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southern
Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. This resulted in the local Han Chinese population growing to over 20 million before the
1360:
and prohibited any settlement of Han
Chinese into the region. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han into the Northeast so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in the region by the 1780s. Besides moving into the Liao area in
1573:
in
Heilongjiang. Harbin, more than any other city in China, possesses significant Russian influences: there are many Orthodox churches that have fallen out of use since the Cultural Revolution. Shenyang and Dalian, meanwhile, have sizable populations of Japanese and South Koreans due to their
1667:
In recent years, the
Chinese government has initialized the "Revitalize the Northeast campaign" to turn this region into one of China's economic growth engines. As of 2015 the region was losing population and the economy, dominated by state-owned enterprises, was stagnant.
1844:", is preserved and used for cooking. Different from other parts of Northern China, rice is consumed more in Northeast China. Most of the meat dishes are based around pork due to how cold it can get. Often braised pork or dumplings are the main attraction of a meal.
1907:
for the "corny" aesthetics of the 1970s boom period of the
Northeast, self-deprecating humor, and speculations on the decline and potential future of the economically depressed region. Notable works associated with the movement include
1835:
reflects the region's ethnic diversity, blending
Northern Han, Manchu and Korean cooking styles. One of the distinguishing characteristics of the cuisine is the use of uncooked fresh vegetables. During the long winter season, pickled
3926:
4563:
1902:
was coined by the rapper Gem to describe a revival in interest in the culture of the
Northeast after his song Yelang Disco went viral. Artwork associated with the Dongbei renaissance often incorporates
1514:
to improve policy coordination and integration. The region has experienced difficulty distancing itself from a planned economy, a legacy that began in 1905 with the establishment of the
Japanese
1506:). Recent years, however, have seen the stagnation of Northeast China's heavy-industry-based economy, as China's economy continues to liberalize and privatize; the government has initialized the
4711:
3819:
1382:
Because most people in
Northeast China trace their ancestries back to the migrants from the Chuang Guandong era, Northeastern Chinese were more culturally uniform compared to other
1306:
Northeast China has a total population of about 107,400,000 people, accounting for 8% of China's total population. The overwhelming majority of the population in the
Northeast is
4163:
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are abundant in the more densely settled southern part. The northern half of Heilongjiang is so cold and poorly drained that agriculture is almost impossible; however, the
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2005:
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1336:'venture into the east of the Pass'). Northeast China historically had a significant Han Chinese population, reaching over 3 million by the end of the
3282:
442:'Region of the Manchus'). The toponym has since become associated with Japanese colonialism. Its use is considered controversial by some historians such as
3292:
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1518:
there. The region's once-abundant raw materials have also depleted and the economy has suffered from bureaucratic inefficiency and protectionist politics.
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1975:
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1589:. The rural population heavily concentrated in the warmer southern part of the Northeast, where very warm to hot summer weather permits crops such as
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2310:"The use of the term 'Manchuria' as a place-name had begun with the Japanese in the eighteenth century, and it was later introduced to Europe by
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3867:
3195:
2932:
2204:
2139:
2106:
446:, Norman Smith, and Mariko Asano Tamanoi who question its legitimacy. In China, areas once considered part of Manchuria are referred to as the
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The region is, on the whole, more heavily urbanised than most parts of China, largely because it was the first part of the country to develop
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have settled in Northeast China at several points in history, with the first Chinese kingdom to enter the area being the state of
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1969:
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1981:
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invaded the region as part of its declaration of war against Japan. From 1945 to 1948, Northeast China was a base area for the
1500:, Northeast China continued to be a major industrial base of the country, and has been hailed as "the Republic's eldest son" (
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2011:
1951:
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1770:'northeastern speech'), spoken throughout Heilongjiang, Jilin, and most of Liaoning. It is very closely related to
1676:
1255:
established himself in Northeast China, but was murdered by the Japanese for being too independent. The last Qing emperor,
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2017:
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1987:
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and first used in the 18th or 19th century, though not itself used by the Manchus or Chinese people. Variations of
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3587:
3529:
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2029:
1817:
1444:
1400:
1373:, further immigrations were organized by the Central Government to "develop the Great Northern Wilderness" (
1220:
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is almost extinct due to widespread assimilation to Han culture over the last four centuries. Ethnic
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in China, with an area of over 350,000 km (140,000 sq mi). It is separated from the
1310:, many of whose ancestors came in the 19th and 20th centuries during a migration movement called "
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1821:
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308:
264:
2904:
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4309:
4267:
4196:
4153:
4111:
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3240:
3066:
2877:
2863:
2845:
2788:
2671:
2502:
2401:
2343:
2302:
2292:
2205:"China's rust belt population plummeted in last decade, exacerbating regional economic divide"
1786:
1771:
1473:
1370:
1283:
2778:
2420:
93:
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4876:
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4355:
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4184:
4158:
4143:
4028:
4006:
3990:
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3335:
3252:
3175:
3130:
3078:
2968:
2953:
2945:
2634:"China's Northeastern rust belt was once 'eldest son', now struggling as runt of the litter"
2443:
2268:
1933:
1809:
1775:
1720:
1708:
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1511:
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was the most important industrial enterprise in northeast China until the discovery of the
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has the largest stretch of arable flatland in the country, with an abundance of fertile
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4548:
4533:
4528:
4511:
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4282:
3637:
3632:
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3148:
2240:
1801:. It is phonologically more different to Standard Mandarin than Northeastern Mandarin.
