223:(PIO) as it neared the lake bed. At the core of this problem was the fact that the wings of the M2-F2 (essentially the body of the aircraft) produced considerably less roll authority than most aircraft. This resulted in less force available to the pilot to control the aircraft in roll. The vehicle rolled from side to side in flight as he tried to bring it under control. Peterson recovered, but then observed a rescue helicopter that seemed to pose a collision threat. Distracted, Peterson drifted in a crosswind to an unmarked area of the lake bed where it was very difficult to judge the height over the ground because of a lack of guidance (the markers provided on the lake bed runway).
207:
811:
29:
214:
Before powered flights were undertaken, a series of glide flights were conducted. On May 10, 1967, the sixteenth and last glide flight ended in disaster as the vehicle slammed into the lake bed on landing. With test pilot
179:, both built by the Northrop Corporation. The "M" refers to "manned" and "F" refers to "flight" version. "HL" comes from "horizontal landing" and 10 is for the tenth lifting body model to be investigated by Langley.
230:
was fully down and locked. The M2-F2 rolled over six times, coming to rest upside down. Pulled from the vehicle by Jay King and Joseph Huxman, Peterson was rushed to the base hospital, transferred to the
303:
The M2-F2/F3 was the first of the heavyweight, entry-configuration lifting bodies. Its successful development as a research test vehicle answered many of the generic questions about these vehicles.
2824:
2274:
292:
realized the M2-F2 had lateral control problems, even though it had a stability augmentation control system. When the M2-F2 was rebuilt at Dryden and redesignated the
198:
from the B-52 carrier aircraft's wing pylon at an altitude of 45,000 ft (14,000 m) and reached a speed of about 450 mph (720 km/h; 390 kn).
1117:
461:
Unpowered glide. Determine control damper requirements, lift-drag ratio, elevon response, flap effectiveness and longitudinal stability and control.
433:
Unpowered glide. Determine effect of increasing Mach number, minimum damper requirements, testing of longitudinal and lateral stability and control.
2558:
1012:
2267:
2829:
1013:"50 years to orbit: Dream Chaser's crazy Cold War backstory: The reusable mini-spaceplane is back from the dead—again—and prepping for space"
236:
2661:
1180:
Note: Northrop company designations include a wide variety of technologies. Only aircraft, aero engines, and missiles are linked here.
1079:
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405:
Unpowered glide. Determination of lateral stability control, longitudinal trim, vehicle performance and landing characteristics.
2252:
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1909:
1741:
1110:
810:
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1103:
1084:
252:
685:
Unpowered glide. Obtain stability and control data at 7 and 11 degree attack angles and upper flap effectiveness.
250:
Portions of M2-F2 footage including
Peterson's spectacular crash landing were used for the 1973 television series
2146:
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Unpowered glide. Explore lateral and longitudinal stability and control characteristics with dampers on and off.
220:
168:
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program led to NASA's development and construction of two heavyweight lifting bodies based on studies at NASA's
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1914:
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liquid-fuelled rocket motor, 8,000 lbf (36 kN) thrust with four combustion chamber/nozzle assemblies
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Unpowered glide. Evaluate 360 degree overhead approach, determine control damper-off handling qualities.
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Peterson fired the landing rockets to provide additional lift, but he hit the lake bed before the
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Unpowered glide. Test stability and control, determine vehicle performance characteristics.
713:
Unpowered glide. Test stability and control, determine vehicle performance characteristics.
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152:'s Ames and Langley research centers and built by the Northrop Corporation in 1966.
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The M2-F2 went on to star in the opening credits of "The Six
Million Dollar Man,"
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573:
Unpowered glide. Longitudinal and lateral stability and control with dampers.
164:
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1085:
Wingless Flight: The
Lifting Body Story. NASA History Series SP-4220 1997 PDF
2746:
2578:
2553:
2455:
2425:
2415:
1696:
256:
though some shots during the opening credits of the series showed the later
240:
28:
182:
On March 23, 1966 the M2-F2 made its first captive flight—attached to the
2370:
2355:
2350:
2325:
2310:
2305:
289:
285:
187:
601:
Unpowered glide. Complete pilot checkout and extend flight envelope.
300:—centered between the tip fins to improve control characteristics.
205:
282:
149:
83:
2256:
1099:
297:
267:
Four pilots flew the M2-F2 on its 16 glide flights. They were
809:
377:
First M2-F2 Flight. Unpowered glide. 320 km/h landing.
