587:
747:
229:
1080:
837:
1866:
1561:
25:
783:
currencies from silver to cheaper gold â hence an unofficial gold standard. By the 1730s the gold florin of 2.5036 g was valued at 3 Austrian florins or 2 North German thaler; hence each thaler was worth 1.2518 g fine gold or 18.15 g fine silver at France's gold ratio of 14.5 (vs 19.488 g silver
1641:
The
History of Currency, 1252â1894: Being an Account of the Gold and Silver Moneys and Monetary Standards of Europe and America, Together with an Examination of the Effects of Currency and Exchange Phenomena on Commercial and National Progress and
577:
at 9 to a Mark. While this system was implemented by the more financially able North German states (most notably by
Hamburg, Lubeck & Denmark), it would not be widely adopted until introduction of the Leipzig standard of 1690.
1281:
gram of fine gold, at the rate of 1 thaler = 3 marks, or a gold ratio of 15.5. While new silver coins issued under the mark were limited legal tender for payments under 20 marks, the
1359:
A number of North German states followed both the
Leipzig standard after 1690 and the unofficial gold standard after 1730, but did not follow the Austrian Convention standard of 13
801:
for a value of five thalers. It made the thaler even cheaper at 1.2 g gold or 17.4 g silver, and several North German states also came up with their own five-thaler pistoles.
728:
thaler â hence, 1.2784 g fine gold per thaler and a gold-silver ratio of 15.2. This would be
Germany's new predominant currency system entering the 18th century.
604:
The
Leipzig standard was first introduced in 1690 by Saxony, Brandenburg, Brunswick and LĂŒneburg; in a few years this standard prevailed all over the
1751:
MAIN p 215-216: 1255.5 marks = pound or 500g *0.9 fine, so 2.79 mark = 1g fine. Thalers that still exist are legal tender to any amount for 3 marks.
2184:
1718:
MAIN p 386: #2 Zinnaische 1667, #3 Leipzig 1690, Gold std 1741 p388, #5 Convention 1753, #4 Prussian 1840, p382 1857 Vereinsthaler 500g/30=16.7g.
804:
For the South German states neighboring France, though, the need to lower their currencies even more has become much more acute, resulting in a
42:
2189:
1213:
grams fine silver, of marginally smaller weight than the
Prussian thaler's 16.704 g, but still accepted at par with the Northern German
1685:/16 = 8/9, Mark fine = 9 thaler. p 368, in 1568: Mark fine = 10 florin 43.16 kreuzer = 10.72 fl, hence thaler â 1.19 fl or 72 kreuzer.
1910:
108:
89:
2194:
1779:
1460:
of a
Cologne Mark after the rise in gold prices in the second half of the 18th century. It was also divided differently into 36
1090:
The final task of currency unification in
Germany was completed by Prussia between 1837 and 1873 after the Napoleonic Wars. The
61:
2179:
46:
68:
1929:
746:
586:
955:
Several other states did not comply with this footing, however. The
Southern German states settled on a lower-valued
75:
1836:
1346:
767:
35:
1841:
1826:
1352:
861:
and in 1753 to the rest of
Germany without taking measures to secure the cooperation of the other circles of the
779:
For the stronger states in Northern Germany & Austria this meant the opportunity to reissue their thaler and
763:
57:
1814:
1340:
1049:) the preferred gold currency in Northern Germany, with each pistole trading at five thalers plus a variable
1584:
1219:
927:
827:
811:
412:
395:
228:
1709:
MAIN p365. 1665: Mark=14 florin 15 kr = 14.25 fl = 9.5 thaler. 1667, Zinnaische: Mark=10.5 thalers=15.75 kr
1393:
of a Cologne Mark, or 16.704 g fine silver. After 1840, however, several North German states lowered their
865:. It restored the Reichsthaler's silver footing at a rate 10% lower than the Leipzig standard, as follows:
762:
The Leipzig currency system entered another era of crisis and fragmentation in the 18th century due to the
1831:
1334:
552:
currency standard was agreed upon in 1667 by Saxony and Brandenburg at Zinna, defining for the first time
153:
was first defined in 1667 and became widely used after adoption of the Leipzig currency standard of 1690.