1633:
1522:
1268:
1216:
419:
367:
328:
288:
2692:
1104:. The region came under the rule of various states throughout history, including Yan,
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4277:
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3230:
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1404:
1224:
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1189:
541:
4897:
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4654:
4619:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3190:
3108:
3103:
2169:"China Has Its Own Rust Belt, And It's Getting Left Behind As The Country Prospers"
1691:
In general, the culture of Northeast China takes its elements from the cultures of
1653:
1645:
1424:
1349:
1337:
1291:
1287:
1272:
1260:
1252:
1205:
1201:
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1177:
1169:
1157:
1109:
687:
522:
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462:
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332:
280:
1386:. People from the Northeast would first identify themselves as "Northeasterners" (
1244:
1045:
17:
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3378:
3185:
3143:
3138:
3086:
1887:
1860:
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1420:
1416:
1307:
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35:
1636:
base, focusing mainly on equipment manufacturing. Major industries include the
4649:
3557:
3368:
3096:
2860:
In Manchuria: A Village Called Wasteland and the Transformation of Rural China
2780:
Handbook of Plant-Based Fermented Food and Beverage Technology, Second Edition
2479:
1917:
1883:
1852:
1622:
1570:
1562:
1408:
1181:
1149:
1145:
911:
347:
320:
304:
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2533:
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form the second significant ethnic group in Northeast China, followed by the
4659:
4614:
3552:
3493:
2840:
2784:
2379:
A Lost Mathematician, Takeo Nakasawa: The Forgotten Father of Matroid Theory
2073:
1904:
1878:
Because of its climatic conditions, Northeast China is the base for China's
1641:
1626:
1586:
1542:
1493:
1276:
1264:
1153:
860:
650:
400:
363:
351:
245:
1298:, who were victorious in 1949 and have been controlling this region since.
2844:, Centre for Chinese Studies, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 2000.
2610:
1215:
During the late Qing dynasty, Northeast China came under influence of the
4734:
4727:
4040:
2809:
2660:
Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State
1841:
1798:
1794:
1696:
1649:
1530:
1341:
1121:
1073:
1064:
Northeast China was the homeland of several ethnic groups, including the
781:
595:
577:
371:
272:
251:
3163:
3158:
3153:
2324:
2289:
The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero, Volume 2.
1805:
1598:
1566:
1137:
1089:
1065:
986:
536:
375:
4829:
1864:
1856:
1755:
1685:
1610:
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1538:
1534:
1461:
1432:
1396:
1165:
1085:
1081:
1069:
961:
936:
886:
834:
808:
705:
486:
458:
423:
410:
405:
312:
234:
2693:"Central Planning Got the Northeast in Trouble – and Won't Save It"
1867:
are popular forms of traditional entertainment in Northeast China.
453:
The area was historically referred to by various names. During the
283:, but historically is meant to also encompass the four easternmost
2941:
2287:
Nakami Tatsuo. "Qing China's Northeast Crescent: The Great Game."
1675:
1637:
1629:, and sheep are even more abundant than in southern Heilongjiang.
1614:
1606:
1590:
1550:
1113:
1077:
1044:
1011:
632:
525:, and Fengtian since 1683 when Heilongjiang was split from Jilin.
518:
296:
276:
260:
157:
2910:
1549:, all with several million inhabitants. Other cities include the
1379:), eventually peaking the population at over 100 million people.
2839:
Swallows and Settlers - The Great Migration from North China to
2223:"China census reveals the true scale of the Northeast's decline"
1602:
1526:
1256:
291:
west of the Greater Khingan. The heartland of the region is the
2914:
1392:) before affiliating to individual provinces and cities/towns.
2810:"As China's Economy Wobbles, Its Rust Belt Is Having a Moment"
1890:
athletes often come from or were educated in Northeast China.
1618:
362:, in which five prefectures of eastern Inner Mongolia, namely
342:
of its once-powerful industrial sector and the decline of its
29:
1235:
replaced Russian influence in the region as a result of the
1707:. Northeast China also takes cultural inspiration from the
457:, the area in which the Jurchens lived was referred to as
2899:
382:, are also formally defined as regions of the Northeast.
1510:
campaign to counter this problem, and established the
563:
427:
2366:
Memory Maps: The State and Manchuria in Postwar Japan
2103:"Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census"
1778:. There are enough differences from Mandarin to give
738:
Cities with urban area over one million in population
331:
to the west by the Greater Khingan and parts of the
4838:
4756:
4677:
4577:
4457:
4254:
4212:
4172:
4005:
3917:
3768:
3702:
3689:
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3578:
3512:
3421:
3359:
3322:
3251:
3129:
3077:
3037:
2961:
2952:
2762:Qian, Cengyi; Zhang, Shuzheng; Luo, Futeng (2001).
1259:, was then placed on the throne to lead a Japanese
263:. It usually corresponds specifically to the three
210:
200:
192:
184:
176:
168:
163:
153:
137:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1488:The Northeast was one of the earliest regions to
2492:
2490:
2488:
2187:"Northeast China: Still Waiting for Regionalism"
1875:is an example of the folk songs of this region.
