123:
253:
87:
244:
360:
strangers. Those from the southern regions are more likely to think holistically, interdependent, and draw a larger distinction between friends and strangers. The difference was attributed to the growing of rice, which often requires the sharing labor and managing shared irrigation infrastructure.
359:
A series of studies on regional differences in China suggest that people from places that grow wheat have different social styles and thought styles from those in rice-growing regions. Respondents from northern China are found to be more individualistic, think more analytically, and more open to
335:
Jones
Lamprey, a British army surgeon in 1868, writes that northerners have lighter skin tones than southerners, although the shade can change greatly from season to season depending on an individual's exposure to sunlight when performing manual labor outdoors. Northerners are often taller than
182:(as the south was associated with the fire element, Southerners were considered hot-tempered). These differences were reflected in Qing dynasty policies, such as the prohibition on local officials to serve their home areas, as well as conduct of personal and commercial relations. In 1730, the
220:
According to my observation, Northerners are sincere and honest; Southerners are skilled and quick-minded. These are their respective virtues. Yet sincerity and honesty lead to stupidity, whereas skillfulness and quick-mindedness lead to
247:
Northern regions are predominantly
Mandarin-speaking, while southern regions speak southwestern Mandarin, Eastern Mandarin, and non-Mandarin. ("Mandarin" and "Southern" on this map refer to Sinitic languages, while other groups are not
347:
accent. Ethnic groups are comparatively more diverse in southern regions. Rhotic accent is usually absent from the
Mandarin spoken there. Different dialects are less mutually intelligible, and additional languages such as
272:
Northern regions of China have long winters that are cold and dry, often below freezing, and long summers that are hot and humid. Transitional periods are short. The ecology is simple and not resilient to droughts.
259:
in 2004. The disparity in terms of wealth runs in the east–west direction rather than the north–south direction. However, the southeast coast is still wealthier than the northeast coast in
194:
The people of the North are strong; they must not copy the fancy diets of the
Southerners, who are physically frail, live in a different environment, and have different stomachs and bowels.
471:
The map shows the distribution of linguistic groups according to historical majority ethnic groups, which may have shifted due to prolonged internal migration and assimilation.
666:
884:
556:"Characteristics of the precipitation concentration and their relationship with the precipitation structure: A case study in the Huai River basin, China"
356:
are spoken. Patrilineage organizations are larger and more integrated in rural southern regions, possibly due to merges and competition for territory.
78:'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
388:, however, the south took the lead due to manufacturing and eventually high-tech industries, as well as continued internal migration into the region.
595:"Bioindicator Assessment Framework of River Ecosystem Health and the Detection of Factors Influencing the Health of the Huai River Basin, China"
139:
1397:
1365:
780:
744:
717:
642:
166:, regional differences and identification in China fostered the growth of regional stereotypes. Such stereotypes often appeared in historic
797:
707:
312:
are grown, and one to two crops are produced each year. The growing season lasts four to six months. Wheat-based food such as bread,
1322:
1076:
Lu, Guoguang; Yang, Zhihui; Zhang, Yan; Lu, Shengxu; Gong, Siyuan; Li, Tingting; Shen, Yijie; Zhang, Sihan; Zhuang, Hanya (2022).
834:
327:. Two to three crops can be grown each year, and the growing season lasts nine to twelve months. Rice-based food is more common.
499:"Spatiotemporal variation of climate of different flanks and elevations of the Qinling–Daba mountains in China during 1969–2018"
209:
152:
39:
734:
51:
98:
serve as the transition zone between northern and southern China. They approximately coincide with the 0 degree
Celsius
179:
1305:
Talhelm, Thomas; Oishi, Shigehiro (2018). "How Rice
Farming Shaped Culture in Southern China". In Uskul, Ayse (ed.).
892:
144:
Historically, populations migrated from the north to the south, especially its coastal areas and along major rivers.
1508:
319:
Cultivation of the southern regions began later in history. Warm temperatures and abundant rainfall help produce
1513:
1242:"Moving chairs in Starbucks: Observational studies find rice-wheat cultural differences in daily life in China"
402:
111:
385:
1435:
555:
1119:"People quasi-randomly assigned to farm rice are more collectivistic than people assigned to farm wheat"
407:
381:
643:"China's Huai River Policy and Population Migration: A U-Shaped Relationship – Nova Science Publishers"
1253:
1198:
1130:
1089:
919:
594:
90:
Tropical wet forests are larger and more numerous in southern regions of China compared to the north.
807:(43). San Francisco: Center for the Pacific Rim, University of San Francisco: 7, 10. Archived from
174:
and were based on geographic circumstances, historical and literary associations (e.g. people from
1490:
Muensterberger, Warner (1951). "Orality and
Dependence: Characteristics of Southern Chinese." In
1471:
1424:
1058:
981:
943:
281:
1355:
368:
Traveling between places tends to be easier in northern regions where the terrain is more even.
