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761:, and other types of grassland flora. Forests in the river valley contrast other forests in the region, which are more aspen and balsam poplar-heavy dominant; whereas forests in the river valley typically hold a larger amount of black and white spruces. Other types of plants found in the river valley include
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of the trail system by 2024. An "overarching name" for the
Regional Trail system was devised in 2020 between the RVA and the municipal governments. Several hectares of private land were also acquired by the municipal government in 2008 in order to "bridge the gaps" between the river valley's trail system.
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The river valley holds more than 160 kilometres (99 mi) of maintained trails that loosely connect the parks together. However, only 90.6 kilometres (56.3 mi) of the trails are paved. Portions of the network are disconnected, although the RVA plans to fully connect 75 kilometres (47 mi)
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By the 1920s, the only developments in the river valley in
Edmonton were dumps, golf courses, gravel pits, sewage plants, transportation corridors, and other low-intensity developments like parks. The last coal mine in the river valley was closed in 1970. During the mid-20th century, proposals to use
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Archaeological sites from around the area suggest that the First
Nations have used the resources found in the North Saskatchewan River valley for thousands of years, and may have even modified the river valley to a certain degree. The vegetation found in the river valley changed dramatically from the
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Although sections of the river valley are made up of public parks, portions of it are also held under private ownership. As of 2020, the RVA continues to pursue the acquisition of private land around the river valley in order to fulfill the vision of an uninterrupted, connected trail system. Private
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although small sections of it are forested. There are 22 ravines associated with the river valley. Within the city of
Edmonton, the river valley and its 14 associated ravines cuts at a depth of 100 to 150 metres (330 to 490 ft). Soil flows are not uncommon along the slopes of the unstable river
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Among the various municipally-maintained parks in
Edmonton, the ones located in the river valley hold the highest availability of washrooms and picnic sites. The majority of the parks in the river valley have trails that connect to other areas of the park system. The river valley also holds a number
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The North
Saskatchewan River Valley park system, including its associated ravines, holds over 30 urban parks forming a part of the larger park system. Collectively, these parks form the largest municipally-operated urban park and the largest contiguous area of urban parkland in the country. The park
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as a recreational area. In 1933, the City of
Edmonton passed a local bylaw to regulate land use and to preserve the river valley as parkland. The city underwent another period where it acquiring private river valley properties from the 1950s to the 1970s. In 1970, the City of Edmonton passed a bylaw
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proposed that the city should take advantage of the natural space provided by the river valley. Acting upon Todd's advice, the City of
Edmonton acquired over 100 properties in the river valley to be used as parklands between 1907 and 1931. In 1915, the provincial government adopted a report by Todd
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in 1907, although the formation of a park system did not take shape until the late 20th century. In 1996, the River Valley
Alliance (RVA) was formed to coordinate the development of the park system across the metropolitan region. Although large portions of the river valley are public parkland, some
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The North
Saskatchewan River valley is one of the few remaining natural areas in the region, with other portions of the metropolitan area having been industrialized or urbanized. The river valley has undergone changes due to past human developments; although the depth and slope of the river valley
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trees, although most of these trees were logged during the 19th century. As a result, the majority of the trees that stand in the river valley date after 1900. During this period a number of non-native fruit and vegetable species, shrubs, and trees were introduced into the river system. The river
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The North Saskatchewan River valley park system extends approximately 88 kilometres (55 mi) and encompasses over 7,300 hectares (18,000 acres) of land; although the river valley itself holds 3,556.4 hectares (8,788 acres) of dedicated parkland. Most of the park system surrounds the
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Along with the provincial and federal governments, the RVA led the development of several plans for the park, including a concept plan in 1998, a trail plan in 2000, an updated concept plan in 2003, and a plan of action in 2007. The latter plan being a
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was conceived during the early 1990s. In 1996, an ad hoc group of volunteers known as the River Valley Alliance (RVA) was formed from municipalities in the metropolitan area that the river passed through, including Devon, Edmonton, Fort Saskatchewan,
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varies between 160 and 250 m/s in May to its peak flow of 250–500 m/s during the summer; making its conditions unsuitable for swimming, although optimal for canoeing, kayaking, and rafting. The river flows across Alberta and Saskatchewan towards
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600:. However, concerns were raised that higher visitation rates to the river valley, along with the continued urban developments within it, may cause disruption of local wildlife, and threaten the long-term health of the river valley.
