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cities they served. Informal discussions to pool international routes started in 1947, after all three companies had suffered losses on these routes. After SILA and
Aerotransport merged, negotiations started between the three. The brand name "Scandinavian Airlines System" was to be used on all flights, domestic and international, and the airlines would coordinate their services to avoid parallel flights. Domestic scheduling would remain at the discretion of each national airline. DNL would then close its Swedish and Danish offices, and retain Scandinavian offices in other European cities. The pool agreement, which became known as European Scandinavian Airlines System (EASA), was taken into use on 18 April 1948.
961:
673:
326:
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534:(BDS). Fred. Olsen wanted a partner for DNL, in part to strengthen its geographic spread, and meetings were held between Olsen family and Falck to introduce the Bergen-based company as a partner in DNL. On 7 November 1934, Bergenske became a partner in DNL, and the company renamed Det Norske Luftfartselskap Fred. Olsen og Bergenske A/S. Johan Wulfsberg from BDS became a board member of DNL. As a reply to DNL's new concession application to make short-term sea plane routes using a
1064:. The Swedish government did not want to participate with less than a 50% share, and preferably as a majority owner. It was stated that this was because they had half the population and the only organization capable of operating intercontinental routes. On 1 August, Overseas Scandinavian Airlines System was established, where DNL received a 2/7 ownership. The consortium received its head office in Stockholm, but would also serve Copenhagen and Oslo with intercontinental flights.
511:
753:. Part of the reason for the route was that transport to the Soviet Union could not go via Germany, where the only contemporary international flights from Oslo went. However, the Stockholm-service was not profitable, and terminated on 31 July. Stavanger Airport, Sola opened on 30 May, but with only a single land airport, no routes were started by DNL. In cooperation with DDL, Lufthansa and ABA, DNL entered the pool that flew the route from Oslo via Gothenburg to Copenhagen.
848:
1112:
2572:
867:, who used surplus aircraft to operate a limited number of routes. At the same time, Thomas Olsen and Thomas Falck started mobilizing among shipowners and other businesspeople to raise capital for DNL, while at the same time trying to ensure the employment of military pilots, navigation officers and other people with aviation competence. Egil Gløersen was sent to the United States to study the operations of
773:
cooperating on their own transatlantic route via
Iceland and Newfoundland. In 1940, a delegation was sent to the United States, where it negotiated the necessary permissions from the American authorities and purchase rights for aircraft. After the break-out of World War II, the United States had become more interested in a northern transatlantic route, so it could reach the neutral Scandinavian countries.
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administrative level; there were also concerns from Norway that administrative and operative staff were leaking to the ESAS head office in
Copenhagen and the OSAS head office in Stockholm, without any similar build-up of competence in Norway. Because of the way the costs were divided between the pool partners, DNL was also receiving smaller margins that the others.
3161:
1082:, and started charter traffic, mainly to Asia. From 14 January 1949, Braathens SAFE received a five-year concession to operate a route from Oslo to various cities in Asia. This forced OSAS to plan its Asia-routes using only Swedish and Danish crew and planes, and not operate from Oslo. This was followed by SAS on 26 October, when they opened a DC-6 route to
942:
745:. A night post route was flown from Oslo to Gothenburg. During the five months of operation, the airline flew 339,116 kilometres (210,717 mi) and transported 2,300 passengers. From 1937, the state received the right to appoint two of the company's eight board members. That year also saw DNL start its first international route, when
1032:. There were internal protests against the purchase of the Sandringhams, since they were regarded as unsuited for Norway. They incurred high operating costs and all three of the original aircraft crashed within four years. The land DC-3s were used on international routes, while the sea planes were used on domestic routes.
463:, with a proposal for a ten-year concessions using land planes. Routes were to start off with a five-month service, and gradually increase to a full-year service from 1940. The company stated that it needed NOK 500,000 annually in support from the state and Norway Post for the service. In 1933, the brothers
558:
dissolved or take over the smaller seaplane routes. The state was permitted to appoint a member of the schedule planning committee. The company received a share capital of NOK 1.6 million. DNL bought 51% of Widerøe, and the airline continued without scheduled services, operating air taxi, school and
900:
between NOK 25 and 30 million to insure more owners, since the original NOK 15 million had already been sold. The cabinet was also granted permission to at their discretion purchase shares for an addition NOK 5 million. A 20-year concession was granted to DNL by parliament on 15 February.
