North American river otter

1669:, as it is not currently declining at a rate sufficient for a threat category. By the early 1900s, North American river otter populations had declined throughout large portions of their historic range in North America. However, improvements in water quality (through enactment of clean water regulations) and furbearer management techniques have permitted river otters to regain portions of their range in many areas. Reintroduction projects have been particularly valuable in restoring populations in many areas of the United States. However, North American river otters remain rare or absent in the southwestern United States. Water quality and development inhibit recovery of populations in some areas. The species is widely distributed throughout its range. In many places, the populations have re-established themselves because of conservation initiatives. Reintroduction of river otters may present a problem in that it may contaminate the genetic structure of the native population. 1644: 1069: 1045: 878: 681: 634: 1576: 42: 869:

relocated. Even in larger bodies of water, river otters may take disproportional advantage of any seasonal concentrations of fish when and where only very limited areas of suitable spawning, low-flow, or over-wintering habitat may exist. Even fast-swimming fish like trout slow down in extremely cold water, leaving them vulnerable. As such, careful consideration of any threatened, endangered, or fish species of special interest is warranted prior to reintroduction of otters to a watershed.

974:. Since their reintroduction to Kentucky in the early 1990s, the otters have recovered to the point that a trapping season was implemented in 2006, and the species is now found in all of the state's major waterways. In 2010, the Colorado Department of Wildlife reported the river otter, reintroduced to the state in the 1980s, was "thriving" and recommended its protection status be reconsidered. In late 2012, a river otter nicknamed Sutro Sam took up residence around the former site of the 775: 669: 112: 890: 626: 935: 282: 1085: 70: 3666: 1616:

including the use of reintroduction projects. Since 1976, over 4,000 otters have been reintroduced in 21 U.S. states. All Canadian provinces except Prince Edward Island and 29 U.S. states have viable populations that sustain annual harvests. While current harvest strategies do not pose a threat to maintaining otter populations, harvest may limit expansion of otter populations in some areas.

1567:) vary; it has been reported in the southern boreal forest of Manitoba. Trappers in Alberta, Canada commonly assert North American river otters are major predators of North American beavers. A 1994 river otter study reported findings of beaver remains in 27 of 1,191 scats analyzed. However, many other studies did not report any findings of North American beaver remains in the scat sampled. 3652: 926:

American river otters may leave the den by eight weeks and are capable of sustaining themselves upon the arrival of fall, but they usually stay with their families, which sometimes include the father, until the following spring. Prior to the arrival of the next litter, the North American river otter yearlings venture out in search of their own home ranges.

1635:

otter populations has been discussed. Similarly, many perceived threats to North American river otters, such as pollution and habitat alterations, have not been rigorously evaluated. Little effort has gone into assessing the threat of disease to wild North American river otter populations, so it is poorly understood and documented.

1658:(CITES). They have been virtually eliminated through many parts of their range, especially around heavily populated areas in the midwestern and eastern United States. Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction currently, but may become so unless trade is closely controlled. 1277:

Adult North American river otters are capable of consuming 1 to 1.5 kilograms (2.2 to 3.3 lb) of fish per day. A study conducted on captive otters revealed they preferred larger fish, ranging from 15 to 17 centimeters (5.9 to 6.7 in), more than smaller fish, ranging from 8 to 10 centimeters

1105:

North American river otters consume an extensive assortment of fish species ranging in size from 2 to 50 centimeters (0.79 to 19.69 in) that impart sufficient caloric intake for a minute amount of energy expenditure. North American river otters generally feed on prey that is in larger supply and

969:

However, urbanization and pollution has resulted in a reduction in the otters's range in the United States. River otters are now absent or rare in Arizona, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee. Reintroduction projects have expanded their distribution in

925:

The mothers raise their young without aid from adult males. When the pups are about two months old and their coats grow in, their mother introduces them to the water. North American river otters are natural swimmers and, with parental supervision, they acquire the skills necessary to swim. The North

1059:

Like other otters, the North American river otter lives in a holt, or den, constructed in the burrows of other animals, or in natural hollows, such as under a log or in river banks. An entrance, which may be under water or above ground, leads to a nest chamber lined with leaves, grass, moss, bark,

989:

Historical records indicate North American river otters were once populous throughout most major drainages in the continental United States and Canada prior to European settlement. North America's largest North American river otter populations were found in areas with an abundance and diversity of

782:

A highly active predator, the North American river otter has adapted to hunting in water, and eats aquatic and semiaquatic animals. The vulnerability and seasonal availability of prey animals mainly governs its food habits and prey choices. This availability is influenced by the following factors:

1634:

is a persistent water quality issue in some areas, as it eliminates otter prey. This dilemma prevents, and consequently inhibits, recolonization or growth of North American river otter populations. Recently, long-term genetic consequences of reintroduction projects on remnant North American river

1502:

have been recognized as an integral part of the North American river otter's diet. Otters consume more aquatic insects in the summer as the populations increase and specific life stages heighten their susceptibility. Most aquatic invertebrates preyed upon by the otters are from the orders Odonata

921:

In early spring, expectant mothers begin to look for a den where they can give birth. The female otters do not dig their own dens; instead, they rely on other animals, such as beavers, to provide suitable environments to raise their offspring. When the mothers have established their domains, they

367:

close to the water's edge in river, lake, swamp, coastal shoreline, tidal flat, or estuary ecosystems. The den typically has many tunnel openings, one of which generally allows the otter to enter and exit the body of water. Female North American river otters give birth in these burrows, producing

645:

that are used to detect prey in dark waters. An average adult male weighs about 11.3 kilograms (25 lb) against the female's average of 8.3 kg (18 lb). Its body length ranges from 66 to 107 cm (26 to 42 in). About one-third of the animal's total length consists of a long,

461:

and has a variety of common names, including North American river otter, northern river otter, common otter and, simply, river otter. Other documented common names are American otter, Canada otter, Canadian otter, fish otter, land otter, nearctic river otter, and Prince of Wales otter. The North

1607:

or population declines in North American river otter populations in many areas. In 1980, an examination conducted on U.S. river otter populations determined they were locally extinct in 11 states, and lost significant population in 9 other states. The most severe population declines occurred in

909:

Although North American river otters are known to be social animals, they can also survive by themselves. Their bodies allow them to avoid predators quite effectively since they can dive, burrow, twist, and turn their bodies for evasive techniques, enabling them to survive independently. North

1602:

Threats to North American river otter populations in North America vary regionally. North American river otter inhabitation is affected by type, distribution, and density of aquatic habitats and characteristics of human activities. Preceding the settlement of North America by Europeans, North

786:

The diet of the North American river otter can be deduced by analyzing either stool obtained in the field, or gut contents removed from trapped otters. Fish are the primary component of the North American river otter's diet throughout the year. Every study done on the food habits of the North

1615:

During the 1970s, improvements in natural resource management techniques emerged, along with increased concerns about North American river otter population declines in North America. Consequently, many wildlife management agencies developed strategies to restore or enhance otter populations,

868:

or other fish culture facilities). Likewise, the potential predatory impact of otters may be considerable whenever fish are physically confined (most commonly in smaller ponds offering sparse cover or other escape options). To protect fish in these cases, the otters may need to be removed or

1055:

Although commonly called a "river otter", the North American river otter is found in a wide variety of aquatic habitats, both freshwater and coastal marine, including lakes, rivers, inland wetlands, coastal shorelines, marshes, and estuaries. It can tolerate a great range of temperature and

1317:

During the winter and spring, when the water levels were higher, North American river otters had a greater tendency to prey upon crayfish (73% of scats had crayfish remains) rather than fish. However, when water levels are lower, crayfish will seek out shelter while fish become more highly

1429:, and some colonial nesting birds are preyed upon by North American river otters in various areas. Susceptibility of these species is greatest during the summer (when waterfowl broods are vulnerable) and autumn. The North American river otters have also been known to catch and consume 910:

American river otters famously love to play together, which creates strong social bonds, improves hunting skills, and marks territory. North American river otters are not aggressively territorial, but frequently scent-mark certain spots to make their presence known.

1056:

elevations. Aquatic life ties North American river otters almost exclusively to permanent watersheds. Their main requirements are a steady food supply and easy access to a body of water. However, it is sensitive to pollution, and will disappear from tainted areas.

905:

A North American river otter can have a territory as large as 78 square kilometres (30 sq mi). However, their usual territory is about 3 to 15 square miles (7.8 to 38.8 km). This can change during mating seasons, but that topic is up for debate.

1092:

The diet of the North American River otters is extensive and mostly consists of fish, frogs, crayfish, turtles, insects and some small mammals. They are known to hunt in pairs or alone and can hunt on both land and in the water. “The North American river otter

1603:

American river otters were prevalent among aquatic habitats throughout most of the continent. Trapping, loss or degradation of aquatic habitats through filling of wetlands, and development of coal, oil, gas, tanning, timber, and other industries, resulted in

1314:. In the winter, crayfish made up one-third of the North American river otter's diet. A study conducted on North American river otters in a southwestern Arkansas swamp identified a correlation between crayfish consumption, fish consumption, and water levels. 803:

formed nearly 100% of the river otter's diet at certain times of the year. However, North American river otters, as foragers, will immediately take advantage of other prey when readily obtainable. Other prey consumed by North American river otters includes

765:

North American river otters are renowned for their sense of play. Otter play mostly consists of wrestling with conspecifics. Chasing is also a common game. North American river otters rely upon play to learn survival skills such as fighting and hunting.

1278:(3.1 to 3.9 in), and they had difficulty catching fish species less than 10 centimeters (3.9 in) or larger than 17 centimeters (6.7 in). Otters are known to take larger fish on land to eat, whereas smaller fish are consumed in the water. 783:

detectability and mobility of the prey, habitat availability for the various prey species, environmental factors, such as water depth and temperature, and seasonal changes in prey supply and distribution in correspondence with otter foraging habitat.

1006:

habitats in interior regions supported smaller otter populations. The North American river otter existed on all parts of the Pacific Coast, including the seashore and inland streams and lakes. However, river otters were scarce or absent in areas of

747: 1655: 1326:

Amphibians, where regionally accessible, have been found in the North American river otter's diet during the spring and summer months, as indicated in many of the food habit studies. The most common amphibians and reptiles recognized were

1254:(Esocidae), are not a significant component of their diets. They are less likely to be prey for the North American river otters since they are fast-swimming and can find good escape cover. However, river otters will prey on trout, pike, 1097:) is a predator adapted to hunting in water, feeding on aquatic and semi-aquatic animals. The vulnerability and seasonal availability of prey animals primarily determines the food habits and prey preference of the river otter.” 787:

American river otter has identified varying fish species as being the primary component of its diet. For instance, an Alberta, Canada study involved the collection and analysis of 1,191 samples of North American river otter

1142:) is a preferred fish species for the North American river otter in other regions of Colorado. Fish species frequently found in the diets of the North American river otters include: Catostomidae, which consists of suckers ( 1523:

Mammals are rarely consumed by North American river otters, and are not a major dietary component. Mammals preyed upon by North American river otters are characteristically small or are a type species found in

1515:). Invertebrates discovered within scats or digestive tracts could most likely be a secondary food item, first being consumed by the fish that are subsequently preyed upon by the North American river otters. 351:

and its inland waterways. An adult North American river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14 kg (11.0 and 30.9 lb). The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water-repellent coat of fur.

3112: 2412: 1608:

interior regions where fewer aquatic habitats supported fewer otter populations. Although the distribution became reduced in some regions of southern Canada, the only province-wide extinction occurred on

799:), where regionally available, are the second-most important prey for otters. Crustaceans may even be consumed more than fish. For example, a study conducted in a central California marshland indicated 791:(feces) collected during each season. Fish remnants were found in 91.9% of the samples. Moreover, a western Oregon study revealed fish remains were present in 80% of the 103 digestive tracts examined. 1414:

Amphibians and reptiles are more obtainable by the North American river otter during the spring and summer as a result of breeding activity, appropriate temperatures, and water supply for the prey.

1310:

more than fish where they are locally and seasonally plentiful. In Georgia, crayfish accounted for two-thirds of the prey in the summer diet, and their remnants were present in 98% of the summer

844:(dead animals). North American river otters do not generally handle prey of a large size relative to themselves but there are occasions where they have been observed ambushing and killing adult 9595: 646:

tapered tail. Tail lengths range from 30 to 50 centimetres (12 to 20 in). Large male North American river otters can exceed a weight of 15 kilograms (33 lb). It differs from the

1859:

They may look playful, but don't be fooled – otters can be aggressive. As we previously reported, a St. Petersburg couple's dog died last weekend after an otter attack behind their home.

438:, which is a likely factor in the continued decline of their numbers. A number of reintroduction projects have been initiated to help halt the reduction in the overall population. 856:

do not show them to be regular predators of beavers (despite the claims of fur-trappers that otters frequently hunt beavers) and perhaps only young beaver kits may be attacked.

3478:

Lemelin, R. H.; Dowsley, M.; Walmark, B.; Siebel, F.; Bird, L.; Hunter, G.; Myles, T.; Mack, M.; Gull, M.; Kakekaspan, M. (2010). "Wabusk of the Omushkegouk: Cree-Polar Bear (

9560: 3560: 2953:

Brooks, Ronald J.; Brown, Gregory P.; Galbraith, David A. (1991). "Effects of a sudden increase in natural mortality of adults on a population of the common snapping turtle (

1900: 1643: 9575: 1318:

concentrated and susceptible to predation. Therefore, fish are more vulnerable to being preyed upon by otters because the crayfish have become more difficult to obtain.