1848:
1802:
1886:
1772:
276:
130:
1955:
1943:
1589:
1514:
1299:
1104:
957:
831:
806:
785:
614:
416:
401:
1666:
MAIN p 367: The Reichstag at Augsburg authorised the thaler, 8 to the mark, 14 loth 4 grs. fine =
1369:
to a Cologne Mark (or 17.539 g fine silver) after 1753. The most notable of these are as follows:
2031:
1949:
1854:
1481:
1475:
82:
329:, but little is on record with regard to the mint systems until after 1667. They were thus on a
1079:
2128:
2107:
2061:
1996:
1898:
1892:
1639:
1579:
1520:
1469:
1446:
1412:
1136:
gulden to a Mark. After the 1840s the different Northern German states fixed their respective
1041:
989:
871:
862:
853:
823:
794:
741:
605:
389:
281:
240:
141:
126:
1742:
MAIN p388. 5 thalers = Pistole, Mark/35, 21.5 karat ~6 g. In Bremen this was legal currency.
1102:
of 14 to a Cologne Mark (16.704 g fine silver). In 1837 the Southern German states fixed the
125:
was a currency used by several states of Northern Germany from 1690 to 1873, first under the
2150:
2071:
2056:
1923:
1508:
1268:
178:
156:
After the 1840s, the different North German states made their thalers equal in value to the
1697:
MAIN p 103: thaler = 1 florin 30 kreuzer = 1.5G in 1618 & after Kipper und Wipper 1623.
1045:
of 6 grams fine gold, together with double- and half-pistole coins, became (along with the
2174:
2139:
2079:
1917:
1765:
1594:
1375:
1311:
1141:
1098:
1070:
963:
858:
158:
301:
After 1630 the different North German states reconstructed their currency systems with a
836:
2019:
697:
340:. A currency trial done in 1665 indicated a lower prevailing (and unofficial) rate of
255:
1865:
2168:
2066:
2051:
2002:
1990:
1937:
1880:
1820:
1599:
1489:
Currencies whose standards differed from the North German thaler after 1690 include:
1402:
1324:
1195:
1074:
737:
164:
1464:. In 1834 Hanover phased out this stronger standard in favor of the Prussian thaler.
776:
from 8.31 g to 4.505 g silver, and the gold-silver ratio went down from 15 to 14.5.
2085:
2046:
2040:
2025:
1961:
1904:
1808:
1574:
1566:
1495:
1305:
877:
772:
642:
628:
572:
383:
335:
250:
245:
203:
135:
1978:
1545:
1419:, or about 1.2 g fine gold per thaler. It was also divided differently, into 72
24:
1285:
retained full, unlimited legal tender status until it was demonetized in 1908.
1556:
1092:
1053:(premium) after gold prices rebounded in the second half of the 18th century.
1147:
Concurrent with this switchover is a change in coin subdivisions, with the
1154:
973:
890:
655:
308:
275:, rose from 1.2 gulden after 1566 to 1.5 gulden in 1618 just before the
1415:
1406:
retained the gold standard until German unification in 1871, with five
983:
933:
797:
789:
678:
333:
currency system with some uncertainty in the thaler's value versus the
271:
265:
2102:
1788:
249:
specie as a standard silver coin of all German states, minted 9 to a
201:. This is disambiguated by referring to the full-valued coin as the
2112:
1078:
1046:
835:
745:
585:
227:
696:
At the same time this standard was introduced the gold florin or
1096:
customs union of 1834 unleashed a more vigorous adoption of the
1761:
18:
570:
to a Cologne Mark of silver, lower than the standard for the
1423:. After 1857 this standard was defined more exactly at 8.4
1757:
1193:
In 1857 all German states and Austria agreed to mint the
857:) was first introduced in 1750 to the territories of the
1730:
MAIN p392: gold florin 2 fl 56 kr in 1690; 3 fl in 1736.
967:
was also set lower at 14 to a Cologne Mark or 16.704 g.
381:
from 1667 to 1873 in grams of silver, together with the
961:
worth 24 to a Cologne Mark fine silver or 9.744 g. The
377:
Here is a summary of the evolution of standards of the
970:
Most of the North German thalers were divided into 24
1524:. They were also issued in multiple versions labeled
2095:
2012:
1971:
1873:
1795:
669:
of specie, or 12 to a Mark, or 19.488 g silver; and
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
987:. Silver coins minted for circulation include the
411:Values of the Thaler specie, North German thaler,
253:of fine silver, or 25.984 g. It was divided in 24
1293:Thaler currencies identical to the North German
189:Several old books confusingly use the same term
692:of specie, or 18 to a Mark, or 12.992 g silver.