908:
and two DC-4. On 27 March, public sales of shares started, which raised an additional NOK 3.7 million from 1,900 purchasers. Total share capital was NOK 25.2 million, with the state owning 20%, Fred. Olsen and
Bergenske 10% each. In total, 49% of the shares were owned by shipping companies,
899:
By then, the Civil
Aviation Board had procured two DC-4 for NOK 7.7 million, which would be transferred to DNL. From 21 January, an interim board was appointed for DNL, led by Falck. When the proposition reached parliament, it was decided that the share capital in the company should be raised to
817:
and used in Allied convoys. The
Norwegian authorities in exile were also distrustful of DNL, because the airline had taken initiative to operate a route, essentially helping the German forces. There was also an uncertainty as to whether the national airline of Norway should continue to be private, or
475:
in 1934—also applied for routes in the same areas, but using sea planes on the route from Oslo via
Kristiansand and Stavanger to Haugesund. Also Norske Luftruter applied, but a three-year concession was granted to Widerøe. The government stated that no airports had been built yet, and would not be in
1094:
The SAS cooperation initially only considered intercontinental traffic, and the three national airlines continued to compete on inter-Scandinavian and
European traffic. All three were represented with sales offices in each of the other countries, and all three maintained sales offices in all foreign
891:
or a state-owned limited company, permitting several airlines to operate the different routes, and looked at the possibility that the shipowners were purchasing DNL shares to hinder competition with their shipping lines. It concluded with a part private, part state-owned company was preferred, and
1102:
While ESAS proved profitable for
Aerotransport and DDL, it became a burden for DNL. The former two had a much closer overlap between their routes, while DNL had operated without direct competition with the other two on most of its routes. Instead of coordinating resources, ESAS had become another
903:
In
February, DNL procured a four-story building in Oslo City Center, and continued and a hangar at Fornebu. The company started to acquire offices in the various cities it was going to serve; within a few weeks of parliament's decision, DNL had 300 employees, and by June it reached 1,500, with an
772:
and Aerotransport planned to start a route from Foynes via Stavanger, Oslo and Stockholm to Moscow. However, Pan Am decided to move the route to the Azores when it commenced in 1939 and DNL's Shannon-plans were terminated. Following this, the Nordic airlines started negotiating the possibility of
878:
The task of making a recommendation for a permanent solution for the national airline was given to a new Civil Aviation Board, which had Falck as a board member. They came with their recommendation on 28 November 1945, which favored a single, privately owned Norwegian flag carrier, with a broad
557:
Falck took contact with the other four shipping companies, and on 18 December the six shipping companies agreed to merge their interests into DNL. Ownership was split 40% by Fred. Olsen, 38% by Bergenske and 22% by the other four shipping companies. Widerøe was initially planned to be either
1098:
Per M. Backe became CEO of OSAS, and was replaced by Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen. ESAS had two opposing goals: to operate the partner's aircraft along the 3–2–2 ratio, and operate them most rationally. Because of the un-unified fleet composition, these were often not possible to combine. DNL lost
980:
on 29 April. On 22 May, 13 people were killed in an accident at Fornebu. The first domestic route, from Trondheim to Tromsø, opened on 27 May, followed by a route from Tromsø to Kirkenes on 13 October. In October, several new routes opened, including the reopening of the Stockholm route via
392:
In 1930, the government appointed a civil aviation commission, led by Admiral von der Lippe, to consider all aspects of civil aviation in Norway. It concluded in 1932, and recommended that a single, large national airline be established. The same year, the Municipality of Oslo and the
634:, Kristiansand, Stavanger and Haugesund. It cost NOK 95 to fly the full journey. During the first season, DNL transported 3,214 passengers and 31.6 tonnes (31.1 long tons; 34.8 short tons) of mail. It also took over Norwegian representation for Aerotransport, DDL, KLM,
909:
19.5% by banks, insurance, trade and industrial companies, and 12% by individuals. At least 75% of the company had to be owned by the state, Norwegian citizens or companies controlled by Norwegians. All the major shipping companies supported DNL with capital, except
424:—since 1921 director of the Civil Aviation Council—as managing director. The Olsen brothers and Müller were all elected to the board. The company's initial plans were to gain the operating rights for the airports which were under construction, including Fornebu;
776:
Oslo Airport, Fornebu opened on 1 June 1939, and later the same month so did Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik. DNL had made arrangements to pool the operations from Oslo via Kristiansand to Amsterdam with KLM. The route was initially operated with a
928:
Det Norske Luftfartselskap A/S was founded on 2 July 1946; it took the name, part of the personnel and the agreements and arrangements DNL had. Det Norske Luftfartselskap Fred. Olsen & Bergenske was bought by Fred. Olsen, and became
573:, plus the international route from Oslo via Kristiansand to Amsterdam. DNL received NOK 200,000 in state grants, plus NOK 100,000 from Norway Post, for the first year of operation. DNL decided to purchase a three-engine
1099:
NOK 17 million in 1948, in part because it had the least efficient aircraft and received no compensation for its higher operating costs. To remain liquid, DNL received NOK 35 in capital from the state through loans.