2245:State Council of the People's Republic of China
360:State Council of the People's Republic of China
2397:Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise
2006:Changchun University of Science and Technology
434:
2926:
2447:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFClausen1995 (
1703:who migrated into Northeast China during the
1632:Northeast China is the country's traditional
1501:
1387:
1374:
723:
693:
668:
638:
613:
583:
408:of Japanese origin, derived from the endonym
350:, the region is often referred to as China's
8:
2777:Y. H. Hui; E. Özgül Evranuz (May 17, 2012).
2666:monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
2400:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 16–.
2377:Nishimura, Hirokazu; Kuroda, Susumu (2009).
418:which arrived in European languages through
2497:国务院人口普查办公室; 国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司, eds. (2012).
2272:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGiles1912 (
2036:Dongbei University of Finance and Economics
1765:
1476:. The region has also a strong presence of
1331:
4574:
4260:
4011:
3699:
3695:
3356:
3328:
2958:
2933:
2919:
2911:
2462:GB/T 2260 codes for the provinces of China
1976:Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
750:
532:
134:
2900:The Provincial Government of Heilongjiang
2126:"Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province"
172:791,826 km (305,726 sq mi)
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2621:from the original on February 24, 2022.
2439:
2094:
2065:
1613:. The region possesses large flocks of
1447:make up roughly 35% of the population.
191:
175:
162:
152:
143:
3868:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2611:"The 'third Korea' Yanbian in decline"
2291:David Wolff et al., eds. Brill, 2005.
2241:"Northeast Revitalization Plan (2007)"
2140:"The nine nations of China: Rust Belt"
2107:National Bureau of Statistics of China
2072:Not to be confused with the unrelated
1782:its own distinctive characteristics.
2895:The Provincial Government of Liaoning
2837:Thomas R. Gottschang and Diana Lary:
2264:
1478:folk religions and Confucian churches
1084:(also known as the Goldi and Nanai),
209:
199:
183:
167:
7:
1441:Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4564:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
2501:. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
2905:The Provincial Government of Jilin
2874:Mitya's Harbin; Majesty and Menace
2049:Northeast Area Revitalization Plan
1820:tend to be bilingual in their own
1439:. Located in the Northeast is the
356:Northeast Area Revitalization Plan
216:$ 8,746 (excluding Inner Mongolia)
25:
3859:Political Consultative Conference
2876:, Book Publishers Network, 2016.
2691:Li Yongfeng (24 September 2015).
2482:codes for the provinces of China)
1940:Northeast Agricultural University
1365:. After the establishment of the
1239:in 1904–1905, and Japan laid the
358:was launched in the 2000s by the
4645:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
4640:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
1970:Shenyang Agricultural University
1719:There are two main varieties of
1605:are also very important, as are
1468:coexist alongside predominating
1286:. With the encouragement of the
354:. As a result, a campaign named
145:
34:
4635:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
3832:Political parties and movements
3196:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
3181:Northern and Southern dynasties
2747:Yin, Shichao; Li, Rong (1997).
2732:Li, Yingzi (2008). "东北方言研究综述".
2394:Philippe Forêt (January 2000).
2123:GDP-2022 is a preliminary data
1982:Dalian University of Technology
1699:, the hometowns of most of the
1529:reserves. Major cities include
45:needs additional citations for
2668:Harvard University Asia Center
2012:Northeast Petroleum University
1952:Harbin Institute of Technology
1760:
1751:
1743:
1597:to be grown with high yields.
1577:The Northeast is an important
1502:
1388:
1375:
1327:
1319:
513:
508:
504:
491:
482:
474:
239:
230:
1:
2808:Tone, Sixth (July 31, 2023).
2024:Harbin Engineering University
2018:Shenyang Aerospace University
1994:Northeast Forestry University
1824:tongues as well as Mandarin.
1384:geographical regions of China
1340:, but they were subjected to
1294:during the Civil War for the
3937:Ministry of National Defense
3276:Chinese Communist Revolution
1833:Northeastern Chinese cuisine
1723:spoken in Northeast China.
1496:. After the founding of the
540:
535:
243:), also historically called
27:Geographical region of China
4946:Geography of Northeast Asia
4600:Flowers of the Four Seasons
4585:Four Treasures of the Study
4204:Water supply and sanitation
3932:Central Military Commission
3927:Outline of military history
3677:Province-level subdivisions
2632:Chan, Elaine (2019-05-06).
2128:(Press release). China NBS.
1946:Northeast Normal University
1894:Film, music, and literature
1658:Anshan Iron and Steel Works
1492:in China during the era of
1457:Religion in Northeast China
560:
557:
554:
428:
4962:
3873:Primary stage of socialism
3815:National People's Congress
3283:People's Republic of China
2872:Lenore Lamont Zissermann:
2862:, Bloomsbury Press, 2015,
2664:Harvard-Yenching Institute
2640:. South China Morning Post
2370:University of Hawaii Press
2000:Shenyang Normal University
1988:Dalian Maritime University
1498:People's Republic of China
1454:
1367:People's Republic of China
1251:in the Republic of China,
1038:
551:
548:
545:
391:
4870:
4263:
4014:
3698:
3623:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
3331:
2312:Philipp Franz von Siebold
1290:, the area was used as a
1219:with the building of the
724:
694:
669:
639:
614:
584:
435:
144:
4798:Catholic Church in China
3942:People's Liberation Army
3909:One country, two systems
2498:
2426:16 November 2022 at the
2364:Tamanoi, Mariko (2009).
