Constitution of Norway - Knowledge (XXG)

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who are eligible to vote. More than half the members must be present to conduct business, but if not enough members are present then temporary members may be appointed. In the event of a tied vote, the Prime Minister or, in his absence, the Council's highest-ranking member, has a second and casting vote. Two spouses, two siblings, or a parent and child may not be members at the same time. The Storting may pass a vote of no confidence in any member or in the whole Council, at which point the member or members must resign. The heir to the throne, if over 18, has a seat in the Council but no vote.

246: 138: 1056:. Importing republicanism was seen as an attempt to emulate the French and Americans directly, something the lawmakers at Eidsvoll sought to avoid. The choice of monarchy as state form would also facilitate the reunification of Denmark–Norway, something the Crown Prince was not alone in seeking. The king's power was however severely curtailed. His absolute veto over laws was removed. The council of Eidsvoll chose Crown Prince Christian Frederik as 2591: 533: 960: 660: 1136:(the former Marshal Bernadotte of France) to let the Norwegians keep their constitution. The Swedish crown prince could have named his terms to Norway, but wanted to appease the Norwegians and avoid a bloody continuation of the war. Realizing that a forced union with himself as ruler of a conquered and hostile country would be very uneasy, he accepted the Norwegian proposition. Norway then entered into a 504: 971: 817: 36: 1626:

first weekday of October, unless the King designates another town due to an emergency. The King may also summon the Storting at other times if necessary. Each new Storting is opened by the King, or a person delegated by him, who makes a speech about the state of the realm. The Storting meets in open session, and its decisions are published, unless it decides otherwise.

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be qualified by law in the case of citizens who are resident overseas, mentally ill or in "a reduced level of consciousness," and the right to vote may be lost by convicted criminals (in circumstances prescribed by law) and by citizens who serve in a foreign government without the Norwegian government's consent.

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Legislative power is vested in the Storting, which consists of one house containing 169 members, elected every four years in free and secret elections. All Norwegian citizens who are aged 18 or over are eligible to vote. Article 50 guarantees this right to men and women. However the right to vote may

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Executive power is vested in the King, but the government is conducted in his name by a Council of State, and all of his decisions must be counter-signed by an official. The Council consists of at least eight members chosen by the King, including the Prime Minister. Members must be Norwegian citizens

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To be eligible for high office, a person must not only be a Norwegian citizen but also speak Norwegian and meet certain other requirements. Citizens may be required to serve in defence of the country for a specified time. The national flag is to be prescribed by law. No new titles of nobility may be

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Any member of the Storting or member of the Council of State may propose a bill. To become law, a bill must be debated twice, with at least three days between each debate, and then presented to the King for his assent. If the Kings signs it, it becomes law (and it is then published under the Seal of

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In May 2012, parliament passed a constitutional amendment, for the second time, to separate church and state. This formally made Norway a secular country with no official religion, although the Church of Norway is still mentioned in the Constitution. Article 12 in the constitution, which stated that

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Prince Carl, however, was well aware of a surge of republicanism in Norway and of the constitutional situation of the Norwegian throne. He insisted that he would accept the crown only if the Norwegian people expressed their will for monarchy by referendum and if the parliament then elected him king.

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consists of Articles 1 and 2, which state that Norway is "a free, independent, indivisible and inalienable realm" with "a limited and hereditary monarchy." The state's values are its "Christian and humanist heritage," democracy and "the rule of law and human rights." The mention of humanist values

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Under Article 121, amendments to the Constitution may be proposed to the first, second or third annual Storting following a general election. If passed by two thirds of the Storting, the amendment must be signed by the King and by the Secretary to the Storting, and published. But an amendment must

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Members of the Storting are privileged from arrest during their attendance and while travelling to and from the Storting, "unless they are apprehended in public crimes." They are not accountable for the opinions they express in the Storting. The Storting shall meet in the capital every year on the