801:
during the resistance, but also these were terminated after the German forces took control of the whole country. From 26 September, three weekly services were operated from Trondheim to Tromsø, with two of these continuing to
621:
and later received DNL's livery. Operations were scheduled to commence on 7 June, but fog forced a delay until 11 June. After that there were flown 180 trips with a 100% regularity. Training was done by German crew on board
420:—all within the Fred. Olsen sphere—as owners. The airline was established with a share capital of NOK 750,000 and took over the former DNL. The new company was named Det Norske Luftfartselskap Fred. Olsen A/S and hired
569:. They wanted to stimulate the economy through public investments, and decided that construction of airports was to be accelerated. On 5 April, DNL was granted concession for a sea plane route along the coast from Oslo to
718:. However, after the aircraft was delivered and three weeks before the route was to be inaugurated, Pan Am changed their mind, canceled the agreement and decided that the transatlantic route should instead operate via
822:
to look at all matters regarding civil aviation. It was this board which was permitted to negotiate traffic rights with other countries, make purchase rights of aircraft and participated in the foundation of the
797:
on 9 April 1940, all international routes and operations in Southern Norway were terminated. Two aircraft were requisitioned by the German forces and sent to Germany. A limited service was kept in
1067:
The agreement meant that DNL had to transfer employees to Stockholm and the airline made its two DC-4 aircraft available for SAS. To begin with, Oslo received one of the two weekly services to
887:
did its best election ever, receiving 11 seats. A proposition was made by the Ministry of Defense on 18 January 1946, and sent to parliament. It discussed several options, such as creating a
972:
opened, and on 15 April from Oslo to Stockholm, and on the same day, some of the Copenhagen routes started stopping in Gothenburg. the route to Copenhagen was extended from Copenhagen to
479:
Riiser-Larsen went on a national lecture tour to gain support for civil aviation from local politicians and businesspeople. He also negotiated agreements to pool flights to Sweden with
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813:
The airline suffered from a general mistrust both from the German and Allied authorities. The Germans generally did not trust any shipowners, since these had their fleet organized in
2244:
2041:
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After the liberation of Norway on 8 May 1945, the Norwegian Civil Aviation Board started to initiate operations of civilian airliners. For 1945, the task was given to the
157:
699:
route between Norway and the United States. DNL argued that Norway's location made it an ideal base for the European flights to North America. Pan Am would operate from
585:
were hired to manage the company, while marketing and sales were done by Fred. Olsen. Terje Rabben was employed to run the DNL operations from the base at Gressholmen.
3243:
412:, announced their plans to establish a national airline. The foundation of the company was made on 16 October 1933, with Thomas Olsen, Rudolf Olsen, Johan L. MĂĽller,
2301:
707:, while DNL would operate the service from ReykjavĂk to Bergen and onwards to various destinations in Europe. The contract was signed in March and DNL bought a
875:. On a meeting on 17 July, Norway's nine largest shipping companies agreed to raise NOK 15 to 20 million in share capital, and the company to join IATA.
2608:
2025:
3126:
3218:
3213:
933:(Fred. Olsen Flyselskap). That company received the rights to seek compensation for any requisitions and other costs incurred by the German invasion.
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and the main shareholder. On 18 June, the share capital was raised to NOK 50,000, including a 20% stake owned by the Municipality of Oslo and
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appointed a committee with the goal of building a civilian airport near Oslo. It concluded in June, and recommended that the airport be built at
214:. Founded in 1927, it operated domestic and international routes from 1935 to 1941 and from 1946 to 1951. It became one of the three founders of
839:
at the end of the war; they had initially planned on selling some to DDL and DNL, but were not permitted to negotiate any agreements with DNL.
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with seven intermediate stops. At first there were two round trips per month, but from 1950 this was increased to two per week.
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543:
810:. This was terminated on 20 March, after most of DNL's pilots had fled to the United Kingdom to support the allied forces.
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2144:
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Negotiations between DNL, DDL and Aerotransport to consolidate their transatlantic operations started on 2 February 1946.
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if a state-owned airline should be established. To look at the issue, the Norwegian authorities-in-exile established the
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460:
425:
215:
137:
119:
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On 26 May 1946, a DNL Junkers Ju 52 from Oslo en route to Stockholm crashed into the houses at Halden Terrasse near
968:
Operations started on 1 April 1946, from Oslo to Copenhagen. Eight days later, the route from Oslo via Stavanger to
879:
ownership, who would receive a concession for the operation of all domestic and international routes. Following the
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the following year, allowing five other shipping companies a partial ownership and changing the company's name to
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had started services from Stockholm to New York, but a consortium was discussed whereby the three airlines would
884:
864:
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719:
566:
538:, the government urged DNL to make an alliance or merger with Widerøe. By then, four regional shipping companies—
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that the state should purchase shares for NOK 5 million. While the Labor Party at the time was in favor of
551:
2891:
2486:
2414:
1210:
1189:
930:
492:
2119:
896:, the proposition stated that this was a possibility to limit the state's spending of dearly needed capital.
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1969:
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after take-off, due to a technical error on the aircraft. Thirteen of fourteen people on board were killed.
444:. Domestically, the airline wanted to operate the route from Oslo to Kristiansand and from Kristiansand to
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2703:
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and New York, but all traffic from Norway had to transfer in Copenhagen for the service to South America.