1187:"Large-Scale Psychological Differences Within China Explained by Rice Versus Wheat Agriculture"
554:
Yin, Yixing; Chen, Haishan; Wang, Guojie; Xu, Wucheng; Wang, Shenmin; Yu, Wenjun (1 May 2021).
497:
Lan, Xincan; Li, Wuyang; Tang, Jiale; Shakoor, Abdul; Zhao, Fang; Fan, Jiabin (28 April 2022).
1479:
1463:
1416:
1393:
1361:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1318:
1307:
Socio-Economic
Environment and Human Psychology: Social, Ecological, and Cultural Perspectives
1287:
1269:
1222:
1214:
1164:
1146:
1050:
935:
776:
740:
713:
667:"Weekend Long Read: Why China's North-South Economic Gap Keeps Getting Bigger - Caixin Global"
624:
575:
536:
518:
1185:
Talhelm, T.; Zhang, X.; Oishi, S.; Shimin, C.; Duan, D.; Lan, X.; Kitayama, S. (9 May 2014).
854:
808:
1455:
1310:
1277:
1261:
1206:
1154:
1138:
1097:
1042:
973:
927:
846:
614:
606:
567:
526:
510:
344:
340:
610:
252:
17:
397:
377:
1407:
Du, Ruofu; Yuan, Yida; Hwang, Juliana; Mountain, Joanna; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca (1992).
1314:
1078:"Geographic latitude and human height - Statistical analysis and case studies from China"
1257:
1202:
1159:
1134:
1118:
1093:
923:
122:
1282:
1241:
531:
324:
256:
183:
1186:
1502:
498:
947:
280:
and green year round. The winters are short. They often experience typhoons and the
243:
86:
571:
163:
156:
103:
99:
1387:
384:, and its concentration of construction and resource extraction industries. After
452:
436:
293:
148:
35:
31:
1142:
1102:
1077:
850:
514:
931:
277:
107:
1467:
1420:
1273:
1218:
1150:
1054:
939:
628:
579:
522:
1409:"Chinese Surnames and the Genetic Differences between North and South China"
1210:
907:
349:
171:
167:
1483:
1291:
1265:
1226:
1168:
540:
155:(420–589) ruled their respective part of China before re-uniting under the
593:
Xia, Jun; Zhang, Yongyong; Zhao, Changsen; Bunn, Stuart E. (August 2014).
908:"The Tropical Forests of Southern China and Conservation of Biodiversity"
313:
175:
1428:
1408:
999:
1475:
1447:
1062:
1030:
985:
619:
353:
305:
301:
95:
1392:. Macmillan series in physical anthropology. New York, NY: Macmillan.
1448:"Richer and Taller: Stature and Living Standards in China, 1979-1995"
226:
213:
1494:, (3), ed. Geza Roheim (New York: International Universities Press).
1459:
1046:
977:
114:
has been used to set different policies to the north and the south.
964:
Eberhard, Wolfram (December 1965). "Chinese
Regional Stereotypes".
284:
in the summer. The ecology is complex, and floods are more common.
1332:
309:
297:
242:
127:
121:
85:
1357:
The Rice
Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies
1240:
Talhelm, Thomas; Zhang, Xuemin; Oishi, Shigehiro (6 April 2018).
376:
As China modernized, the north initially developed faster due to
709:
Northern and Southern China: Regional Differences in Rural Areas
320:
131:
736:
China Between Empires: The Northern and Southern Dynasties
1309:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 53–76.
867:
Source: United States Central Intelligence Agency, 1990.
343:
are widely spoken in northern regions and often with a
798:"Jesuits and Medicine in the Kangxi Court (1662–1722)"
773:
China's cultural heritage: the Qing dynasty, 1644–1912
106:, and the 2,000-hour sunshine duration contour. The
885:"Regions of Chinese food-styles/flavors of cooking"
1117:Talhelm, Thomas; Dong, Xiawei (27 February 2024).
1035:Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London
1000:"Jones Lamprey | Historical Photographs of China"
1031:"A Contribution to the Ethnology of the Chinese"
1413:Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series
972:(12). University of California Press: 596–608.
218:
192:
102:in January, the 800 millimetres (31 in)
8:
959:
957:
73:
59:
1440:The Cambridge Illustrated History of China
178:, were considered upright and honest) and
1281:
1158:
1101:
618:
530:
27:Two approximate mega-regions within China
1180:
1178:
251:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
489:
423:
1492:Psychoanalysis and the Social Sciences
140:Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
1024:
1022:
1020:
879:
877:
875:
873:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
110:basin serves a similar role, and the
7:
733:Lewis, Mark Edward (30 April 2011).
661:
659:
430:Also referred to in China as simply
292:The northern regions are easier to
1360:. University of California Press.