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encompasses over 7,300 hectares (18,000 acres) of parkland, making it the largest contiguous area of urban parkland in the country. The park system is made up of over 30 provincial and municipal parks situated around the river from
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Shortly after the plans for the highway were abandoned in 1974, the provincial government created the Capital City Recreation Park, a park system that encompassed several river valley parks, including the Dawson,
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The North Saskatchewan River valley helps support a high level of biodiversity. A comprehensive survey of the river valley's fauna and flora does not exist, although it was estimated that there are at least 325
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the river valley for a highway network were submitted, with work on the freeway beginning at MacKinnon Ravine Park. However, the plan to build the highway was abandoned by 1974 due to public opposition.
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species, 50 types of mosses, and 40 lichen species. It is estimated that there are 150 bird species, 50 mammal species, 27 fish species, and seven amphibian and reptile species in the river valley.
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A number of public parks and golf courses are located in the river valley. In addition to its recreational uses, the river valley is also used to provide a number of ecological services, including
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693:' Gold Bar Wastewater Treatment Plant. Additionally there exist several thousand properties and residential homes that are situated within 50 metres (160 ft) of the river valley.
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that defined the river valley and ravines and regulated developments close to the river valley, and created a long-term policy with the aim to purchase additional river valley lands.
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parks. During this period, small pieces of land were acquired to complete the trail system planned by the municipal and provincial government; connecting Hermitage Park and the
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is primarily made up of wetland habitats with grass, sedges, and willows; although in select areas, the forests will extend to the river's edge.
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As of 2007, it was estimated that 10 million guests visit the river valley annually, making it the second most visited site in Alberta after the
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in the 1920s as resources began to flow into the city from further distances; allowing for the river valley's ecosystem to reestablish itself.
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sections of the river valley are privately owned. In addition to the park system, the river valley is also used by the metropolitan area for
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The river itself is also viewed as a water trail for watercrafts and serves as the binding feature of the park system. The river's
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Industrial developments in the river valley occurred during the late 19th and early 20th century, after the establishment of
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1566:"Urban residents' approval of management measures to mitigate wildland–urban interface fire risks in Edmonton, Canada"
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and European farmers; who also harvested trees for lumber, and used the valley as a grazing area for their livestock.
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were built in locations where highways cross the river valley. Animals commonly found in the river valley includes
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for animals to travel to other conservation areas. Because the river valley serves as a wildlife corridor, several
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form the North Saskatchewan River valley parks system. Municipal parks that form a part of the system include:
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The location of the present post-glacial river valley was created as a result of ice-marginal deposition.
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1201:"Effects of dog leash laws and habitat type on avian and small mammal communities in urban parks"
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helped to limit the degree of developments within it. Most of the river valley is made up of
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851:"River erosion and bank stabilization - North Saskatchewan River, Edmonton, Alberta"
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that have made their way into Edmonton usually arrive via the river valley system.
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169:. The introduction of non-native vegetation may be attributed to the arrival of
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Victoria Golf Course, a municipally-operated golf course in the river valley
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Coyotes Still Sing in My Valley: Conserving Biodiversity in a Northern City
1752:"A Plan of Action for the Capital Region River Valley Park: Summary Report"
704:. Taken together, it is estimated the river valley provides approximately
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1722:"Cougar numbers and encounters on the rise in Alberta: ecology expert"
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valley. In years with low snow and rainfall, fires are more common.
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late 1700s to the 1900s, partly owing to climatic change during the
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408:, as well as downtown Edmonton. The park is mostly located in the
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350 million to $ 650 million in services to the region per year.
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system encompasses over 7,300 hectares (18,000 acres) of land.
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931:"A brief history of Edmonton's river valley and ravine system"
1845:
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in the background. The river cuts northeast through the city.
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1366:"Annual Report 2020: Proudly Connecting Your River Valley"
1539:"Wastewater treatment plant to expand into Gold Bar Park"
316:
The North Saskatchewan River from Dawson Park, March 2017
133:'s riverfront were first proposed by landscape architect
304:
605-million plan to develop a metropolitan park system.
