Old Norse' defines the culture of Norway and Iceland during the Middle Ages. It is a somewhat illogical concept as it is largely synonymous with 'Norse' ... The term 'Norse' is often used as a translation of norroenn. As such it applies to all the Germanic peoples of Scandinavia and their colonies in the British Isles and the North Atlantic.
2125:
The same can be said of Viking Age
Scandinavians who did not have a common ethnonym but expressed their common identity through the geographical and linguistic terms ... There is absolutely no doubt about a common Northern identity during the Viking Age and afterwards ... it even survives
2161:
he pages of history have been filled with accounts of various
Germanic peoples that made excursions in search of better homes; the Goths went into the Danube valley and thence into Italy and southern France; and thence into Italy and southern France; the Franks seized what was later called France;
841:. Historians of Anglo-Saxon England distinguish between Norse Vikings (Norsemen) from Norway, who mainly invaded and occupied the islands north and north-west of Britain, as well as Ireland and western Britain, and Danish Vikings, who principally invaded and occupied eastern Britain.
2078:
Who were the Norse people? The term Norse is commonly applied to pre-Christian
Northern Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the so-called Viking Age. Old Norse gradually developed into the North Germanic languages, including Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian, and
913:, which was borrowed into English from Dutch during the 16th century with the sense 'Norwegian', and which by Scott's time had acquired the sense "of or relating to Scandinavia or its language, esp in ancient or medieval times". As with modern use of the word
1849:
distinguishes between the "Danish kingdom of York" and the "Norse kingdom of York", and refers in the mid-tenth century to "the antagonism between Danes and
Norsemen, which is often ignored by modern writers, but underlies the whole history in this period"
1867:, 1995. p. 108); in 793: "The hit-and-run raid on Lindisfarne was probably the work of Norse rather than Danish warriors, straying from their accustomed haunts in the Faroes and Orkney down the North Sea coast of Britain in search of easy loot" (
1887:
Out of convenience, "Scandinavians" is commonly used as a synonym for "North
Germanic peoples" even though Icelanders and Faroe Islanders do not inhabit Scandinavia today. The term is, therefore, given a cultural rather than geographical
1862:
tends to use the term "Danish" for all
Scandinavian forces, but the attackers on Portland in the late eighth century seem to have been "predominantly Norse adventurers, but some way from their normal raiding grounds in Britain"
2509:
2279:
2231:
2220:
2201:
Ottar belonged to a group of peoples who were beginning to have a huge impact on
European history. They are now called 'Scandinavians', though historically they were called 'Northmen'.
2420:
2700:
757:
2307:
2648:
1315:
The Norse
Scandinavians established polities and settlements in what are now Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), Ireland, Iceland, Russia, Belarus, France,
781:
1040:
over the Norse kings of York: "The Danes were previously subjected by force under the
Norsemen, for a long time in bonds of captivity to the heathens".
4422:
1308:, today is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the Danish–German border. The southernmost living Vikings lived no further north than
3603:
3147:
4387:
4382:
4241:
3981:
3751:
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2483:
2458:
2414:
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1402:
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837:. In English-language scholarship since the 19th century, Norse seafaring traders, settlers and warriors have commonly been referred to as
3558:
3040:
1615:
337:
2708:
2572:
2194:
2106:
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1976:
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1388:
142:
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3700:
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270:
4171:
3951:
1600:
3573:
2304:
1366:
80:
2674:
2112:
1982:
1933:
3776:
1284:
The British conception of the Vikings' origins was inaccurate. Those who plundered Britain lived in what is today Denmark,
4458:
4412:
4297:
3588:
3563:
3142:
1683:
928:
does echo terms meaning 'Northman', applied to Norse-speakers by the peoples they encountered during the Middle Ages. The
767:
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3358:
123:
4267:
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2935:
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1829:
For example: "Most of the earliest Viking settlers in Ireland were Norsemen, but c.850 a large Danish Host arrived" (
1351:
993:
in local Romance languages). This form may in turn have been borrowed into Arabic: the prominent early Arabic source
95:
1915:
Mythology in the Middle Ages: Heroic Tales of Monsters, Magic, and Might: Heroic Tales of Monsters, Magic, and Might
1124:(an area in central Dublin; the name is still current) comes from one of their settlements; they were also known as
3643:
3613:
3498:
3238:
2255:
893:
first appears in English during the early 19th century: the earliest attestation given in the third edition of the
1370:
1355:
69:
4453:
4337:
4116:
3488:
3162:
2562:
2504:
1362:
895:
641:
76:
47:
43:
102:
3961:
3513:
3483:
3478:
3198:
2810:
2390:
1265:
1070:, but it was not used in this sense at the time. In Old Norse and Old English, the word simply meant 'pirate'.
818:
551:
359:
290:
4046:
3328:
1539:
1487:
CE), Icelandic explorer thought to have been the first European to have set foot on continental North America
1116:(foreign Gaelic) were used for the people of Norse descent in Ireland and Scotland, who assimilated into the
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4156:
4126:
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1810:
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571:
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3373:
3363:
3258:
3233:
3093:
1780:
1650:
884:
803:
218:
205:
109:
689:
4307:
4206:
3991:
3886:
3811:
3193:
3152:
3113:
3015:
2733:
1013:
939:
4392:
4066:
3871:
3786:
3736:
3045:
1763:
975:
The same word entered Hispanic languages and local varieties of Latin with forms beginning not only in
994:
4417:
4357:
4332:
4196:
4091:
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3428:
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2041:
The term 'Norse' will be used as a catchall term for all North Germanic peoples in the sagas ...