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1008:. Five Junkers Ju 52 seaplanes were used, based on ten aircraft left by the German forces. Two of these,
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2635:
2439:
1999:
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856:
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to pool transatlantic flights. In 1948, all of DNL's services were re-branded as SAS and pooled through
262:
106:
24:
2926:
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325:
245:
took over the assets of a failed airline with the same name from 1927. After taking over the incumbent
1270:, en route from Bergen to Tromsø, crashed into a mountain wall, hidden behind a cloud, at Lihesten in
1024:, respectively), had been used by DNL before the war. On 16 July, the board decided to purchase three
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370:
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from Lufthansa. It was delivered on 7 June and initially kept the blue Lufthansa livery, including a
405:
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242:
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997:, from Bergen via Haugesund and Stavanger to Kristiansand, an extension of the Copenhagen route to
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On 1 September 1933, the Oslo-based shipping company Fred. Olsen & Co., owned by the brothers
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1962:
1405:
1075:
914:
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491:. By early 1934, DNL decided that they would instead apply for initial seaplane routes using two
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Passengers boarding a Norwegian Air Lines (DNL) Douglas DC-3 at Fornebu airport, Oslo in 1946.
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In 1936, DNL and Balchen—who had a wide range of contacts in the US—started negotiations with
417:
293:
219:
50:
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401:. By 1934, construction had started, although the airport would not open until 1 June 1939.
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for Lufthansa at Gressholmen. This was granted to Norske Luftruter, but DNL was granted the
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132:
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with a Sandringham killed 36 people, after the aircraft crashed into the mountain Klubben.
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was in favor of Widerøe-operated sea plane routes, while the majority opposition from the
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20:
626:. Travel time from Oslo to Bergen was four and a half hours, with intermediate stops in
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2713:
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The initial postwar fleet consisted of six Douglas DC-3, all converted from military
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of Ireland, who were cooperating with Pan Am on the transatlantic route; DNL, DDL,
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and abandon plans for intercontinental traffic. Instead, negotiations started with
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became the first fatal air crash of a civil airliner in Norway. The Junkers Ju 52
1001:, and finally from Oslo to Stavanger. In 1946, DNL transported 47,112 passengers.
883:
on 8 October, the Labor Party received a majority, with 76 of 150 seats. Also the
704:
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3076:
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382:
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114:
96:
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750:
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231:
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982:
973:
738:
570:
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During the second season, DNL increased the routes to also include Bergen–
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the immediate future, so it was better to start with sea plane services.
254:
941:
432:. The other was receive a state grant to start a service from Oslo, via
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was purchased. On 6 June 1936, DNL registered its second Ju 52, LN-DAF
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631:
398:
203:
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On 16 March 1935, Mowinckel's Third Cabinet was replaced by the Labor
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and extending the Amsterdam-route to London, but this was not done.
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To start the route from Oslo to Bergen immediately, a Ju 52 was
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1958:
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eleven days later, the airline purchased another Ju 52, LN-DAH
1060:. Disagreement existed over which airport should be used as a
441:
1954:
948:
has been preserved and is now the world's oldest airworthy
562:, plus a limited number of post routes in Northern Norway.
495:. During the debates in parliament, the minority governing
487:, to Germany with Lufthansa and to the United Kingdom with
1274:, killing all seven on board, including the crew of three.
251:
Det Norske Luftfartselskap Fred. Olsen & Bergenske A/S
904:
average age of 27 years. The company had ordered three
577:. It was registered as LN-DAB on 1 June 1935 and named
1907:
Fugl fønix: En beretning om Det Norske Luftfartselskap
781:, leased from KLM. DNL had discussed cooperating with
3137:
1301:
with a Sandringham killed 19 people while landing at
925:, and later became SAS's main Norwegian competitor.
617:. The aircraft was registered as LN-DAE, christened
459:
An application was sent the government, at the time
357:, who operated from Gressholmen Airport in Oslo via
277:, but services never commenced despite purchasing a
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1992:
341:The first DNL was registered on 4 May 1927, with a
288:From then, DNL started international flights using
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151:
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131:
113:
95:
87:
79:
71:
756:On 2 March 1938, the board of DNL decided to sell
158:Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications
507:wanted to increase investments in land airports.
312:. The company experienced four fatal accidents.
194:(literally "The Norwegian Aviation Company") or
1909:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag.
1890:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag.
353:. At the time, the only service to Norway was
222:from 1951, with a 28% stake and listed on the
2602:
2358:
1970:
989:in Sweden, to Kristiansand via Amsterdam and
269:aircraft. In 1935, DNL was close to starting
230:in 1996 and was merged in 2001 to create the
8:
1791:
1789:
1787:
30:
285:, DNL ceased operations from 1941 to 1946.
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2351:
2343:
1977:
1963:
1955:
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239:Det Norske Luftfartselskap Fred. Olsen A/S
29:
1044:Route map of OSAS after the establishment
829:International Civil Aviation Organization
1950:The history of a Norwegian Sikorsky S.43
831:. The Swedish intercontinental airline,
3244:Norwegian companies established in 1933
3144:
1418:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
1329:
913:, who wanted to focus on shipping, and
825:International Air Transport Association
749:was started the route between Oslo and
714:, registered as LN-DAG and christened
3127:Widerøe's Flyveselskap & Polarfly
1090:European Scandinavian Airlines System
1036:Overseas Scandinavian Airlines System
881:1945 Norwegian parliamentary election
734:was instead used on domestic routes.