245:. The trail system was later extended to other parks in
3395:
Edmonton City Hall with the CN Tower in the background
1728:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 September 2015
1508:
1506:
1473:"Conserving Edmonton's River Valley and Ravine System"
271:
A plan to unite the various parks that surrounded the
266:
North Saskatchewan River Valley Area Redevelopment Act
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to restrict developments around the river valley from
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Forrest, Andrew; St. Clair, Colleen (26 April 2006).
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126:, with trails connecting most of the parks together.
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valley presently support a variety of flora such as
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2707:
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2419:
1988:
1950:
1907:
1133:. Postmedia Network. 5 January 2008. Archived from
75:
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21:
249:. In 1976, the provincial government also issued
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1405:
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183:along the North Saskatchewan River, October 1870
736:The river valley was historically dominated by
689:facilities located in the river valley include
224:to protect the river valley and its associated
937:. Edmonton River Valley Conservation Coalition
849:Thomson, S.; Townsend, D. L. (10 April 1979).
3257:
2685:
1885:
1775:"City of Edmonton Biodiversity Report - 2008"
1259:. Edmonton Real Estate Weekly. Archived from
8:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1121:
1119:
87:North Saskatchewan River valley parks system
22:North Saskatchewan River valley parks system
3363:Strathcona Canadian Pacific Railway Station
1156:
1154:
1152:
264:In 1985, the city of Edmonton approved the
3264:
3250:
3242:
2692:
2678:
2670:
2615:Scandia Eastern Irrigation District Museum
1892:
1878:
1870:
1282:"Terwillegar Park | City of Edmonton"
18:
1932:Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
1798:"Ribbon of Green Recreational Assessment"
1089:. River Valley Alliance. 2021. p. 16
38:The North Saskatchewan River valley from
3087:Northern Alberta Institute of Technology
2517:Canadian Grain Elevator Discovery Center
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
841:
129:Proposals to create a large park along
16:Urban park network in Edmonton, Alberta
2812:North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915
1375:. River Valley Alliance. February 2021
1127:"Filling a gap in valley trail system"
732:in the North Saskatchewan River valley
474:Henrietta Muir Edwards/Rafters Landing
2775:2001 World Championships in Athletics
612:Paved trails at MacKinnon Ravine Park
581:of recreational facilities including
7:
2479:University of Alberta Botanic Garden
1684:
1643:
1631:
1616:
1512:
1497:
1009:
977:
902:
871:
49:
555:): located on the east bank of the
27:Ribbon of Green, River Valley Parks
3801:Lists of municipal parks in Canada
2625:Spruce Grove Grain Elevator Museum
1807:. City of Edmonton. September 2017
655:The North Saskatchewan River with
342:Strathcona Science Provincial Park
332:Terwillegar Park in mid-September.
14:
3077:List of Universities and colleges
412:neighborhood; it contains public
1537:Ryan, Sarah (26 February 2018).
97:, is a continuous collection of
59:
32:
3821:Tourist attractions in Edmonton
3712:more malls and shopping centres
2459:North Saskatchewan River Valley
1479:. Sierra Club Canada Foundation
1257:"The Flats Named for Gallagher"
1255:Herzog, Lawrence (2003-07-13).
492:Louise McKinney Riverfront Park
456:and is the site for the annual
74:
2929:Alberta's Industrial Heartland
2630:St. Albert Grain Elevator Park
2507:Alberta Central Railway Museum
2261:Peter Lougheed Provincial Park
1:
3811:Canyons and gorges of Alberta
2620:South Peace Centennial Museum
1942:Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai’pi
1917:Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
1761:. River Valley Alliance. 2007
1471:Guo, Rui Lin (25 June 2016).
1029:. River Valley Alliance. 2021
855:Canadian Geotechnical Journal
776:The river valley serves as a
219:In 1907, landscape architect
79:7,300 hectares (18,000 acres)
1994:wildlands & wildernesses
1927:Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
1573:Landscape and Urban Planning
458:Edmonton Folk Music Festival
449:): It is named after former
340:Several municipal parks and
324:Edmonton Folk Music Festival
277:Edmonton Metropolitan Region
145:Most of the river valley is
107:Edmonton Metropolitan Region
65:Edmonton Metropolitan Region
3343:Queen Elizabeth Planetarium
1866:- City of Fort Saskatchewan
3842:
3735:Chinatown and Little Italy
3537:Edmonton Convention Centre
3204:Canadian Forces Base (CFB)
2570:Heritage Acres Farm Museum
2560:Galt Historic Railway Park
1937:Wood Buffalo National Park
1901:Protected areas in Alberta
1590:River Valley Alliance 2007
1525:River Valley Alliance 2007
1459:River Valley Alliance 2007
1444:River Valley Alliance 2007
1419:"North Saskatchewan River"
1394:River Valley Alliance 2007
1348:River Valley Alliance 2007
1333:River Valley Alliance 2007
1111:River Valley Alliance 2007
1080:"Strategic Plan 2021–2024"
644:
203:Formation of a park system
3696:Premium Outlet Collection
3655:River valley parks system
3462:Ukrainian Canadian Museum
3388:
3273:Attractions and landmarks
2658:Provincial historic sites
2595:Remington Carriage Museum
1220:10.1007/s11252-006-7903-3
798:North American porcupines
153:by a variety of animals.