1968:
905:
91:
33:
2895:
1173:
in east-central Sweden, where most of the Northmen who visited the Eastern Slavic lands originated.
4372:
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3333:
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3208:
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2032:
2024:
1909:
1837:, 3rd ed., 2003, pp. 66–67); "In 875 Danes and Norsemen were competing" for control of Scotland (
1830:
1775:
1611:
1240:
1194:
1177:
814:
561:
283:
235:
4036:
2007:
DeAngelo, Jeremy (2010). "The North and the Depiction of the 'Finnar' in the Icelandic Sagas".
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2016:
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Archaeologists and historians of today believe that these Scandinavian settlements in the
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521:
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240:
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1630:
CE), Icelandic skald who widely served in Iceland, Norway, Ireland, Orkney, and Sweden
116:
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3816:
3705:
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2174:
2143:
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511:
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37:
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known for her poetry concerning the banishment of her father Rolv Nevia, the Viking
4136:
4001:
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3678:
2992:
2982:
2875:
1868:
1838:
1477:
1464:
1254:
929:
900:
694:
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2435:
1304:, Sweden. The border between the Norsemen and more southerly Germanic tribes, the
431:
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2179:
2092:
2057:
1962:
1913:
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is a common term for attacking Norsemen, especially in connection with raids and
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3673:
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3518:
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2783:
2768:
1958:
1340:
1017:
826:
721:
698:
656:
556:
536:
436:
200:
175:
58:
2596:
3766:
3731:
2925:
2920:
2835:
2406:
2328:
A Guide to the Study of Medieval History for Students, Teachers, and Libraries
1747:
1719:
1530:
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955:
857:
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471:
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255:
17:
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4086:
4056:
3841:
3623:
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2945:
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2820:
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1795:
1704:
1660:
CE), Icelandic skald known for her verses taunting the Christian missionary
1558:
1519:
1426:
1320:
1305:
1189:
1048:
746:
703:
661:
636:
591:
526:
411:
349:
1276:
651:
327:
307:
2351:
2335:
1319:, Belgium, Ukraine, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Germany, Poland,
3996:
3956:
3688:
3663:
3135:
3057:
2977:
2915:
2910:
2830:
2825:
2773:
1919:
1700:
1574:
1170:
1063:
1037:
969:
626:
611:
531:
506:
476:
451:
374:
2276:
2228:
2217:
2028:
1474:
CE), Norwegian explorer and founder of the first settlement in Greenland
1217:
Modern Scandinavian languages have a common word for Norsemen: the word
4011:
3936:
3911:
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3876:
3761:
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3050:
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2905:
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1301:
1181:
1058:
1033:
965:
838:
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416:
317:
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265:
2535:(2nd edition by William A. Craigie ed.). Oxford University Press.
4226:
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2020:
1752:
1743:
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1316:
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354:
312:
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1120:
culture. Dubliners called them Ostmen, or East-people, and the name
1074:
364:
2094:
Expansions: Competition and Conquest in Europe Since the Bronze Age
1312:, and travelled to Britain more from the east than from the north.
4106:
4096:
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2815:
1790:
1785:
1666:
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1275:
1138:
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369:
300:
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27:
Historical linguistic group of people originating in Scandinavia
2722:
1201:, meaning "sworn men"), and the Scandinavian bodyguards of the
959:
192:
in orange. Yellow and green denote related Germanic languages.
1334:
829:. During the late eighth century, Scandinavians embarked on a
332:
52:
1158:
1152:
42:"Norseman" and "Northmen" redirect here. For other uses, see
2595:
Baldour, John Alexander; Mackenzie, William Mackay (1910).
2476:
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, A Collaborative Edition, 3, MS A
1288:, the western coast of Sweden and Norway (up to almost the
1260:) is used for both ancient and modern people living in the
825:
and is the predecessor of the modern Germanic languages of
2718:
2153:
English Language Reader: Introductory Essays and Exercises
2546:
Bosworth, Joseph; Northcote Toller, T. (1898). "wícing".
2531:
Cleasby, Richard; Vigfusson, Gudbrand (1957). "víkingr".
2449:
Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. (1979). "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle".
1964:
A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
1686:(died 1271 CE), influential Icelandic matriarch and skald
1718:(1179–1241), Icelandic historian, poet, politician, and
1125:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1084:
1762:
CE), legendary shield-maiden known for her role in the
1292:) and along the Swedish Baltic coast up to around the
1180:
lands formed the names of the countries of Russia and
1020:, distinguishes between the pagan Norwegian Norsemen (
972:, which was settled by Norsemen in the tenth century.
2453:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Routledge. p. 221.