1230:

spp.). Bottom-dwelling species, which have the tendency to remain immobile until a predator is very close, are susceptible to North American river otters. These include

9336: 1626:

and other diminution of aquatic and wetland habitats may limit distribution and pose long-term threats if the enforcement of water quality standards is not upheld.

2420: 982:, the first river otter sighting in that city since the 1950s. North American river otters occupy all Canadian provinces and territories, except, until recently, 3120: 9570: 9414: 3464: 9565: 9520: 3229:"Final report of the North American river otter research project on the Upper Colorado River Basin in and adjacent to Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado" 2317: 419:. Occasional reports also show the river otter eating other small animals, such as mice, squirrels, birds, and even dogs that they've attacked and drowned. 1068: 1044: 1647:

Improvements in water quality and reintroduction projects have been particularly valuable in restoring otter populations in many areas of North America

1134:). For instance, Catostomidae are the primary dietary component of North American river otters in Colorado's Upper Colorado River Basin. Likewise, the 1208:

spp.). Other fish an integral part of the North American river otters' diets are those that are often plentiful and found in large schools: sunfish (

848:

while the large turtles (which are roughly equal in average body weight to a North American river otter) are hibernating. Remains of the much larger

9310: 9349: 3140: 1995: 2028:

Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Kerry Deere; Graham Slater; Colleen Begg; Keith Begg; Lon Grassman; Mauro Lucherini; Geraldine Veron; Robert Wayne (2008).

2442: 1830:

A Victoria veterinarian issued a warning to dog owners after her golden retriever was said to have been pulled under water and bitten by otters.

922:

give birth to several kits. Litter size can reach five, but usually ranges from one to three. Each otter pup weighs approximately five ounces.

537:, which existed off and on between 1.8 million and 10,000 years ago. The otters migrated to North America and southwards again across the 525:) have been found in the US Midwest; however, fossils of the modern river otter did not appear in North America until about 1.9 Mya. The 9555: 9545: 9530: 9440: 3534: 2264: 427: 454: 223: 3333:

Tumlison, R.; M. Karnes (1987). "Seasonal changes in food habits of North American river otters in southwestern Arkansas beaver swamps".

852:

have been found in North American river otter scat in some regions, although most otter dietary studies in areas where otters and beaver

3700: 2634:(M. Novak, J.A. Baker, M.E. Obbard, and B. Malloch ed.). Toronto, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. pp. 626–641. 9580: 1843: 1012: 9535: 5070: 3633: 3060: 1979: 1760: 877: 3571: 2030:"Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation" 1904: 2079:

Koepfli, K.P.; R.K. Wayne (1998). "Phylogenetic relationships of otters (Carnivora: Mustelidae) based on mitochondrial cytochrome

9492: 9375: 2345: 5414: 2830: 2111: 1872: 1814: 947: 942:

The North American river otter is found throughout North America, inhabiting inland waterways and coastal areas in Canada, the

9393: 2639: 2256: 9354: 3098: 680: 3038: 7632: 3153: 2984:

Reid, D. G.; Code, T. E.; Reid, A. C. H.; Herrero, S. M. (1994). "Food habits of the river otter in a boreal ecosystem".

2391: 521:), which is "much earlier" than indicated in the fossil record. Fossils of a giant otter dating back 3.5 Mya (during the 9585: 3178: 3165: 2288: 1020: 9388: 9248: 4826: 3595: 2197: 1388: 688:

North American river otters characteristically approach within a few feet of a boat or a person on shore due to their

7623: 3389:"Observations on the occurrence of otter in the Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba, in relation to beaver life" 2250: 9550: 9540: 9088: 7110: 3456: 430:. In some regions, though, their population is controlled to allow the trapping and harvesting of otters for their 9419: 2321: 754:

North American river otters only settle in areas that consist of vegetation, rock piles, and sufficient coverage.

5949: 2802:

Reid, D.G.; T.E. Code; A.C.H. Reid; S.M. Herrero (1994). "Food habits of the river otter in a boreal ecosystem".

9007: 8902: 7641: 5931: 5626: 4675: 971: 111: 5659: 5602: 5423: 8669: 7650: 7381: 7074: 7009: 6391: 5967: 5440: 4962: 3693: 2130: 1380: 451: 435: 9188: 8893: 8645: 8458: 8334: 7946: 7928: 7756: 7450: 7441: 7083: 5821: 4613: 2936: 845: 9226: 3670: 1888:

She was actually drug under the water and there were like three-four and they were swarming all over her.

9466: 9253: 9070: 8325: 8307: 8298: 8289: 7774: 7765: 7137: 5907: 5889: 5838: 5776: 5758: 5749: 5686: 5635: 5464: 3901: 3526: 3522: 3180:

Reports on the geology, botany, and zoology of northern California and Oregon made to the war Department

3113:"Art Lander's Outdoors: Once endangered river otters now likely to be found in Kentucky for generations" 1023:

regions in New Mexico, Texas, Nevada, and Colorado. In Mexico, North American river otters lived in the

849: 206: 7092: 6988: 5898: 5473: 2007: 1575: 1528:. The few occurrences of mammals found in the North American river otter's diet include remains of the 864:

When left unchecked, though, otters can be significant predators under certain circumstances (e.g. in

9497: 9302: 9274: 9235: 8911: 8812: 8771: 8485: 7996: 7724: 7050: 6115: 5865: 5856: 5812: 5767: 5390: 4896: 4631: 4457: 3656: 3077: 2901: 2563: 1609: 1028: 983: 882: 697: 1727: 9151: 9097: 8869: 8316: 8202: 8184: 8029: 7878: 7783: 7033: 6979: 6728: 6470: 6461: 5725: 4998: 4980: 4835: 4684: 4187: 1008: 774: 447: 423: 59: 9406: 8530: 6221: 2518: 9590: 8966: 8601: 8193: 7715: 7405: 7128: 7101: 6364: 6106: 5958: 5061: 4853: 4793: 4178: 4114: 3791: 3686: 3598:. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Archived from 3570:. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Archived from 3499: 3350: 3285: 3277: 2765: 2677: 2579: 2500: 2454: 2222: 2134: 1545: 1396: 1340: 534: 371:

North American river otters, like most predators, prey upon the most readily accessible species.

289: 106: 4953: 3014: 2718:(J.A. Chapman and G.A. Feldhamer ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1750: 918:

Delayed implantation distinguishes the species from the Eurasian otter, which does not do this.

9471: 9341: 9453: 9261: 8845: 8762: 8542: 8038: 8005: 6929: 6436: 6158: 5940: 5794: 5668: 5552: 4905: 4735: 4693: 4640: 4420: 4402: 4160: 3629: 3540: 3530: 3201:

Hansen, Heidi (2003). ""Food habits of the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis)."".

3056: 2635: 2270: 2260: 2061: 1975: 1756: 1441: 1364: 1231: 1049: 943: 894: 654: 650:

by its longer neck, narrower visage, the smaller space between the ears and its shorter tail.

633: 538: 518: 396: 50: 881:

North American river otters swimming in San Francisco Bay stop to sun themselves on rocks at

9458: 9124: 8957: 8235: 7665: 6955: 6737: 6487: 5677: 5576: 5360: 5351: 4935: 4726: 4717: 4511: 4502: 4060: 3491: 3437: 3400: 3342: 3269: 2993: 2966: 2811: 2757: 2669: 2571: 2212: 2126: 2092: 2051: 2041: 1722: 1449: 1197: 959: 898: 693: 689: 476: 9367: 889: 9525: 9427: 9240: 9142: 9133: 9061: 9016: 8678: 8628: 8619: 8494: 8440: 8384: 8253: 8226: 8119: 7937: 7896: 7861: 7606: 6669: 6349: 6340: 5847: 5585: 5034: 4484: 4411: 4105: 3910: 3844: 3821: 2349: 1930: 1776: 1623: 1504: 1499: 1433: 1271: 660:

North American river otters can live 21–25 years in captivity, or 8–13 years in the wild.

502: 388: 17: 6382: 4369: 2567: 2491:

Melquist, W.E.; M.G. Hornocker (1983). "Ecology of river otters in west central Idaho".

1789: 934: 637:

The North American river otter's streamlined shape allows it to glide through the water.

41: 9115: 9034: 8836: 8583: 8476: 8449: 7502: 7119: 6719: 6583: 6266: 5803: 5785: 5716: 5327: 5318: 4920: 4881: 3835: 3747: 2096: 2056: 2029: 1525: 1372: 951: 647: 340: 2660:

Larsen, D.N. (1984). "Feeding habits of river otters in coastal southeastern Alaska".

1704: 625: 9514: 9362: 9079: 8975: 8948: 8574: 8272: 8217: 7739: 7683: 7424: 7065: 6520: 6082: 5247: 5214: 5016: 5007: 4944: 4844: 4802: 4654: 4247: 3503: 2879: 2605: 2342: 2246: 2138: 1713: 1666: 1662: 1627: 1553: 1481: 1348: 1215: 1188: 1182: 1123: 1016: 979: 955: 865: 809: 712: 563: 360: 348: 79: 74: 3354: 3307:) in Clarke County (Georgia, USA): survey, food habits, and environmental factors". 3289: 2841: 1084: 9266: 9106: 9052: 8753: 8521: 8467: 8244: 8143: 7698: 7674: 7493: 7484: 7304: 7271: 7194: 7155: 6565: 6547: 6409: 6281: 5740: 5141: 5104: 4989: 4971: 4384: 4330: 4256: 3934: 1584: 1491:

Although they consume birds, North American river otters do not feed on bird eggs.

1404: 1302: 1111: 1073: 963: 704: 412: 281: 2158: 828:

which render the birds flightless and thus makes them easier to capture), aquatic

1969: 986:. Otters have recently began re-establishing themselves on Prince Edward Island. 9484: 9401: 9380: 9323: 9220: 8720: 7911: 7828: 7801: 7550: 7464: 7396: 7322: 7313: 7280: 7238: 7203: 6920: 6813: 6645: 6185: 6097: 5650: 5223: 5043: 4708: 4622: 4605: 4582: 4545: 4429: 4393: 4238: 4027: 3882: 3273: 3228: 2608:(Report). Omaha, Nebraska: US Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 1604: 1537: 1251: 1193: 1170: 1135: 1119: 999: 991: 975: 750:

Sliding across ice is an efficient means of travel. Note the long, tapered tail.

711:

that inflict lethal bites to prey. Also, North American river otters have large

668: 603: 506: 329: 3665: 3640:

Recent monograph on otters in general, with many references to the river otter.

3346: 2606:

Distribution and abundance of river otter in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota

1656:

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

958:

in North America. The species is also present throughout Alaska, including the

8929: 8175: 8106: 8093: 8060: 7846: 7584: 7344: 6892: 6869: 6755: 6746: 6695: 6660: 6636: 6400: 6299: 6248: 6194: 6176: 6149: 6056: 6006: 5405: 5378: 5306: 5289: 5052: 5025: 4871: 4775: 4759: 4595: 4475: 4315: 4151: 4018: 3810: 3778: 3762: 3544: 3495: 2748:

Toweill, D.E. (1974). "Winter food habits of river otters in western Oregon".

1631: 1622:

present a localized threat to otter populations, especially in coastal areas.

1592: 1473: 1465: 1287: 1144: 1106:

easier to catch. As a result, slow-swimming fish are consumed more often than

1024: 792: 708: 585: 422:

The range of the North American river otter has been significantly reduced by

380: 363:(Mustelidae), is equally versatile in the water and on land. It establishes a 173: 9211: 703:

Most mustelids, including otters, have 36 specialized teeth, including sharp

9287: 8860: 8795: 8408: 8348: 8134: 7955: 7570: 7562: 7511: 7361: 7247: 7229: 6943: 6777: 6610: 6452: 6418: 6230: 5922: 5196: 4666: 4142: 3710: 3463:(Report). Ottawa: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2274: 1619: 1422: 1356: 1161: 1107: 995: 853: 817: 724: 530: 526: 496: 376: 163: 123: 3678: 3599: 2065: 2046: 746: 3651: 3256:

Feltrop, Preston D.; Nielsen, Clayton K.; Schauber, Eric M. (2016-10-01).

1968:

Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce Carlyle; Chapman, Joseph A. (2003).