600:thaler of Frederick Augustus I of Saxony, 1696
1773:
1546:Swiss franc#Before the Helvetic Confederation
8:
285:financial crisis destroyed the value of the
851:The Austrian Convention currency standard (
1780:
1766:
1758:
770:of 1740â1748. In 1726 France devalued the
269:. Its value versus the currency unit, the
207:and the lower-valued currency unit as the
162:; these thalers were then made par to the
139:specie or silver coin from 1566 until the
1738:
1736:
556:a North German thaler currency issued at
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1726:
1724:
1662:
1660:
1315:, though not all may be divided into 24
1267:were retired after 1873 in favor of the
1172:thaler, as well as smaller coins for 5,
1035:, and smaller coins worth 8, 4, 2 and 1
409:
1705:
1703:
1611:
700:of 2.5036 g was advanced to a value of
289:as well as Germany's financial system.
209:Reichsthaler currency (courant, kurant)
1693:
1691:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1158:. New silver coins were issued for 10
1467:Currencies of identical value to the
7:
1450:reverted to the Leipzig standard of
814:which was made official after 1753.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1543:issued in Switzerland listed here:
951:; hence 20 to a Mark, or 11.6928 g.
235:, 1575, of the Electorate of Saxony
1122:gulden to the Prussian thaler, or
818:Austrian Convention Standard, 1753
626:currency units in relation to the
168:in 1857. The various North German
149:currency unit worth less than the
14:
1911:Austrian Netherlands kronenthaler
843:, the most famous example of the
176:were all replaced in 1873 by the
1864:
1559:
880:of fine silver; hence 23.3856 g.
672:The South German & Austrian
23:
732:Unofficial Gold Standard, 1730s
34:needs additional citations for
16:Currency used from 1690 to 1873
2185:Coins of the Holy Roman Empire
1:
1930:Danish West Indian rigsdaler
1638:William Arthur Shaw (1896).
1322:Currencies identical to the
1271:, with each mark containing
645:of fine silver, or 25.984 g;
1427:per 10 grams fine gold, or
1217:. Austria also lowered its
182:at the rate of 3 marks per
2211:
2190:Modern obsolete currencies
1645:. Putnam. pp. 360â393
1347:Hesse-Kassel vereinsthaler
1328:, and all divided into 30
1068:
821:
768:War of Austrian Succession
735:
133:. Originally equal to the
2121:
1862:
1353:Mecklenburg vereinsthaler
764:War of Spanish Succession
1815:Danish West Indian daler
1341:Hanoverian vereinsthaler
810:of lower value than the
393:specie after 1753), the
2195:Early Modern currencies
2013:15th and 16th centuries
1585:Austro-Hungarian florin
1397:to match this standard.
1086:issued by Austria, 1866
928:Austro-Hungarian florin
922:to a Mark, or 17.5392 g
828:Austro-Hungarian florin
812:Austro-Hungarian florin
792:issued the 6-gram gold
758:was introduced in 1741.
413:Austro-Hungarian florin
396:Austro-Hungarian florin
1383:(Graumann footing) of
1335:Prussian vereinsthaler
1144:also at 14 to a Mark.
1087:
848:
759:
752:Friedrich d'or pistole
601:
582:Leipzig Standard, 1690
419:, in grams of silver.
236:
2180:Currencies of Germany
1849:Greenlandic rigsdaler
1803:Norwegian speciedaler
1082:
876:coin, issued 10 to a
839:
784:originally). In 1741
766:of 1700â1714 and the
749:
589:
243:first introduced the
231:
58:"North German thaler"
1887:Maria Theresa thaler
1151:now divided into 30
841:Maria Theresa Thaler
436:South German gulden
131:German Confederation
43:improve this article
1985:North German thaler
1956:Norwegian rigsdaler
1944:Hesse-Kassel thaler
1590:South German Gulden
1515:Norwegian rigsdaler
1300:Hesse-Kassel thaler
1105:South German Gulden
958:South German gulden
885:North German thaler
832:South German Gulden
807:South German gulden
786:Frederick the Great
650:North German Thaler
639:Reichsthaler Specie
615:South German gulden
610:North German thaler
608:in the form of the
430:North German thaler
420:
417:South German gulden
402:South German gulden
379:North German thaler
374:to a Cologne Mark.