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had been made since 1927. A parliamentary report and a proposition for constitutional amendment was presented in 2004 to change the legal basis of the High Court of the Realm and reduce its political bias. The proposal was passed by a unanimous Storting on 20 February 2007, and came into effect in

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was a traditionalist move; however, the king's power was severely curtailed, and the church very much under the control of the elected body. Suffrage was extended, but was still restricted to certain groups of men. All men who were either farmers possessing their own land, civil servants, or urban

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In the run-up for the 200th anniversary for the Constitution, work was done to see if the Constitution could be amended to be more in tune with the times. In December 2011, a Committee appointed by the Storting put forth its report, suggesting that human rights be put in a separate chapter in the

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in 1884, the Council was effectively chosen by general election, in that the King appointed only members of the party or coalition having a majority in the Storting. Further, the Council became answerable to the Storting, in the sense that a failed vote of confidence would cause the government to

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While radical in its day, the constitution of 1814 was a product of its age. As Norwegian democracy developed, some parts of it began to look increasingly dated. For example, the executive power, which in the constitution is consistently attributed to the King, came increasingly to rest in his

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The Court of Impeachment hears proceedings brought by the Storting against members of the Storting, members of the Council of State and members of the Supreme Court "for criminal or other unlawful conduct." The Court consists of the five longest-serving permanent members of the Supreme Court,

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The King is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and he appoints all civil and military officers, after consulting the Council. Royal princes and princesses are disqualified from holding office. The King may, after consulting the Council, dismiss the Prime Minister and other members of the

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If the King is absent from the realm or is too ill to carry out his duties, then the heir to the throne (if over 18) may act in his place; afterwards he is accountable for his actions to the King and to the Storting. If the heir is under 18 then the Council exercises the King's powers.

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Each autumn the Storting is formally opened by the King. In an election year, the session starts with representatives for each county being formally recognised as the lawful representatives. This happens every fourth year (the Norwegian Constitution does not allow for intra-period

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respectively), were not developed until the late 19th century. Additionally, in 1903, the constitution underwent a very slight linguistic revision, changing the spelling of some words where orthography had changed since 1814 but still using conservative 19th century Danish.

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and by military units throughout Norway. They convened at the Eidsvoll manor on 10 April. The constitution was written during five weeks of the spring of 1814. It was ratified by the assembly on 16 May, and signed the following day. The latter date is now celebrated as the

1560:. It consists of Articles 3 to 48. It states that the King must "at all times profess the Evangelical-Lutheran religion." He may not leave the state for longer than six months without the Council's permission, otherwise he automatically forfeits the Crown. It sets out the 1321:

The events and the constitution of 1814 have a central place in Norwegian identity. For this reason, and to keep the text as consistent as possible, changes prior to the language revision in 2014 were written in a language close to the original. In 1814,

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Article 16 says that the Church of Norway is the Established Church, "and will as such be supported by the State." However it also guarantees the right of all inhabitants of the realm to freely exercise their own religion. Article 33 states that

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A prince or princess may not marry without the King's consent; contravention of that rule disqualifies them from succession to the throne. They "shall not be personally answerable to anyone other than the King" or a person delegated by him.

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The union amendments were revoked after the dissolution of the 91-year union in 1905. The question of a King was again considered, and the Storting elected to offer the throne to the 33-year-old Prince Carl of Denmark, married to Princess

2235:"Grunnlovsforslag fra Anders Anundsen, Per-Kristian Foss, Carl I. Hagen, Michael Tetzschner og Finn-Erik Vinje, vedtatt til fremsettelse av Anders Anundsen, Per-Kristian Foss og Michael Tetzschner om språklig fornyelse av Grunnloven" 1282:, as the first article states that Norway is a "free, independent" country. However, the debate on the EU has been relatively quiescent since the referendum in 1994, so such a change is not likely to occur in the immediate future. 182:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG). 1213:

and the restoration of peace and constitutional rule, there was much debate on how to handle the events of the previous five years. None of this led to any changes in the constitution; it had withstood the test of hard times.