733: 730: 9432: 9205: 8557: 8020: 7837: 7813: 7174: 7024: 6970: 6906: 6901: 6854: 6786: 6704: 6574: 6323: 6314: 6212: 6167: 6047: 5880: 5704: 5617: 5526: 5516: 5495: 5455: 5342: 5274: 5182: 5173: 4493: 4289: 4042: 3925: 3892: 3741: 3729: 1818: 1579:

North American river otters are hunted and trapped for their valuable fur

1508: 1430: 1426: 1296: 1291: 1176: 1149: 1131: 1003: 800: 796: 720: 673: 642: 522: 513:) of South America diverged. These analyses suggest they diverged in the 404: 356: 336: 143: 3281: 3257: 696:. North American river otters have a transparent inner eyelid (called a 9315: 8939: 8786: 8660: 8375: 7887: 7217: 6683: 6239: 6203: 6070: 6038: 6022: 5535: 5238: 4817: 4298: 4205: 4123: 4051: 3993: 3970: 3863: 2769: 2681: 2583: 2504: 2226: 1876: 1847: 1529: 1512: 1457: 1311: 1255: 1239: 1210: 1201: 1115: 841: 840:. North American river otters are not scavengers; they avoid consuming 837: 813: 716: 584:(J. A. Allen, 1898) – (Alaska, Canada, northern U.S., south to central 514: 416: 1563:

Records of North American otters preying upon North American beavers (

1110:

when both are equally available. Slow-moving species include suckers (

9328: 9043: 8990: 8735: 8423: 8157: 6877: 6538: 6373: 6130: 5567: 4339: 4265: 4214: 4196: 4169: 4090: 3952: 3735: 3723: 3405: 3388: 1263: 833: 829: 613: 589: 491: 434:. North American river otters are very susceptible to the effects of 400: 392: 364: 344: 332: 183: 153: 133: 9182: 3441: 2997: 2970: 2880:"Feeding relationships of river otters in northeastern Pennsylvania" 2831:"Food habits of the river otter in Suisun Marsh, Central California" 2815: 2761: 2673: 2575: 2217: 1971:

Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation

9292: 9479: 9025: 8884: 8827: 8700: 8503: 8360: 7987: 7969: 7592: 7262: 6511: 6496: 5157: 4448: 3943: 1642: 1574: 1307: 1247: 1223: 1083: 1067: 1043: 933: 888: 805: 788: 773: 745: 679: 667: 632: 624: 467: 463: 458: 408: 375:

is a favored food among the otters, but they also consume various

96: 90: 9279: 2252:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

9445: 8399: 7295: 6620: 6556: 4229: 3961: 3238:. National Park Service: Rocky Mountain National Park, West Unit 3166:

How river otters are making a comeback on P.E.I. after 100 years

1328: 1127: 825: 821: 593: 384: 372: 9186: 8091: 7548: 6852: 6004: 5139: 4580: 3760: 3682: 6529: 6138: 4466: 3420:

Gilbert, F.F.; E.G. Nancekivell (1982). "Food habits of mink (

1844:"Expert says otter attacks are rare after St. Pete dog killed" 1599:) have also been reportedly witnessed near the Arctic region. 431: 2884:

Transactions of the Northeast Section of the Wildlife Society

1339:). Specific species of reptiles and amphibians prey include: 2710:

Toweill, D.E.; J.E. Tabor (1982). "The Northern River Otter

1448:). Other species of birds found within their diets include: 2632:

Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America

2289:"North American River Otter – National Wildlife Federation" 1815:"'Angry' otters attempted to drown B.C. dog, witness says" 1661:

The North American river otter is considered a species of

355:

The North American river otter, a member of the subfamily

1274:. Otters have been found to consume invasive Asian carp. 505:

have been used to determine when the river otter and the

1088:

Raft of North American river otter surfacing to eat fish

3368:

Field, R.J. (1970). "Winter habits of the river otter (

3099:"DNR hopes West Virginia public can help locate otters" 2131:

10.1644/1545-1410(2002)712<0001:LM>2.0.CO;2

556:(Schreber, 1777) – (eastern Canada, U.S., Newfoundland) 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 1583:

Cases where otters have been ambushed and consumed by

1080:) at the Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge (Wyoming) 970:

recent years, in West Virginia, and especially in the

715:

used for crushing hard objects, such as the shells of

3053:

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

2630:

Melquist, W.E.; A.E. Dronkert (1987). "River otter".

2550:

Erlinge, Sam (1968). "Food studies on captive otters

938:

The species inhabits coastal areas, such as marshland

3258:"Asian Carp in the Diet of River Otters in Illinois" 1974:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 348–733. 1873:"Dog attacked by otters in Lakewood, homeowners say" 9195: 8988: 8937: 8928: 8882: 8858: 8825: 8784: 8733: 8699: 8658: 8617: 8600: 8555: 8529: 8520: 8421: 8397: 8373: 8347: 8270: 8215: 8173: 8156: 8132: 8104: 8059: 8018: 7985: 7968: 7909: 7859: 7826: 7800: 7737: 7696: 7663: 7604: 7583: 7561: 7463: 7422: 7394: 7360: 7343: 7293: 7260: 7216: 7173: 7154: 7063: 7022: 6968: 6942: 6918: 6890: 6868: 6812: 6785: 6776: 6717: 6682: 6658: 6634: 6619: 6608: 6509: 6450: 6435: 6362: 6312: 6280: 6265: 6128: 6095: 6069: 6036: 6020: 5920: 5878: 5738: 5703: 5648: 5615: 5565: 5524: 5515: 5494: 5453: 5403: 5377: 5340: 5305: 5288: 5272: 5236: 5195: 5171: 5156: 5103: 4918: 4879: 4870: 4815: 4774: 4756: 4706: 4653: 4604: 4593: 4544: 4446: 4382: 4356: 4328: 4287: 4278: 4227: 4140: 4103: 4077: 4040: 4016: 4007: 3991: 3923: 3890: 3881: 3861: 3819: 3808: 3776: 3009: 3007: 457:in 1777. The mammal was identified as a species of 9596:Taxa named by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber 1286:North American river otters may prefer to feed on 475:was the early European name (from Latin), and the 3457:Assessment and status report on the Grizzly Bear 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 1963: 1961: 1959: 893:A pair of captive North American river otters at 641:The North American river otter has long and thin 462:American river otter was first classified in the 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2352:. Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management 1901:"7 Surprising Facts About the Giant River Otter" 954:. They also inhabit the forested regions of the 2937:Food habits of the North American river otter ( 2878:Serfass, T.L.; L.M. Rymon; R.P. Brooks (1990). 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2519:"Basic Facts About North American River Otters" 1728:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12302A164577078.en 990:aquatic habitats, such as coastal marshes, the 485:In a new classification, the species is called 3041:. Conservenature.org. Retrieved on 2013-01-09. 2655: 2653: 2651: 1752:The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 533:river otters following a migration across the 3694: 3141:Colorado Otters May No Longer Need Protection 2895: 2893: 2840:. California State University. Archived from 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2320:. National Geographic Society. Archived from 655:different non-sexual physical characteristics 8: 3519:A Field Guide to the Carnivores of the World 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 2915:. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2006:. University of Guelph. 2002. Archived from 1755:. the Smithsonian Institution. p. 179. 578:(Goldman, 1935) – (Alaska, British Columbia) 517:epoch 23.03 to 5.33 million years ago ( 3626:Otters: ecology, behaviour and conservation 672:The North American river otter's sensitive 9561:Fauna of the Sierra Nevada (United States) 9183: 8934: 8713: 8614: 8535: 8526: 8353: 8170: 8112: 8101: 8088: 7982: 7806: 7601: 7558: 7545: 7477: 7374: 7357: 7222: 7187: 7170: 6948: 6915: 6865: 6849: 6782: 6688: 6631: 6616: 6447: 6292: 6277: 6075: 6033: 6017: 6001: 5709: 5521: 5512: 5383: 5311: 5302: 5285: 5207: 5168: 5153: 5149: 5136: 5100: 4876: 4786: 4771: 4753: 4659: 4601: 4590: 4577: 4362: 4284: 4083: 4013: 4004: 3887: 3878: 3874: 3858: 3816: 3805: 3784: 3773: 3757: 3701: 3687: 3679: 3568:Management Authority of the United Kingdom 684:North American river otter have small ears 280: 68: 40: 31: 3404: 2931: 2929: 2216: 2196:Larivière, Serge; Lyle R. Walton (1998). 2055: 2045: 1726: 446:The North American river otter was first 9576:Least concern biota of the United States 3303:Noordhuis, R. (2002). "The river otter ( 876: 700:) to protect their eyes while swimming. 2906:): a technical conservation assessment" 1678: 3154:S.F.'s only river otter at Sutro Baths 1925: 1923: 1921: 692:, a consequence of vision adapted for 676:allow it to detect prey in murky water 3482:) interactions in Northern Ontario". 1019:seasonal waterway regions, or in the 657:, with males typically being larger. 629:Skull of a North American river otter 428:European colonization of the Americas 7: 9571:Least concern biota of North America 3309:IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 2604:Route, W.T.; Peterson, R.O. (1988). 2451:Fur Hunting and Trapping in Illinois 1156:spp.); Cyprinidae, made up of carp ( 1072:North American river otter eating a 455:Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber 407:. The most common fish consumed are 9566:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area 9521:IUCN Red List least concern species 5071:South African small-spotted genet ( 3628:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2161:. National Park Service. 2006-07-26 1714:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 653:Males and female river otters show 2097:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00172.x 1943:National Museum of Natural History 1779:". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 1270:spp.), and other game fish during 860:Ecological impacts on prey species 25: 5415:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 2829:Grenfell, William E. Jr. (1974). 2453:. dnr.state.il.us. Archived from 529:river otters originated from the 3664: 3650: 3517:Hunter, L.; Barrett, P. (2018). 3467:from the original on 2016-12-20. 3183:. Harvard University. p. 43 1654:is listed in Appendix II of the 1048:A North American river otter in 110: 3559:Duplaix, Nicole; Joseph Davis. 3262:The American Midland Naturalist 2443:"River Otter – Scientific name 2390:Dewey, Tanya; E. Ellis (2003). 503:Molecular biological techniques 2750:Journal of Wildlife Management 2662:Journal of Wildlife Management 2257:Johns Hopkins University Press 2249:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). 27:Species of semi-aquatic mammal 1: 4827:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 3143:. CBS4denver.com (2010-07-17) 3080:. Chattooga River Conservancy 2902:"North American River Otter ( 2716:Wild mammals of North America 2417:Mammals of Wisconsin Database 2361:Godman, John Davidson (1836) 2004:Canada's Aquatic Environments 1749:Wilson, D.; Ruff, S. (1999). 962:, and the north slope of the 368:litters of one to six young. 343:continent throughout most of 9556:Fauna of the Rocky Mountains 9546:Mammals of the United States 9531:Carnivorans of North America 9089:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 8745:North American river otter ( 7633:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 4687:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 3428:) in northeastern Alberta". 3152:Fimrite, Peter (2013-01-04) 3078:"North American River Otter" 3015:"North American river otter" 2318:"North American River Otter" 1903:. 2016-10-25. Archived from 5950:Somalian slender mongoose ( 3430:Canadian Journal of Zoology 3274:10.1674/0003-0031-176.2.298 2986:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2959:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2804:Canadian Journal of Zoology 1790:"What Do River Otters Eat?" 1389:California giant salamander 1013:chaparral and oak woodlands 914:Reproduction and life cycle 541:, which formed 3 Mya. 35:North American river otter 9612: 8903:Asian small-clawed otter ( 7642:American hog-nosed skunk ( 7624:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 5932:Angolan slender mongoose ( 5627:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 4676:Small-toothed palm civet ( 3347:10.1515/mamm.1987.51.2.225 3177:Newberry, John S. (1857). 3039:north american river otter 3019:Smithsonian's National Zoo 2419:. uwsp.edu. Archived from 1246:spp.). Game fish, such as 824:(most especially moulting 347:, along the coasts of the 312:North American river otter 18:North American River Otter 9581:Mammals described in 1777 8808: 8716: 8670:Saharan striped polecat ( 8641: 8538: 8356: 8115: 8100: 8087: 7809: 7651:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 7557: 7544: 7480: 7382:Mediterranean monk seal ( 7377: 7225: 7190: 7111:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7075:South American fur seal ( 7046: 7010:South American sea lion ( 7005: 6951: 6864: 6848: 6691: 6483: 6392:South American gray fox ( 6336: 6295: 6078: 6016: 6000: 5968:Common slender mongoose ( 5834: 5712: 5598: 5548: 5441:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 5436: 5386: 5314: 5210: 5152: 5148: 5135: 5099: 4963:Crested servaline genet ( 4789: 4752: 4662: 4589: 4576: 4365: 4311: 4086: 3877: 3857: 3804: 3787: 3772: 3756: 3718: 3496:10.1007/s10745-010-9355-x 3393:Canadian Field-Naturalist 2110:Larivière, Serge (2002). 1945:. Smithsonian Institution 1931:"North American Mammals: 295: 288: 279: 236: 231: 212: 205: 107:Scientific classification 105: 88: 66: 57: 48: 39: 34: 9536:Mammals of North America 9026:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 8894:African clawless otter ( 8646:African striped weasel ( 8459:Yellow-throated marten ( 8335:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8039:Western mountain coati ( 8030:Eastern mountain coati ( 7947:Western lowland olingo ( 7929:Eastern lowland olingo ( 7757:Southern spotted skunk ( 7451:Southern elephant seal ( 7442:Northern elephant seal ( 7232:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6009:("dog-like" carnivorans) 5822:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 5443:Mungotictis decemlineata 4318:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 3765:("cat-like" carnivorans) 3051:Ware, George W. (2001). 2943:. University of Wyoming. 2363:American Natural History 1381:northwestern salamanders 1186:spp.), and squawfishes ( 972:Midwestern United States 612:(Rhoads, 1898) – (U.S., 9071:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8326:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8308:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8299:Bornean ferret badger ( 8290:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 7775:Eastern spotted skunk ( 7766:Western spotted skunk ( 7496:Leptonychotes weddellii 7138:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7084:Australasian fur seal ( 5908:Black-footed mongoose ( 5890:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 5839:White-tailed mongoose ( 5777:Indian brown mongoose ( 5759:Short-tailed mongoose ( 5750:Small Indian mongoose ( 5687:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 5660:Alexander's kusimanse ( 5636:Common dwarf mongoose ( 5603:Pousargues's mongoose ( 5465:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 5424:Grandidier's mongoose ( 4678:Arctogalidia trivirgata 3902:Sunda clouded leopard ( 2365:, Hogan & Thompson. 1813:Lagerquist, J. (2018). 1589:Ursus arctos horribilis 1542:Microtus pennsylvanicus 1322:Reptiles and amphibians 846:common snapping turtles 604:Queen Charlotte Islands 572:(Cuvier, 1823) – (U.S.) 549:Listed alphabetically: 436:environmental pollution 8912:Congo clawless otter ( 8815:Hydrictis maculicollis 8813:Spotted-necked otter ( 8772:Southern river otter ( 8723:Pteronura brasiliensis 8486:European pine marten ( 7997:South American coati ( 7725:Palawan stink badger ( 7051:New Zealand sea lion ( 6116:Japanese raccoon dog ( 5813:Crab-eating mongoose ( 5768:Indian grey mongoose ( 5391:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5202:(bone-crushing hyenas) 4897:Central African oyan ( 4458:Chinese mountain cat ( 3596:"The CITES Appendices" 3203:River Otter Journal 12 2394:. Animal Diversity Web 2047:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10 1721:: e.T12302A164577078. 1648: 1580: 1260:Sander vitreus vitreus 1089: 1081: 1078:Catostomus commersonii 1052: 939: 902: 886: 779: 751: 685: 677: 638: 630: 539:Panamanian Land Bridge 511:Pteronura brasiliensis 442:Taxonomy and evolution 9467:Paleobiology Database 9152:Back-striped weasel ( 9098:Black-footed ferret ( 8870:Smooth-coated otter ( 8648:Poecilogale albinucha 8317:Javan ferret-badger ( 8203:Sumatran hog badger ( 8185:Northern hog badger ( 7879:Crab-eating raccoon ( 7784:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 7505:Lobodon carcinophagus 7241:Histriophoca fasciata 7034:Australian sea lion ( 6980:California sea lion ( 6729:American black bear ( 6471:Black-backed jackal ( 6462:Side-striped jackal ( 6302:Chrysocyon brachyurus 5726:Long-nosed mongoose ( 4999:Rusty-spotted genet ( 4836:Large-spotted civet ( 4685:Sulawesi palm civet ( 4614:Owston's palm civet ( 4188:Andean mountain cat ( 3527:Bloomsbury Publishing 3523:Princeton, New Jersey 3227:Berg, Judith (1999). 2523:Defenders of Wildlife 1646: 1578: 1550:Sylvilagus floridanus 1500:Aquatic invertebrates 1087: 1071: 1047: 1029:Colorado River Deltas 937: 892: 880: 850:North American beaver 777: 749: 683: 671: 636: 628: 426:, beginning with the 320:), also known as the 8967:Long-tailed weasel ( 8545:Lyncodon patagonicus 8194:Greater hog badger ( 7716:Sunda stink badger ( 7406:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7129:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7102:Antarctic fur seal ( 7093:Galápagos fur seal ( 6989:Galápagos sea lion ( 6107:Common raccoon dog ( 5959:Cape gray mongoose ( 5899:Jackson's mongoose ( 5859:Paracynictis selousi 5850:Cynictis penicillata 5474:Durrell's vontsira ( 5062:Giant forest genet ( 4854:Large Indian civet ( 4794:Small Indian civet ( 4403:Sunda leopard cat ( 4179:Southern tiger cat ( 4115:African golden cat ( 3792:African palm civet ( 3661:at Wikimedia Commons 3387:Green, H.U. (1932). 3374:Michigan Academician 1842:Bernard, P. (2018). 1703:Serfass, T. (2021). 1610:Prince Edward Island 1196:, which consists of 984:Prince Edward Island 883:Richmond, California 854:live near each other 723:may be present. The 698:nictitating membrane 482:means "of Canada". 322:northern river otter 9586:Semiaquatic animals 9010:M. aistoodonnivalis 8846:Hairy-nosed otter ( 8763:Neotropical otter ( 8543:Patagonian weasel ( 8006:White-nosed coati ( 7206:Cystophora cristata 7197:Erignathus barbatus 6930:Northern fur seal ( 6707:Helarctos malayanus 6343:Atelocynus microtis 6050:U. cinereoargenteus 5941:Egyptian mongoose ( 5868:Rhynchogale melleri 5866:Meller's mongoose ( 5857:Selous's mongoose ( 5841:Ichneumia albicauda 5795:Collared mongoose ( 5669:Angolan kusimanse ( 5553:Liberian mongoose ( 4906:West African oyan ( 4805:Civettictis civetta 4736:Golden palm civet ( 4694:Masked palm civet ( 4669:Arctictis binturong 4643:Hemigalus derbyanus 4641:Banded palm civet ( 4632:Hose's palm civet ( 4421:Rusty-spotted cat ( 3521:(Second ed.). 2955:Chelydra serpentina 2935:Hansen, H. (2003). 