2349:16 November 2022 at the
2298:16 November 2022 at the
2209:South China Morning Post
1871:Northeastern Cradle Song
1581:region of China, as the
1508:Revitalize the Northeast
1363:Second Sino-Japanese War
1280:People's Liberation Army
1241:South Manchurian Railway
529:Administrative divisions
4630:Four Pillars of Destiny
4415:Regional discrimination
3837:Chinese Communist Party
2381:. Springer. p. 15.
2030:Heilongjiang University
1958:Northeastern University
1726:The most widely spoken
1348:by the conquest of the
1221:Chinese Eastern Railway
743:Provincial capitals in
188:124/km (320/sq mi)
4383:Science and technology
4056:Special economic zones
3308:persecution of Uyghurs
3236:Century of humiliation
1912:'s fiction collection
1785:The second variety is
1688:
1574:traditional linkages.
1525:owing to its abundant
1470:Chinese folk religions
1411:, as well as 49 other
1271:of Japan in 1945, the
1061:
394:Etymology of Manchuria
4590:Four Great Inventions
3974:People's Armed Police
2594:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2582:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2570:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2546:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2534:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2522:Reardon-Anderson 2000
1848:Folk dance and sports
1732:Northeastern Mandarin
1679:
1583:Northeast China Plain
1048:
392:Further information:
293:Northeast China Plain
269:Greater Khingan Range
4569:World Heritage Sites
4097:Foreign aid received
3805:Environmental policy
3603:Environmental policy
3598:Environmental issues
1922:Black Coal, Thin Ice
1356:during the reign of
1041:History of Manchuria
319:to the south by the
303:to the north by the
255:, is a geographical
185: • Density
54:improve this article
4815:History of religion
4810:Freedom of religion
4665:Four Pests campaign
4610:Four Classic Novels
4222:Automotive industry
4102:Foreign aid program
3793:Pro-democratisation
3288:Cultural Revolution
2330:2 July 2019 at the
1964:Liaoning University
1900:Dongbei renaissance
1840:, which is called "
1748:traditional Chinese
1652:manufacturing, and
1625:provides very rich
1516:sphere of influence
1324:traditional Chinese
479:traditional Chinese
465:used names such as
4722:Population history
4702:Internal migration
4317:Harmonious Society
4192:Telecommunications
4149:Standard of living
4068:Online advertising
3820:Standing Committee
1928:Major universities
1914:Moses on the Plain
1898:In 2019, the term
1795:Jiaodong Peninsula
1791:Liaodong Peninsula
1740:simplified Chinese
1689:
1654:petroleum refining
1553:making centres of
1369:at the end of the
1352:, who then set up
1316:simplified Chinese
1296:Chinese Communists
1237:Russo-Japanese War
1062:
701:Hēilóngjiāng Shěng
471:simplified Chinese
211: - Per Capita
169: • Total
18:Northeastern China
4906:
4905:
4866:
4865:
4673:
4672:
4250:
4249:
4237:Shipping industry
4001:
4000:
3967:Strategic Support
3842:General Secretary
3827:National security
3810:Foreign relations
3764:
3763:
3685:
3684:
3648:
3647:
3351:Natural disasters
3318:
3317:
3271:Chinese Civil War
3266:Republic of China
3241:Taiping Rebellion
3114:Spring and Autumn
3019:Foreign relations
2882:978-1-940598-75-8
2717:Li, Rong (2012).
2677:978-0-674-26022-1
2508:978-7-5037-6659-6
2407:978-0-8248-2293-4
1793:, as well as the
1787:Jiaoliao Mandarin
1772:Standard Mandarin
1768:
1413:ethnic minorities
1371:Chinese Civil War
1334:
1284:Chinese Civil War
1210:Republic of China
1032:
1031:
735:
734:
731:
702:
676:
647:
621:
592:
220:
219:
206:$ 861.514 billion
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"Northeast China"
16:(Redirected from
4953:
4926:Regions of China
4886:
4879:
4776:Tibetan Buddhism
4771:Chinese Buddhism
4625:Four Holy Beasts
4575:
4427:Social relations
4356:Standard Chinese
4351:Chinese language
4261:
4046:Economic history
4012:
3991:Maritime Militia
3700:
3696:
3667:Border crossings
3662:Baseline islands
3357:
3329:
3293:Tiananmen Square
3176:Sixteen Kingdoms
2984:Military history
2959:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2912:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2658:Hou, Li (2021).
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2609:(June 3, 2013).
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2494:
2483:
2470:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2437:
2431:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2373:
2360:
2354:
2341:
2335:
2322:
2316:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2146:. Archived from
2136:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2113:on May 11, 2021.