1315:10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0003
611:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000989
25:
833:Young, Lung-Chang (Summer 1988).
599:Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
216:, a major Chinese writer, wrote:
126:Northern regions often cultivate
835:"Regional Stereotypes in China"
316:, and noodles are more common.
153:Southern and Northern Dynasties
134:is more prevalent in the south.
40:Northern and Southern dynasties
1082:Arabian Journal of Geosciences
796:Hanson, Marta E. (July 2007).
775:(2 ed.). Westview Press.
771:Smith, Richard Joseph (1994).
572:10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105484
458:
442:
69:
55:
1:
1442:. Cambridge University Press.
64:'China's North') and
1438:; Liu, Kwang-chang. (1999).
1386:Brues, Alice Mossie (1977).
739:. Harvard University Press.
706:Xuefeng, He (7 March 2022).
186:made the observation in the
1446:Morgan, Stephen L. (2000).
233:(《魯迅全集》), pp. 493–495.
18:North China and South China
1530:
1143:10.1038/s41467-024-44770-w
1103:10.1007/s12517-021-09335-x
851:10.2753/csh0009-4633210432
839:Chinese Studies in History
515:10.1038/s41598-022-10819-3
276:Many southern regions are
137:
29:
932:10.1007/s12229-017-9177-2
906:Zhu, Hua (1 March 2017).
451:
435:
398:Cultural regions in China
378:planned economic policies
1354:Bray, Francesca (1994).
403:List of regions of China
231:Complete works of Lu Xun
30:Not to be confused with
1436:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley
1211:10.1126/science.1246850
1266:10.1126/sciadv.aap8469
296:. Hardy crops such as
264:
249:
236:
206:
147:After the fall of the
135:
96:Qinling–Daba Mountains
91:
1123:Nature Communications
255:
246:
125:
89:
1029:Lamprey, J. (1868).
912:The Botanical Review
671:www.caixinglobal.com
560:Atmospheric Research
199:the Kangxi Emperor,
112:course of the Huaihe
1258:2018SciA....4.8469T
1203:2014Sci...344..603T
1135:2024NatCo..15.1782T
1094:2022ArJG...15..335L
924:2017BotRv..83...87Z
857:on 29 January 2013.
331:Language and people
805:Pacific Rim Report
503:Scientific Reports
282:East Asian monsoon
265:
250:
136:
92:
1452:The China Journal
1399:978-0-02-315670-0
1367:978-0-520-08620-3
1197:(6184): 603–608.
895:on 16 April 2009.
889:regional cuisines
782:978-0-8133-1347-4
746:978-0-674-06035-7
719:978-1-000-40262-9
210:Republican period
180:Chinese cosmology
76:
62:
16:(Redirected from
1521:
1509:Regions of China
1487:
1432:
1403:
1389:People and Races
1372:
1371:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1246:Science Advances
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1015:
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989:
961:
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891:. Archived from
881:
868:
865:
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853:. Archived from
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824:
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814:on 19 March 2012
813:
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288:Diet and produce
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63:
60:
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21:
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1514:Chinese culture
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1460:10.2307/2667475
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1379:Further reading
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1252:(4): eaap8469.
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450:(Chinese:
440:; pinyin:
434:(Chinese:
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364:Transportation
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257:GDP per capita
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184:Kangxi Emperor
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68:(Chinese:
66:Southern China
48:Northern China
26:
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14:
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6:
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918:(1): 87–105.
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712:. Routledge.
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201:Tingxun Geyan
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33:
19:
1491:
1454:(44): 1–39.
1451:
1439:
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1349:
1306:
1300:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1194:
1190:
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1122:
1112:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1038:
1034:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:
994:
969:
966:Asian Survey
965:
915:
911:
901:
893:the original
888:
863:
855:the original
845:(4): 32–57.
842:
838:
828:
816:. Retrieved
809:the original
804:
791:
772:
735:
728:
708:
674:. Retrieved
670:
646:. Retrieved
637:
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339:Variants of
338:
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164:Qing dynasty
161:
157:Tang dynasty
146:
143:
93:
70:中国南方 or 中国南部
65:
56:中国北方 or 中国北部
47:
46:
44:
1415:(5): 1–93.
1129:(1): 1782.
1041:: 101–108.
1009:17 November
648:2 September
620:10072/66836
278:subtropical
208:During the
162:During the
149:Han dynasty
36:South China
32:North China
1503:Categories
1333:2017046499
566:: 105484.
479:References
382:Soviet aid
261:per capita
221:duplicity.
172:gazetteers
168:chronicles
138:See also:
108:Huai River
1468:1324-9347
1421:2409-2878
1274:2375-2548
1219:0036-8075
1151:2041-1723
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580:0169-8095
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203:(《庭訓格言》)
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190:(庭訓格言):
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