2568:1968Oikos..19..259E 2493:Wildlife Monographs 2413:"Lontra canadensis" 2392:"Lontra canadensis" 1907:on October 24, 2013 1639:Conservation status 1511:), and Coleoptera ( 1393:Dicamptodon ensatus 1345:Pseudacris maculata 1341:boreal chorus frogs 1009:Southern California 606:, British Columbia) 592:, and northeastern 562:(Goldman, 1935) – ( 60:Conservation status 9125:European polecat ( 8958:Colombian weasel ( 8608:(African polecats) 8236:Caucasian badger ( 8164:(Eurasian badgers) 7614:(hog-nosed skunks) 7351:("southern seals") 7250:Halichoerus grypus 7181:("northern seals") 7053:Phocarctos hookeri 6958:Eumetopias jubatus 6956:Steller sea lion ( 6738:Asian black bear ( 6488:African wild dog ( 6442:(wolf-like canids) 5719:Atilax paludinosus 5678:Common kusimanse ( 5605:Dologale dybowskii 5577:Gambian mongoose ( 5361:Western falanouc ( 5352:Eastern falanouc ( 5321:Cryptoprocta ferox 5226:Parahyaena brunnea 4981:Johnston's genet ( 4936:Abyssinian genet ( 4888:(African linsangs) 4796:Viverricula indica 4727:Brown palm civet ( 4718:Asian palm civet ( 4625:Cynogale bennettii 4616:Chrotogale owstoni 4512:European wildcat ( 4503:Black-footed cat ( 4093:Leptailurus serval 4061:Asian golden cat ( 3827:(Asiatic linsangs) 3624:Kruuk, H. (2006). 3561:"Lutra canadensis" 3076:Orr, Eric (2007). 2900:Boyle, S. (2006). 2457:on 3 December 2013 2348:2015-12-24 at the 2114:Lutra maculicollis 2085:Journal of Zoology 1871:Munoz, R. (2017). 1649: 1581: 1546:eastern cottontail 1534:Ondatra zibethicus 1478:Oxyura jamaicensis 1470:Aythya valisineria 1462:Anas platyrhynchos 1397:rough-skinned newt 1365:American bullfrogs 1306:, and others) and 1232:Central mudminnows 1090: 1082: 1053: 940: 903: 887: 780: 778:Tracks in the snow 752: 686: 678: 639: 631: 602:(Elliot, 1905) – ( 600:L. c. periclyzomae 535:Bering Land Bridge 489:, where the genus 266:L. c. periclyzomae 198:L. canadensis 9551:Mammals of Mexico 9541:Mammals of Canada 9508: 9507: 9454:Open Tree of Life 9241:Lontra_canadensis 9227:Lontra canadensis 9197:Lontra canadensis 9189:Taxon identifiers 9180: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9164: 9163: 9143:Siberian weasel ( 9134:American ermine ( 9062:Japanese weasel ( 9017:Mountain weasel ( 9001: 8924: 8923: 8710: 8695: 8694: 8691: 8690: 8679:Striped polecat ( 8629:Marbled polecat ( 8611: 8596: 8595: 8568: 8516: 8515: 8495:Japanese marten ( 8441:American marten ( 8434: 8292:M. cucphuongensis 8283: 8266: 8265: 8254:European badger ( 8227:Japanese badger ( 8167: 8120:American badger ( 8083: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8055: 8054: 8051: 8050: 7979: 7938:Northern olingo ( 7922: 7897:Cozumel raccoon ( 7872: 7796: 7795: 7750: 7709: 7617: 7598: 7540: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7514:Ommatophoca rossi 7487:Hydrurga leptonyx 7474: 7471:(Antarctic seals) 7444:M. angustirostris 7435: 7418: 7417: 7384:Monachus monachus 7371: 7354: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7184: 7167: 7150: 7149: 7012:Otaria flavescens 7001: 7000: 6912: 6880:Odobenus rosmarus 6844: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6795: 6772: 6771: 6768: 6767: 6670:Spectacled bear ( 6628: 6604: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6444: 6431: 6430: 6350:Crab-eating fox ( 6341:Short-eared dog ( 6289: 6274: 6261: 6260: 6143: 6085:Otocyon megalotis 6029: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5848:Yellow mongoose ( 5699: 5698: 5586:Banded mongoose ( 5555:Liberiictus kuhni 5509: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5373: 5372: 5299: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5204: 5165: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5035:Servaline genet ( 4954:Bourlon's genet ( 4929: 4890: 4866: 4865: 4748: 4747: 4720:P. hermaphroditus 4572: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4485:African wildcat ( 4442: 4441: 4412:Flat-headed cat ( 4352: 4351: 4136: 4135: 4073: 4072: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3911:Clouded leopard ( 3870: 3845:Spotted linsang ( 3829: 3794:Nandinia binotata 3672:Lontra canadensis 3658:Lontra canadensis 3655:Media related to 3577:on March 26, 2009 3536:978-0-691-18295-7 3305:Lontra canadensis 2939:Lontra canadensis 2904:Lontra canadensis 2445:Lontra canadensis 2423:on 24 August 2012 2266:978-0-8018-8221-0 2209:Mammalian Species 2200:Lontra canadensis 2123:Mammalian Species 1933:Lontra canadensis 1707:Lontra canadensis 1665:according to the 1652:Lontra canadensis 1605:local extinctions 1565:Castor canadensis 1454:Anas carolinensis 1442:green-winged teal 1401:Taricha granulosa 1385:Ambystoma gracile 1250:(Salmonidae) and 1095:Lontra canadensis 1050:San Anselmo Creek 944:Pacific Northwest 895:Phillips Park Zoo 664:Form and function 560:L. c. kodiacensis 495:includes all the 487:Lontra canadensis 317:Lontra canadensis 308: 307: 246:L. c. kodiacensis 216:Lontra canadensis 100: 83: 51:San Francisco Zoo 16:(Redirected from 9603: 9501: 9500: 9488: 9487: 9475: 9474: 9462: 9461: 9449: 9448: 9436: 9435: 9423: 9422: 9410: 9409: 9397: 9396: 9384: 9383: 9371: 9370: 9358: 9357: 9345: 9344: 9332: 9331: 9319: 9318: 9306: 9305: 9296: 9295: 9283: 9282: 9270: 9269: 9257: 9256: 9244: 9243: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9184: 9116:Malayan weasel ( 9035:Steppe polecat ( 9008:Sichuan weasel ( 9000: 8999: 8995: 8935: 8872:L. perspicillata 8837:Eurasian otter ( 8714: 8709: 8708: 8704: 8615: 8610: 8609: 8605: 8584:Greater grison ( 8567: 8566: 8562: 8536: 8527: 8477:Nilgiri marten ( 8450:Pacific marten ( 8433: 8432: 8428: 8354: 8337:M. subaurantiaca 8282: 8281: 8280:(ferret-badgers) 8277: 8171: 8166: 8165: 8161: 8113: 8102: 8089: 7983: 7978: 7977: 7973: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7807: 7749: 7748: 7747:(spotted skunks) 7744: 7708: 7707: 7703: 7616: 7615: 7611: 7602: 7597: 7596: 7588: 7559: 7546: 7503:Crabeater seal ( 7478: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7434: 7433: 7432:(elephant seals) 7429: 7408:N. schauinslandi 7375: 7370: 7369: 7365: 7358: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7223: 7188: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7171: 7166: 7165: 7159: 7120:Brown fur seal ( 7095:A. galapagoensis 6982:Z. californianus 6949: 6916: 6911: 6910: 6896: 6866: 6858: 6850: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6698:Melursus ursinus 6689: 6632: 6627: 6624: 6617: 6584:Ethiopian wolf ( 6448: 6443: 6440: 6293: 6288: 6285: 6278: 6273: 6270: 6159:Blanford's fox ( 6142: 6135: 6076: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6018: 6010: 6002: 5804:Ruddy mongoose ( 5786:Javan mongoose ( 5717:Marsh mongoose ( 5710: 5689:C. platycephalus 5522: 5513: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5384: 5328:Malagasy civet ( 5312: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5286: 5281: 5208: 5203: 5200: 5169: 5164: 5161: 5154: 5150: 5137: 5101: 4928: 4925: 4889: 4886: 4877: 4787: 4783: 4772: 4767: 4754: 4660: 4602: 4591: 4578: 4372:Otocolobus manul 4363: 4285: 4161:Geoffroy's cat ( 4084: 4014: 4005: 4000: 3888: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3859: 3836:Banded linsang ( 3828: 3825: 3817: 3806: 3785: 3774: 3766: 3758: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3680: 3669:Data related to 3668: 3654: 3639: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3576: 3565: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3455:COSEWIC (2012). 3452: 3446: 3445: 3436:(6): 1282–1288. 3426:Lutra canadensis 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406:10.5962/p.339423 3384: 3378: 3377: 3372:) in Michigan". 3370:Lutra canadensis 3365: 3359: 3358: 3330: 3317: 3316: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3233: 3224: 3207: 3206: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3174: 3168: 3163: 3157: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3119:. Archived from 3109: 3103: 3102: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2950: 2944: 2933: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2910: 2897: 2888: 2887: 2875: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2846: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2810:(7): 1306–1313. 2799: 2774: 2773: 2745: 2720: 2719: 2712:Lutra canadensis 2707: 2686: 2685: 2668:(4): 1446–1452. 2657: 2646: 2645: 2627: 2610: 2609: 2601: 2588: 2587: 2547: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2488: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2387: 2366: 2359: 2353: 2341:Hill, Edward P. 2339: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2329: 2314: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2255:(3rd ed.). 2243: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2233: 2220: 2206: 2193: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2166: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2120: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2059: 2049: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2015: 1998:Lutra canadensis 1992: 1986: 1985: 1965: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1937:Lutra canadensis 1927: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1912: 1897: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1854: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1800: 1786: 1780: 1773: 1767: 1766: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1730: 1700: 1558:Lepus americanus 1505:dragonfly nymphs 1486:Fulica americana 1450:northern pintail 1438:Mareca americana 1369:Rana catesbeiana 1174:spp.), shiners ( 960:Aleutian Islands 930:Geographic range 899:Aurora, Illinois 737: 736: 735: 732: 694:underwater sight 690:near-sightedness 554:L. c. canadensis 477:specific epithet 389:freshwater clams 300:Lutra canadensis 284: 241:L. c. canadensis 218: 115: 114: 94: 77: 72: 71: 44: 32: 21: 9611: 9610: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9601: 9600: 9511: 9510: 9509: 9504: 9496: 9491: 9483: 9478: 9470: 9465: 9457: 9452: 9444: 9439: 9431: 9428:Observation.org 9426: 9418: 9413: 9405: 9400: 9392: 9387: 9379: 9374: 9366: 9361: 9353: 9348: 9340: 9335: 9327: 9322: 9314: 9309: 9301: 9299: 9291: 9286: 9278: 9273: 9265: 9260: 9252: 9247: 9239: 9234: 9225: 9224: 9219: 9210: 9209: 9204: 9191: 9181: 9160: 9136:M. richardsonii 9080:European mink ( 8997: 8996: 8994: 8984: 8976:American mink ( 8949:Amazon weasel ( 8920: 8878: 8854: 8821: 8804: 8780: 8729: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8687: 8654: 8637: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8592: 8575:Lesser grison ( 8564: 8563: 8561: 8551: 8512: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8417: 8393: 8369: 8343: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8262: 8211: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8152: 8128: 8109: 8096: 8075: 8047: 8014: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7964: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7905: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7855: 7822: 7792: 7759:S. angustifrons 7746: 7745: 7743: 7733: 7706:(stink badgers) 7705: 7704: 7702: 7692: 7684:Striped skunk ( 7659: 7653:C. semistriatus 7613: 7612: 7610: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7579: 7573:Ailurus fulgens 7553: 7520: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7459: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7414: 7390: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7331: 7289: 7256: 7212: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7163: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7146: 7059: 7042: 7018: 6997: 6964: 6938: 6905: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6886: 6860: 6856: 6828: 6808: 6791: 6790: 6764: 6713: 6678: 6654: 6625: 6623: 6613: 6592: 6521:Golden jackal ( 6505: 6479: 6441: 6439: 6427: 6358: 6352:Cerdocyon thous 6332: 6308: 6286: 6284: 6271: 6269: 6257: 6222:Rüppell's fox ( 6136: 6134: 6124: 6109:N. procyonoides 6091: 6083:Bat-eared fox ( 6065: 6030: 6026: 6012: 6008: 5976: 5961:H. pulverulenta 5916: 5874: 5830: 5797:U. semitorquata 5752:U. auropunctata 5734: 5695: 5644: 5611: 5594: 5561: 5544: 5506: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5482: 5449: 5432: 5399: 5393:Galidia elegans 5369: 5336: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5282: 5277: 5256: 5248:Spotted hyena ( 5232: 5215:Striped hyena ( 5201: 5199: 5191: 5162: 5160: 5144: 5119: 5079: 5017:Aquatic genet ( 5008:Pardine genet ( 4945:Angolan genet ( 4926: 4924: 4914: 4899:P. richardsonii 4887: 4885: 4862: 4845:Malayan civet ( 4811: 4803:African civet ( 4779: 4778: 4768: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4744: 4702: 4649: 4634:Diplogale hosei 4598: 4585: 4560: 4520: 4438: 4378: 4358: 4348: 4324: 4307: 4280: 4274: 4248:Eurasian lynx ( 4223: 4132: 4099: 4079: 4069: 4036: 4009: 4001: 3996: 3979: 3919: 3871: 3867: 3853: 3826: 3813: 3800: 3781: 3768: 3764: 3752: 3714: 3707: 3647: 3636: 3623: 3620: 3618:Further reading 3615: 3614: 3605: 3603: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3563: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3537: 3529:. p. 256. 3516: 3515: 3511: 3480:Ursus maritimus 3477: 3476: 3472: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3442:10.1139/z82-172 3419: 3418: 3414: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3332: 3331: 3320: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3241: 3239: 3231: 3226: 3225: 3210: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3186: 3184: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3160: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3126: 3124: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3101:. 12 July 2023. 