648:International Air Traffic Association
554:—had bought the majority of Widerøe.
310:European Scandinavian Airlines System
306:Overseas Scandinavian Airlines System
7:
296:on domestic sea routes. Along with
1338:"DNL - Det Norske Luftfartselskap"
1050:Svensk Interkontinental Lufttrafik
833:Svensk Interkontinental Lufttrafik
218:(SAS) and became one of its three
14:
2332:List of airline holding companies
2225:Swedish Intercontinental Airlines
3219:Companies disestablished in 2001
3214:2001 disestablishments in Norway
3171:
3159:
3147:
2571:
2570:
2255:1948 Northwood mid-air collision
695:(Pan Am) about cooperation on a
3209:Airlines disestablished in 1948
2319:SAS Frösundavik Office Building
1926:Oslo lufthavn Fornebu 1939–1989
917:, who founded his own airline,
1928:(in Norwegian). TWK-forlaget.
1888:Fly over fly: Historien om SAS
1074:In 1946, Norwegian ship-owner
820:Norwegian Civil Aviation Board
192:Det Norske Luftfartselskap A/S
16:Defunct Norwegian flag carrier
1:
2302:Dash 8 landing gear incidents
2145:British Midland International
1316:. No-one was killed, but the
921:, which was intended to be a
395:Norwegian Ministry of Defence
198:, trading internationally as
3204:Airlines established in 1933
3092:Vestlandske Luftfartsselskap
1671:Det Norske Luftfartselskap.
1303:Trondheim Airport, Hommelvik
426:Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik
216:Scandinavian Airlines System
138:Scandinavian Airlines System
120:Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik
2982:Norsk Forurensningskontroll
1056:their operations to create
237:The company was founded as
3260:
3239:Defunct seaplane operators
3199:Defunct airlines of Norway
3022:Norwegian Overseas Airways
2857:Det Norske Luftfartsrederi
2852:Det Norske Luftfartselskap
2482:Det Norske Luftfartselskap
1675:. Airline Timetable Images
1340:. Airline Timetable Images
650:. At the end of the year,
532:Bergenske Dampskibsselskab
530:was appointed director of
485:Det Danske Luftfartselskab
302:Det Danske Luftfartselskab
31:Det Norske Luftfartselskap
18:
3224:Ferry companies of Norway
3112:Widerøe's Flyveselskap AS
2566:
2327:
1415:Norsk biografisk leksikon
885:Norwegian Communist Party
865:Royal Norwegian Air Force
795:German invasion of Norway
685:Oslo Airport, Gressholmen
461:Mowinckel's Third Cabinet
369:in Germany. Both DNL and
259:Oslo Airport, Gressholmen
102:Oslo Airport, Gressholmen
49:
44:
39:
35:
2892:Fred. Olsen Airtransport
2487:Fred. Olsen Airtransport
2415:Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines
1312:sank after takeoff from
931:Fred Olsen Air Transport
835:managed to purchase ten
726:in Ireland, and via the
381:to operate the ferry to
345:of NOK 6,500, with
304:of Denmark, DNL founded
281:. After the outbreak of
19:Not to be confused with
2719:Norsk Helikopterservice
1905:Nerdrum, Johan (1986).
1860:Aviation Safety Network
1835:Aviation Safety Network
1810:Aviation Safety Network
1771:Aviation Safety Network
1729:Nerdrum (1986): 215–216
1693:Nerdrum (1986): 209–212
1616:Nerdrum (1986): 157–158
1607:Nerdrum (1986): 152–156
1580:Nerdrum (1986): 147–152
1571:Nerdrum (1986): 142–145
1562:Nerdrum (1986): 135–140
1553:Nerdrum (1986): 132–135
1535:Nerdrum (1986): 120–130
1526:Nerdrum (1986): 119–120
1517:Nerdrum (1986): 105–110
1294:On 2 October 1948, the
1284:On 28 August 1947, the
1254:Accidents and incidents
669:, used from Lufthansa.
430:Stavanger Airport, Sola
253:, DNL started domestic
125:Stavanger Airport, Sola
3117:Widerøe & Bjørneby
2927:Lotsberg & Skappel
2757:Air Europe Scandinavia
2704:CHC Helikopter Service
2657:Norse Atlantic Airways
2430:Fred. Olsen Renewables
2425:Fred. Olsen Production
2115:AerolĂneas de Baleares
1508:Nerdrum (1986): 98–102
1124:
1045:
965:
957:
860:
688:
606:
567:Nygaardsvold's Cabinet
523:
338:
3234:Fred. Olsen & Co.
2662:Norwegian Air Shuttle
2636:Scandinavian Airlines
2374:Fred. Olsen & Co.
2120:AerolĂneas Argentinas
2042:Scandinavian Airlines
2026:Scandinavian Airlines
2000:Scandinavian Airlines
1924:Wisting, Tor (1989).