2109:. Archived from
2099:
2077:
2070:
1934:Jilin University
1789:, spoken in the
1769:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1745:
1721:Mandarin Chinese
1709:Tungusic peoples
1682:Zhongshan Square
1680:Dalian Hotel at
1662:Daqing oil field
1656:industries. The
1512:Northeast Summit
1505:
1504:
1466:Chinese Buddhism
1391:
1390:
1378:
1377:
1354:Willow Palisades
1335:
1332:
1329:
1321:
1053:statue from the
751:
730:
728:
727:
726:
700:
698:
697:
696:
675:
673:
672:
671:
645:
643:
642:
641:
620:
618:
617:
616:
590:
588:
587:
586:
533:
515:
510:
506:
493:
484:
476:
441:
440:
439:
431:
426:of the Japanese
301:Russian Far East
241:
232:
149:
135:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4921:Northeast China
4911:
4910:
4907:
4902:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4862:
4834:
4752:
4712:Life expectancy
4669:
4573:
4453:
4373:Public holidays
4361:Written Chinese
4346:Intellectualism
4298:Sex trafficking
4246:
4208:
4168:
3997:
3913:
3760:
3751:Nationality law
3734:Law enforcement
3712:Judicial system
3681:
3644:
3618:Nature reserves
3608:Protected areas
3574:
3545:Water resources
3508:
3417:
3355:
3314:
3298:Economic reform
3261:1911 Revolution
3247:
3211:Jin (1115–1234)
3125:
3073:
3033:
2948:
2939:
2909:
2891:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2499:中国2010年人口普查分县资料
2496:
2495:
2486:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2428:Wayback Machine
2419:
2415:
2408:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:Wayback Machine
2342:
2338:
2332:Wayback Machine
2323:
2319:
2300:Wayback Machine
2286:
2282:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2054:Outer Manchuria
2045:
1930:
1896:
1850:
1838:Chinese cabbage
1830:
1814:Manchu language
1717:
1705:Chuang Guandong
1674:
1486:
1459:
1453:
1358:Shunzhi Emperor
1312:Chuang Guandong
1304:
1233:Empire of Japan
1059:Shanghai Museum
1043:
1037:
740:
729:
722:
699:
692:
674:
667:
644:
637:
619:
612:
591:Liáoníng Shěng
589:
582:
531:
517:) referring to
501:Three Provinces
495:), East of the
444:Mark C. Elliott
432:
396:
390:
344:economic growth
223:Northeast China
215:
205:
204:¥5.795 trillion
140:
139:Northeast China
133:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4941:Northeast Asia
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4913:
4912:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4888:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4762:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4595:Four Gentlemen
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4578:Fours of China
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4227:Civil aviation
4224:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4176:
4174:
4173:Infrastructure
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4127:Semiconductors
4124:
4119:
4109:
4107:Historical GDP
4104:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3885:Vice President
3877:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3613:National parks
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3593:Climate policy
3590:
3588:Climate change
3584:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3494:Central Plains
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Extreme points
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3149:Three Kingdoms
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3119:Warring States
3116:
3111:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2979:Historiography
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2915:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2889:External links
2887:
2886:
2885:
2870:
2868:978-1620402863
2853:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2800:
2793:
2787:. p. 58.
2769:
2754:
2739:
2724:
2709:
2683:
2676:
2650:
2624:
2598:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2558:Scharping 1998
2550:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2507:
2484:
2465:
2454:
2432:
2413:
2406:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2355:
2336:
2317:
2280:
2257:
2232:
2229:. 12 May 2021.
2214:
2211:. 14 May 2021.
2196:
2178:
2160:
2131:
2116:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1895:
1892:
1849:
1846:
1829:
1826:
1734:, commonly as
1716:
1713:
1673:
1670:
1565:in Jilin, and
1523:heavy industry
1485:
1482:
1455:Main article:
1452:
1449:
1445:ethnic Koreans
1303:
1300:
1292:staging ground
1269:atomic bombing
1217:Russian Empire
1057:now housed in
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
984:
980:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
934:
930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
909:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
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884:
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824:
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791:
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785:
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773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
749:
748:
739:
736:
733:
732:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
703:
690:
685:
682:
678:
677:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
648:
635:
630:
627:
623:
622:
610:
607:
604:
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593:
580:
575:
572:
568:
567:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
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544:
539:
530:
527:
389:
386:
329:Inner Mongolia
295:, the largest
289:Inner Mongolia
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
194:
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178:
174:
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165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
142:
141:
138:
132:Place in China
131:
128:
127:
110:September 2024
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4958:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4909:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4803:Protestantism
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4788:Folk religion
4786:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:Ethnic groups
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:Four Beauties
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:Urban society
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4400:Social issues
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4378:Rural society
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Chinese Dream
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4243:
4242:Space program
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3892:State Council
3890:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Civil service
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3384:South Central
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Jin (266–420)
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:Ethnic groups
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2856:Michael Meyer
2854:
2851:
2850:0-89264-134-7
2847:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2794:9781439849040
2790:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2713:
2710:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2651:
2639:
2638:China Economy
2635:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2607:Andrei Lankov
2602:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2473:ISO 3166-2:CN
2469:
2466:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2421:Crossley 1999
2417:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2372:. p. 10.