4441:
4250:
3724:
3612:
3176:
3071:
3001:
2963:
2756:
2451:
English Historical Documents, Volume 1, c. 500–1042
1442:CE), prominent Icelandic warrior and member of the
948:and was widely used in Latin texts. The Latin word
83:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2178:
2142:
997:identified the 844 raiders on Seville not only as
933:
1676:CE), a.k.a. the "Red Woman", legendary Norwegian
1425:CE), king of Denmark and Norway, namesake of the
984:
1169:, i.e. "related to rowing", or from the area of
1248:
1164:
1412:CE), ship captain and early settler of Iceland
1187:The Slavs and the Byzantines also called them
2734:
2641:"Nordiska furstar lade grunden till Ryssland"
2295:Michael Lerche Nielsen, Review of Rune Palm,
1843:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
1218:
775:
8:
2330:, Berkeley: University of California, 1917,
1280:Exploration and expansion routes of Norsemen
1004:
2701:"The Vikings: A Memorable Visit to America"
2567:. Oxford University Press. pp. 15–16.
2478:. Cambridge, UK: D. S. Brewer. p. 73.
2344:Littérature latine et histoire du moyen âge
1500:CE), powerful Swedish magnate and matriarch
1369:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
949:
943:
921:has no particular basis in medieval usage.
844:Modern descendants of Norsemen include the
2741:
2727:
2719:
2622:. Göteborgs universitet. CLTS. pp. 20–22.
909:. The word was coined using the adjective
782:
768:
154:
2051:
2049:
1873:The Kingdom of Northumberland AD 350–1100
1389:Learn how and when to remove this message
1163:), probably derived from various uses of
1036:. In 942, it records the victory of King
143:Learn how and when to remove this message
36:. For the association football club, see
2564:Vikings : A Very Short Introduction
864:, who are now generally referred to as "
2399:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1901:
1822:
1726:whose work comprises a major source of
166:
2380:(London: Bloomsbury, 2015), pp. 23–24.
2367:(London: Bloomsbury, 2015), pp. 15–17.
2275:, Oxford University Press, July 2018,
2251:, Oxford University Press, July 2018,
2216:, Oxford University Press, July 2018,
1835:An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England
964:. From this word came the name of the
833:in all directions, giving rise to the
2423:from the original on 25 November 2021
2277:https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/128371
2229:https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/128312
2218:https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/128316
2212:"Norseman, n.", "Norse, n. and adj."
758:WikiProject Norse history and culture
7:
3604:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
2651:from the original on 17 January 2023
2601:. Arran society of Glasgow. p.
2512:from the original on 17 January 2023
2253:http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/223373
2115:from the original on 17 January 2023
1985:from the original on 17 January 2023
1936:from the original on 17 January 2023
1458:CE), explorer and early colonist of
1367:adding citations to reliable sources
1300:. They also came from the island of
81:adding citations to reliable sources
3559:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
2144:"The Indo-European Language Family"
1883:
1881:
1597:CE), legendary Viking hero and king
885:North Germanic peoples § Names
4423:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
4388:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
4383:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
3752:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
2672:The Varangians: In God's Holy Fire
25:
2508:. Oxford University Press. 2018.
1104:(Norwegian Viking or Norwegian),
2954:
2699:Linden, Eugene (December 2004).
1854:, 3rd ed., 1971, pp. 359, 765);
1339:
174:
57:
2533:An Icelandic–English Dictionary
2059:The Handy Mythology Answer Book
1865:Wessex in the Early Middle Ages
1535:Hälsingland Rune Inscription 21
68:needs additional citations for
32:For the television series, see
3574:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
2620:Särkland och dess källmaterial
1110:(Danish Viking or Danish) and
1066:plundering by Norsemen in the
817:. The language belongs to the
813:, during which they spoke the
1:
4459:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
4413:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
3589:Siege of Constantinople (860)
2647:(in Swedish). 14 March 2001.
2286:. Accessed 10 September 2018.
2262:. Accessed 10 September 2018.
2238:. Accessed 10 September 2018.
1756:
1736:
1693:
1670:
1654:
1637:
1624:
1604:
1591:
1571: 820 – late 9th century
1567:
1543:
1523:
1507:
1494:
1481:
1468:
1452:
1436:
1419:
1406:
1095:(Danes) by the Anglo-Saxons.
1073:The Norse were also known as
989:(apparently reflecting nasal
4378:Småland Runic Inscription 48
4278:Danish Runic Inscription 380
4273:Danish Runic Inscription 154
2682:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2020).
2561:Richards, Julian D. (2005).
2436:UK public library membership
1647:priest and seafaring warrior
1153:
4268:Danish Runic Inscription 66
3772:Birka female Viking warrior
3464:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
2474:Bately, Janet, ed. (1986).
2401:. Oxford University Press.
2297:Vikingarnas språk, 750–1100
1707:, farmer, and anti-hero of
1205:emperors were known as the
1005:
4501:
4298:Gunnar's bridge runestones
3644:Viking Age arms and armour
3499:Battle of Strangford Lough
3239:Battle of Brentford (1016)
2550:. Oxford University Press.
2342:, citing Léopold Delisle,
2091:Kristinsson, Axel (2010).
2056:Leeming, David A. (2014).
1159:
882:
41:
31:
4454:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
4428:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
4117:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
3952:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
3489:Battle of Stamford Bridge
2952:
2548:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
2505:Oxford English Dictionary
1740: early 11th century
1213:Modern Scandinavian usage
1089:(Norse) by the Gaels and
1028:and the Christian Danes (
896:Oxford English Dictionary
642:Medieval Scandinavian law
48:Northmen (disambiguation)
44:Norseman (disambiguation)
3962:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
3867:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
3701:Raid Warfare and Tactics
3544:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
3514:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
3484:Battle of Stamford (918)
3479:Battle of Stamford (894)
3384:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
3199:Battle of Anglesey Sound
2139:Kennedy, Arthur Garfield
1641: late 10th century
1616:Norse colonial Greenland
1266:North Germanic languages
1264:and speaking one of the
868:" rather than Norsemen.