260:
model, during release from its carrier plane, a modified
190:
flight of the M2-F2 was on July 12, 1966, piloted by
296:, it was modified with an additional third vertical
239:
Hospital. He recovered but lost vision in his right
2739:
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2119:
2101:
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1980:
1964:
1928:
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1837:
1796:
1760:
1753:
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1174:
1143:
1134:
944:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
128:
118:
110:
102:
97:
89:
79:
71:
59:
51:
40:
35:
21:
275:(three flights), Don Sorlie (three flights) and
2268:
1111:
8:
1070:Most of text taken from NASA Dryden webpage.
186:carrier aircraft throughout. The first free
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18:
2825:1960s United States experimental aircraft
901:405 kn (466 mph, 750 km/h)
913:8.6 nmi (9.9 mi, 15.9 km)
318:
978:
925:43.2 lb/sq ft (211 kg/m)
219:at the controls, the M2-F2 suffered a
7:
175:research centers—the M2-F2 and the
1080:NASA Dryden M2-F2 Video Collection
1075:NASA Dryden M2-F2 Photo Collection
840:22 ft 2 in (6.76 m)
14:
852:9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
846:9 ft 8 in (2.95 m)
657:Unpowered glide. Pilot checkout.
545:Unpowered glide. Pilot checkout.
517:Unpowered glide. Pilot checkout.
315:- NASA 803, 16 unpowered flights
27:
858:160 sq ft (15 m)
814:NASA M2-F2 Lifting body diagram
919:45,000 ft (14,000 m)
1:
1129:aircraft and aircraft engines
1042:"1967 M2-F2 Crash at Edwards"
1011:Klingler, Dave (2012-09-06).
987:"1967 M2-F2 Crash at Edwards"
876:7,485 lb (3,395 kg)
870:6,000 lb (2,722 kg)
864:4,620 lb (2,096 kg)
2830:Gliding in the United States
210:The crash site of the M2-F2
2851:
2797:Assigned to multiple types
253:The Six Million Dollar Man
2790:
2291:) designations since 1941
2240:
326:
221:pilot induced oscillation
26:
2835:Rocket-powered aircraft
2297:Supersonic/special test
825:General characteristics
46:technology demonstrator
884:Reaction Motors XLR-11
815:
806:Specifications (M2-F2)
235:Hospital and then the
211:
16:Lifting body prototype
2285:experimental aircraft
2283:USAF / Joint Service
813:
209:
233:March Air Force Base
148:based on studies at
1092:of Peterson's crash
874:Max takeoff weight:
583:September 28, 1966
555:September 22, 1966
527:September 20, 1966
499:September 15, 1966
202:Operational history
36:General information
2337:"X" (1948–present)
816:
723:November 21, 1966
695:November 14, 1966
471:September 2, 1966
269:Milton O. Thompson
212:
192:Milton O. Thompson
144:was a heavyweight
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769:Unpowered glide.
667:October 26, 1966
639:October 12, 1966
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917:Service ceiling:
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611:October 5, 1966
443:August 24, 1966
415:August 12, 1966
319:
279:(five flights).
271:(five flights),
75:Rebuilt as M2-F3
31:
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2299:"S" (1946–1947)
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2177:Freedom Fighter
2115:
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797:Unpowered glide
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160:The success of
158:
52:National origin
17:
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1929:Reconnaissance
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1144:'Greek' series
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1064:External links
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905:Maximum speed:
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799:Crash landing
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387:July 19, 1966
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359:July 12, 1966
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273:Bruce Peterson
245:staphylococcal
217:Bruce Peterson
203:
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157:
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142:Northrop M2-F2
136:
135:
133:Northrop M2-F3
130:
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119:Developed from
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1046:Check-Six.com
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1017:Ars Technical
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991:Check-Six.com
988:
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963:
961:
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951:
948:
947:
946:
945:
938:
933:
931:
930:Thrust/weight
927:
924:
923:Wing loading:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
896:
895:
893:
885:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:Gross weight:
866:
863:
862:Empty weight:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
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839:
836:
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829:
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779:May 10, 1967
778:
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353:
352:
348:
345:
340:
335:
332:
329:
321:
320:
314:
311:
310:
307:M2-F2 flights
306:
304:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:
280:
278:
274:
270:
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263:
259:
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70:
67:
64:
62:
58:
55:United States
54:
50:
47:
44:Lifting body
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2794:Not assigned
2766:
2335:Experimental
2142:Black Bullet
2063:
2032:Experimental
1179:
1137:designations
1135:Manufacturer
1049:. Retrieved
1045:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1020:. Retrieved
1016:
1006:
994:. Retrieved
990:
981:
969:
943:
942:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
891:
889:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
824:
822:
818:
817:
774:
751:May 2, 1967
746:
718:
690:
662:
634:
606:
578:
550:
522:
494:
466:
438:
410:
382:
354:
312:
302:
281:
277:Jerry Gentry
266:
251:
249:
228:landing gear
225:
213:
181:
159:
146:lifting body
141:
139:
106:12 July 1966
103:First flight
90:Number built
80:Primary user
61:Manufacturer
2487:26–50
2147:Black Widow
1900:CF-5/CF-116
892:Performance
880:Powerplant:
290:researchers
247:infection.