2371:
2367:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:9789004154162
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2150:on 2016-10-18
2149:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:Shuang Xuetao
1906:
1901:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1880:winter sports
1876:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1808:speak mostly
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:in Liaoning,
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:industrialize
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:local shamans
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:. During the
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:Northern Yuan
1195:
1191:
1190:Mongol Empire
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
988:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
963:
960:
957:
956:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
938:
935:
932:
931:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
913:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
888:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
863:
862:
858:
855:
854:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
836:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
811:
810:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
784:
783:
779:
776:
775:
771:
768:
765:
763:District area
762:
759:
756:
753:
752:
746:
742:
741:
737:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
707:
704:
691:
689:
686:
683:
680:
679:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
652:
649:
636:
634:
631:
628:
625:
624:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
581:
579:
576:
573:
570:
569:
566:
549:Chinese Name
543:
538:
534:
528:
526:
524:
520:
516:
502:
498:
494:
488:
480:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
438:
430:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:
407:
403:
402:
395:
387:
385:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:Rivers; from
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:
248:
247:
242:
236:
228:
224:
213:
203:
201: - Total
195:
187:
179:
171:
159:
156:
148:
136:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4908:
4793:Christianity
4783:Confucianism
4743:Urbanization
4679:Demographics
4655:Gang of Four
4620:Four Symbols
4519:Martial arts
4293:Prostitution
4180:Architecture
4034:Central bank
3902:Vice Premier
3854:United front
3783:Constitution
3739:Penal system
3717:Human rights
3654:Subdivisions
3492: /
3488: /
3411:Southwestern
3406:Northwestern
3373:
3109:Western Zhou
3057:Yellow River
3007:1949–present
2873:
2859:
2838:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:
2803:
2779:
2772:
2763:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2733:
2727:
2718:
2712:
2702:24 September
2700:. Retrieved
2696:
2686:
2659:
2653:
2642:. Retrieved
2637:
2627:
2614:
2601:
2589:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2468:
2457:
2440:Clausen 1995
2435:
2416:
2396:
2389:
2378:
2365:
2358:
2339:
2325:Tamanoi 2000
2320:
2309:
2288:
2283:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2235:
2227:andrewbatson
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2191:The Diplomat
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:the original
2143:
2134:
2119:
2111:the original
2097:
2068:
1913:
1897:
1877:
1868:
1851:
1831:
1803:
1784:
1779:
1759:
1735:
1725:
1718:
1690:
1666:
1646:shipbuilding
1631:
1576:
1520:
1487:
1460:
1394:
1381:
1350:Qing Dynasty
1346:assimilation
1338:Ming Dynasty
1305:
1302:Demographics
1288:Soviet Union
1273:Soviet Union
1267:. After the
1261:puppet state
1253:Zhang Zuolin
1214:
1206:Qing dynasty
1202:Ming dynasty
1194:Yuan dynasty
1178:Eastern Liao
1170:Liao dynasty
1158:Tang dynasty
1110:Wiman Joseon
1063:
859:
807:
780:
772:Census date
744:
688:Heilongjiang
646:Jílín Shěng
523:Heilongjiang
514:Dōngsānshěng
512:
500:
490:
466:
463:Qing dynasty
455:Ming dynasty
452:
447:
415:
409:
399:
397:
384:
337:
333:Xiliao River
325:Tumen Rivers
281:Heilongjiang
267:east of the
250:
244:
238:
222:
221:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4559:Variety art
4554:Tea culture
4482:Calligraphy
4467:Archaeology
4327:Food safety
4122:Gold mining
4024:Aquaculture
4019:Agriculture
3979:Coast Guard
3746:Naming laws
3580:Environment
3568:South China
3047:Paleolithic
3039:Prehistoric
2997:before 1912
1888:ice skating
1861:Jilin opera
1701:Han Chinese
1693:North China
1579:breadbasket
1308:Han Chinese
1249:Warlord Era
1245:Port Arthur
1243:in 1906 to
1229:Vladivostok
1186:Eastern Xia
1174:Jin dynasty
1142:Western Jin
1134:Gongsun Yan
1130:Eastern Han
1126:Xin dynasty
1118:Western Han
1106:Gija Joseon
1098:Han Chinese
1055:Jin dynasty
1051:Bodhisattva
1028:2010-11-01
1003:2010-11-01
978:2010-11-01
953:2010-11-01
928:2010-11-01
903:2010-11-01
878:2010-11-01
851:2010-11-01
826:2010-11-01
799:2010-11-01
766:City proper
710:38,312,224
655:27,462,297
600:43,746,323
555:Population
338:Due to the
327:; and from
317:North Korea
285:prefectures
4936:Inner Asia
4915:Categories
4820:Irreligion
4717:Statistics
4687:Emigration
4650:Four Wangs
4539:Philosophy
4524:Mass media
4507:Literature
4405:Patriarchy
4368:Propaganda
4288:Corruption
4273:Censorship
4063:E-commerce
3770:Government
3563:East China
3535:Waterfalls
3481:Peninsulas
3449:Grasslands
2819:2023-08-30
2814:#SixthTone
2751:. 江蘇教育出版社.
2644:2019-05-06
2442:, p.
2344:Smith 2012
2267:, p.
2265:Giles 1912
2154:2017-03-04
2084:References
2020:(沈阳航空航天大学)
1918:Diao Yinan
1884:Ice hockey
1853:Errenzhuan
1812:, and the
1780:dongbeihua
1761:Dōngběihuà
1736:dongbeihua
1664:in 1959.
