95:
70:
425:. The group is the subject of considerable debate about the taxonomic independence and relationships of the different forms, and it has been credibly argued that they all comprise merely one highly variable larger species that also includes the ecologically and morphologically separable fishes, including the following at least (some of which may be extinct):
1475:
51:
381:) abundance. Limited numbers have also reappeared in Lake Michigan's lower Green Bay. Numbers in Lakes Erie and Ontario remain far below historical levels. The reduced abundance is believed to result from the cumulative effects of several factors, including the expansion of non-native species such as alewife,
552:. In Ontario, the yield of northern cisco was 328 tonnes in 2018. This number is substantially lower than previous years dating back to 2012, all of which numbered over 350 tonnes. This decline was due to a reduction of quotas for commercial fisheries in hopes to combat a possible population decline.
568:
Northern cisco are fished recreationally in many parts of the United States and Canada. They are popular to catch, especially while ice fishing when they are more likely to be found in the shallower parts of the Great Lakes. Recreational fishing is not restricted to the Great Lakes. There is
547:
Commercial fishing for northern cisco in Lake
Superior and the Northern Channel of Lake Huron is a very important economical source for communities in the Great Lakes region. Commercial fishing for northern cisco began in the 1800s. Initially, in Lake Ontario, northern cisco were destroyed because
404:
in some parts of the range has undoubtedly contributed to the stresses on northern cisco populations. The populations are therefore believed to be more vulnerable to the effects of exploitation than previously, even at levels of harvest lower than what was once sustainable. The cisco is also very
408:
Northern cisco are fished commercially and for sport. In the early years of the fishery, herring provided some of the largest catches from the Great Lakes and, when salted down or smoked for preservation, provisioned much of the surrounding territory. Northern cisco roe is also valued on the
306:
This species occasionally grows as large as 40 cm and 2.3 kg (five pounds), but is more commonly 28 to 38 cm long and 170 to 907 grams (six ounces to two pounds) in weight. It is slender-bodied and silvery with pinkish iridescence on its sides.
559:
of northern cisco has become popular in
Scandinavian culture, and is the leading cause of demand for northern cisco in recent decades. Smaller northern cisco can also be gill-netted and sold as bait for use in recreational fishing.
397:). These species prey on and compete with various life stages of northern cisco. It is unclear what effect the annual stocking of several million non-native Pacific salmon in the Great Lakes has had on northern cisco.
372:
is much reduced from the levels of the 19th
Century. Once abundant in all five lakes, it is now common only in Lake Superior. The Lake Huron population has been increasing recently, perhaps as a consequence of low
548:
they were thought of as a nuisance. However, there is evidence of a turnaround in the perception of northern cisco by 1833, where northern cisco were targeted and thought of as better eating than the related
815:
314:
and insect larvae, although fish eggs and larvae, including those of their own species are also documented. Small fish, including some minnow species, are also known to be consumed at times.
704:
Kerr, S. J. 2010. Fish and
Fisheries Management in Ontario: A Chronology of Events. Biodiversity Branch. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Peterborough, Ontario. 80 p. + appendices.
1694:
1846:
1756:
1836:
303:
occurring in the midwater zone of cold water lakes in North
America. In the northern and western parts of its range it is also found in large rivers.
1668:
1707:
800:
555:
While northern cisco does play an important role in the diet of many people still, its primary utility from commercial sources is for its roe.
1800:
1782:
1795:
852:
636:
569:
unique popularity for ice fishing in Lake Simcoe, where the fishery reopened in 2015 after a successful population rehabilitation.
1856:
1808:
778:
1861:
317:
Northern cisco are preyed upon by a wide variety of predatory species, and have a particularly important place in the diet of
1712:
796:
654:
421:
The northern cisco or lake herring discussed above is one of several closely related North
American species or forms of
643:. Michigan Natural Features Inventory. 2007. Rare Species Explorer, Michigan State University, accessed August 14, 2012
653:
Eshenroder, R.L.; Vecsei, P.; Gorman, O.T.; Yule, D.L.; Pratt, T.C.; Mandrak, N.E.; Bunnell, D.B.; Muir, A.M. (2016).