233:Reichsthaler specie
204:Reichsthaler specie
151:Reichsthaler specie
123:North German thaler
2037:Swiss Confederacy
2032:Dutch rijksdaalder
1950:Mecklenburg thaler
1855:Westphalian thaler
1482:Westphalian thaler
1476:Mecklenburg thaler
1441:g gold per thaler.
1088:
849:
760:
633:coin, as follows:
602:
410:
237:
195:specie silver coin
145:crisis of 1618, a
2162:
2161:
1997:Swedish riksdaler
1899:Hanoverian thaler
1893:Conventionsthaler
1580:Conventionsthaler
1521:Swedish riksdaler
1470:Hanoverian thaler
1447:Hanoverian thaler
1381:Graumannscher FuĂ
1259:All North German
990:Conventionsthaler
949:Conventionsthaler
906:Conventionsthaler
872:Conventionsthaler
863:Holy Roman Empire
845:Conventionsthaler
824:Conventionsthaler
641:is issued 9 to a
618:. It defined the
606:Holy Roman Empire
536:
535:
390:Conventionsthaler
282:Kipper und Wipper
277:Thirty Years' War
241:Holy Roman Empire
142:Kipper und Wipper
127:Holy Roman Empire
119:
118:
111:
93:
2202:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2133:
2127:
1924:Danish rigsdaler
1868:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1731:
1728:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1698:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1635:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1509:Danish rigsdaler
1459:
1458:
1454:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1269:German gold mark
1250:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1140:at par with the
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
946:
945:
941:
921:
920:
916:
913:
903:
902:
898:
727:
726:
722:
719:
713:
712:
708:
705:
691:
690:
686:
668:
667:
663:
599:
598:
594:
569:
568:
564:
561:
421:
370:
369:
365:
362:
353:
352:
348:
345:
325:
324:
320:
317:
263:divided into 12
179:German gold mark
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2117:
2091:
2080:Stolberg thaler
2008:
1967:
1918:Prussian thaler
1869:
1860:
1791:
1786:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1701:
1696:
1689:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1613:
1608:
1595:Prussian thaler
1565:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1376:Prussian thaler
1365:
1361:
1360:
1312:Stolberg thaler
1291:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1257:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1142:Prussian thaler
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1099:Prussian thaler
1077:
1071:Prussian thaler
1067:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1007:
1003:
1000:
998:
964:Prussian Thaler
943:
939:
938:
918:
914:
911:
909:
900:
896:
895:
859:Austrian Empire
834:
820:
744:
734:
724:
720:
717:
715:
710:
706:
703:
701:
688:
684:
683:
665:
661:
660:
652:currency of 24
596:
592:
591:
584:
566:
562:
559:
557:
546:
433:Austrian gulden
367:
363:
360:
358:
350:
346:
343:
341:
331:de facto thaler
322:
318:
315:
313:
299:
226:
217:
197:as well as the
159:Prussian thaler
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2134:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2020:Reichsguldiner
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1656:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1533:
1504:
1487:
1486:
1465:
1462:mariengroschen
1442:
1413:Friedrich d'or
1398:
1332:, include the
1330:silbergroschen
1290:
1287:
1265:Vereinsthalers
1256:
1253:
1188:silbergroschen
1160:silbergroschen
1066:
1055:
953:
952:
923:
881:
854:KonventionsfuĂ
819:
816:
795:Friedrich d'or
773:livre tournois
742:Friedrich d'or
733:
730:
698:Rhenish gulden
694:
693:
670:
646:
583:
580:
545:
544:Standard, 1667
539:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
527:
524:
522:
518:
517:
514:
511:
508:
506:
502:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
485:
484:
481:
478:
475:
473:
469:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
452:
451:
449:
447:
444:
442:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
298:
291:
225:
218:
216:
213:
174:vereinsthalers
129:, then by the
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2207:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:See also
2094:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2003:Wechselthaler
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:Speciesthaler
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:Danzig thaler
1936:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:Bremen thaler
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:Vereinsthaler
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1644:
1643:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1600:Vereinsthaler
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1403:Bremen thaler
1399:
1396:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1325:Vereinsthaler