552:Early Germanic calendars
360:Hel (mythological being)
4182:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
4127:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
3857:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
3584:Siege of Chartres (911)
3434:Battle of Reading (871)
3389:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
3379:Battle of London Bridge
3349:Battle of Hingston Down
2395:"Edmund I (920/21–946)"
2346:, Paris: Leroux, 1890,
2282:17 January 2023 at the
2258:17 January 2023 at the
2234:17 January 2023 at the
2223:17 January 2023 at the
2187:Oxford University Press
1811:Swedes (Germanic tribe)
1684:Steinvör Sighvatsdóttir
1674: 5th–11th century
1198:
1165:
1126:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1075:
1056:In modern scholarship,
985:
960:
934:
823:Indo-European languages
572:Death in Norse paganism
338:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar
4480:North Germanic peoples
4338:Norra Härene Runestone
4263:Baltic area runestones
3777:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
3564:Raids in the Rhineland
3374:Battle of Leuven (891)
3364:Battle of Islandbridge
3359:Battle of Hjörungavágr
3259:Battle of Cathair Cuan
1781:Danes (Germanic tribe)
1281:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1219:
1053:
950:
944:
917:, therefore, the word
4308:Hakon Jarl runestones
4207:Tryggvi the Pretender
4112:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
4047:Ohthere of Hålogaland
3992:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
3812:Eohric of East Anglia
3711:Svinfylking Formation
3519:Battle of Tarbat Ness
3329:Battle of Fýrisvellir
3194:First Battle of Alton
2711:on 24 September 2015.
2677:18 April 2021 at the
2407:10.1093/ref:odnb/8501
2310:24 April 2018 at the
2303:126.3 (2006) 584–86 (
1969:John Wiley & Sons
1279:
1051:
1014:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
883:Further information:
872:History of the terms
831:large-scale expansion
4418:Varangian runestones
4333:Lingsberg Runestones
4313:Hällestad Runestones
4197:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
4157:Styrbjörn the Strong
4092:Rognvald Eysteinsson
4072:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
3837:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
3807:Egill Skallagrímsson
3554:Burning of Luimneach
3529:Battle of Tettenhall
3494:Battle of Stiklestad
3429:Battle of Rastarkalv
3339:Battle of Hafrsfjord
3304:Battle of Englefield
3264:Battle of Chippenham
3254:Battle of Buttington
3249:Battle of Brunanburh
3244:Battle of Brissarthe
2705:Smithsonian Magazine
2378:Vikings in the South
2365:Vikings in the South
2181:The Isles: A History
2149:Lee, Donald Woodward
2099:ReykjavíkurAkademían
2009:Scandinavian Studies
1742:CE), semi-legendary
1690:Egill Skallagrímsson
1533:responsible for the
1449:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
1363:improve this section
1331:Notable Norse people
906:Harold the Dauntless
77:improve this article
34:Norsemen (TV series)
4363:Sigtrygg Runestones
4353:Runestones of Högby
4258:Ballstorp Runestone
4242:Unn the Deep-Minded
4177:Thorfinn the Mighty
4172:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
4152:Steinunn Refsdóttir
3942:Hemming Halfdansson
3797:Bjorn the Easterner
3524:Battle of Tempsford
3474:Battle of Stainmore
3454:Battle of Rochester
3394:Battle of Mag Femen
3354:Battle of the Holme
3279:Battle of Corbridge
3234:Battle of Brávellir
3184:Tactics and warfare
2988:Viking ship replica
2669:Sverrir Jakobsson,
2326:Louis John Paetow,
2301:Historisk Tidskrift
1910:Fee, Christopher R.
1852:Anglo-Saxon England
1658: 10th century
1651:Steinunn Refsdóttir
1621:Gunnlaugr ormstunga
1608: 10th century
1601:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
1583:Aud the Deep-Minded
1527: 11th century
1498: 11th century
1429:wireless technology
1403:Aud the Deep-Minded
1310:Newcastle upon Tyne
495:Rituals and worship
4393:Sparlösa Runestone
4348:Runestones at Aspa
4343:Orkesta Runestones
4288:England runestones
3907:Halfdan Ragnarsson
3887:Hakon Rognvaldsson
3872:Gunnar Hámundarson
3852:Godfrid Haraldsson
3787:Bjarni Herjólfsson
3737:Amlaíb Cenncairech
3725:Historical figures
3629:Great Heathen Army
3617:and fortifications
3534:Battle of Thetford
3459:Battle of Sasireti
3449:Battle of Ringmere
3334:Battle of Glenmama
3309:Battle of Epiphany
3299:Battle of Edington
3269:Battle of Clontarf
3229:Battle of Benfleet
3209:Battle of Assandun
3046:L'Anse aux Meadows
2871:Old Norse religion
2645:Popularhistoria.se
1858:comments that the
1831:Peter Hunter Blair
1776:Anglo-Scandinavian
1764:Battle of Bråvalla
1595: 9th century
1547: 9th century
1540:Hildr Hrólfsdóttir
1410: 9th century
1323:, Canada, and the
1282:
1130:, or Lake-people.