369:
94:
1761:
401:
205:
31:
1190:
1387:
681:
1851:
1456:
1341:
845:
823:
1595:
1176:
944:
937:
1076:
1427:
1415:
1394:
1203:
965:
189:
1633:
1280:
1273:
1154:
1099:
1030:
1001:
1139:
1092:
1044:
1037:
973:
959:
1813:
1642:
1562:
1520:
1370:
1364:
1356:
1212:
1067:
922:
861:
225:
739:
Ontario
Ministry of Natural Resources, Northwestern Region Commercial Bait fish Procedure 1992.10.21
1496:
1441:
1434:
1421:
1169:
980:
915:
59:
1748:
1841:
1528:
1463:
1324:
1302:
1266:
1219:
1121:
1059:
1023:
994:
882:
838:
89:
610:
1735:
1699:
1401:
1197:
1183:
908:
1295:
1249:
987:
890:
605:
229:
1769:
1725:
1512:
1504:
1408:
1347:
1241:
1130:
1113:
640:
520:
512:
493:
455:
1647:
820:
ssp. (Teleostei: Salmonidae): implications for the conservation of an evolutionary legacy
631:
1447:
1257:
1105:
1051:
1007:
549:
503:
483:
465:
374:
136:
1830:
1720:
1332:
899:
774:
596:
433:
382:
326:
244:
79:
74:
587:
1308:
1160:
950:
422:
350:
300:
236:
1743:
1681:
1627:
390:
334:
311:
1618:
1577:
531:
318:
255:
248:
232:
156:
146:
17:
1487:
1083:
873:
247:
to one of the several types of cisco found e.g. in the Great Lakes, or in a
166:
106:
235:. The number of species and definition of species limits in North American
1774:
1655:
1612:
1545:
816:
Reticulate evolution and phenotypic diversity in North
American ciscoes,
787:
126:
1673:
1378:
1316:
1286:
830:
726:"Europe's Taste For Caviar Is Putting Pressure On A Great Lakes Fish".
358:
1660:
1686:
1233:
556:
342:
116:
1589:
405:
sensitive to changes in temperature and levels of dissolved oxygen.
251:
to the complex of all ciscoes in continental North
American lakes,
1554:
1015:
442:
1787:
1474:
1225:
1145:
474:
50:
1593:
834:
713:"Fisheries Statistics - Ontario Commercial Fisheries".
519:
Collectively, these fishes are often referred to as a
1602:
1540:
1482:
868:
664:) of the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Nipigon
30:"Tullibee" redirects here. For other uses, see
761:"Lake Simcoe Fishing - Lake Herring (Cisco)".
846:
8:
611:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5362A11123201.en
1590:
853:
839:
831:
68:
49:
38:
609:
273:is known variously with the common names
814:Turgeon, J. & Bernatchez, L. (2003)
801:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
578:
368:The abundance of northern cisco in the
7:
1847:Freshwater fish of the United States
365:) where the species overlap ranges.
239:is a matter of debate. Accordingly,
1837:IUCN Red List least concern species
597:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
748:"Lake Herring, Coregonus artedi".
25:
1328:(humpback whitefish or pidschian)
670:. Great Lakes Fishery Commission.
446:
445: — cisco, northern cisco or
224:, is a North American species of
1473:
93:
325:). It is also a common food of
1:
894:(European cisco or vendace)
1878:
1071:(Lake Constance whitefish)
586:Gimenez Dixon, M. (1996).
400:Additionally, substantial
370:North American Great Lakes
29:
1574:
1471:
402:environmental degradation
293:and its Anishinaabe name
195:
188:
90:Scientific classification
88:
66:
57:
48:
41:
32:Tullibee (disambiguation)
777:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
220:, commonly known as the
1857:Fish of the Great Lakes
791:. October 2004 version.
765:. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
752:. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
730:. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
717:. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
1862:Fish described in 1818
1524:(Bonneville whitefish)
1422:C. vandesius (vendace)
750:www.arctic.uoguelph.ca
409:international market.
310:Diet is predominantly
243:may refer either in a
1500:(Bear Lake whitefish)
824:Conservation Genetics
480:Coregonus nigripinnis
1532:(mountain whitefish)
1125:(Atlantic whitefish)
862:Freshwater whitefish
604:: e.T5362A11123201.