46:
31:
26:
3806:North Saskatchewan River
2887:North Saskatchewan River
1922:Dinosaur Provincial Park
1784:. City of Edmonton. 2008
1425:. City of Edmonton. 2021
1168:. City of Edmonton. 2016
767:Saskatoon serviceberries
666:North Saskatchewan River
557:North Saskatchewan River
521:Sir Wilfrid Laurier Park
406:North Saskatchewan River
273:North Saskatchewan River
103:North Saskatchewan River
3816:River valleys of Canada
3412:Alberta Aviation Museum
2770:1983 Summer Universiade
2765:1978 Commonwealth Games
2651:National historic sites
2590:Prairie Elevator Museum
2521:Canadian Tractor Museum
2116:Dry Island Buffalo Jump
700:, erosion control, and
3457:Telus World of Science
3422:Art Gallery of Alberta
3417:Alberta Railway Museum
3396:
1820:Wein, Ross W. (2006).
733:
685:
660:
633:, and eventually into
613:
333:
325:
317:
216:
184:
3750:South Edmonton Common
3394:
3187:International airport
3102:University of Alberta
2904:William Hawrelak Park
2867:Edmonton Metro Region
2316:Sir Winston Churchill
2051:Canmore Nordic Centre
1846:River Valley Alliance
1824:. Spotted Cow Press.
1709:City of Edmonton 2008
1697:City of Edmonton 2008
1673:City of Edmonton 2008
1661:City of Edmonton 2008
1602:City of Edmonton 2008
1545:. Corus Entertainment
1406:City of Edmonton 2017
1321:City of Edmonton 2017
1304:City of Edmonton 2017
1187:City of Edmonton 2008
1067:City of Edmonton 2008
1055:City of Edmonton 2017
995:City of Edmonton 2008
961:City of Edmonton 2008
830:Urban parks in Canada
769:. The river valley's
727:
702:stormwater management
683:
654:
647:Geography of Edmonton
645:Further information:
611:
574:William Hawrelak Park
496:MacKinnon Ravine Park
471:Government House Park
373:Forest Heights Park (
331:
323:
315:
210:
179:
140:stormwater management
3592:Snow Valley Ski Club
3547:Edmonton Soccer Dome
3532:Commonwealth Stadium
3452:Royal Alberta Museum
3447:Muttart Conservatory
3194:Anthony Henday Drive
2737:Notable Edmontonians
2454:Muttart Conservatory
2206:Lois Hole Centennial
1909:World Heritage Sites
1564:McGee, Tara (2007).
1162:"River Valley Parks"
806:plains garter snakes
802:pileated woodpeckers
698:carbon sequestration
507:Queen Elizabeth Park
404:): it overlooks the
392:53.5435°N 113.4598°W
89:, also known as the
3562:Kinsmen Field House
3167:Transportation and
2785:City Centre Airport
2640:Warner elevator row
2525:Cold Lake Air Force
2469:Oldman River Valley
2439:Edmonton Valley Zoo
2381:Willmore Wilderness
2266:Pierre Grey's Lakes
1853:- City of Edmonton
730:pileated woodpecker
539: /
504:Nellie McClung Park
454:Cornelius Gallagher
433: /
388: /
3826:Trans Canada Trail
3796:Valleys of Alberta
3706:West Edmonton Mall
3649:Strathcona Science
3610:more sports venues
3567:Jubilee Auditorium
3432:Fort Edmonton Park
3427:Edmonton Riverboat
3397:
3374:heritage buildings
3082:MacEwan University
2961:West Edmonton Mall
2877:Metropolitan areas
2802:Heritage buildings
2580:Krause Milling Co.