1642:automobile
1634:industrial
1623:Amur River
1587:black soil
1571:Mudanjiang
1563:Jilin City
1407:, and the
1182:Later Liao
1150:Former Qin
1146:Former Yan
820:10,635,971
760:Urban area
561:Area (km)
348:population
180:98,514,948
177:Population
80:newspapers
4931:Manchuria
4707:Languages
4660:Four Olds
4615:Four arts
4502:Libraries
4432:Structure
4395:Sexuality
4332:incidents
4305:Education
4214:Transport
4090:Renewable
4085:Petroleum
3880:President
3847:Politburo
3800:Elections
3788:Democracy
3756:Terrorism
3504:Volcanoes
3486:Northeast
3464:Mountains
3374:Northeast
3324:Geography
3231:High Qing
3052:Neolithic
3024:Dynasties
3002:1912–1949
2993:Economic
2962:Overviews
2841:Manchuria
2785:CRC Press
2596:, p. 509.
2584:, p. 508.
2572:, p. 507.
2548:, p. 506.
2536:, p. 505.
2524:, p. 504.
2353:, p. 219.
2334:, p. 249.
2250:31 August
2089:Citations
2074:Guangdong
2026:(哈尔滨工程大学)
1954:(哈尔滨工业大学)
1905:nostalgia
1822:Mongolian
1627:fisheries
1543:Changchun
1494:Manchukuo
1277:Communist
1265:Manchukuo
1154:Later Yan
1049:A wooden
1022:1,709,538
1019:1,094,294
1016:1,000,128
997:5,367,003
994:1,553,788
991:1,314,720
972:2,138,090
969:1,431,014
966:1,318,808
947:2,904,532
944:1,649,825
941:1,433,698
922:4,413,157
919:1,975,121
916:1,469,722
897:3,645,884
894:1,544,084
891:1,504,996
872:7,674,439
869:4,193,073
866:3,411,209
861:Changchun
845:6,690,432
842:4,087,733
839:3,902,467
817:5,878,939
814:4,933,054
793:8,106,171
790:6,255,921
787:5,718,232
651:Changchun
546:Province
499:) or the
448:Northeast
416:Manchuria
401:Manchuria
398:The name
380:Xilin Gol
364:Hulunbuir
352:Rust Belt
340:shrinking
271:, namely
265:provinces
246:Manchuria
4893:Category
4766:Buddhism
4758:Religion
4735:Post-90s
4728:Post-80s
4472:Archives
4339:HIV/AIDS
4310:Literacy
4268:Abortion
4197:Internet
4154:Taxation
4137:Textiles
4117:Chemical
4112:Industry
4041:Currency
3919:Military
3727:in Tibet
3691:Politics
3628:Wildlife
3540:Wetlands
3303:COVID-19
3131:Imperial
3029:Monarchs
2989:Language
2974:Timeline
2946:articles
2619:Archived
2615:THEAsiaN
2560:, p. 18.
2430:, p. 55.
2424:Archived
2347:Archived
2328:Archived
2296:Archived
2144:Atlantic
2043:See also
2038:(东北财经大学)
2014:(东北石油大学)
2008:(长春理工大学)
2002:(沈阳师范大学)
1996:(东北林业大学)
1990:(大连海事大学)
1984:(大连理工大学)
1978:(沈阳化工大学)
1972:(沈阳农业大学)
1948:(东北师范大学)
1942:(东北农业大学)
1916:and the
1842:suan cai
1810:Mandarin
1799:Shandong
1715:Dialects
1697:Shandong
1650:aircraft
1599:Soybeans
1531:Shenyang
1451:Religion
1415:such as
1342:eviction
1223:through
1122:Goguryeo
1074:Jurchens
782:Shenyang
716:454,800
661:191,126
606:145,900
596:Shenyang
578:Liaoning
558:Density
552:Capital
492:Guāndōng
467:Guandong
372:Tongliao
273:Liaoning
252:Songliao
4877:Outline
4840:Symbols
4697:Eunuchs
4544:Smoking
4492:Cuisine
4459:Culture
4449:Welfare
4420:Suicide
4388:history
4256:Society
4185:Housing
4159:Tourism
4144:Poverty
4029:Banking
4007:Economy
3986:Militia
3897:Premier
3499:Valleys
3459:Islands
3444:Deserts
3434:Canyons
3422:Terrain
3401:Western
3389:Central
3361:Regions
3346:Geology
3336:Borders
3079:Ancient
3062:Yangtze
2969:History
2954:History
2831:Sources
2766:. 齊鲁書社.
2749:哈爾濱方言詞典
2719:中國語言地圖集
2293:p. 514.
2032:(黑龙江大学)
1828:Cuisine
1818:Mongols
1806:Manchus
1804:Ethnic
1776:Russian
1672:Culture
1567:Qiqihar
1484:Economy
1472:led by
1429:Oroqens
1425:Hezhens
1405:Koreans
1401:Mongols
1397:Manchus
1395:Ethnic
1282:in the
1162:Wu Zhou
1138:Cao Wei
1090:Xianbei
1070:Manchus
1066:Koreans
1035:History
987:Qiqihar
658:146.54
603:299.83
542:ISO No.