156:Development
114:10 May 1967
2814:Categories
2800:Unofficial
2592:X-44 (UAV)
2587:X-44 MANTA
2344:1–25
2242:See also:
2232:Tigershark
2079:Tacit Blue
1981:Transports
1778:A-17/Nomad
1721:'P' series
1175:'N' series
1022:2012-09-07
973:References
907:Mach 0.707
856:Wing area:
313:NASA M2-F2
123:NASA M2-F1
2645:51–
844:Wingspan:
819:Data from
794:00:03:43
782:Peterson
775:M2-F2 #16
766:00:03:51
747:M2-F2 #15
738:00:03:50
719:M2-F2 #14
710:00:04:21
691:M2-F2 #13
682:00:03:47
663:M2-F2 #12
654:00:03:54
635:M2-F2 #11
626:00:03:45
607:M2-F2 #10
598:00:03:53
570:00:03:53
558:Peterson
542:00:03:31
514:00:03:30
502:Peterson
486:00:03:46
474:Thompson
458:00:04:01
446:Thompson
430:00:04:38
418:Thompson
402:00:04:05
390:Thompson
374:00:03:37
362:Thompson
349:Comments
346:Duration
343:(meters)
324:Flight #
243:due to a
194:. He was
2740:See also
2212:Scorpion
2207:Reporter
2102:Aircraft
1965:Trainers
1854:Fighters
1127:Northrop
1051:14 April
996:14 April
939:See also
579:M2-F2 #9
551:M2-F2 #8
523:M2-F2 #7
495:M2-F2 #6
467:M2-F2 #5
439:M2-F2 #4
411:M2-F2 #3
383:M2-F2 #2
355:M2-F2 #1
341:Altitude
336:Velocity
162:Dryden's
129:Variants
66:Northrop
2289:X-plane
2197:Pioneer
2167:Dervish
2104:engines
1797:Bombers
1754:By role
850:Height:
838:Length:
791:13,716
763:13,716
754:Gentry
735:13,716
726:Gentry
707:13,716
698:Gentry
679:13,716
670:Gentry
651:13,716
642:Gentry
623:13,716
614:Sorlie
595:13,716
586:Sorlie
567:13,716
539:13,716
530:Sorlie
511:13,716
483:13,716
455:13,716
427:13,716
399:13,716
371:13,716
338:(km/h)
322:Vehicle
196:dropped
188:gliding
173:Langley
111:Retired
98:History
2222:Spirit
2202:Raider
2187:Hornet
2157:Chukar
2152:Boojum
2132:Bantam
2059:MX-334
2054:MX-324
2018:YC-125
1838:Drones
1761:Attack
911:Range:
785:0.612
757:0.623
729:0.695
701:0.681
673:0.605
645:0.662
617:0.615
589:0.672
561:0.661
533:0.635
505:0.705
477:0.707
449:0.676
421:0.619
393:0.598
365:0.646
330:Pilot
286:pilots
72:Status
2782:XQ-67
2777:XQ-58
2772:M2-F3
2767:M2-F2
2762:M2-F1
2757:HL-10
2752:HiMAT
2619:X-47C
2614:X-47B
2583:X-44
2471:X-24C
2227:Talon
2217:Snark
2192:Nomad
2182:Gamma
2162:Delta
2127:Alpha
2120:Names
2074:HL-10
2069:M2-F3
2064:M2-F2
2013:C-100
2003:Delta
1998:Gamma
1988:Alpha
1956:N-204
1951:N-165
1941:RF-61
1920:YF-23
1910:F-18L
1905:YF-17
1876:XP-79
1866:XP-56
1809:YB-49
1804:YB-35
1783:N-3PB
1773:XA-16
1768:YA-13
1712:N-381
1707:N-370
1702:N-353
1697:N-330
1692:N-322
1687:N-321
1682:N-320
1677:N-311
1672:N-307
1667:N-306
1662:N-305
1657:N-304
1652:N-303
1647:N-302
1642:N-301
1637:N-300
1632:N-285
1627:N-267