564:Recreational fishing
500:Coregonus zenithicus
379:Alosa pseudoharengus
323:Salvelinus namaycush
226:freshwater whitefish
490:Coregonus reighardi
331:Oncorhynchus mykiss
60:Conservation status
1558:(nelma or inconnu)
1253:(Alaska whitefish)
1207:(Peipsi whitefish)
886:(autumn brienzlig)
884:Coregonus albellus
797:"Coregonus artedi"
639:2016-06-27 at the
543:Commercial fishing
515:(possibly extinct)
496:(possibly extinct)
452:Coregonus johannae
395:Petromyzon marinus
269:Narrowly defined,
1824:
1823:
1596:Taxon identifiers
1584:
1583:
1516:(round whitefish)
1508:(pygmy whitefish)
1351:(shortnose cisco)
1245:(broad whitefish)
1191:C. macrophthalmus
1134:(deepwater cisco)
1117:(Ives Lake cisco)
430:Coregonus alpenae
213:
212:
83:
16:(Redirected from
1869:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1803:
1791:
1790:
1778:
1777:
1765:
1764:
1752:
1751:
1739:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1702:
1690:
1689:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1650:
1648:Coregonus_artedi
1638:
1637:
1636:
1634:Coregonus artedi
1623:
1622:
1621:
1604:Coregonus artedi
1591:
1477:
1451:(shortjaw cisco)
1388:C. subautumnalis
1261:(blackfin cisco)
1011:(lake whitefish)
855:
848:
841:
832:
811:
809:
807:
792:
781:Coregonus artedi
766:
763:sites.google.com
759:
753:
746:
740:
737:
731:
724:
718:
711:
705:
702:
696:
695:
693:
692:
678:
672:
671:
669:
650:
644:
633:Coregonus hubbsi
629:
623:
622:
620:
618:
613:
590:Coregonus artedi
583:
529:Coregonus artedi
525:Coregonus artedi
509:Coregonus hubbsi
440:Coregonus artedi
415:Coregonus artedi
355:Perca flavescens
271:Coregonus artedi
263:Coregonus artedi
253:Coregonus artedi
241:Coregonus artedi
217:Coregonus artedi
201:
199:Coregonus artedi
98:
97:
77:
72:
71:
53:
43:Coregonus artedi
39:
21:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1773:
1770:Observation.org
1768:
1760:
1755:
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1734:
1732:
1724:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1698:
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1667:
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1632:
1631:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1598:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1570:
1542:
1536:
1514:P. cylindraceum
1484:
1478:
1469:
1457:C. zuerichensis
1374:(sardine cisco)
1342:C. pravdinellus
1009:C. clupeaformis
903:(longjaw cisco)
870:
864:
859:
805:
803:
795:
773:
770:
769:
760:
756:
747:
743:
738:
734:
725:
721:
712:
708:
703:
699:
690:
688:
680:
679:
675:
667:
652:
651:
647:
641:Wayback Machine
630:
626:
616:
614:
585:
584:
580:
575:
566:
545:
540:
534:(broad sense).
527:complex, or as
521:species complex
513:Ives Lake cisco
494:shortnose cisco
456:deepwater cisco
419:
417:species complex
267:
209:
203:
197:
184:
92:
84:
73:
69:
62:
35:
28:
27:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:Fish of Canada
1849:
1844:
1839:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1805:
1792:
1779:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1730:
1717:
1704:
1691:
1678:
1665:
1652:
1639:
1624:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:S. leucichthys
1560:
1551:
1549:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:P. williamsoni
1526:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1419:
1416:C. ussuriensis
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1380:C. stigmaticus
1376:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1259:C. nigripinnis
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1227:C. migratorius
1223:
1216:
1209:
1205:C. maraenoides
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1164:(Bering cisco)
1158:
1151:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1073:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
967:C. baicalensis
963:
956:
954:(Arctic cisco)
948:
941:
934:
926:
919:
912:
905:
896:
888:
879:
877:
866:
865:
860:
858:
857:
850:
843:
835:
829:
828:
812:
793:
775:Froese, Rainer
768:
767:
754:
741:
732:
719:
706:
697:
682:"Lake herring"
673:
645:
624:
577:
576:
574:
571:
565:
562:
550:lake whitefish
544:
541:
539:
536:
517:
516:
506:
504:shortjaw cisco
497:
487:
484:blackfin cisco
477:
471:Coregonus kiyi
468:
462:Coregonus hoyi
459:
449:
437:
418:
411:
387:Osmerus mordax
363:Sander vitreum
279:northern cisco
266:
265:, narrow sense
260:
211:
210:
204:
193:
192:
186:
185:
181:C. artedi
178:
176:
172:
171:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
137:Actinopterygii
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
86:
85:
67:
64:
63:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
18:Northern cisco
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1874:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1566:(beloribitsa)
1565:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1522:P. spilonotus
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1498:P. abyssicola
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1449:C. zenithicus
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1372:C. sardinella
1369:
1367:
1366:
1365:C. restrictus