2540:Fort Edmonton Park
2474:Pearce Estate Park
2371:William A. Switzer
2326:Strathcona Science
2181:Kananaskis Country
1851:River Valley Parks
1236:. City of Edmonton
1137:on 3 November 2012
1023:"Founding the RVA"
782:wildlife crossings
734:
686:
661:
614:
598:West Edmonton Mall
543:53.481°N 113.614°W
524:Terwillegar Park (
437:53.534°N 113.472°W
397:53.5435; -113.4598
334:
326:
318:
217:
185:
95:River Valley Parks
3791:Parks in Edmonton
3778:
3777:
3603:more music venues
3542:Edmonton Ski Club
3522:Clare Drake Arena
3381:tallest buildings
3239:
3238:
3067:List of libraries
2966:Tallest buildings
2667:
2666:
2635:Ukrainian Village
2406:Wyndham-Carseland
2191:Lesser Slave Lake
2056:Caribou Mountains
1759:rivervalley.ab.ca
1477:www.sierraclub.ca
1373:rivervalley.ab.ca
1087:rivervalley.ab.ca
1027:rivervalley.ab.ca
814:white-tailed deer
790:great horned owls
778:wildlife corridor
753:, balsam poplar,
657:downtown Edmonton
567:West River's Edge
500:Mill Creek Ravine
480:Irene Parlby Park
367:Emily Murphy Park
290:Strathcona County
259:Fort Saskatchewan
251:Orders-in-Council
243:High Level Bridge
237:, Hermitage, and
151:wildlife corridor
124:Fort Saskatchewan
83:
82:
3833:
3673:Shopping centres
3502:Argyll Velodrome
3485:more attractions
3353:Rutherford House
3318:Government House
3293:Churchill Square
3266:
3259:
3252:
3243:
3062:Catholic schools
2949:PCL Construction
2844:Mindbender crash
2817:Princess Theatre
2726:Edmonton Journal
2701:City of Edmonton
2694:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2434:Devonian Gardens
2401:Writing-on-Stone
2306:Saskatoon Island
2016:Big Hill Springs
1990:Provincial parks
1894:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1857:Terwillegar Park
1835:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1779:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1756:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1718:
1712:
1711:, p. 22–24.
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1647:
1646:, p. 92–93.
1641:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1614:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1370:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1307:
1301:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1208:Urban Ecosystems
1205:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1158:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1123:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1007:
998:
992:
981:
975:
964:
958:
947:
946:
944:
942:
927:
906:
900:
875:
869:
863:
862:
846:
554:
553:
551:
550:
549:
548:53.481; -113.614
544:
540:
537:
536:
535:
532:
448:
447:
445:
444:
443:
442:53.534; -113.472
438:
434:
431:
430:
429:
426:
418:Gallagher Park (
403:
402:
400:
399:
398:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
355:Buena Vista Park
349:Allan Stein Park
36:
19:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3726:
3724:
3717:
3667:
3615:
3597:Winspear Centre
3517:Citadel Theatre
3512:Castrol Raceway
3490:
3472:World Waterpark
3398:
3386:
3338:McLeod Building
3323:Hotel Macdonald
3279:
3270:
3240:
3235:
3219:Transit service
3214:Railway station
3168:
3161:
3118:
3072:List of schools
3048:
3016:Public services
3010:
2970:
2944:EPCOR Utilities
2915:
2892:Ribbon of Green
2848:
2807:Hotel Macdonald
2751:
2703:
2698:
2668:
2663:
2530:Ellis Bird Farm
2512:Atlas Coal Mine
2497:
2488:
2449:Mill Woods Park
2415:
2281:Queen Elizabeth
2176:Kinbrook Island
2146:Gooseberry Lake
2071:Castle Wildland
1993:
1984:
1946:
1903:
1898:
1842:
1832:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1805:www.edmonton.ca
1800:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1782:www.edmonton.ca
1777:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:Further reading
1742:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1623:
1615:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1423:www.edmonton.ca
1417:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1310:
1302:
1293:
1286:www.edmonton.ca
1280:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1234:"Tennis Courts"
1232:
1231:
1227:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1166:www.edmonton.ca
1160:
1159:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1109:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1001:
993:
984:
976:
967:
959:
950:
940:
938:
929:
928:
909:
901:
878:
870:
866:
848:
847:
843:
838:
826:
714:
712:Fauna and flora
691:EPCOR Utilities
649:
643:
606:
589:, playgrounds,
583:baseball fields
578:
547:
545:
541:
538:
533:
530:
528:
526:
525:
441:
439:
435:
432:
427:
424:
422:
420:
419:
396:
394:
390:
387:
382:
379:
377:
375:
374:
310:
294:Sturgeon County
286:Parkland County
205:
159:
91:Ribbon of Green
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3839:
3837:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3755:Old Strathcona
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:MacEwan Centre
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3527:Clarke Stadium
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3333:Manulife Place
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3308:Commerce Place
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3173:
3171:
3169:infrastructure
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3107:academic staff
3099:
3097:Public schools
3094:
3092:Public library
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3004:List of mayors
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2911:Whitemud Creek
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2882:Neighbourhoods
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2862:Aspen parkland
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2827:List of mayors
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:Glenbow Museum
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2499:historic sites