422:, as a
376:Chifeng
368:Hinggan
240:Dōngběi
227:Chinese
214:¥58,824
154:Country
94:scholar
4898:Portal
4853:Emblem
4848:Anthem
4830:Taoism
4512:Poetry
4487:Cinema
4410:Racism
4322:Health
4075:Energy
4051:Reform
3962:Rocket
3947:Ground
3672:Cities
3558:Yellow
3530:Rivers
3520:Canals
3474:passes
3469:ranges
3253:Modern
2944:
2880:
2866:
2848:
2791:
2764:山东方言研究
2734:语言应用研究
2697:Caixin
2674:
2505:
2480:3166-2
2404:
2305:
2173:Forbes
1966:(辽宁大学)
1960:(东北大学)
1936:(吉林大学)
1865:stilts
1857:yangge
1758::
1756:pinyin
1750::
1742::
1686:Dalian
1617:, and
1611:barley
1595:millet
1559:Anshan
1555:Fushun
1547:Anshan
1539:Harbin
1535:Dalian
1462:Taoism
1443:where
1437:Kyrgyz
1435:, and
1433:Evenks
1326::
1318::
1231:. The
1225:Harbin
1208:, and
1166:Balhae
1096:. The
1092:, and
1086:Sushen
1082:Hezhen
962:Fushun
937:Daqing
887:Anshan
835:Dalian
809:Harbin
713:84.38
706:Harbin
489::
487:pinyin
481::
473::
461:. The
459:Nurgan
429:Manshū
424:calque
411:Manchu
406:exonym
404:is an
313:Ussuri
311:, and
279:, and
257:region
237::
235:pinyin
229::
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4884:Index
4825:Islam
4748:Women
4549:Sport
4534:Names
4529:Music
4497:Dance
4283:Crime
4164:Trade
4132:Steel
3638:Flora
3633:Fauna
3553:Bohai
3549:Seas
3525:Lakes
3513:Water
3490:North
3454:Hills
3439:Caves
3394:South
3379:North
3092:Shang
2942:China
2736:(10).
2060:Notes
1920:film
1638:steel
1615:sheep
1607:wheat
1591:maize
1551:steel
1503:共和国长子
1421:Sibos
1417:Daurs
1376:开发北大荒
1114:Buyeo
1078:Ulchs
1012:Benxi
912:Jilin
769:Prov.
633:Jilin
571:Liáo
565:Abbr.
519:Jilin
420:Dutch
388:Names
309:Argun
297:plain
277:Jilin
261:China
158:China
101:JSTOR
87:books
4858:Flag
4439:Time
4232:Rail
4080:Coal
3952:Navy
3722:LGBT
3429:Bays
3369:East
3226:Qing
3221:Ming
3216:Yuan
3206:Song
3201:Liao
3191:Tang
3104:Zhou
3097:Late
3067:Liao
2878:ISBN
2864:ISBN
2846:ISBN
2789:ISBN
2704:2015
2672:ISBN
2503:ISBN
2449:help
2402:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2274:help
2252:2010
1886:and
1863:and
1767:lit.
1728:lect
1695:and
1619:pigs
1609:and
1603:flax
1601:and
1593:and
1569:and
1557:and
1545:and
1527:coal
1464:and
1409:Huis
1344:and
1333:lit.
1257:Puyi
1094:Mohe
1072:(or
757:City
745:bold
695:黑龙江省
681:Hēi
497:Pass
378:and
346:and
323:and
321:Yalu
305:Amur
196:2022
164:Area
73:news
4477:Art
3957:Air
3704:Law
3186:Sui
3159:Han
3154:Wei
3144:Han
3139:Qin
3087:Xia
2477:ISO
2314:" .
1797:in
1752:東北話
1744:东北话
1730:is
1684:in
1389:东北人
1328:闖關東
1320:闯关东
1314:" (
1263:of
1227:to
1102:Yan
1076:),
719:HL
684:23
664:JL
640:吉林省
629:22
626:Jí
609:LN
585:辽宁省
574:21
509:东三省
505:東三省
287:of
259:of
249:or
193:GDP
56:by
4917::
3164:Wu
2858::
2812:.
2783:.
2695:.
2670:.
2662:.
2636:.
2617:.
2613:.
2487:^
2368:.
2243:.
2225:.
2207:.
2189:.
2171:.
2142:.
2105:.
1924:.
1882:.
1859:,
1855:,
1764:;
1754:;
1746:;
1711:.
1648:,
1644:,
1640:,
1541:,
1537:,
1533:,
1480:.
1431:,
1427:,
1423:,
1419:,
1403:,
1330:;
1322:;
1212:.
1204:,
1200:,
1196:,
1192:,
1188:,
1184:,
1180:,
1176:,
1172:,
1168:,
1164:,
1160:,
1156:,
1152:,
1148:,
1144:,
1140:,
1136:,
1132:,
1128:,
1124:,
1120:,
1116:,
1112:,
1108:,
1088:,
1080:,
1068:,
1025:LN
1008:10
1000:HL
975:LN
950:HL
925:JL
900:LN
875:JL
848:LN
823:HL
796:LN
537:GB
521:,
511:;
507:;
485:;
483:關東
477:;
475:关东
450:.
437:満州
374:,
370:,
366:,
335:.
307:,
275:,
233:;
231:东北
4737:"
4733:"
4730:"
4726:"
2934:e
2927:t
2920:v
2884:.
2852:.
2822:.
2797:.
2721:.
2706:.
2680:.
2647:.
2511:.
2475:(
2451:)
2444:7
2410:.
2362:*
2278:.
2276:)
2269:8
2254:.
2193:.
2175:.
2157:.
2076:.
1873:"
1869:"
1738:(
983:9
958:8
933:7
908:6
883:5
856:4
831:3
804:2
777:1
754:#
747:.
725:黑
670:吉
615:辽
503:(
469:(
433:(
225:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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