3097: 3096: 3092: 3083: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3005: 2998:10.1139/z94-174 2983: 2982: 2978: 2971:10.1139/z91-185 2952: 2951: 2947: 2934: 2927: 2918: 2916: 2908: 2899: 2898: 2891: 2877: 2876: 2859: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2816:10.1139/z94-174 2801: 2800: 2777: 2762:10.2307/3800205 2747: 2746: 2723: 2709: 2708: 2689: 2674:10.2307/3801818 2659: 2658: 2649: 2642: 2629: 2628: 2613: 2603: 2602: 2591: 2576:10.2307/3565013 2549: 2548: 2537: 2528: 2526: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2490: 2489: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2397: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2369: 2360: 2356: 2350:Wayback Machine 2340: 2336: 2327: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2302: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2267: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2231: 2229: 2218:10.2307/3504417 2204: 2195: 2194: 2173: 2164: 2162: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2143: 2141: 2118: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2011: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1982: 1967: 1966: 1957: 1948: 1946: 1929: 1928: 1919: 1910: 1908: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1881: 1879: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1852: 1850: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1823: 1821: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1798: 1796: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1774: 1770: 1763: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1702: 1701: 1680: 1675: 1641: 1624:Water pollution 1597:Ursus maritimus 1573: 1521: 1509:stonefly nymphs 1507:), Plecoptera ( 1497: 1434:American wigeon 1420: 1353:Bufo hemiophrys 1324: 1284: 1140:Cyprinus carpio 1130:, and shiners ( 1103: 1066: 1042: 1037: 1021:xeric shrubland 1002:. In addition, 948:Atlantic states 932: 916: 875: 873:Social behavior 862: 772: 763: 757: 744: 729: 728: 666: 623: 547: 444: 304: 275: 227: 220: 214: 201: 109: 101: 84: 73: 69: 62: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9609: 9607: 9599: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9513: 9512: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9502: 9489: 9476: 9463: 9450: 9437: 9424: 9411: 9398: 9385: 9372: 9359: 9346: 9333: 9320: 9307: 9297: 9284: 9271: 9258: 9245: 9232: 9217: 9201: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9187: 9178: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9170: 9169: 9166: 9165: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9158: 9154:M. strigidorsa 9149: 9140: 9131: 9122: 9113: 9107:Least weasel ( 9104: 9095: 9086: 9077: 9068: 9059: 9053:Haida ermine ( 9050: 9041: 9037:M. eversmannii 9032: 9023: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8973: 8964: 8955: 8945: 8943: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8909: 8900: 8890: 8888: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8852: 8843: 8833: 8831: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8819: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8792: 8790: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8778: 8769: 8765:L. longicaudis 8760: 8754:Marine otter ( 8751: 8741: 8739: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8727: 8717: 8711: 8697: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8676: 8666: 8664: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8642: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8612: 8598: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8590: 8581: 8571: 8569: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8539: 8533: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8501: 8492: 8483: 8474: 8468:Beech marten ( 8465: 8456: 8447: 8437: 8435: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8415: 8405: 8403: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8332: 8323: 8314: 8305: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8268: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8261: 8260: 8251: 8245:Asian badger ( 8242: 8233: 8223: 8221: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8209: 8200: 8191: 8187:A. albogularis 8181: 8179: 8168: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8150: 8144:Honey badger ( 8140: 8138: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8126: 8116: 8110: 8105: 8098: 8097: 8092: 8085: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8065: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8036: 8026: 8024: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7980: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7962: 7953: 7944: 7935: 7925: 7923: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7894: 7885: 7881:P. cancrivorus 7875: 7873: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7849:B. sumichrasti 7844: 7834: 7832: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7781: 7772: 7763: 7753: 7751: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7731: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7681: 7675:Hooded skunk ( 7671: 7669: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7657: 7648: 7639: 7630: 7620: 7618: 7599: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7567: 7565: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7518: 7509: 7500: 7494:Weddell seal ( 7491: 7485:Leopard seal ( 7481: 7475: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7420: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7402: 7400: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7378: 7372: 7355: 7341: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7320: 7311: 7305:Caspian seal ( 7301: 7299: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7278: 7272:Spotted seal ( 7268: 7266: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7254: 7245: 7236: 7226: 7220: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7201: 7195:Bearded seal ( 7191: 7185: 7168: 7164:or true seals) 7162:(earless seals 7152: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7135: 7126: 7117: 7108: 7099: 7090: 7081: 7071: 7069: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7030: 7028: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7006: 7003: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6952: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6926: 6924: 6913: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6862: 6861: 6853: 6846: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6798: 6796: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6753: 6744: 6735: 6725: 6723: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6702: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6648:A. melanoleuca 6642: 6640: 6629: 6614: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6581: 6572: 6566:Eastern wolf ( 6563: 6554: 6548:African wolf ( 6545: 6536: 6530:Domestic dog ( 6527: 6517: 6515: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6503: 6494: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6445: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6416: 6410:Sechuran fox ( 6407: 6403:L. gymnocercus 6398: 6389: 6383:Darwin's fox ( 6380: 6370: 6368: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6347: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6318: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6296: 6290: 6275: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6246: 6237: 6228: 6219: 6210: 6201: 6192: 6183: 6174: 6165: 6156: 6152:V. bengalensis 6146: 6144: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6113: 6103: 6101: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6031: 6021: 6014: 6013: 6005: 5998: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5965: 5956: 5947: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5905: 5896: 5892:B. crassicauda 5886: 5884: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5863: 5854: 5845: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5819: 5810: 5801: 5792: 5783: 5774: 5765: 5756: 5746: 5744: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5732: 5723: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5684: 5675: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5633: 5623: 5621: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5583: 5573: 5571: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5519: 5510: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5426:G. grandidieri 5421: 5411: 5409: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5387: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5367: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5325: 5315: 5309: 5300: 5283: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5221: 5211: 5205: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5166: 5146: 5145: 5140: 5133: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5109: 5107: 5097: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5077: 5068: 5059: 5050: 5041: 5032: 5023: 5014: 5005: 4996: 4990:Letaba genet ( 4987: 4978: 4972:Common genet ( 4969: 4960: 4951: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4912: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4851: 4842: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4809: 4800: 4790: 4784: 4769: 4757: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4738:P. zeylonensis 4733: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4696:Paguma larvata 4691: 4682: 4673: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4638: 4629: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4599: 4594: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4574: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4550: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4482: 4473: 4467:Domestic cat ( 4464: 4454: 4452: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4427: 4423:P. rubiginosus 4418: 4409: 4400: 4396:P. bengalensis 4390: 4388: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4370:Pallas's cat ( 4366: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4263: 4257:Iberian lynx ( 4254: 4245: 4235: 4233: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4212: 4203: 4194: 4185: 4176: 4167: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4067: 4058: 4048: 4046: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4011: 4002: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3935:Snow leopard ( 3931: 3929: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3885: 3872: 3862: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3814: 3809: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3798: 3788: 3782: 3777: 3770: 3769: 3761: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3748:Laurasiatheria 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3708: 3706: 3705: 3698: 3691: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3675:at Wikispecies 3662: 3646: 3645:External links 3643: 3642: 3641: 3634: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3587: 3551: 3535: 3509: 3490:(6): 803–815. 3470: 3447: 3412: 3399:(9): 204–206. 3379: 3360: 3341:(2): 225–232. 3318: 3295: 3248: 3208: 3193: 3169: 3158: 3145: 3133: 3104: 3090: 3068: 3061: 3043: 3031: 3003: 2976: 2945: 2925: 2889: 2857: 2821: 2775: 2756:(1): 107–111. 2721: 2687: 2647: 2640: 2611: 2589: 2562:(2): 259–270. 2535: 2510: 2468: 2434: 2404: 2367: 2354: 2334: 2300: 2280: 2265: 2238: 2171: 2150: 2102: 2091:(4): 401–416. 2071: 2020: 1996:"River Otter, 1987: 1980: 1955: 1917: 1892: 1863: 1834: 1805: 1781: 1768: 1761: 1741: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1640: 1637: 1572: 1569: 1526:riparian zones 1520: 1517: 1496: 1493: 1419: 1416: 1377:Rana clamitans 1361:Rana sylvatica 1349:Canadian toads 1323: 1320: 1283: 1280: 1168:spp.), daces ( 1118:, sunfish and 1102: 1099: 1065: 1062: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 952:Gulf of Mexico 931: 928: 915: 912: 874: 871: 861: 858: 810:aquatic plants 771: 768: 762: 759: 743: 740: 725:dental formula 665: 662: 648:Eurasian otter 622: 619: 618: 617: 607: 597: 582:L. c. pacifica 579: 573: 570:L. c. lataxina 567: 557: 546: 543: 499:river otters. 443: 440: 341:North American 306: 305: 303: 302: 296: 293: 292: 286: 285: 277: 276: 274: 273: 268: 263: 261:L. c. pacifica 258: 253: 251:L. c. lataxina 248: 243: 237: 234: 233: 229: 228: 221: 210: 209: 203: 202: 195: 193: 189: 188: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 103: 102: 89: 86: 85: 67: 64: 63: 58: 55: 54: 49:A pair at the 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9608: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9499: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9403: 9399: 9395: 9390: 9386: 9382: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9325: 9321: 9317: 9312: 9308: 9304: 9298: 9294: 9289: 9285: 9281: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9237: 9233: 9228: 9222: 9218: 9213: 9207: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9185: 9157: 9155: 9150: 9148: 9146: 9141: 9139: 9137: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9091:M. lutreolina 9087: 9085: 9083: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9006: 9005: 9003: 8993: 8992: 8987: 8981: 8979: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8886: 8881: 8875: 8873: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8862: 8857: 8851: 8849: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8824: 8818: 8816: 8811: 8810: 8807: 8801: 8799: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8777: 8775: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8747:L. canadensis 8743: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8726: 8724: 8721:Giant otter ( 8719: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8702: 8698: 8684: 8682: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8657: 8651: 8649: 8644: 8643: 8640: 8634: 8632: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8616: 8613: 8603: 8599: 8589: 8587: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8548: 8546: 8541: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8519: 8509: 8507: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8479:M. gwatkinsii 8475: 8473: 8471: 8466: 8464: 8462: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8448: 8446: 8444: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8414: 8412: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8390: 8388: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8359: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8319:M. orientalis 8315: 8313: 8311: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8219: 8214: 8208: 8206: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8192: 8190: 8188: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8169: 8159: 8155: 8149: 8147: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8137: 8136: 8131: 8125: 8123: 8122:Taxidea taxus 8118: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8108: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8090: 8086: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8058: 8044: 8042: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8032:N. meridensis 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7981: 7971: 7967: 7961: 7959: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7902: 7900: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7864: 7863: 7858: 7852: 7850: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7819: 7817: 7812: 7811: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7789: 7787: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7742: 7741: 7736: 7730: 7728: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7718:M. javanensis 7714: 7713: 7711: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7689: 7687: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7656: 7654: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7644:C. leuconotus 7640: 7638: 7636: 7635:C. humboldtii 7631: 7629: 7627: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7600: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7576: 7574: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7547: 7543: 7517: 7515: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7483: 7482: 7479: 7476: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7454: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7427: 7426: 7421: 7411: 7409: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7363: 7359: 7356: 7346: 7342: 7328: 7326: 7323:Baikal seal ( 7321: 7319: 7317: 7314:Ringed seal ( 7312: 7310: 7308: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7286: 7284: 7281:Harbor seal ( 7279: 7277: 7275: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7264: 7259: 7253: 7251: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7239:Ribbon seal ( 7237: 7235: 7233: 7228: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7209: 7207: 7204:Hooded seal ( 7202: 7200: 7198: 7193: 7192: 7189: 7186: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7157: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7140:A. tropicalis 7136: 7134: 7132: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7066:Arctocephalus 7062: 7056: 7054: 7049: 7048: 7045: 7039: 7037: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7008: 7007: 7004: 6994: 6992: 6991:Z. wollebaeki 6987: 6985: 6983: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6961: 6959: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6933: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6917: 6914: 6908: 6903: 