1490:Nerdrum (1986): 87–90
1481:Nerdrum (1986): 83–87
1472:Nerdrum (1986): 75–80
1463:Nerdrum (1986): 71–75
1454:Nerdrum (1986): 80–81
1445:Nerdrum (1986): 65–67
1436:Nerdrum (1986): 64–65
1406:"Thomas Scheen Falck"
1394:Nerdrum (1986): 58–63
1385:Nerdrum (1986): 45–57
1376:Nerdrum (1986): 42–45
1367:Nerdrum (1986): 41–42
1358:Nerdrum (1986): 39–40
1279:Oslo Airport, Fornebu
1259:On 17 June 1936, the
1121:Oslo Airport, Fornebu
1114:
1043:
963:
944:
857:Oslo Airport, Fornebu
850:
675:
596:
513:
422:Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen
328:
271:transatlantic flights
263:Oslo Airport, Fornebu
243:Fred. Olsen & Co.
107:Oslo Airport, Fornebu
25:Norwegian Air Shuttle
3107:West Norway Airlines
3027:Offshore Helicopters
3012:Norwegian Air Norway
2827:Busy Bee Air Service
2812:Braathens Helikopter
2787:Bergen Air Transport
2762:Air Executive Norway
2687:Primarily helicopter
2538:Thomas Fredrik Olsen
2533:Thomas Fredrik Olsen
2452:(minority ownership)
2411:(minority ownership)
2280:(New York City 1984)
2155:Continental Airlines
1720:Buraas (1972): 81–88
1711:Buraas (1972): 74–83
1661:Buraas (1972): 71–73
1652:Buraas (1972): 68–70
1643:Buraas (1972): 68–73
1634:Buraas (1972): 62–67
1625:Buraas (1972): 49–51
1544:Buraas (1972): 33–46
1320:sank after one hour.
693:Pan American Airways
581:. Riiser-Larsen and
440:in cooperation with
406:Thomas Fredrik Olsen
273:in cooperation with
80:Commenced operations
3194:Norwegian Air Lines
3072:Telemark Flyselskap
3017:Norwegian Long Haul
3007:Norwegian Air Lines
2902:Helikopter Services
2724:Norsk Luftambulanse
2629:Primarily scheduled
2445:Harland & Wolff
2435:First Olsen Tankers
2420:Fred. Olsen Express
2190:Rezidor Hotel Group
2185:Norwegian Air Lines
2063:SAS Ground Handling
1993:Subsidiary airlines
1795:Nerdrum (1986): 160
1756:Nerdrum (1986): 152
1598:Nerdrum (1986): 154
1589:Nerdrum (1986): 137
1237:Sandringham Mark VI
1026:Sandringham Mark VI
952:, albeit flying in
937:Post-war operations
603:Gressholmen Airport
520:Gressholmen Airport
335:Gressholmen Airport
224:Oslo Stock Exchange
200:Norwegian Air Lines
32:
3057:Scancopter-Service
2832:Classic Norway Air
2817:Braathens S.A.F.E.
2492:Fred. Olsen Energy
2440:Fred. Olsen Travel
2268:(Los Angeles 1969)
1738:Nerdrum (1986): 80
1499:Nerdrum (1986): 93
1125:
1076:Ludvig G. Braathen
1046:
1028:flying boats from
966:
958:
915:Ludvig G. Braathen
873:Northwest Airlines
861:
689:
607:
589:Pre-war operations
524:
483:, to Denmark with
339:
294:Short Sandringhams
226:. DNL was renamed
3135:
3134:
3122:Widerøe Norsk Air
3097:Viking Air Norway
2992:Nortrans Agderfly
2977:Norsk Flytjeneste
2837:Coast Aero Center
2671:Primarily charter
2584:
2583:
2502:Sterling Airlines
2497:Fred. Olsen Lines
2381:Holding companies
2340:
2339:
1747:Wisting, 1989: 48
1702:Buraas (1972): 99
1318:Short Sandringham
1251:
1250:
889:government agency
646:, and joined the
471:—who would found
387:Oslo East Station
220:holding companies
189:
188:
88:Ceased operations
67:
66:
3251:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3143:
2987:Norsk Helikopter
2952:Nord-Norges Aero
2802:BlueWay Offshore
2611:
2604:
2597:
2588:
2574:
2573:
2465:Former companies
2367:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2165:Danish Air Lines
2110:AB Aerotransport
1979:
1972:
1965:
1956:
1939:
1920:
1901:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1852:
1846:
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1347:
1345:
1334:
1308:On 15 May 1950,
1127:
1058:economy of scale
911:Wilh. Wilhelmsen
762:Chargeurs Reunis
560:general aviation
489:Imperial Airways
371:Norske Luftruter
257:routes based at
37:
36:
33:
3259:
3258:
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3249:
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3183:
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3131:
3002:Norway Airlines
2942:Nor-Fly Charter
2907:HelikopterDrift
2792:Bergen Aviation
2728:
2682:
2666:
2645:
2624:
2615:
2585:
2580:
2562:
2558:Anette S. Olsen
2528:Petter Olsen Sr
2516:
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2323:
2307:
2286:(Gottröra 1991)
2262:(Istanbul 1960)
2246:
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2210:Skyways Express
2093:
2067:
2051:Airline support
2046:
2030:
2014:
1988:
1983:
1946:
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1404:Thowsen, Atle.