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of the United Kingdom. By bringing in a king with British royal ties, it was hoped that Norway could court Britain's support. Additionally, Prince Carl was related on his father's side to Norway's medieval kings.

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Council, and other senior government and military officials. He may appoint his own household officials at his own discretion. He may honour people for distinguished service, but not grant hereditary privileges.

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resign. This last happened in March 2000, when the governing coalition refused introduction of electrical power stations based on natural gas on environmental grounds, which a majority of the Storting supported.

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convened, and king Christian Frederik delegated his powers to the parliament and abdicated on 10 October. The Storting adopted the constitutional amendments on 4 November and on the same day unanimously elected

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The young king and Norwegian officials tried to find international backing for their bid for Norway as a sovereign state throughout spring and early summer of 1814. After failing to secure the support of the

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including its President (who also presides over this court), and six other members elected by the Storting for six years. A member of the Storting or of the Council of State may not be elected to the Court.

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There are 19 parliamentary constituencies. 150 seats are apportioned to each constituency according to a calculation (made every eight years) based on their population density. Those members are elected by

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Dokument 16 (2011-2012), Rapport til Stortingets presidentskap fra Menneskerettighetsutvalget om menneskerettigheter i Grunnloven. Rapport fra Menneskerettighetsutvalget om menneskerettigheter i Grunnloven

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is followed by a general debate, where the opposition states their main points for the year to come. Following the debate, the youngest member of the cabinet reads The Report on the State of the Realm.

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The Norwegian High Court of the Realm is warranted by the constitution and was frequently used by the Storting as a political tool to control the government during the 19th century, but no

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The Supreme Court consists of a President and at least four other members, who must be at least 30 years of age. The Supreme Court's decisions are final and cannot be appealed.

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had campaigned for the rights of the Jews, and in 1897 also the next to last sentence. Monastic orders were permitted 1897, but the ban on Jesuits was only lifted in 1956.

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The armed forces may not be deployed outside the realm, nor may foreign forces be allowed into the realm (except to defend it from attack), without the Storting's consent.

2548: 1804: 1229:). Similarly, the King originally had the right to appoint members of the Council, who were answerable to him alone, and they could not be chosen from the members of the 3206: 2285: 1484:. A notable feature of the Norwegian Constitution Day celebration is the virtual absence of any military parades, the day being almost wholly a civilian celebration. 1247:"The Evangelical-Lutheran religion remains the public religion of the State. Those inhabitants, who confess thereto, are bound to raise their children to the same. 3318: 1891: 854: 1670:. Article 95 requires the state authorities to ensure the independence of the courts and the judges. Article 108 requires the state authorities to help the 1575:

The King may pass temporary ordinances about commerce, customs, "all livelihoods" and public administration. These remain in force until the next Storting.

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between the executive, legislative and judicial branches was directly inspired by radical ideas from the US and French systems. The retention of a king, a

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Article 85 states that "Any person who obeys an order the purpose of which is to disturb the liberty and security of the Storting is thereby guilty of

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Update the language to one of the spelling reforms, 1917, 1938, or 1959. This would still be fairly conservative language but closer to today's speech.

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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

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The members of the Council of State are not members of the Storting, but have the right to attend and take part on debate (but not to vote).

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was short and decisive. However, while badly trained and equipped, the Norwegian Army put up a determined fight, holding the Swedes back at

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Revert the language to the standard of 1814; an objection to this is that most modern Norwegians would find it even more difficult to read.

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the Realm). The King may veto a bill, but his veto may be overridden if the bill is passed in the same form by the next elected Storting.

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After the session is opened and a secretary and president are elected for the period, the King addresses the representatives with the

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All amendments prior to 2014 have attempted to imitate the language of the 1903 version, leading to peculiar constructions. The word

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summarizes the government's program for the coming year, and while delivered by the King, is written by the sitting government. The

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In 2014, when the language in the constitution was officially revised they went with the first approach, which produced an updated

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In 2014, 200 years after the constitution was written, a chapter on human rights was added as well as being rewritten into modern

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Norwegian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.