6899:(eared seals: 6894: 6889: 6883: 6881: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6851: 6847: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6761: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6740:U. thibetanus 6736: 6734: 6732: 6731:U. americanus 6727: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6710: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6693: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6673: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6651: 6649: 6646:Giant panda ( 6644: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6630: 6622: 6618: 6615: 6612: 6607: 6589: 6587: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6532:C. familiaris 6528: 6526: 6524: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6513: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6490:Lycaon pictus 6486: 6485: 6482: 6476: 6474: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6446: 6438: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6355: 6353: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6329: 6327: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6305: 6303: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6283: 6279: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6254: 6252: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6186:Tibetan fox ( 6184: 6182: 6180: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6140: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6121: 6119: 6118:N. viverrinus 6114: 6112: 6110: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6059:U. littoralis 6055: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6035: 6032: 6024: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5973: 5971: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5934:H. flavescens 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5871: 5869: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5837: 5836: 5833: 5827: 5825: 5824:U. vitticolla 5820: 5818: 5816: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5731: 5729: 5728:Xenogale naso 5724: 5722: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5692: 5690: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5641: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5606: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5591: 5589: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5558: 5556: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5541: 5539: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5502: 5501:sensu stricto 5497: 5493: 5479: 5477: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5429: 5427: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5366: 5364: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5333: 5331: 5330:Fossa fossana 5326: 5324: 5322: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5301: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5253: 5251: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5229: 5227: 5224:Brown hyena ( 5222: 5220: 5218: 5217:Hyaena hyaena 5213: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5198: 5194: 5188: 5186: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5076: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5044:Hausa genet ( 5042: 5040: 5038: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4947:G. angolensis 4943: 4941: 4939: 4938:G. abyssinica 4934: 4933: 4931: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4847:V. tangalunga 4843: 4841: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4806: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4781:sensu stricto 4777: 4773: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4655:Paradoxurinae 4652: 4646: 4644: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4623:Otter civet ( 4621: 4619: 4617: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4575: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4517: 4515: 4514:F. silvestris 4510: 4508: 4506: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4435: 4433: 4432:P. viverrinus 4430:Fishing cat ( 4428: 4426: 4424: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4405:P. javanensis 4401: 4399: 4397: 4394:Leopard cat ( 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4375: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4355: 4345: 4343: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4269: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4241:L. canadensis 4239:Canada lynx ( 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4220: 4218: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4129: 4127: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4089: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4063:C. temminckii 4059: 4057: 4055: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4033: 4031: 4028:Marbled cat ( 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4012: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3998:sensu stricto 3995: 3990: 3976: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3916: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3865: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3848: 3847:P. pardicolor 3843: 3841: 3839: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3712: 3704: 3699: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3674: 3673: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3635:0-19-856586-0 3631: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3602:on 2008-12-23 3601: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3555: 3552: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3513: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3484:Human Ecology 3481: 3474: 3471: 3466: 3462: 3460: 3451: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3424:) and otter ( 3423: 3422:Mustela vison 3416: 3413: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3249: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3197: 3194: 3182: 3181: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3123:on 2022-09-01 3122: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3079: 3072: 3069: 3064: 3062:0-387-95137-7 3058: 3054: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2940: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2914: 2907: 2905: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2847:on 2009-03-26 2843: 2839: 2832: 2825: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2714:(Schreber)". 2713: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2438: 2435: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2393: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2324:on 2016-10-12 2323: 2319: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2290: 2284: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2247:Wilson, D. E. 2242: 2239: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2203: 2201: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2117: 2115: 2106: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2024: 2021: 2010:on 2012-03-20 2009: 2005: 2001: 1999: 1991: 1988: 1983: 1981:0-8018-7416-5 1977: 1973: 1972: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1944: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1820: 1816: 1809: 1806: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1772: 1769: 1764: 1762:1-56098-845-2 1758: 1754: 1753: 1745: 1742: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1667:IUCN Red List 1664: 1663:least concern 1659: 1657: 1653: 1645: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1628:Acid drainage 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1585:grizzly bears 1577: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1554:snowshoe hare 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1513:adult beetles 1510: 1506: 1501: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1482:American coot 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1405:garter snakes 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1290:, especially 1289: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1189:Ptychocheilus 1185: 1184: 1183:Richardsonius 1179: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124:Centrarchidae 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1086: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1051: 1046: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017:Mojave Desert 1014: 1010: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 987: 985: 981: 980:San Francisco 977: 973: 967: 965: 961: 957: 956:Pacific coast 953: 949: 945: 936: 929: 927: 923: 919: 913: 911: 907: 900: 896: 891: 884: 879: 872: 870: 867: 859: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 802: 798: 794: 790: 784: 776: 769: 767: 760: 758: 755: 748: 741: 739: 726: 722: 719:. Additional 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 699: 695: 691: 682: 675: 670: 663: 661: 658: 656: 651: 649: 644: 635: 627: 620: 615: 611: 608: 605: 601: 598: 595: 591: 587: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 565: 564:Kodiak Island 561: 558: 555: 552: 551: 550: 544: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 498: 494: 493: 488: 483: 481: 478: 474: 470: 469: 465: 460: 456: 453: 449: 441: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 369: 366: 362: 361:weasel family 358: 353: 350: 349:United States 346: 342: 338: 334: 331: 327: 323: 319: 318: 313: 301: 298: 297: 294: 291: 287: 283: 278: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 238: 235: 230: 225: 219: 217: 211: 208: 207:Binomial name 204: 200: 199: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 182: 179: 178: 175: 172: 169: 168: 165: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 148: 145: 142: 139: 138: 135: 132: 129: 128: 125: 122: 119: 118: 113: 108: 104: 98: 92: 87: 81: 76: 75:Least Concern 65: 61: 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 9196: 9153: 9144: 9135: 9126: 9117: 9108: 9099: 9090: 9081: 9072: 9063: 9054: 9045: 9036: 9027: 9018: 9009: 8989: 8977: 8968: 8959: 8950: 8938: 8913: 8904: 8895: 8883: 8871: 8859: 8848:L. sumatrana 8847: 8838: 8826: 8814: 8797: 8785: 8773: 8764: 8755: 8746: 8744: 8734: 8722: 8680: 8671: 8659: 8647: 8631:V. peregusna 8630: 8618: 8585: 8576: 8556: 8544: 8531:Lyncodontini 8522:Ictonychinae 8506:M. zibellina 8505: 8496: 8487: 8478: 8469: 8461:M. flavigula 8460: 8451: 8443:M. americana 8442: 8422: 8410: 8398: 8386: 8374: 8363:Eira barbara 8362: 8336: 8328:M. personata 8327: 8318: 8309: 8300: 8291: 8271: 8255: 8246: 8238:M. canescens 8237: 8228: 8216: 8204: 8195: 8186: 8174: 8145: 8133: 8121: 8040: 8031: 8019: 8007: 7998: 7986: 7957: 7948: 7939: 7930: 7910: 7898: 7889: 7880: 7860: 7848: 7847:Cacomistle ( 7839: 7827: 7816:Potos flavus 7815: 7785: 7776: 7767: 7758: 7738: 7726: 7717: 7697: 7685: 7676: 7664: 7652: 7643: 7634: 7625: 7605: 7572: 7513: 7504: 7495: 7486: 7452: 7443: 7423: 7407: 7395: 7383: 7368:(monk seals) 7324: 7315: 7306: 7294: 7282: 7273: 7261: 7249: 7240: 7231: 7205: 7196: 7139: 7131:A. townsendi 7130: 7121: 7113:A. philippii 7112: 7103: 7094: 7085: 7077:A. australis 7076: 7064: 7052: 7035: 7023: 7011: 6990: 6981: 6969: 6957: 6931: 6919: 6879: 6758:U. maritimus 6757: 6756:Polar bear ( 6748: 6747:Brown bear ( 6739: 6730: 6718: 6706: 6697: 6696:Sloth bear ( 6671: 6659: 6647: 6635: 6585: 6576: 6567: 6558: 6549: 6540: 6531: 6522: 6510: 6499:Cuon alpinus 6498: 6489: 6473:L. mesomelas 6472: 6463: 6451: 6420: 6411: 6402: 6401:Pampas fox ( 6393: 6384: 6375: 6363: 6351: 6342: 6326:S. venaticus 6325: 6313: 6301: 6300:Maned wolf ( 6282:Cerdocyonina 6250: 6249:Fennec fox ( 6241: 6232: 6224:V. rueppelli 6223: 6214: 6205: 6196: 6195:Arctic fox ( 6188:V. ferrilata 6187: 6178: 6177:Corsac fox ( 6169: 6160: 6151: 6150:Bengal fox ( 6129: 6117: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6058: 6057:Island fox ( 6049: 6037: 5970:H. sanguinea 5969: 5960: 5951: 5943:H. ichneumon 5942: 5933: 5921: 5909: 5900: 5891: 5879: 5867: 5858: 5849: 5840: 5823: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5787: 5778: 5770:U. edwardsii 5769: 5761:U. brachyura 5760: 5751: 5739: 5727: 5718: 5688: 5679: 5670: 5662:C. alexandri 5661: 5649: 5637: 5628: 5616: 5604: 5587: 5579:M. gambianus 5578: 5566: 5554: 5538:S. suricatta 5537: 5525: 5500: 5475: 5466: 5454: 5442: 5425: 5416: 5404: 5392: 5362: 5353: 5341: 5329: 5320: 5297:carnivorans) 5278: 5249: 5237: 5225: 5216: 5184: 5172: 5142:Herpestoidea 5105:Herpestoidea 5072: 5064:G. victoriae 5063: 5054: 5053:Cape genet ( 5045: 5037:G. servalina 5036: 5027: 5026:King genet ( 5019:G. piscivora 5018: 5009: 5000: 4991: 4983:G. johnstoni 4982: 4973: 4964: 4955: 4946: 4937: 4919: 4908:P. leightoni 4907: 4898: 4880: 4855: 4846: 4838:V. megaspila 4837: 4829:V. civettina 4828: 4816: 4804: 4795: 4780: 4764: 4737: 4728: 4719: 4707: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4513: 4504: 4496:F. margarita 4495: 4486: 4477: 4476:Jungle cat ( 4468: 4459: 4447: 4431: 4422: 4414:P. planiceps 4413: 4404: 4395: 4385:Prionailurus 4383: 4371: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4316:Jaguarundi ( 4300: 4288: 4267: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4228: 4216: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4171: 4163:L. geoffroyi 4162: 4153: 4152:Pampas cat ( 4141: 4125: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4062: 4053: 4041: 4030:P. marmorata 4029: 4017: 3997: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3945: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3903: 3891: 3846: 3837: 3820: 3793: 3746:Superorder: 3740:Infraclass: 3671: 3657: 3625: 3604:. Retrieved 3600:the original 3590: 3579:. Retrieved 3572:the original 3567: 3554: 3518: 3512: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3459:Ursus arctos 3458: 3450: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3338: 3334: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3240:. Retrieved 3236:Otter Spirit 3235: 3202: 3196: 3185:. Retrieved 3179: 3172: 3161: 3148: 3136: 3125:. Retrieved 3121:the original 3116: 3107: 3093: 3082:. Retrieved 3071: 3055:. Springer. 3052: 3046: 3034: 3023:. Retrieved 3021:. 2016-04-25 3018: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2938: 2917:. Retrieved 2912: 2903: 2886:(47): 43–53. 2883: 2849:. Retrieved 2842:the original 2838:tws.west.org 2837: 2824: 2807: 2803: 2753: 2749: 2715: 2711: 2665: 2661: 2631: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2527:. Retrieved 2525:. 2012-03-02 2522: 2513: 2499:(83): 1–60. 2496: 2492: 2459:. Retrieved 2455:the original 2450: 2444: 2437: 2425:. Retrieved 2421:the original 2416: 2407: 2396:. Retrieved 2362: 2357: 2343:River Otters 2337: 2326:. Retrieved 2322:the original 2292:. Retrieved 2283: 2251: 2241: 2230:. Retrieved 2211:(587): 1–8. 2208: 2199: 2163:. Retrieved 2153: 2142:. Retrieved 2125:(712): 1–6. 2122: 2113: 2105: 2088: 2084: 2083:sequences". 