1083:, by the Germans,
1054:
815:Old Norse language
562:Seeress (Germanic)
284:Old Norse religion
236:Pre-Roman Iron Age
4467:
4466:
4433:Viking runestones
4368:Simris Runestones
4358:Sædinge Runestone
4328:Karlevi Runestone
4318:Ingvar runestones
4293:Greece runestones
4202:Thorstein the Red
4187:Thorkell the Tall
4067:Ragnar Ragnarsson
3972:Ivar the Boneless
3897:Haakon Sigurdsson
3847:Garðar Svavarsson
3832:Eiríkr Hákonarson
3827:Eric I of Denmark
3782:Bjorn Asbrandsson
3669:Gjermundbu helmet
3539:Battle of Thimeon
3509:Battle of Sulcoit
3504:Battle of Svolder
3469:Battle of Skyhill
3439:Battle of Renfrew
3419:Battle of Norditi
3404:Battle of Meretun
3324:Battle of Fulford
3319:Battle of Florvåg
3204:Battle of Ashdown
2931:Viking runestones
2688:978-3-030-53797-5
2628:978-91-981859-3-5
2616:Thunberg, Carl L.
2598:The Book of Arran
2485:978-0-85991-103-0
2460:978-0-415-14366-0
2434:(subscription or
2416:978-0-19-861412-8
2064:Visible Ink Press
1801:Haplogroup I-M253
1733:Thorkell the Tall
1581:, and husband of
1399:
1398:
1391:
1145:knew them as the
1098:The Gaelic terms
938:("Northman") was
811:Early Middle Ages
792:
791:
617:Germanic kingship
323:Wayland the Smith
246:Germanic Iron Age
231:Nordic Bronze Age
153:
152:
145:
127:
16:(Redirected from
4492:
4398:Stangeland stone
4373:Sjörup Runestone
4323:Italy runestones
4303:Hagby Runestones
4283:Egtved Runestone
4217:Valtoke Gormsson
4162:Sweyn Asleifsson
4147:Snorri Sturluson
4132:Sigurd the Stout
4077:Ragnall ua Imair
3967:Ingólfr Arnarson
3917:Harald Bluetooth
3902:Halfdan Long-Leg
3444:Battle of Remich
3424:Battle of Pinhoe
3409:Battle of Nesjar
3399:Battle of Maldon
3344:Battle of Helgeå
3314:Battle of Fitjar
3294:Battle of Dollar
3284:Battle of Cynwit
3274:Battle of Confey
3214:Battle of Basing
3079:Viking expansion
3011:North Sea Empire
2958:
2936:Viking Age trade
2811:Germanic deities
2743:
2736:
2729:
2720:
2713:
2712:
2707:. Archived from
2696:
2690:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2637:
2631:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2293:
2287:
2269:
2263:
2245:
2239:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2184:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2021:10.2307/25769033
2004:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1906:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1875:, 1993, p. 173).
1845:, 1997, p. 90);
1827:
1761:
1758:
1741:
1738:
1716:Snorri Sturluson
1698:
1695:
1675:
1672:
1659:
1656:
1642:
1639:
1629:
1626:
1609:
1606:
1596:
1593:
1572:
1569:
1548:
1545:
1528:
1525:
1512:
1509:
1499:
1496:
1486:
1483:
1473:
1470:
1457:
1454:
1441:
1438:
1424:
1421:
1416:Harald Bluetooth
1411:
1408:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1343:
1335:
1262:Nordic countries
1252:
1222:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1129:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1078:
1008:
988:
963:
953:
947:
937:
807:linguistic group
784:
777:
770:
345:Dwarf (folklore)
271:Christianization
251:Migration Period
226:Nordic Stone Age
178:
155:
148:
141:
137:
134:
128:
126:
85:
61:
53:
21:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4437:
4408:Runestone U 582
4246:
4167:Sweyn Forkbeard
4082:Raud the Strong
4042:Orm Storolfsson
4037:Olof Skötkonung
4027:Olav Haraldsson
4022:Olaf Tryggvason
4007:Magnus Barefoot
3987:Ketill Flatnose
3932:Harald Wartooth
3927:Harald Hardrada
3922:Harald Fairhair
3892:Haakon the Good
3720:
3716:Varangian Guard
3616:
3608:
3579:Siege of Asselt
3569:Raid on Seville
3369:Battle of Largs
3289:Battle of Derby
3224:Battle of Bauds
3219:Battle of Barry
3189:Battle of Aclea
3172:
3067:
3003:
2997:
2965:
2959:
2950:
2856:Norse mythology
2804:Younger Futhark
2752:
2747:
2717:
2716:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2679:Wayback Machine
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2614:
2610:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2417:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2375:
2371:
2362:
2358:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2312:Wayback Machine
2294:
2290:
2284:Wayback Machine
2271:"Northman, n."
2270:
2266:
2260:Wayback Machine
2246:
2242:
2236:Wayback Machine
2225:Wayback Machine
2211:
2207:
2197:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2074:
2066:. p. 143.