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of January 1814 ceded Norway to Sweden. In response, the Crown Prince of Denmark–Norway and resident viceroy in Norway,

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king of Norway, rather than acknowledging him as such, thus reinforcing the concept a King by the will of the people.

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The current text of the Constitution (as amended in May 2018) consists of 121 articles, grouped into chapters A to F.

1012:. The most likely goal of the young Crown Prince was reunification with Denmark. His initiative was successful, and a 932: 840: 791: 245: 215: 3460: 3430: 3390: 3370: 3350: 3253: 3113: 2905: 2856: 2803: 1465: 1459: 1133: 1026: 928: 917: 68: 46: 3628: 3546: 3365: 3082: 2818: 2656: 2636: 2626: 1844: 1702: 1553: 1438:) would have been "Kongeriget Norge", as in the modern Danish form if taken literally from the old constitution. 1400:

Use the 1903 standard but correct various passages where newer amendments do not really conform to that standard.

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Some constitutional scholars hold that it may be necessary to change the constitution if Norway is to enter the

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more than half of the persons in the Council of State had to be members of the state church was also repealed.

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was still the universal written language in Norway. The current two official varieties of written Norwegian,

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Putting the strategic situation and his own abdication to good use, he persuaded the Swedish crown prince

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not "contradict the principles embodied in" the Constitution, or "alter the spirit of the Constitution."

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property owners could vote. With this, about half of all Norwegian men were granted the right to vote.

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In the 1814 constitution the parliament was de facto divided into two chambers. This consisted of the

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passed the most substantial changes since 1814, particularly by including paragraphs on human rights.

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with a 78.9 percent majority, and Carl was elected King by the Storting, taking the regnal name

279: 2183: 1091:, monastic orders, and Jews, which latter were not allowed to travel to Norway, in the face of 3159: 3047: 3004: 2984: 2891: 2876: 2846: 2786: 2580: 2575: 2511: 2491: 2478: 2100: 1969: 1697: 1122: 1069: 1037: 997: 640: 469: 424: 346: 304: 197: 1775: 251: 3042: 2942: 2798: 2486: 2391: 2082: 1709: 1653:(Articles 86 to 91) vests the judicial power in a Supreme Court and a Court of Impeachment. 1578:

The King in Council may pardon criminals after they have been sentenced, except in cases of

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and monastic orders are not permitted. Jews are still prohibited from entry to the Realm."

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The constitution shows a curious mix of radical and traditional values. The principle of

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The Storting appoints a person (not a member) to supervise the public administration.

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Different approaches to revise the language throughout the document were suggested:

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was called. The assembled representatives were elected by the congregations of the

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The Norwegian constitution has a version written in English, provided by the

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version. The Nynorsk version was compiled by a committee headed by professor

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It is the fourth oldest written single-document national constitution in

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in 1789, and the subsequent U.S. and French constitutions. The authors,

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with Sweden, and the constitution was amended as necessary to form the

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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

1607:(Articles 49 to 85) is about the Storting and the rights of citizens. 1464:

17 May, the date of the signing of the constitution, is celebrated as

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2009. The new court of impeachment is composed of five regular

131: 29: 2073:(Gerhard Robbers, ed., Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2001). 1380:) was not common until the 1970s. In 1814 and 1903, the word 250:

The front page of Norway's constitution of 4 November 1814 (

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Bring the language up to today's usage and orthography.

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working national constitution in the world, after the

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a machine-translated version of the Norwegian article.

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translation (with latest amendments as of May 2018):

2335:"The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway - Lovdata" 2261:"The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway - Lovdata" 2069:

Plesner, I.T. "State church and church autonomy." in

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judges and six lay judges appointed by the Storting.