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Police Outpost
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:Moonshine Lake
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:Hay-Zama Lakes
2163:
2161:Hilliard's Bay
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:Dillberry Lake
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2061:Carson-Pegasus
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1975:Waterton Lakes
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1952:National parks
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1848:
1841:
1840:External links
1838:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1817:
1794:
1771:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1687:, p. 103.
1677:
1665:
1648:
1636:
1621:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1556:
1529:
1517:
1515:, p. 139.
1502:
1500:, p. 138.
1490:
1463:
1448:
1446:, p. 7–8.
1436:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1352:
1337:
1325:
1308:
1291:
1273:
1247:
1225:
1191:
1179:
1148:
1131:www.canada.com
1115:
1100:
1071:
1059:
1040:
1014:
999:
982:
965:
948:
907:
876:
864:
840:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
825:
822:
794:lake sturgeons
742:balsam poplars
719:vascular plant
713:
710:
642:
639:
605:
602:
577:
576:
571:
568:
565:
560:
522:
519:
514:
513:Riverdale Park
511:
508:
505:
502:
497:
494:
489:
484:
481:
478:
477:Hermitage Park
475:
472:
469:
468:Goldstick Park
466:
461:
416:
410:Forest Heights
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
346:
309:
306:
221:Frederick Todd
204:
201:
167:Little Ice Age
158:
155:
135:Frederick Todd
113:, Canada. The
105:valley in the
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
43:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3786:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Jasper Avenue
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3725:entertainment
3720:
3714:
3713:
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3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Stantec Tower
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
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3329:
3326:
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3309:
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3274:
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3260:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3230:
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3210:
3207:
3205:
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3113:
3110:
3108:
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3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3044:Remand Centre
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
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2900:
2897:
2893:
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2808:
2805:
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2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2790:Fort Edmonton
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2747:Sister cities
2745:
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2638:
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2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Royal Tyrrell
2608:
2606:
2605:Royal Alberta
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Pioneer Acres
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Heritage Park
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Fort Whoop-Up
2548:
2546:
2545:Fort Victoria
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2520:
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2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2495:
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2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Edworthy Park
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2411:Young's Point
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:Winagami Lake
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Whitney Lakes
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
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2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
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2329:
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2309:
2307:
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2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:Pembina River
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Miquelon Lake
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Gregoire Lake
2154:
2152:
2151:Greene Valley
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Glenbow Ranch
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Cypress Hills
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Beauvais Lake
2009:
2007:
2006:Antelope Hill
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1831:9780973386486
1827:
1823:
1818:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1699:, p. 43.
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1675:, p. 21.
1674:
1669:
1666:
1663:, p. 12.
1662:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1634:, p. 92.
1633:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1619:, p. 90.
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1604:, p. 13.
1603:
1598:
1595:
1592:, p. 10.
1591:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1408:, p. 29.
1407:
1402:
1399:
1396:, p. 14.
1395:
1390:
1387:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1323:, p. 16.
1322:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1263:on 2010-02-24
1262:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1069:, p. 29.
1068:
1063:
1060:
1057:, p. 21.
1056:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1012:, p. 19.
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:, p. 28.
996:
991:
989:
987:
983:
980:, p. 18.
979:
974:
972:
970:
966:
963:, p. 17.