2080: 2074: 2037: 2033: 2023: 2012:. Retrieved 2008:the original 2003: 1997: 1990: 1970: 1947:. Retrieved 1942: 1936: 1932: 1909:. Retrieved 1905:the original 1895: 1887: 1880:. Retrieved 1866: 1858: 1851:. Retrieved 1837: 1829: 1822:. Retrieved 1808: 1797:. Retrieved 1793: 1784: 1771: 1751: 1744: 1732:. Retrieved 1718: 1712: 1706: 1660: 1651: 1650: 1618: 1614: 1601: 1596: 1588: 1582: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1549: 1541: 1533: 1522: 1498: 1490: 1485: 1477: 1469: 1461: 1453: 1445: 1437: 1421: 1413: 1408: 1400: 1392: 1384: 1376: 1368: 1360: 1352: 1344: 1336: 1332: 1325: 1316: 1303:Pacifasticus 1301: 1295: 1285: 1276: 1268:Oncorhynchus 1267: 1259: 1243: 1235: 1227: 1219: 1209: 1205: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1169: 1165: 1157: 1153: 1143: 1139: 1112:Catostomidae 1104: 1094: 1091: 1077: 1074:white sucker 1058: 1054: 1011:such as the 994:region, and 988: 968: 964:Brooks Range 941: 924: 920: 917: 908: 904: 863: 785: 781: 764: 756: 753: 702: 687: 659: 652: 640: 610:L. c. sonora 609: 599: 581: 575: 569: 559: 553: 548: 510: 501: 490: 486: 484: 479: 472: 466: 445: 424:habitat loss 421: 370: 354: 325: 321: 316: 315: 311: 309: 299: 271:L. c. sonora 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 215: 213: 197: 196: 184: 29: 9402:NatureServe 9324:iNaturalist 9221:Wikispecies 9145:M. sibirica 9127:M. putorius 9100:M. nigripes 9082:M. lutreola 9055:M. haidarum 8951:N. africana 8914:A. congicus 8905:A. cinereus 8896:A. capensis 8796:Sea otter ( 8774:L. provocax 8681:I. striatus 8602:Ictonychini 8497:M. melampus 8409:Wolverine ( 8387:P. pennanti 8310:M. moschata 8301:M. everetti 8247:M. leucurus 8205:A. hoevenii 8196:A. collaris 8146:M. capensis 8041:N. olivacea 7956:Olinguito ( 7912:Bassaricyon 7899:P. pygmaeus 7829:Bassariscus 7802:Procyonidae 7777:S. putorius 7768:S. gracilis 7686:M. mephitis 7677:M. macroura 7571:Red panda ( 7551:Musteloidea 7512:Ross seal ( 7465:Lobodontini 7397:Neomonachus 7325:P. sibirica 7283:P. vitulina 7248:Grey seal ( 7230:Harp seal ( 7122:A. pusillus 7086:A. forsteri 6921:Callorhinus 6855:Pinnipedia 6814:Musteloidea 6586:C. simensis 6550:C. lupaster 6419:Hoary fox ( 6412:L. sechurae 6385:L. fulvipes 6376:L. culpaeus 6272:(true dogs) 6231:Swift fox ( 6206:V. macrotis 6098:Nyctereutes 6007:Caniformia 5952:H. ochracea 5910:B. nigripes 5901:B. jacksoni 5788:U. javanica 5705:Herpestinae 5680:C. obscurus 5671:C. ansorgei 5651:Crossarchus 5507:(mongooses) 5496:Herpestidae 5476:S. durrelli 5467:S. concolor 5417:G. fasciata 5354:E. goudotii 5275:Herpestidae 5185:P. cristata 5046:G. thierryi 5001:G. maculata 4965:G. cristata 4956:G. bourloni 4709:Paradoxurus 4667:Binturong ( 4606:Hemigalinae 4583:Viverroidea 4546:Viverroidea 4505:F. nigripes 4357:Leopard cat 4342:P. concolor 4259:L. pardinus 4208:L. tigrinus 4199:L. pardalis 4190:L. jacobita 4181:L. guttulus 4154:L. colocola 3913:N. nebulosa 3883:Pantherinae 3763:Feliformia 3376:(3): 49–58. 3315:(2): 75–86. 2992:(7): 1306. 2965:(5): 1314. 2552:Lutra lutra 2461:20 November 2427:20 November 2034:BMC Biology 1593:polar bears 1538:meadow vole 1480:); and the 1446:Anas crecca 1373:green frogs 1288:crustaceans 1282:Crustaceans 1222:spp.); and 1194:Ictaluridae 1192:spp.); and 1171:Rhinichthys 1136:common carp 1108:game fishes 1000:New England 992:Great Lakes 976:Sutro Baths 793:Crustaceans 709:carnassials 621:Description 588:, northern 507:giant otter 381:salamanders 330:semiaquatic 326:river otter 232:Subspecies 93:Appendix II 9515:Categories 9118:M. nudipes 9109:M. nivalis 9073:M. kathiah 9028:M. erminea 9019:M. altaica 8969:N. frenata 8960:N. felipei 8930:Mustelinae 8672:I. libycus 8586:G. vittata 8452:M. caurina 8229:M. anakuma 8107:Mustelidae 8094:Mustelidae 8070:see below↓ 8061:Mustelidae 7958:B. neblina 7869:(raccoons) 7840:B. astutus 7838:Ringtail ( 7814:Kinkajou ( 7786:S. pygmaea 7727:M. marchei 7585:Mephitidae 7453:M. leonina 7345:Monachinae 7316:P. hispida 7307:P. caspica 7104:A. gazella 7036:N. cinerea 6932:C. ursinus 6870:Odobenidae 6823:see below↓ 6803:see below↓ 6787:Pinnipedia 6705:Sun bear ( 6672:T. ornatus 6661:Tremarctos 6637:Ailuropoda 6575:Red wolf ( 6541:C. latrans 6464:L. adustus 6421:L. vetulus 6394:L. griseus 6324:Bush dog ( 6215:V. pallida 6213:Pale fox ( 6197:V. lagopus 6168:Cape fox ( 6048:Gray fox ( 5806:U. smithii 5638:H. parvula 5629:H. hirtula 5517:Mungotinae 5406:Galidictis 5379:Galidiinae 5307:Euplerinae 5290:Eupleridae 5279:sensu lato 5250:C. crocuta 5183:Aardwolf ( 5114:see below↓ 5055:G. tigrina 5028:G. poensis 5010:G. pardina 4992:G. letabae 4974:G. genetta 4872:Genettinae 4856:V. zibetha 4776:Viverrinae 4765:sensu lato 4760:Viverrinae 4729:P. jerdoni 4596:Viverridae 4555:see below↓ 4494:Sand cat ( 4301:A. jubatus 4126:C. caracal 4019:Pardofelis 3838:P. linsang 3779:Feliformia 3606:2008-12-27 3581:2008-12-27 3545:1032725725 3268:(2): 298. 3242:2009-01-14 3187:2010-12-18 3127:2017-06-25 3084:2008-12-30 3025:2023-10-25 2919:2009-01-14 2851:2009-01-14 2641:0774393653 2529:2017-06-13 2398:2008-11-17 2328:2008-12-24 2294:2017-06-13 2232:2009-01-15 2165:2009-01-15 2144:2009-01-15 2014:2009-01-15 1949:2009-01-15 1911:2017-02-28 1799:2017-06-13 1734:24 January 1673:References 1632:coal mines 1620:Oil spills 1474:ruddy duck 1466:canvasback 1409:Thamnophis 1357:wood frogs 1236:Umbra limi 1220:Etheostoma 1148:spp.) and 1145:Catostomus 1132:Cyprinidae 1126:), daces, 1060:and hair. 1025:Rio Grande 950:, and the 866:hatcheries 818:amphibians 586:California 576:L. c. mira 545:Subspecies 480:canadensis 452:naturalist 450:by German 377:amphibians 337:lives only 256:L. c. mira 174:Mustelidae 9591:Fur trade 9064:M. itatsi 8998:(weasels) 8861:Lutrogale 8798:E. lutris 8756:L. felina 8565:(grisons) 8488:M. martes 8431:(martens) 8349:Guloninae 8135:Mellivora 8008:N. narica 7949:B. medius 7940:B. gabbii 7931:B. alleni 7919:(olingos) 7888:Raccoon ( 7740:Spilogale 7626:C. chinga 7607:Conepatus 7563:Ailuridae 7362:Monachini 7274:P. largha 6944:Otariinae 6907:sea lions 6902:fur seals 6893:Otariidae 6778:Mustelida 6749:U. arctos 6611:Arctoidea 6568:C. lycaon 6523:C. aureus 6453:Lupulella 6365:Lycalopex 6242:V. vulpes 6240:Red fox ( 6204:Kit fox ( 6179:V. corsac 5923:Herpestes 5536:Meerkat ( 5295:(Malagasy 5197:Hyaeninae 5158:Hyaenidae 5073:G. felina 4487:F. lybica 4299:Cheetah ( 4217:L. wiedii 4206:Oncilla ( 4172:L. guigna 4143:Leopardus 4124:Caracal ( 4117:C. aurata 4052:Bay cat ( 3973:P. pardus 3971:Leopard ( 3946:P. tigris 3904:N. diardi 3822:Prionodon 3722:Kingdom: 3711:Carnivora 3504:154770819 3117:KyForward 2139:198968980 1794:Sciencing 1423:Waterfowl 1206:Ictalurus 1198:bullheads 1166:Semotilus 1154:Moxostoma 1150:redhorses 998:areas of 996:glaciated 721:premolars 566:, Alaska) 531:Old World 527:New World 497:New World 448:described 379:(such as 192:Species: 164:Carnivora 130:Kingdom: 124:Eukaryota 9480:Species+ 9407:2.102243 9394:14001097 9342:10837845 9280:46559127 9206:Wikidata 9044:Ferret ( 8978:N. vison 8839:L. lutra 8707:(otters) 8701:Lutrinae 8558:Galictis 8470:M. foina 8385:Fisher ( 8273:Melogale 8256:M. meles 8176:Arctonyx 8021:Nasuella 7999:N. nasua 7976:(coatis) 7890:P. lotor 7666:Mephitis 7425:Mirounga 7175:Phocinae 7156:Phocidae 7025:Neophoca 6971:Zalophus 6878:Walrus ( 6577:C. rufus 6559:C. lupus 6539:Coyote ( 6374:Culpeo ( 6315:Speothos 6251:V. zerda 6233:V. velox 6170:V. chama 5881:Bdeogale 5779:U. fusca 5618:Helogale 5588:M. mungo 5527:Suricata 5456:Salanoia 5363:E. major 5343:Eupleres 5174:Proteles 5163:(hyenas) 4927:(genets) 4478:F. chaus 4469:F. catus 4460:F. bieti 4340:Cougar ( 4290:Acinonyx 4268:L. rufus 4266:Bobcat ( 4215:Margay ( 4197:Ocelot ( 4170:Kodkod ( 4091:Serval ( 4054:C. badia 4043:Catopuma 3953:Jaguar ( 3937:P. uncia 3926:Panthera 3893:Neofelis 3811:Feloidea 3742:Eutheria 3736:Mammalia 3730:Chordata 3728:Phylum: 3724:Animalia 3465:Archived 3461:in Canad 3355:83654411 3335:Mammalia 3290:56375947 3282:44840292 3156:. SFGate 2346:Archived 2275:62265494 2066:18275614 1819:CTV News 1431:moulting 1297:Cambarus 1292:crayfish 1272:spawning 1240:sculpins 1177:Notropis 1158:Cyprinus 1004:riverine 838:mollusks 832:, small 814:reptiles 801:crayfish 797:crayfish 742:Behavior 717:molluscs 674:whiskers 643:whiskers 523:Pliocene 405:crayfish 399:, small 357:Lutrinae 290:Synonyms 224:Schreber 170:Family: 154:Mammalia 144:Chordata 140:Phylum: 134:Animalia 120:Domain: 80:IUCN 3.1 53:in 2005 9381:1005844 9316:2433727 9212:Q327028 9046:M. furo 8991:Mustela 8940:Neogale 8787:Enhydra 8661:Ictonyx 8620:Vormela 8577:G. cuja 8504:Sable ( 8411:G. gulo 8376:Pekania 8361:Tayra ( 8158:Melinae 7970:Nasuina 7862:Procyon 7218:Phocini 6857:(seals) 6792:(seals) 6684:Ursinae 6626:(bears) 6621:Ursidae 6497:Dhole ( 6287:(zorro) 6161:V. cana 6071:Vulpini 6039:Urocyon 6023:Canidae 5815:U. urva 5319:Fossa ( 5239:Crocuta 4921:Genetta 4818:Viverra 4359:lineage 4281:lineage 4250:L. lynx 4106:Caracal 4080:lineage 4078:Caracal 4010:lineage 4008:Bay cat 3994:Felinae 3955:P. onca 3944:Tiger ( 3864:Felidae 3734:Class: 3713:species 3709:Extant 2770:3800205 2682:3801818 2584:3565013 2564:Bibcode 2505:3830731 2227:3504417 2159:"Otter" 2057:2276185 1882:11 June 1853:11 June 1848:WFLA-TV 1824:11 June 1571:Threats 1552:); and 1530:muskrat 1519:Mammals 1495:Insects 1458:mallard 1403:); and 1312:spraint 1256:walleye 1224:perches 1216:darters 1214:spp.); 1211:Lepomis 1202:catfish 1160:spp.), 1116:catfish 1040:Habitat 1035:Ecology 842:carrion 834:mammals 830:insects 770:Hunting 761:Playing 734:3.1.3.2 731:3.1.4.1 705:canines 515:Miocene 417:catfish 413:suckers 401:turtles 393:mussels 359:in the 339:on the 328:, is a 226:, 1777) 180:Genus: 160:Order: 150:Class: 95: ( 78: ( 9526:Lontra 9498:159017 9459:656961 9446:159017 9355:180549 9300:FEIS: 9293:LONTCA 8736:Lontra 8424:Martes 7699:Mydaus 7593:skunks 6557:Wolf ( 6437:Canina 6267:Canini 6131:Vulpes 6027:(dogs) 5568:Mungos 4882:Poiana 3964:P. leo 3962:Lion ( 3868:(cats) 3632: 3543: 3533: 3502: 3353: 3288: 3280: 3059: 2768: 2680: 2638: 2582: 2503: 2273: 2263: 2225: 2137: 2064: 2054: 2040:: 10. 1978: 1759: 1591:) and 1440:) and 1264:salmon 1244:Cottus 1238:) and 946:, the 885:marina 836:, and 806:fruits 713:molars 614:Mexico 590:Nevada 492:Lontra 415:, and 397:snails 365:burrow 345:Canada 333:mammal 185:Lontra 9493:WoRMS 9472:47751 9433:84428 9420:76717 9368:12302 9337:IRMNG 9329:41777 9267:3VZKQ 9254:10803 8885:Aonyx 8828:Lutra 8218:Meles 7988:Nasua 7263:Phoca 6720:Ursus 6512:Canis 6139:foxes 4449:Felis 3575:(PDF) 3564:(PDF) 3500:S2CID 3351:S2CID 3286:S2CID 3278:JSTOR 3232:(PDF) 2909:(PDF) 2845:(PDF) 2834:(PDF) 2766:JSTOR 2678:JSTOR 2580:JSTOR 2556:Oikos 2501:JSTOR 2223:JSTOR 2205:(PDF) 2135:S2CID 2119:(PDF) 1877:KIRO7 1777:otter 1630:from 1427:rails 1418:Birds 1329:frogs 1308:crabs 1248:trout 1228:Perca 1162:chubs 826:ducks 822:birds 473:Lutra 468:Lutra 464:genus 459:otter 409:perch 385:frogs 335:that 97:CITES 91:CITES 9485:4227 9441:OBIS 9415:NCBI 9363:IUCN 9350:ITIS 9311:GBIF 9303:loca 9288:EPPO 9249:BOLD 8400:Gulo 7296:Pusa 5741:Urva 4331:Puma 4279:Puma 4230:Lynx 3630:ISBN 3541:OCLC 3531:ISBN 3057:ISBN 2957:)". 2913:USDA 2636:ISBN 2554:L". 2463:2013 2429:2013 2271:OCLC 2261:ISBN 2062:PMID 1976:ISBN 1884:2018 1855:2018 1826:2018 1757:ISBN 1736:2022 1719:2021 1337:Hyla 1335:and 1333:Rana 1252:pike 1200:and 1180:and 1128:carp 1120:bass 1101:Fish 1064:Diet 1027:and 1015:and 789:scat 707:and 594:Utah 403:and 383:and 373:Fish 324:and 310:The 9389:MSW 9376:MDD 9275:EoL 9262:CoL 9236:ADW 3492:doi 3438:doi 3401:doi 3343:doi 3270:doi 3266:176 2994:doi 2967:doi 2812:doi 2758:doi 2670:doi 2572:doi 2213:doi 2127:doi 2093:doi 2089:246 2052:PMC 2042:doi 1723:doi 1560:). 1544:); 1536:); 1488:). 1472:); 1464:); 1456:); 1411:). 1395:); 1387:); 1379:); 1371:); 1363:); 1355:); 1347:); 1262:), 1114:), 978:in 897:in 727:is 519:Mya 432:fur 387:), 9517:: 9495:: 9482:: 9469:: 9456:: 9443:: 9430:: 9417:: 9404:: 9391:: 9378:: 9365:: 9352:: 9339:: 9326:: 9313:: 9290:: 9277:: 9264:: 9251:: 9238:: 9223:: 9208:: 3566:. 3539:. 3525:: 3498:. 3488:38 3486:. 3434:60 3432:. 3397:46 3395:. 3391:. 3349:. 3339:51 3337:. 3321:^ 3313:19 3311:. 3284:. 3276:. 3264:. 3260:. 3234:. 3211:^ 3115:. 3017:. 3006:^ 2990:72 2988:. 2963:69 2961:. 2928:^ 2911:. 2892:^ 2882:. 2860:^ 2836:. 2808:72 2806:. 2778:^ 2764:. 2754:38 2752:. 2724:^ 2690:^ 2676:. 2666:48 2664:. 2650:^ 2614:^ 2592:^ 2578:. 2570:. 2560:19 2558:. 2538:^ 2521:. 2497:83 2495:. 2471:^ 2449:. 2415:. 2370:^ 2303:^ 2269:. 2259:. 2221:. 2207:. 2174:^ 2133:. 2121:. 2087:. 2060:. 2050:. 2036:. 2032:. 2002:. 1958:^ 1941:. 1939:)" 1920:^ 1886:. 1875:. 1857:. 1846:. 1828:. 1817:. 1792:. 1717:. 1711:. 1681:^ 1612:. 1425:, 1300:, 1031:. 966:. 820:, 816:, 812:, 808:, 738:. 471:. 411:, 395:, 391:, 9156:) 9147:) 9138:) 9129:) 9120:) 9111:) 9102:) 9093:) 9084:) 9075:) 9066:) 9057:) 9048:) 9039:) 9030:) 9021:) 9012:) 8980:) 8971:) 8962:) 8953:) 8916:) 8907:) 8898:) 8874:) 8850:) 8841:) 8817:) 8800:) 8776:) 8767:) 8758:) 8749:) 8725:) 8683:) 8674:) 8650:) 8633:) 8588:) 8579:) 8547:) 8508:) 8499:) 8490:) 8481:) 8472:) 8463:) 8454:) 8445:) 8413:) 8389:) 8365:) 8339:) 8330:) 8321:) 8312:) 8303:) 8294:) 8258:) 8249:) 8240:) 8231:) 8207:) 8198:) 8189:) 8148:) 8124:) 8043:) 8034:) 8010:) 8001:) 7960:) 7951:) 7942:) 7933:) 7901:) 7892:) 7883:) 7851:) 7842:) 7818:) 7788:) 7779:) 7770:) 7761:) 7729:) 7720:) 7688:) 7679:) 7655:) 7646:) 7637:) 7628:) 7595:) 7591:( 7575:) 7516:) 7507:) 7498:) 7489:) 7455:) 7446:) 7410:) 7386:) 7327:) 7318:) 7309:) 7285:) 7276:) 7252:) 7243:) 7234:) 7208:) 7199:) 7142:) 7133:) 7124:) 7115:) 7106:) 7097:) 7088:) 7079:) 7055:) 7038:) 7014:) 6993:) 6984:) 6960:) 6934:) 6909:) 6904:, 6882:) 6760:) 6751:) 6742:) 6733:) 6709:) 6700:) 6674:) 6650:) 6588:) 6579:) 6570:) 6561:) 6552:) 6543:) 6534:) 6525:) 6501:) 6492:) 6475:) 6466:) 6423:) 6414:) 6405:) 6396:) 6387:) 6378:) 6354:) 6345:) 6328:) 6304:) 6253:) 6244:) 6235:) 6226:) 6217:) 6208:) 6199:) 6190:) 6181:) 6172:) 6163:) 6154:) 6141:) 6137:( 6120:) 6111:) 6087:) 6061:) 6052:) 5972:) 5963:) 5954:) 5945:) 5936:) 5912:) 5903:) 5894:) 5870:) 5861:) 5852:) 5843:) 5826:) 5817:) 5808:) 5799:) 5790:) 5781:) 5772:) 5763:) 5754:) 5730:) 5721:) 5691:) 5682:) 5673:) 5664:) 5640:) 5631:) 5607:) 5590:) 5581:) 5557:) 5540:) 5478:) 5469:) 5445:) 5428:) 5419:) 5395:) 5365:) 5356:) 5332:) 5323:) 5252:) 5228:) 5219:) 5187:) 5075:) 5066:) 5057:) 5048:) 5039:) 5030:) 5021:) 5012:) 5003:) 4994:) 4985:) 4976:) 4967:) 4958:) 4949:) 4940:) 4910:) 4901:) 4858:) 4849:) 4840:) 4831:) 4807:) 4798:) 4740:) 4731:) 4722:) 4698:) 4689:) 4680:) 4671:) 4645:) 4636:) 4627:) 4618:) 4516:) 4507:) 4498:) 4489:) 4480:) 4471:) 4462:) 4434:) 4425:) 4416:) 4407:) 4398:) 4374:) 4344:) 4320:) 4303:) 4270:) 4261:) 4252:) 4243:) 4219:) 4210:) 4201:) 4192:) 4183:) 4174:) 4165:) 4156:) 4128:) 4119:) 4095:) 4065:) 4056:) 4032:) 3975:) 3966:) 3957:) 3948:) 3939:) 3915:) 3906:) 3849:) 3840:) 3796:) 3702:e 3695:t 3688:v 3638:. 3609:. 3584:. 3549:. 3547:. 3506:. 3494:: 3444:. 3440:: 3409:. 3403:: 3357:. 3345:: 3292:. 3272:: 3245:. 3205:. 3190:. 3130:. 3087:. 3065:. 3028:. 3000:. 2996:: 2973:. 2969:: 2941:) 2922:. 2854:. 2818:. 2814:: 2772:. 2760:: 2684:. 2672:: 2644:. 2586:. 2574:: 2566:: 2532:. 2507:. 2465:. 2447:" 2431:. 2401:. 2331:. 2297:. 2277:. 2235:. 2215:: 2202:" 2198:" 2168:. 2147:. 2129:: 2116:" 2112:" 2099:. 2095:: 2081:b 2068:. 2044:: 2038:6 2017:. 2000:" 1984:. 1952:. 1935:( 1914:. 1802:. 1775:" 1765:. 1738:. 1725:: 1709:" 1705:" 1595:( 1587:( 1556:( 1548:( 1540:( 1532:( 1503:( 1484:( 1476:( 1468:( 1460:( 1452:( 1444:( 1436:( 1407:( 1399:( 1391:( 1383:( 1375:( 1367:( 1359:( 1351:( 1343:( 1331:( 1294:( 1266:( 1258:( 1242:( 1234:( 1226:( 1218:( 1204:( 1164:( 1152:( 1138:( 1122:( 1093:( 1076:( 901:. 795:( 616:) 596:) 509:( 314:( 222:( 99:) 82:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

North American river otter

Index