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from the Norwegian Parliament's (Stortinget) website

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parades. In the capital Oslo, the parade passes the

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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1674:preserve their language, culture and way of life. 1245:, Article 2 in the constitution originally read, 1734:LOV 1814-05-17 nr 00: Kongeriget Norges Grundlov 2429:List of current members of the Council of State 1513: 1507: 1501: 1385: 1375: 1365: 1355: 1224: 1032:The Norwegian constitution was inspired by the 1476:where thousands of schoolchildren wave to the 1147:On 7 October, an extraordinary session of the 988:Until 1814, Norway was part of the Kingdom of 979:, the site of the drafting of the Constitution 200:accompanying your translation by providing an 162:Click for important translation instructions. 149:expand this article with text translated from 3200: 2454: 1354:, differing from modern Norwegian and Danish 1206:, but the change was reverted after the war. 903: 848: 8: 2425:from the Norwegian legal information service 893: 880: 268: 1275:in 1913 by amendments of the constitution. 1087:, defined as Evangelical-Lutheran, and the 3207: 3193: 3185: 2910: 2791: 2685: 2604: 2461: 2447: 2439: 2288:. Stortinget (official Parliament website) 1803:The Storting's Information Corner (2011). 1072:, and §102, guarding against unreasonable 855: 841: 518: 244: 2773:Membership of International organizations 2412:The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway 1160:Dissolution of the union and the new King 1034:United States Declaration of Independence 873:The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway 804:Membership of International organizations 239:The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 1257:was struck out after the Norwegian poet 969: 958: 1848:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget 1725: 1121:and securing a tactical victory at the 543: 521: 2309:"The Report on the State of the Realm" 2105:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2098: 1974:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1967: 1666:(Articles 92 to 113) sets out various 1350:was written with the archaic spelling 235: 2071:CHURCH AUTONOMY: A COMPARATIVE SURVEY 1271:was introduced in Norway in 1898 and 1064:, who was the legal secretary of the 254:), which is in the Storting archives. 7: 1867:"Det første overordentlige storting" 1745: 1743: 1741: 1449:Rituals relating to the Constitution 1414:version and a completely new modern 1241:As a relic from the earlier laws of 352:Judicial, Executive, and Legislative 58:adding citations to reliable sources 27:Supreme law of the Kingdom of Norway 2286:"The State Opening of the Storting" 1488:The State Opening of the Parliament 1180:Norwegian votes decided on monarchy 2398:, but this was abolished in 2009. 1805:"The Constitution - Complete text" 1552:(or Queen), the royal family, the 1534:was made due to the popularity of 25: 945:Constitution of the United States 647:Norwegian Parliamentary Ombudsman 212:{{Translated|no|Norges Grunnlov}} 2589: 2284:L.H., Barstad (2 October 2013). 1538:in Norway and the importance of 1113:became unavoidable. The Swedish 815: 659: 658: 531: 502: 136: 34: 1601:is the central bank of Norway. 1142:Union between Sweden and Norway 1010:Norwegian independence movement 45:needs additional citations for 2307:Måseide, T. (4 October 2006). 1632:The Storting has the power to 1048:, were also influenced by the 910:Norwegian Constituent Assembly 480:Norwegian Constituent Assembly 210:You may also add the template 1: 2569:Norwegian government-in-exile 2522:Hereditary Kingdom of Norway 2517:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) 2313:Office of the Prime Minister 2158:"Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov" 1233:. With the establishment of 1050:Spanish Constitution of 1812 937:Spanish Constitution of 1812 1617:proportional representation 1542:to millions of Norwegians. 