962:
957:
955:
953:
949:
936:
935:www.ervcc.com
932:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
908:
905:, p. 17.
904:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
877:
874:, p. 11.
873:
868:
865:
860:
856:
852:
845:
842:
835:
831:
828:
827:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
771:riparian zone
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
747:
743:
739:
731:
726:
722:
720:
711:
709:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
682:
678:
675:
669:
667:
658:
653:
648:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
627:Lake Winnipeg
623:
618:
610:
603:
601:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
575:
572:
570:Whitemud Park
569:
566:
564:
563:Victoria Park
561:
558:
552:
523:
520:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
501:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:Kinnaird Park
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
465:
464:Gold Bar Park
462:
459:
455:
452:
446:
417:
415:
414:tennis courts
411:
407:
401:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
358:Capilano Park
357:
354:
351:
348:
347:
345:
343:
338:
330:
322:
314:
307:
305:
303:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
269:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:West Edmonton
244:
240:
236:
230:
227:
222:
214:
209:
202:
200:
196:
194:
190:
189:Fort Edmonton
182:
181:Fort Edmonton
178:
174:
172:
168:
162:
156:
154:
152:
148:
143:
141:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
78:
70:
66:
63:
56:
53:
45:
41:
35:
30:
25:
20:
3759:Whyte Avenue
3740:Ice District
3710:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3608:
3601:
3587:Rogers Place
3582:RE/MAX Field
3483:
3476:
3379:
3372:
3348:Ritchie Mill
2984:City Council
2891:
2724:
2720:Demographics
2715:Coat of arms
2656:
2649:
2535:Fort Calgary
2458:
2386:Willow Creek
2361:Wabamun Lake
2341:Thunder Lake
2321:Spray Valley
2296:Rochon Sands
2086:Crimson Lake
2046:Calling Lake
2041:Brown-Lowery
1980:Wood Buffalo
1864:River Valley
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1804:
1786:. Retrieved
1781:
1763:. Retrieved
1758:
1730:. Retrieved
1725:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1639:
1597:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1542:
1532:
1527:, p. 6.
1520:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1476:
1466:
1461:, p. 8.
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1422:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1372:
1350:, p. 1.
1335:, p. 7.
1328:
1306:, p. 7.
1285:
1276:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:the original
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1228:
1211:
1207:
1194:
1189:, p. 5.
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1165:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1130:
1113:, p. 5.
1091:. Retrieved
1086:
1074:
1062:
1031:. Retrieved
1026:
1017:
939:. Retrieved
934:
867:
858:
854:
844:
775:
759:white spruce
735:
715:
695:
687:
670:
662:
635:Hudson's Bay
631:Nelson River
619:
615:
595:
579:
487:Kinsmen Park
364:Diamond Park
339:
335:
298:
282:Leduc County
270:
265:
263:
231:
218:
197:
186:
163:
160:
144:
128:
94:
90:
86:
84:
3691:Londonderry
3681:City Centre
3577:Old Citadel
3557:Foote Field
3552:Expo Centre
3404:Attractions
3328:Legislature
2780:Annexations
2555:Frank Slide
2484:Sylvan Lake
2429:Calgary Zoo
2421:Urban parks
2336:Sylvan Lake
2311:Sheep River
2271:Pigeon Lake
2201:Little Fish
2136:Garner Lake
2126:Eagle Point
2076:Chain Lakes
2036:Bragg Creek
2001:Aspen Beach
1543:Global News
755:white birch
546: /
534:113°36′50″W
517:Rundle Park
440: /
428:113°28′19″W
395: /
383:113°27′35″W
370:Floden Park
361:Dawson Park
352:Argyll Park
215:in May 2015
213:Rundle Park
115:park system
101:around the
99:urban parks
55:Park system
3785:Categories
3770:124 Street
3765:104 Street
3662:more parks
3639:Mill Woods
3507:Butterdome
3467:Valley Zoo
3437:Galaxyland
3368:Talus Dome
3229:Bus routes
3224:Light rail
2822:Strathcona
2376:Williamson
2346:Tillebrook
2231:Moose Lake
2196:Little Bow
2171:Jarvis Bay
2131:Fish Creek
2091:Cross Lake
2031:Bow Valley
2021:Big Island
1965:Elk Island
1267:2010-08-14
836:References
763:poison ivy
674:grasslands
531:53°28′52″N
425:53°32′02″N
380:53°32′37″N
193:tablelands
147:grasslands
3727:districts
3723:Shopping/
3701:Southgate
3478:festivals
3298:City Hall
3285:Landmarks
3182:Authority
3054:Education
3034:Hospitals
2994:Elections
2989:City Hall
2934:Companies
2854:Geography
2464:Nose Hill
2356:Vermilion
2351:Two Lakes
2301:Rock Lake
2291:Red Lodge
2286:Ram Falls
2251:Park Lake
2241:Obed Lake
2236:Notikewin
2211:Long Lake
2096:Crow Lake
2081:Cold Lake
2026:Big Knife
1685:Wein 2006
1644:Wein 2006
1632:Wein 2006
1617:Wein 2006
1513:Wein 2006
1498:Wein 2006
1214:(2): 52.