1622:N-251
1617:N-250
1612:N-205
1607:N-204
1602:N-165
1597:N-156
1592:N-155
1587:N-151
1582:N-150
1577:N-149
1572:N-144
1567:N-141
1562:N-138
1557:N-135
1552:N-134
1547:N-133
1542:N-132
1537:N-124
1532:N-117
1527:N-112
1522:N-111
1517:N-110
1512:N-105
1507:N-103
1502:N-102
1293:N-25A
1166:Delta
1161:Gamma
1151:Alpha
1090:Video
965:HL-10
960:M2-F3
955:M2-F1
832:Crew:
333:Mach
327:Date
294:M2-F3
258:HL-10
177:HL-10
165:M2-F1
22:M2-F2
2747:AD-1
2727:X-66
2722:X-65
2717:X-64
2712:X-63
2707:X-62
2702:X-61
2697:X-60
2692:X-59
2687:X-58
2682:X-57
2677:X-56
2672:X-55
2667:X-54
2662:X-53
2657:X-52
2652:X-51
2636:X-50
2631:X-49
2626:X-48
2609:X-47
2604:X-46
2599:X-45
2579:X-43
2574:X-42
2569:X-41
2564:X-40
2559:X-39
2554:X-38
2549:X-37
2544:X-36
2539:X-35
2534:X-34
2529:X-33
2524:X-32
2519:X-31
2514:X-30
2509:X-29
2504:X-28
2499:X-27
2494:X-26
2478:X-25
2466:X-24
2461:X-23
2456:X-22
2451:X-21
2446:X-20
2441:X-19
2436:X-18
2431:X-17
2426:X-16
2421:X-15
2416:X-14
2411:X-13
2406:X-12
2401:X-11
2396:X-10
2244:TR-3
2172:Fang
2137:Beta
2111:XT37
2089:X-21
2049:JB-1
2044:N-9M
2039:N-1M
2008:C-19
1993:Beta
1972:T-38
1946:RF-5
1936:F-15
1915:F-20
1881:F-89
1871:P-61
1814:B-62
1788:YA-9
1742:P630
1737:P610
1732:P600
1727:P530
1497:N-96
1492:N-94
1487:N-87
1482:N-86
1477:N-84
1472:N-82
1467:N-81
1462:N-74
1457:N-73
1452:N-72
1447:N-71
1442:N-69
1437:N-68
1432:N-67
1427:N-65
1422:N-63
1417:N-60
1412:N-59
1407:N-55
1402:N-54
1397:N-52
1392:N-51
1387:N-50
1382:N-49
1377:N-48
1372:N-47
1367:N-46
1362:N-45
1357:N-41
1352:N-40
1347:N-39
1342:N-38
1337:N-37
1332:N-36
1327:N-35
1322:N-34
1317:N-32
1312:N-31
1307:N-29
1302:N-26
1288:N-24
1283:N-23
1278:N-21
1273:N-20
1268:N-19
1263:N-18
1258:N-16
1253:N-15
1248:N-14
1243:N-12
1238:N-10
1156:Beta
1053:2017
998:2017
950:X-24
882:1 Ă—
788:649
760:661
732:735
704:716
676:642
648:702
620:692
592:713
564:702
536:678
508:750
480:750
452:718
424:692
396:634
368:727
288:and
283:NASA
262:B-52
237:UCLA
184:B-52
171:and
169:Ames
150:NASA
140:The
84:NASA
41:Type
2391:X-9
2386:X-8
2381:X-7
2376:X-6
2371:X-5
2366:X-4
2361:X-3
2356:X-2
2351:X-1
2326:S-5
2321:S-4
2316:S-3
2311:S-2
2306:S-1
2084:X-4
1896:F-5
1891:F2T
1886:XFT
1845:Q-4
1829:B-2
1824:B2T
1229:N-9
1224:N-8
1219:N-7
1214:N-6
1209:N-5
1204:N-4
1199:N-3
1194:N-2
1185:N-1
934:1.3
298:fin
241:eye
2816::
2023:RT
1861:3A
1819:BT
1044:.
1025:.
1015:.
989:.
264:.
2287:(
2276:e
2269:t
2262:v
1898:/
1297:B
1295:/
1233:M
1231:/
1189:M
1187:/
1119:e
1112:t
1105:v
1055:.
1000:.
932::
834:1
93:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