1468:with the school children's 939:. The document is also the 933:French constitution of 1791 223:Knowledge (XXG):Translation 3655: 2423:Kongeriget Norges Grundlov 2385: 1996:(in Norwegian). 2015-02-27 1898:(in Norwegian). 2017-12-14 1873:(in Norwegian). 2019-11-07 1466:Norwegian Constitution Day 1460:Norwegian Constitution Day 1457: 1027:Norwegian Constitution Day 992:. Following the defeat of 905:Kongeriket Noregs Grunnlov 895:Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov 882:Kongeriget Norges Grundlov 293:Kongeriket Noregs Grunnlov 284:Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov 275:Kongeriget Norges Grundlov 174:Machine translation, like 3153: 2913: 2794: 2688: 2607: 2587: 2184:"Grunnloven blir nynorsk" 1845:Norsk biografisk leksikon 1836:"Christian Adolph Diriks" 1703:History of Jews in Norway 916:. The latter date is the 501: 243: 151:the corresponding article 2693:Administrative divisions 2539:Kingdom of Norway (1814) 1370:", even though the word 1066:Constitutional Committee 984:Writing the constitution 964:The Constituent Assembly 799:European Union relations 754:Administrative divisions 69:"Constitution of Norway" 2809:Government Pension Fund 1367:den samiske Folkegruppe 1292:Supreme Court of Norway 1115:Campaign against Norway 1062:Christian Adolph Diriks 1042:Christian Magnus Falsen 966:at Eidsvoll in May 1814 335:Constitutional monarchy 221:For more guidance, see 3604:Constitution of Norway 3269:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1647:against the country." 1514: 1508: 1502: 1435: 1427: 1386: 1376: 1366: 1356: 1225: 980: 967: 929:Constitution of Poland 918:National Day of Norway 904: 894: 881: 869:Constitution of Norway 508:Constitution of Norway 314:10 April - 16 May 1814 292: 283: 274: 269: 18:Norwegian constitution 2190:(in Norwegian Bokmål) 1100:The union with Sweden 1085:constitutional church 1074:searches and seizures 1000:in October 1813, the 973: 962: 194:copyright attribution 3614:Government of Norway 3098:Romantic nationalism 2708:Correctional Service 2667:World Heritage Sites 1917:"Regjeringen går av" 1178:On 13 November, the 1081:separation of powers 404:Court of impeachment 341:Government structure 54:improve this article 3490:States with limited 2241:. 27 September 2012 2215:. 28 September 2012 2182:Trulsen, Ola Nymo. 1364:ethnic group" was " 1334:(until 1929 called 1202:, reintroduced the 1198:Minister President 947:. In May 2014, the 611:List of governments 566:Crown Prince Haakon 3063:Norwegian language 2872:Telecommunications 2559:Reichskommissariat 1751:"The Constitution" 1562:line of succession 1420:Hans Petter Graver 1273:universal suffrage 1223:Council of State ( 1196:national socialist 1169:, the daughter of 1127:Convention of Moss 1089:banning of Jesuits 1046:Johan Gunder Adler 1006:Christian Frederik 981: 976:Eidsvollsbygningen 968: 524:Politics of Norway 408:subordinate courts 364:Monarchy of Norway 252:Novembergrunnloven 202:interlanguage link 3591: 3590: 3182: 3181: 3149: 3148: 2968:language conflict 2900: 2899: 2847:Norwegian paradox 2781: 2780: 2763:Political parties 2723:Foreign relations 2675: 2674: 2019:secularism.org.uk 1834:Bratberg, Terje. 1815:on 29 August 2011 1698:History of Norway 1123:battle of Langnes 1070:freedom of speech 1038:French Revolution 1014:national assembly 998:Battle of Leipzig 900:Norwegian Nynorsk 865: 864: 822:Norway portal 792:Foreign relations 654:Political parties 641:Masud Gharahkhani 517: 516: 435:First legislature 425:Electoral college 305:Kingdom of Norway 234: 233: 163: 159: 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 3646: 3629:1814 in politics 3528:Dependencies and 3227:Sovereign states 3209: 3202: 3195: 3186: 3162: 3038: 3028: 2911: 2857:Renewable energy 2832: 2792: 2686: 2605: 2593: 2549:End of the union 2512:High Middle Ages 2463: 2456: 2449: 2440: 2389: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2369: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2271: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2104: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2087: 2081:. 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