1403:
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1256:
1109:
1092:
1038:
939:
923:charter airline
894:nationalization
869:United Airlines
845:
843:Reestablishment
799:Northern Norway
791:
783:British Airways
730:in the winter.
591:
528:Thomas S. Falck
375:ground handling
323:
318:
292:and introduced
241:in 1933, after
123:
105:
91:8 February 1951
75:16 October 1933
28:
21:Norway Airlines
17:
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5:
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3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
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3054:
3049:
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3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
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2999:
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2472:Aker (company)
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2409:DN Media Group
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1944:External links
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1080:Braathens SAFE
1078:had establish
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855:taking off at
844:
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501:Agrarian Party
329:Boarding of a
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2598:
2593:
2592:
2589:
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2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Fredrik Olsen
2546:
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2245:Accidents and
2242:
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2218:
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2213:
2211:
2208:
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2201:
2198:
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2195:SAS Braathens
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
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2135:Air Greenland
2133:
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2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
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2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
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2084:Star Alliance
2082:
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2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
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2049:
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2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1935:82-90884-00-1
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1916:82-05-16663-3
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1897:82-05-00891-4
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1861:
1857:
1856:"15 May 1950"
1851:
1848:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1811:
1807:
1806:"28 Aug 1947"
1801:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1772:
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1767:"26 May 1946"
1762:
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1297:Bukkene Bruse
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1132:
1130:Manufacturer
1129:
1128:
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1118:
1117:Junkers Ju 52
1113:
1106:
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950:Junkers Ju 52
947:
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916:
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853:Junkers Ju 52
849:
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709:Sikorsky S-43
706:
702:
698:
697:transatlantic
694:
686:
682:
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678:Sikorsky S-43
674:
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629:
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599:Junkers Ju 52
597:Loading of a
595:
588:
586:
584:
583:Bernt Balchen
580:
576:
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568:
563:
561:
555:
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536:Junkers Ju 52
533:
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516:Junkers Ju 52
512:
508:
506:
502:
498:
497:Liberal Party
494:
490:
486:
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481:Aerotransport
477:
474:
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469:Arild Widerøe
466:
465:Viggo Widerøe
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347:Arnold Ræstad
344:
343:share capital
336:
332:
331:Junkers Ju 52
327:
321:Establishment
320:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:Aerotransport
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
279:Sikorsky S-43
276:
272:
268:
267:Junkers Ju 52
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
228:SAS Norge ASA
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
184:
183:Bernt Balchen
181:
177:
174:
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63:SCANDINAVIAN
62:
59:
56:
55:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
26:
22:
3047:SAS Commuter
3006:
2962:Nordlandsfly
2917:Kato Airline
2882:FlyTaxi Nord
2797:Bergens Aero
2553:Petter Olsen
2543:Rudolf Olsen
2481:
2298:(Milan 2001)
2230:Thai Airways
2200:SAS Commuter
2184:
2170:Estonian Air