2055:
2054:
2047:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1988:
1986:
1979:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1772:
1759:
1739:
1728:Norse mythology
1696:
1673:
1657:
1643:CE), Norwegian
1640:
1634:Raud the Strong
1628: 983–1008
1627:
1607:
1594:
1570:
1549:CE), Norwegian
1546:
1526:
1513:CE), the first
1510:
1504:Harald Fairhair
1497:
1485: 970–1020
1484:
1472: 950–1003
1471:
1455:
1444:Varangian Guard
1439:
1422:
1409:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1360:
1344:
1333:
1274:
1215:
1207:Varangian Guard
1046:
887:
881:
854:Faroe Islanders
788:
752:
751:
717:
709:
708:
697:
685:
677:
676:
587:
577:
576:
522:Walpurgis Night
497:
487:
486:
402:
392:
391:
286:
276:
275:
221:
193:
149:
138:
132:
129:
86:
84:
74:
62:
51:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4449:Viking revival
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4062:Ragnar Lodbrok
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4032:Olaf the White
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Björn Ironside
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3599:Siege of Paris
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3549:Battle of York
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Battle of Niså
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:Orkney Islands
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2966:and navigation
2961:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2691:
2662:
2632:
2608:
2587:
2574:978-0191517396
2573:
2553:
2538:
2523:
2491:
2484:
2466:
2459:
2441:
2415:
2382:
2376:Ann Christys,
2369:
2363:Ann Christys,
2356:
2319:
2288:
2264:
2240:
2205:
2196:978-0198030737
2195:
2175:Davies, Norman
2166:
2130:
2108:978-9979992219
2107:
2083:
2073:978-1578595211
2072:
2045:
2015:(3): 257–286.
1999:
1978:978-1405137386
1977:
1950:
1929:978-0313027253
1928:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1750:
1730:
1713:
1697: 904–995
1687:
1681:
1664:
1648:
1631:
1618:
1610:CE), renowned
1598:
1588:Ragnar Lodbrok
1585:
1579:King of Dublin
1564:Olaf the White
1561:
1537:
1517:
1515:King of Norway
1511: 850–932
1501:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1446:
1433:Bolli Bollason
1430:
1413:
1397:
1396:
1347:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1273:
1270:
1214:
1211:
1052:Norse clothing
1045:
1042:
880:
870:
821:branch of the
819:North Germanic
804:North Germanic
790:
789:
787:
786:
779:
772:
764:
761:
760:
754:
753:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
692:
690:Æsir–Vanir War
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
583:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
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442:Hel (location)
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241:Roman Iron Age
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211:
210:
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195:
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182:Norse language
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150:
65:
63:
56:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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4403:Stone of Eric
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3862:Grímur Kamban
3860:
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3843:
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3823:
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3818:
3817:Eric Bloodaxe
3815:
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3808:
3805:
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3800:
3798:
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3763:
3760:
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3748:
3747:Amlaíb Conung
3745:
3743:
3742:Amlaíb Cuarán
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3706:Shield-maiden
3704:
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3699:
3697:
3696:Ring Fortress
3694:
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3597:
3595:
3594:Sack of Paris
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3141:
3137:
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3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
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3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3084:British Isles
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3041:North America
3039:
3037:
3036:Faroe Islands
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
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2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
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2979:
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2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Norse rituals
2859:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2846:Norse funeral
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
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2805:
2802:
2800:
2799:Elder Futhark
2797:
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2777:
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2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2391:Williams, Ann
2386:
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2379:
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2366:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
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2329:
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2320:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:pdf pp. 10–11
2302:
2298:
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2289:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:"Viking, n."
2244:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:. p. 7.
1970:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:. p. 3.
1921:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1895:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1856:Barbara Yorke
1853:
1848:
1847:Frank Stenton
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
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1782:
1779:
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1774:
1773:
1769:
1765:
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1745:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1699:), Icelandic
1691:
1688:
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1682:
1679:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1635:
1632:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1602:
1599:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:CE), Swedish
1521:
1518:
1516:
1505:
1502:
1492:
1489:
1479:
1476:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1423: 985/86
1417:
1414:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1382:
1379:February 2024
1372:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:This section
1346:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1325:Faroe Islands
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:60th latitude
1291:
1290:70th parallel
1287:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
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1234:
1230:
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1210:
1208:
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1196:
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1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
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1172:
1167:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1068:British Isles
1065:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:, written in
1015:
1010:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
991:dissimilation
987:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
962:
957:
954:then entered
952:
946:
941:
936:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:
902:
898:
897:
892:
886:
879:
875:
871:
869:
867:
866:Scandinavians
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
805:
801:
797:
785:
780:
778:
773:
771:
766:
765:
763:
762:
759:
756:
755:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
737:Völsung Cycle
735:
733:
732:Tyrfing Cycle
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
713:
712:
705:
702:
700:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
681:
680:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
586:
581:
580:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
512:Norse funeral
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
496:
491:
490:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
401:
396:
395:
388:
387:Ask and Embla
385:
383:
380:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
339:
336:
335:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
280:
279:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
220:
215:
214:
207:
204:
203:
202:
199:
198:
197:
196:
191:
190:Eastern Norse
187:
186:Western Norse
183:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:
147:
144:
136:
133:February 2024
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94: –
93:
89:
88:Find sources:
82:
78:
72:
71:
66:This article
64:
60:
55:
54:
49:
45:
39:
38:Norsemen F.C.