1141:7 January
1010:Wein 2006
978:Wein 2006
903:Wein 2006
872:Wein 2006
641:Geography
622:flow rate
587:dog parks
3686:Kingsway
3634:Hawrelak
3629:Big Lake
3303:CN Tower
3277:Edmonton
3177:Airports
3157:Theatres
2976:Politics
2872:Downtown
2834:Timeline
2742:Religion
2708:Features
2600:Reynolds
2396:Woolford
2331:Sundance
2186:Lakeland
2121:Dunvegan
2111:Dinosaur
1811:25 April
1788:25 April
1765:25 April
1732:25 April
1726:CBC News
1549:25 April
1483:27 April
1429:25 April
1379:25 April
1240:July 30,
1172:31 March
1093:25 April
1033:25 April
941:25 April
824:See also
629:and the
591:slipways
510:Rio Park
235:Gold Bar
211:View of
131:Edmonton
71:, Canada
61:Location
3313:Garneau
3199:Bridges
3142:Museums
3124:Culture
3024:Federal
2954:Stantec
2939:BioWare
2921:Economy
2839:Tornado
2757:History
2494:Museums
2246:O'Brien
2216:Midland
818:Cougars
810:walleye
786:coyotes
275:in the
226:ravines
157:History
111:Alberta
93:or the
69:Alberta
40:Glenora
3644:Rundle
3495:Venues
3442:K-Days
3209:Pedway
3132:K-Days
3112:alumni
3039:Police
2066:Castle
1970:Jasper
1828:
1579:: 249.
812:, and
765:, and
746:willow
744:, and
604:Trails
292:, and
239:Rundle
3621:Parks
3152:Sport
3147:Music
3137:Media
2999:Mayor
2899:Parks
2645:Whyte
2496:&
1960:Banff
1801:(PDF)
1778:(PDF)
1755:(PDF)
1569:(PDF)
1369:(PDF)
1204:(PDF)
1083:(PDF)
751:aspen
738:alder
451:mayor
308:Parks
255:Devon
171:Métis
120:Devon
3029:Fire
2795:Park
2732:Flag
1826:ISBN
1813:2021
1790:2021
1767:2021
1734:2021
1551:2021
1485:2021
1431:2016
1381:2021
1242:2014
1174:2016
1143:2008
1095:2021
1035:2021
943:2021
861:(3).
706:CA$
85:The
76:Area
51:Type
3275:in
1216:doi
302:C$
257:to
122:to
109:of
3787::
1803:.
1780:.
1757:.
1724:.
1651:^
1624:^
1609:^
1577:82
1575:.
1571:.
1541:.
1505:^
1475:.
1451:^
1421:.
1371:.
1355:^
1340:^
1311:^
1294:^
1284:.
1210:.
1206:.
1164:.
1151:^
1129:.
1118:^
1103:^
1085:.
1043:^
1025:.
1002:^
985:^
968:^
951:^
933:.
910:^
879:^
859:16
857:.
853:.
816:.
808:,
804:,
800:,
796:,
792:,
788:,
757:,
740:,
728:A
637:.
585:,
288:,
284:,
261:.
142:.
67:,
3761:)
3757:(
3265:e
3258:t
3251:v
2693:e
2686:t
2679:v
1992:,
1893:e
1886:t
1879:v
1834:.
1815:.
1792:.
1769:.
1736:.
1553:.
1487:.
1433:.
1383:.
1288:.
1270:.
1244:.
1222:.
1218::
1212:9
1176:.
1145:.
1097:.
1037:.
945:.
460:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
