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116:, who had been chancellor since 1862. While the national liberals of Prussia urged him to force a national constitution on the smaller states of Northern and Central Germany, Bismarck had the intention to spare their feelings and to create the new state based on formal agreements. It was also a signal to the South German states, which Bismarck wanted to incorporate later. Bismarck drafted the constitution, which was changed by the allied governments and by the Reichstag, the North German parliament.
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101:, which formally ended the Austro-Prussian War. Initially, the treaty bound the parties into a military alliance and an agreement to negotiate the creation of a formal federation. The treaty specified that if no agreement on confederation had been reached by August 1867, the duty to negotiate would expire after one year.
106:
Treaty of
Alliance between Anhalt, Bremen, Brunswick, Hamburg, Lippe, Lübeck, Oldenburg, Prussia, Reuss-Schleitz, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the Grand Duchy of Saxony, Schaumberg-Lippe, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, and Waldeck and Pyrmont, signed at Berlin on 18 August
489:
The Grand Duchy of Hesse signed a treaty with
Prussia on 3 September 1866 whereby Hesse agreed that its northern territories be included in the North German Confederation. Ratifications of the treaty were exchanged on 12 September
656:
616:
611:
480:
The two
Mecklenburgs signed a separate treaty with Prussia on 21 August 1866 which allowed them to join the Confederation. Ratifications for this treaty were exchanged on 10 September 1866.
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499:
Reuss-Greiz signed a separate treaty with
Prussia on 26 September 1866 which allowed it to join the Confederation. Ratifications for this treaty were exchanged on 11 October 1866.
636:
631:
571:
77:
The German states involved arranged the election of a North German parliament in
February 1867. The parliament on the one hand, and the governments on the other, agreed on a
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At the same time, the original East
Prussian cradle of the Prussian statehood as well as the Prussian-held Polish- or Kashubian-speaking territories of
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352:
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was not formally a member of the treaty, but it was implicated in the agreement because its duke was, from 1865, the
Prussian king.
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85:. The August treaty of 1866, therefore, can be seen as the first legal document that established the modern German nation state.
128:
was the dominant party to the treaty. The other parties to the treaty pledged their military forces under the command of the
73:
an agreement to transform the alliance into a nation state, based on the
Prussian reform plan for the German Confederation
81:
on 1 July 1867. This
Confederation, a federal state, was expanded in 1870–71 with the south German states and became the
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The following states signed the treaty on 18 August and submitted ratifications on 8 September 1866:
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The following states submitted ratifications or accessions to the agreement at dates later in 1866:
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451:. 1st volume: Gesamtdeutschland, Anhaltische Staaten und Baden, Springer, Berlin 2006, p. 1124.
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51:. This treaty, and others that followed in September and October, are often described as the
536:(Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana, 1969) vol. 133, pp. 39–48 (text of treaty in German and English).
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Deutsches
Verfassungsrecht 1806–1918. Eine Dokumentensammlung nebst Einführungen
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43:
and other northern and central German states that initially created the
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185:
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94:
36:
55:, although not all of them were concluded in August 1866.
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on 18 August 1866, between the preliminary and the final
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The full name of the treaty, translated to English, is
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Treaties of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
617:
Treaties of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
612:
Treaties of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
464:Volume III: Bismarck und das Reich. Third edition,
16:1866 treaty forming the North German Confederation
66:of 1815 was dissolved. The treaties established:
667:Treaties of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
541:Bismarck and the Foundation of the German Empire
79:constitution for the North German Confederation
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474:
8:
637:Treaties of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz
632:Treaties of the Principality of Reuss-Gera
572:Treaties of the North German Confederation
27:, or Alliance of August) (also called the
517:Acceded to the treaty on 21 October 1866.
462:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789.
508:Acceded to the treaty on 8 October 1866.
99:peace treaty between Austria and Prussia
652:Treaties of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
642:Treaties of the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
440:
677:Treaties of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
602:Treaties of the Principality of Lippe
7:
597:Treaties of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
567:Military alliances involving Prussia
431:were formally annexed into Germany.
112:The leading Prussian politician was
607:Treaties of the Free City of Lübeck
353:Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
341:Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
672:Treaties of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
627:Treaties of the Kingdom of Prussia
622:Treaties of the Duchy of Oldenburg
587:Treaties of the Duchy of Brunswick
47:, which was the forerunner to the
14:
662:Treaties of the Kingdom of Saxony
647:Treaties of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
543:(New York: Putnam, 1899), ch. 12.
21:North German Confederation Treaty
692:1866 in the German Confederation
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62:of Summer 1866, after which the
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562:19th-century military alliances
29:North German Federation Treaty
1:
682:Treaties of Waldeck (state)
377:Principality of Reuss-Greiz
713:
582:Treaties of Bremen (state)
533:Consolidated Treaty Series
468:, Stuttgart 1988, p. 644.
243:Principality of Reuss-Gera
58:The treaties followed the
45:North German Confederation
312:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
93:The treaty was signed at
539:James Wycliffe Headlam,
425:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
220:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
70:a military alliance, and
33:Treaty of 18 August 1866
389:Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
322:Principality of Waldeck
255:Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
302:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
368:(northern parts only)
267:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
196:Principality of Lippe
460:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
366:Grand Duchy of Hesse
280:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
89:Signing and contents
64:German Confederation
592:Treaties of Hamburg
208:Free City of Lübeck
60:Austro-Prussian War
697:August 1866 events
530:Clive Parry (ed),
410:Duchy of Lauenburg
233:Kingdom of Prussia
173:Duchy of Brunswick
126:Kingdom of Prussia
41:Kingdom of Prussia
466:Kohlhammer Verlag
447:Michael Kotulla:
417:Province of Posen
402:Kingdom of Saxony
114:Otto von Bismarck
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49:German Empire
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25:Augustbündnis
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39:between the
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23:(in German
551:Categories
525:References
35:) was the
31:and the
429:Draheim
186:Hamburg
120:Parties
423:, the
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277:
230:
183:
161:Bremen
158:
95:Berlin
37:treaty
490:1866.
435:Notes
427:and
408:The
124:The
107:1866
19:The
132:.
553::
473:^
419:,
109:.
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