35:
30:
19:
18:Norse culture
4222:Vagn Åkesson
4142:Skalla-Grímr
4137:Sitric Caech
4002:Leif Erikson
3982:Ketilsdóttir
3822:Erik the Red
3614:Arms, armour
3004:and colonies
2993:Visby lenses
2983:Viking ships
2876:Raven banner
2840:
2709:the original
2704:
2694:
2670:
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2644:
2635:
2619:
2611:
2597:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2563:
2556:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2526:
2516:10 September
2514:. Retrieved
2503:
2500:"Viking, n."
2494:
2475:
2469:
2450:
2444:
2425:. Retrieved
2398:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2359:
2343:
2327:
2322:
2316:(in Swedish)
2300:
2296:
2291:
2272:
2267:
2248:
2243:
2213:
2208:
2200:
2180:
2169:
2160:
2152:
2133:
2124:
2117:. Retrieved
2093:
2086:
2077:
2058:
2040:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1994:
1987:. Retrieved
1963:
1959:McTurk, Rory
1953:
1945:
1938:. Retrieved
1914:
1904:
1872:
1869:N. J. Higham
1864:
1859:
1851:
1842:
1839:Peter Sawyer
1834:
1825:
1708:
1703:, sorcerer,
1680:fleet leader
1573:CE), Viking
1478:Leif Erikson
1465:Erik the Red
1385:
1376:
1361:Please help
1349:
1314:
1283:
1216:
1188:
1186:
1175:
1146:
1132:
1127:Lochlannaigh
1097:
1080:
1072:
1057:
1055:
1029:
1021:
1011:
1006:al-lawdh’āna
998:
980:
976:
974:
930:Old Frankish
925:
923:
918:
914:
910:
904:
901:Walter Scott
894:
890:
888:
877:
873:
843:
800:Norse people
799:
795:
793:
695:Fimbulwinter
647:Nithing pole
584:
189:
185:
167:
139:
130:
120:
113:
106:
99:
87:
75:Please help
70:verification
67:
29:
4192:Thorir Hund
4122:Sigurd Ring
3977:Jomsvikings
3674:Yarm helmet
3109:Isle of Man
3063:Kievan Rus'
2896:Skíðblaðnir
2850:ship burial
2769:Brisingamen
2655:15 December
2119:5 September
1989:5 September
1940:5 September
1806:Norse-Gaels
1710:Egil's Saga
1440: 1000
1178:East Slavic
1113:Gall Goidel
1044:Other names
1018:Old English
827:Scandinavia
722:Poetic Edda
657:Norse clans
557:Runic magic
542:Vé (shrine)
537:Heathen hof
467:Urðarbrunnr
457:Mímisbrunnr
437:Ginnungagap
382:Jörmungandr
261:Norse–Gaels
201:Scandinavia
188:in red and
184:in CE 900:
4474:Categories
4251:Runestones
3767:Berle-Kari
3732:Airdeconut
2926:Viking art
2921:Viking Age
2580:7 February
2273:OED Online
2249:OED Online
2214:OED Online
2157:Dodd, Mead
1896:References
1760: 750
1748:Jomsviking
1720:lawspeaker
1662:Þangbrandr
1531:runemaster
1456: 970
1245:nordboerne
1237:nordboerne
1190:Varangians
1143:Byzantines
1122:Oxmanstown
1086:Lochlanach
995:al-Mas‘ūdī
986:lordomanni
983:, such as
956:Old French
858:Norwegians
850:Icelanders
835:Viking Age
747:Runestones
727:Prose Edda
482:Jötunheimr
472:Yggdrasill
462:Hvergelmir
447:Muspelheim
256:Viking Age
180:Extent of
103:newspapers
92:"Norsemen"
4212:Turgesius
4087:Reginheri
4057:Palnatoke
3842:Freygeirr
3624:Berserker
3148:Pomerania
3143:Rhineland
3072:Expansion
3021:Greenland
3002:Homelands
2946:Yggdrasil
2866:Old Norse
2821:Hnefatafl
2789:Einherjar
2438:required)
2352:490034651
2336:185267056
2037:159972559
1860:Chronicle
1796:Gotlander
1746:lord and
1705:berserker
1559:Trondheim
1520:Gunnborga
1427:Bluetooth
1350:does not
1321:Greenland
1306:Danevirke
1296:and Lake
1272:Geography
1250:nordbuane
1241:Norwegian
1229:nordborna
1203:Byzantine
1199:Væringjar
1195:Old Norse
1107:Dubh-Gall
1101:Finn-Gall
1076:Ascomanni
1032:) of the
1003:but also
979:, but in
951:Normannus
945:Normannus
940:Latinised
924:The term
889:The word
802:) were a
704:Wild Hunt
662:Old Norse
637:Mead hall
592:Berserker
527:Midsummer
432:Fólkvangr
412:Vanaheimr
400:Cosmology
350:Einherjar
4485:Norsemen
4237:Uí Ímair
4017:Náttfari
3997:Lagertha
3957:Hvitserk
3689:Ingelrii
3684:Ulfberht
3664:Dane axe
3136:Normandy
3131:Brittany
3114:Scotland
3058:Jomsborg
3031:Shetland
2978:Longship
2916:Valkyrie
2911:Valhalla
2841:Norsemen
2831:Leysingi
2826:Holmgang
2774:Danegeld
2675:Archived
2649:Archived
2618:(2011).
2510:Archived
2427:31 March
2421:Archived
2393:(2004).
2354:, p. 17.