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1283:Vereinsthaler
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:Gold Standard
1254:
1252:
1236:
1235:Vereinsthaler
1222:
1221:
1216:
1198:
1197:
1196:Vereinsthaler
1191:
1189:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1084:Vereinsthaler
1081:
1076:
1075:Vereinsthaler
1072:
1064:
1063:Vereinsthaler
1060:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1017:
1013:
996:
992:
991:
986:
985:
980:
976:
975:
968:
966:
965:
960:
959:
950:
936:
935:
930:
929:
924:
907:
893:
892:
886:
882:
879:
875:
873:
868:
867:
866:
864:
860:
856:
855:
846:
842:
838:
833:
829:
825:
817:
815:
813:
809:
808:
802:
800:
799:
796:
791:
787:
782:
777:
775:
774:
769:
765:
757:
753:
750:The Prussian
748:
743:
739:
738:Bremen thaler
731:
729:
699:
681:
680:
675:
671:
658:
657:
651:
647:
644:
640:
636:
635:
634:
632:
630:
625:
621:
617:
616:
611:
607:
588:
581:
579:
576:
574:
555:
551:
543:
540:
531:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
515:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:
482:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
435:
432:
429:
427:Thaler specie
426:
423:
422:
418:
414:
408:
407:
406:
404:
403:
398:
397:
392:
391:
386:
385:
380:
375:
373:
356:
339:
337:
332:
328:
311:
310:
304:
296:
293:Lower-valued
292:
290:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
242:
234:
230:
223:
219:
214:
212:
210:
206:
205:
200:
199:currency unit
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
167:
166:
165:Vereinsthaler
161:
160:
154:
152:
148:
144:
143:
138:
137:
132:
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: â
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2154:}}
2148:{{
2143:}}
2137:{{
2132:}}
2126:{{
2086:Wendenthaler
2026:Reichsthaler
1984:
1972:17th century
1962:Saxon thaler
1905:Kronenthaler
1874:18th century
1837:Hesse-Kassel
1809:Baden thaler
1796:19th century
1747:
1714:
1647:. Retrieved
1640:
1575:Reichsthaler
1567:Money portal
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1500:
1496:Hamburg mark
1494:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1473:include the
1468:
1461:
1445:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1380:
1379:adopted the
1374:
1358:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:gutegroschen
1316:
1310:
1306:Saxon thaler
1304:
1298:
1297:include the
1294:
1292:
1282:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1040:
1037:gutegroschen
1036:
1032:
1020:gutegroschen
1019:
1015:
1011:
995:gutegroschen
994:
988:
982:
981:equal to 12
979:gutegroschen
978:
977:, with each
971:
969:
962:
956:
954:
948:
932:
926:
905:
888:
884:
878:Cologne Mark
870:
852:
850:
844:
840:
805:
803:
793:
780:
778:
771:
761:
755:
751:
695:
677:
673:
653:
649:
643:Cologne Mark
638:
629:Reichsthaler
627:
623:
619:
613:
609:
603:
573:Reichsthaler
571:
553:
549:
547:
541:
483:0.68 g gold
400:
394:
388:
384:Reichsthaler
382:
378:
376:
371:
354:
336:Reichsthaler
334:
330:
326:
306:
302:
300:
294:
286:
280:
270:
264:
261:gutegroschen
260:
259:, with each
256:gutegroschen
254:
251:Cologne Mark
246:Reichsthaler
244:
239:In 1566 the
238:
232:
222:Reichsthaler
221:
208:
202:
198:
194:
191:Reichsthaler
190:
188:
183:
177:
173:
169:
163:
157:
155:
150:
146:
140:
136:Reichsthaler
134:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1979:Bancothaler
1926:(late 18C)
1827:Mecklenburg
1501:LĂŒbeck mark
387:specie (or
2169:Categories
2082:(late 15C)
2062:St. Gallen
2034:(late 16C)
1958:(late 18C)
1642:Well-being
1606:References
1093:Zollverein
1069:See also:
1065:after 1840
822:See also:
736:See also:
714:gulden or
590:Gulden or
542:Zinnaische
480:0.8 g gold
477:1.2 g gold
297:after 1630
69:newspapers
2057:Solothurn
1668:14
1057:Prussian
1018:worth 16
993:worth 32
550:Zinnasche
305:worth 24
2129:Groschen
1842:Hannover
1553:See also
1499:and the
1479:and the
1155:groschen
974:groschen
908:; hence
891:groschen
869:The new
754:worth 5
656:groschen
612:and the
399:and the
309:groschen
193:for the
99:May 2021
2151:Pfennig
1907:(1755)
1832:Prussia
1823:(1857)
1683:
1649:22 June
1541:thalers
1530:courant
1526:species
1455:⁄
1436:⁄
1425:thalers
1416:pistole
1408:thalers
1395:thalers
1388:⁄
1364:⁄
1276:⁄
1261:thalers
1246:⁄
1233:of the
1228:⁄
1208:⁄
1181:⁄
1167:⁄
1138:thalers
1131:⁄
1117:⁄
1042:pistole
1027:⁄
1016:guldens
1012:thalers
1006:⁄
984:pfennig
942:⁄
934:kreuzer
917:⁄
899:⁄
798:pistole
790:Prussia
756:thalers
723:⁄
709:⁄
687:⁄
679:kreuzer
664:⁄
595:⁄
565:⁄
554:de jure
491:23.3856
467:12.992
366:⁄
349:⁄
321:⁄
272:guilder
266:pfennig
215:History
170:thalers
83:scholar
2175:Thaler
2140:Gulden
2103:Dollar
2072:ZĂŒrich
2067:Valais
2052:Geneva
2043:(1542)
2028:(1566)
2022:(1559)
2005:(1670)
1999:(1604)
1993:(1622)
1987:(1690)
1981:(1619)
1964:(18C?)