1361:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1288:C. oxyrinchus
1285:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1213:C. maxillaris
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1177:C. lucinensis
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1123:C. huntsmanni
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1069:C. gutturosus
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1017:C. clupeoides
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
996:
992:
990:
989:
985:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
961:
957:
955:
953:
952:C. autumnalis
949:
947:
946:
945:C. austriacus
942:
940:
939:
938:C. atterensis
935:
933:
931:
927:
925:
924:
923:C. arenicolus
920:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
906:
904:
902:
897:
895:
893:
889:
887:
885:
881:
880:
878:
876:
875:
867:
863:
856:
851:
849:
844:
842:
837:
836:
833:
826:
825:
821:
819:
813:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:
784:
782:
776:
772:
771:
764:
758:
755:
751:
745:
742:
736:
733:
729:
723:
720:
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710:
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701:
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687:
683:
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674:
666:
665:
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612:
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591:
582:
579:
572:
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40:
37:
33:
19:
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1586:
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1513:
1506:P. coulterii
1505:
1497:
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1462:
1455:
1448:
1442:C. widegreni
1440:
1435:C. wartmanni
1433:
1426:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
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1363:
1355:
1349:C. reighardi
1348:
1340:
1333:
1326:C. pidschian
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1211:
1204:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1170:C. lavaretus
1168:
1162:C. laurettae
1161:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:C. heglingus
1075:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1008:
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986:
981:C. bavaricus
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943:
936:
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921:
916:C. anaulorum
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351:yellow perch
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42:
36:
1744:NatureServe
1682:iNaturalist
1628:Wikispecies
1464:C. zugensis
1428:C. vessicus
1395:C. suidteri
1318:C. pennatii
1303:C. pallasii
1267:C. nilssoni
1251:C. nelsonii
1220:C. megalops
1132:C. johannae
1087:(gravenche)
1085:C. hiemalis
1061:C. fontanae
1055:(true fera)
1024:C. confusus
995:C. candidus
806:12 December
715:www.ocfa.ca
686:www.fws.gov
662:Leucichthys
660:, subgenus
391:sea lamprey
339:Esox lucius
312:zooplankton
296:Odoonibiins
249:broad sense
1831:Categories
1578:Salmonidae
1541:Members of
1483:Members of
1402:C. trybomi
1281:C. nobilis
1274:C. nipigon
1198:C. maraena
1184:C. lutokka
1155:C. ladogae
1100:C. holsata
1031:C. danneri
1002:C. chadary
909:C. alpinus
901:C. alpenae
869:Members of
691:2020-03-28
573:References
532:sensu lato
319:lake trout
299:. It is a
256:sensu lato
233:Salmonidae
157:Salmonidae
1842:Coregonus
1488:Prosopium
1382:(schelly)
1334:C. pollan
1320:(gwyniad)
1296:C. palaea
1290:(houting)
1235:C. muksun
1140:C. kiletz
1115:C. hubbsi
1109:(bloater)
1093:C. hoferi
1045:C. fatioi
1038:C. duplex
988:C. bezola
974:C. baunti
960:C. baerii
930:C. artedi
892:C. albula
874:Coregonus
827:4: 67–81.
818:Coregonus
658:Coregonus
656:Ciscoes (
486:(extinct)
458:(extinct)
436:(extinct)
347:Lota lota
175:Species:
168:Coregonus
113:Kingdom:
107:Eukaryota
1749:2.104933
1700:10154157
1656:FishBase
1619:Q2234656
1613:Wikidata
1556:S. nelma
1546:Stenodus
1409:C. tugun
1357:C. renke
1336:(pollan)
1310:C. peled
1243:C. nasus
1237:(muksun)
788:FishBase
637:Archived
511: —
502: —
492: —
482: —
473: —
464: —
454: —
432: —
291:tullibee
153:Family:
127:Chordata
123:Phylum:
117:Animalia
103:Domain:
80:IUCN 2.3
1674:2351092
1576:Family
1312:(peled)
1147:C. kiyi
1107:C. hoyi
1053:C. fera
932:(cisco)
728:NPR.org
538:Fishing
466:bloater
375:alewife
359:walleye
237:ciscoes
228:in the
206:Lesueur
163:Genus:
143:Order:
133:Class:
78: (
1814:158725
1788:158725
1775:794928
1713:623384
1543:genus
1485:genus
1229:(omul)
1149:(kiyi)
871:genus
557:Caviar
523:, the
389:) and
357:) and
343:burbot
230:family
208:, 1818
1809:WoRMS
1801:cisco
1762:36181
1733:NAS:
1695:IRMNG
1687:98438
668:(PDF)
617:1 May
423:cisco
275:cisco
222:cisco
1796:ODNR
1783:OBIS
1757:NCBI
1726:5362
1721:IUCN
1708:ITIS
1669:GBIF
808:2004
619:2023
602:1996
475:kiyi
413:The
287:chub
1736:886
1661:235
1643:ADW
606:doi
353:, (
349:),
341:),
333:),
289:or
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1362:†
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