2308:Archived
2280:Archived
2256:Archived
2232:Archived
2221:Archived
2177:(1999).
2141:(1963).
2113:Archived
2079:Swedish.
2029:25769033
1983:Archived
1961:(2008).
1934:Archived
1920:ABC-CLIO
1912:(2011).
1770:See also
1701:war poet
1575:sea-king
1255:definite
1171:Roslagen
1141:and the
1064:monastic
1038:Edmund I
1022:Norðmenn
970:Normandy
961:Normands
935:Nortmann
926:Norseman
919:norseman
903:'s 1817
899:is from
891:Norseman
878:Northman
874:Norseman
796:Norsemen
699:Ragnarök
627:Holmgang
477:Valhalla
452:Niflheim
375:Valkyrie
168:Norsemen
160:a series
158:Part of
4442:Related
4012:Naddodd
3937:Hastein
3912:Hagrold
3882:Guthrum
3877:Guthred
3762:Bagsecg
3659:Skeggöx
3649:Halberd
3177:Battles
3153:Estonia
3089:Danelaw
3051:Vinland
3016:Iceland
2941:Wergeld
2906:Tyrfing
2891:Seeress
2836:Mjölnir
2794:Futhark
2757:Culture
2750:Vikings
2151:(ed.).
1744:Scanian
1724:Althing
1722:of the
1612:seeress
1460:Vinland
1371:removed
1356:sources
1302:Gotland
1298:Mälaren
1253:in the
1225:Swedish
1182:Belarus
1059:Vikings
1034:Danelaw
968:and of
966:Normans
839:Vikings
809:of the
716:Sources
632:Leidang
585:Society
427:Bifröst
422:Vígríðr
417:Midgard
318:Sigmund
266:Normans
219:History
206:History
117:scholar
4227:Veborg
3947:Hervor
3757:Auisle
3654:Atgeir
3634:Hersir
3163:Dublin
3158:Iberia
3126:France
3119:Wessex
3099:Mercia
3094:Anglia
2901:Thrall
2686:
2626:
2571:
2482:
2457:
2413:
2350:
2340:p. 150
2334:
2193:
2126:today.
2105:
2070:
2035:
2027:
1975:
1926:
1888:sense.
1755:(died
1753:Veborg
1678:pirate
1491:Estrid
1451:(born
1435:(born
1418:(died
1317:Sicily
1286:Scania
1258:plural
1233:Danish
1220:nordbo
1137:, the
1118:Gaelic
1081:ashmen
1026:Dublin
915:viking
862:Swedes
860:, and
684:Events
672:Thrall
607:Erilaz
407:Asgard
355:Fenrir
328:Vættir
313:Sigurd
308:Jötunn
162:on the
119:
112:
105:
98:
90:
4107:Rusla
4102:Rorik
4097:Rollo
4052:Ottir
3679:Sword
3168:Italy
2973:Knarr
2964:Ships
2886:Skald
2881:Sagas
2816:Gothi
2784:Eddas
2147:. In
2033:S2CID
2025:JSTOR
1817:Notes
1791:Goths
1786:Geats
1667:Rusla
1551:skald
1247:, or
1166:rōþs-
1139:Arabs
1135:Slavs
1024:) of
932:word
911:norse
846:Danes
667:Thing
612:Félag
567:Galdr
547:Gothi
532:Hörgr
507:Seiðr
370:Norns
301:Vanir
124:JSTOR
110:books
4232:Ubba
3802:Cnut
3639:Hird
3104:York
2764:Blót
2684:ISBN
2657:2022
2624:ISBN
2582:2018
2569:ISBN
2518:2018
2480:ISBN
2455:ISBN
2429:2021
2411:ISBN
2348:OCLC
2332:OCLC
2191:ISBN
2121:2019
2103:ISBN
2068:ISBN
1991:2019
1973:ISBN
1942:2019
1924:ISBN
1645:blót
1555:jarl
1354:any
1352:cite
1154:Rhōs
1148:Rus'
1133:The
1092:Dene
1030:Dene
1012:The
876:and
798:(or
794:The
742:Saga
622:Hird
602:Ergi
597:Earl
517:Yule
502:Blót
296:Æsir
291:Gods
96:news
46:and
2779:Dís
2403:doi
2017:doi
1614:of
1557:of
1365:by
1160:Ῥῶς
1151:or
1000:Rūs
958:as
942:as
652:Nīþ
365:Dís
333:Elf
79:by
4476::
2703:.
2643:.
2603:11
2502:.
2419:.
2409:.
2397:.
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2299:,
2227:,
2199:.
2189:.
2185:.
2159:.
2155:.
2123:.
2111:.
2101:.
2097:.
2076:.
2062:.
2048:^
2039:.
2031:.
2023:.
2013:82
2011:.
1993:.
1981:.
1967:.
1944:.
1932:.
1918:.
1880:^
1871:,
1841:,
1833:,
1757:c.
1737:c.
1694:c.
1671:c.
1655:c.
1638:c.
1625:c.
1605:c.
1592:c.
1577:,
1568:c.
1544:c.
1524:c.
1508:c.
1495:c.
1482:c.
1469:c.
1453:c.
1437:c.
1420:c.
1407:c.
1327:.
1268:.
1243::
1239:,
1235::
1231:,
1227::
1209:.
1197::
1184:.
1079:,
1009:.
981:l-
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