1952:(18C?)
1946:(18C?)
1940:(18C?)
1932:(1784)
1920:(1750)
1901:(1754)
1895:(1754)
1889:(1741)
1883:(1740)
1857:(1807)
1851:(1874)
1817:(1849)
1811:(1821)
1805:(1816)
1789:Thaler
1295:thaler
1220:gulden
1215:thaler
1186:and 1
1162:worth
1153:silber
1149:thaler
1059:Thaler
1039:. The
1033:thaler
931:of 60
887:of 24
874:specie
847:, 1776
830:, and
781:gulden
676:of 60
674:Gulden
631:specie
624:gulden
620:thaler
575:specie
532:9.524
529:11.111
526:16.667
516:9.545
513:11.693
510:16.704
500:9.744
497:11.693
494:17.539
464:12.992
461:19.488
458:25.984
446:22.272
415:&
372:thaler
355:gulden
338:specie
327:gulden
303:Thaler
295:thaler
287:gulden
224:specie
184:thaler
147:thaler
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2113:Tolar
2088:(16C)
2074:(16C)
2047:Berne
2041:Basel
1421:grote
1410:to a
1289:Other
1047:ducat
90:JSTOR
76:books
2108:TÄlÄ
1651:2021
1539:and
1537:Ă©cus
1535:All
1518:and
1506:The
1493:The
1444:The
1400:The
1373:The
1350:and
1309:and
1263:and
1073:and
1061:and
1051:agio
972:gute
925:The
889:gute
883:The
740:and
654:gute
648:The
637:The
622:and
548:The
521:1857
505:1840
488:1753
472:1741
455:1690
441:1667
424:Year
307:gute
279:and
220:The
172:and
121:The
62:news
1528:or
1278:279
1274:100
1251:g.
1237:or
1223:to
1199:of
1108:at
1022:or
997:or
947:of
904:of
788:of
682:is
659:is
357:or
312:or
45:by
2171::
1735:^
1723:^
1702:^
1690:^
1680:18
1659:^
1614:^
1512:,
1457:12
1438:21
1390:14
1356:.
1344:,
1338:,
1319:.
1303:,
1239:11
1201:16
1190:.
1124:24
1014:;
937:=
910:13
894:=
826:,
725:24
721:23
711:60
707:56
558:10
405:.
342:14
211:.
186:.
1781:e
1774:t
1767:v
1677:/
1674:4
1670:+
1653:.
1532:.
1503:.
1485:.
1453:1
1434:4
1431:+
1429:1
1386:1
1366:3
1362:1
1248:9
1244:1
1241:+
1230:3
1226:2
1210:3
1206:2
1203:+
1183:2
1179:1
1176:+
1174:2
1169:3
1165:1
1133:2
1129:1
1126:+
1119:4
1115:3
1112:+
1110:1
1029:3
1025:2
1008:3
1004:1
1001:+
999:1
944:2
940:1
919:3
915:1
912:+
901:4
897:3
718:+
716:1
704:+
702:2
689:2
685:1
666:4
662:3
597:3
593:2
567:2
563:1
560:+
368:2
364:1
361:+
359:9
351:4
347:1
344:+
323:2
319:1
316:+
314:1
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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