2089:WOW Alliance
2019:Destinations
1925:
1906:
1887:
1877:Bibliography
1863:. Retrieved
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1831:"2 Oct 1948"
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1800:
1774:. Retrieved
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
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1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1413:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1332:
1310:Bamse Brakar
1309:
1296:
1286:
1267:
1261:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1073:
1066:
1047:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
967:
945:
927:
906:Douglas DC-3
902:
898:
877:
862:
837:Douglas DC-4
812:
807:
792:
789:World War II
779:Douglas DC-2
775:
757:
755:
746:
736:
731:
720:Newfoundland
715:
690:
680:
666:
660:
658:. After the
655:
651:
623:
618:
608:
578:
575:Junkers W 34
564:
556:
548:Stavangerske
525:
478:
458:
434:Kristiansand
410:Rudolf Olsen
403:
391:
373:applied for
340:
290:Douglas DC-3
287:
283:World War II
261:, and later
250:
238:
236:
227:
208:flag carrier
199:
195:
191:
190:
165:Headquarters
83:11 June 1935
3087:Vestfoldfly
3077:Trans Polar
2456:Timex Group
2393:Ganger Rolf
2005:SAS Connect
1410:Helle, Knut
1344:27 February
1139:Introduced
743:HonningsvĂĄg
741:and Tromsø–
712:flying boat
540:VesterĂĄlske
505:Labor Party
414:Ganger Rolf
351:Norway Post
3188:Categories
2967:Nordsjøfly
2957:Nordic Air
2912:Hesnes Air
2872:FlyNonstop
2782:Arctic Air
2772:Air Norway
2694:Airlift AS
2450:IT Fornebu
2312:Facilities
2296:Flight 686
2290:Flight 347
2284:Flight 751
2278:Flight 901
2272:Flight 130
2266:Flight 933
2260:Flight 871
1673:"Flyruter"
1325:References
1119:docked at
1022:Askeladden
1018:Veslefrikk
815:Nortraship
793:After the
766:Aer Rianta
640:Air France
611:wet leased
552:Arendalske
518:docked at
493:Waco Cabin
383:the island
379:concession
367:WarnemĂĽnde
363:Copenhagen
359:Gothenburg
179:Key people
144:Fleet size
3229:SAS Group
3166:Companies
3102:Vildanden
3082:Varangfly
3067:Teddy Air
3052:SAS Norge
2972:Norsk Air
2947:Nor-Wings
2922:Krohn Air
2887:FlyViking
2847:Color Air
2842:Coast Air
2807:Braathens
2777:Air Stord
2709:Helitrans
2678:Sundt Air
2507:Tusenfryd
2402:Companies
2247:incidents
2215:Snowflake
2180:Linjeflyg
2175:LAN Chile
2140:Braathens
2130:airBaltic
2072:Alliances
2058:EuroBonus
1986:SAS Group
1287:Kvitbjørn
1136:Quantity
1016:(renamed
978:Marseille
954:Lufthansa
758:Valkyrien
751:Stockholm
747:Valkyrien
732:Valkyrien
716:Valkyrien
705:ReykjavĂk
681:Valkyrien
526:In 1933,
446:Stavanger
438:Amsterdam
355:Lufthansa
232:SAS Group
202:, was an
147:13 (1951)
127:(1946–51)
122:(1946–51)
109:(1939–51)
104:(1935–39)
3154:Aviation
3037:Polarfly
3032:Partnair
2897:GuardAir
2867:Fjellfly
2862:Feel Air
2822:Busy Bee
2767:Air Leap
2747:Agderfly
2650:Low-cost
2618:Airlines
2576:Category
2105:Pre-1952
2010:SAS Link
1886:(1972).
1299:Accident
1289:Accident
1264:Accident
1169:Sikorsky
1142:Retired
991:Brussels
987:Karlstad
827:and the
806:, using
804:Kirkenes
701:New York
663:Accident
615:swastika
503:and the
265:, using
255:seaplane
133:Alliance
51:Callsign
3140:Portals
2997:Norving
2937:Mørefly
2932:Mey-Air
2752:Airwing
2734:Defunct
2641:Widerøe
2512:Widerøe
2477:Comarit
2388:Bonheur
2235:Widerøe
2220:Spanair
2205:Scanair
2098:History
2079:SkyTeam
1865:1 March
1840:1 March
1815:1 March
1776:1 March
1679:1 March
1422:28 June
1412:(ed.).
1314:Harstad
1211:Douglas
1190:Douglas
1148:Junkers
1123:in 1939
1084:Bangkok
1010:Najaden
859:in 1939
808:Najaden
687:in 1936
656:Najaden
632:Arendal
605:in 1936
522:in 1936
473:Widerøe
454:Ă…lesund
418:Bonheur
399:Fornebu
337:in 1936
316:History
247:Widerøe
204:airline
72:Founded
3178:Norway
3062:Sørfly
2622:Norway
2521:People
2304:(2007)
2292:(1994)
2274:(1972)
2160:Danair
2150:Cimber
1932:
1913:
1894:
1268:Havørn
1262:Havørn
1133:Model
1069:Gander
1014:Falken
999:Prague
983:Ă–rebro
974:ZĂĽrich
970:London
956:livery
946:Falken
739:Tromsø
728:Azores
724:Foynes
667:Falken
661:Havørn
652:Havørn
636:Sabena
624:Havørn
619:Havørn
579:Ternen
571:Tromsø
450:Bergen
428:; and
275:Pan Am
212:Norway
173:Norway
2035:Fleet
1408:. In
1247:1951
1226:1951
1205:1940
1184:1938
1163:1951
1153:Ju 52
1107:Fleet
995:Paris
436:, to
385:from
185:(CEO)
160:(50%)
2877:Flyr
2742:Aero
1930:ISBN
1911:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1867:2010
1842:2010
1817:2010
1778:2010
1681:2010
1424:2011
1346:2010
1272:Sogn
1244:1946
1223:1946
1216:DC-3
1202:1939
1195:DC-2
1181:1936
1174:S-43
1160:1935
1054:pool
1020:and
1012:and
1006:C-47
985:and
976:and
871:and
770:Aero
676:The
644:Aero
642:and
628:Moss
550:and
467:and
452:and
416:and
408:and
361:and
206:and
169:Oslo
97:Hubs
60:DNL
46:ICAO
41:IATA
2620:of
1062:hub
993:to
760:to
722:to
703:to
683:at
601:at
442:KLM
365:to
333:at
210:of
196:DNL
57:SK
23:or
3190::
1858:.
1833:.
1808:.
1786:^
1769:.
1115:A
851:A
638:,
630:,
546:,
542:,
514:A
456:.
448:,
389:.
234:.
171:,
3142::
2610:e
2603:t
2596:v
2366:e
2359:t
2352:v
1978:e
1971:t
1964:v
1938:.
1919:.
1900:.
1869:.
1844:.
1819:.
1780:.
1683:.
1426:.
1348:.
1305:.
1241:3
1220:6
1199:6
1178:1
1157:6
27:.
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