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803:"In August 1942, another…transport arrived in Novaya Zemlya. The escort ships turned around and went back. Just a few hours later, the watchman in the tower announced that a ship was in sight. Everyone assumed it was one of the Allied warships and didn't give the matter any importance. Shortly after, the watchman announced that the ship was nearing the bay. I went outside…to see for myself. As soon as I had climbed the tower, I realized to my horror that this was a German warship. I gave the alarm, but it was too late… the German cruiser was coming closer. One of the Allied freighters — the first ship we managed to get moving — steered its way out of the bay. That's all the Germans were waiting for. At the moment when the ship reached the narrowest part of the bay, the German guns sent off their first salvo — a direct hit… our coastal batteries opened fire… but the guns didn't reach far enough… came closer and destroyed all the ships in the bay, as well as a large part of the harbor left a hundred dead and wounded."
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3861:Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №258-внеоч.-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2004 г. «О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №224-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов Соловецкого района Архангельской области и о внесении изменения в статью 46 Областного закона "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №38, 8 октября 2004 г.
657:
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3845:Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №65-5-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №232-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Областные Законы в сфере осуществления местного самоуправления и взаимодействия с некоммерческими организациями». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №43, 6 октября 2009 г.
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which banned most atmospheric nuclear tests. The largest underground test in Novaya Zemlya took place on
September 12, 1973, involving four nuclear devices of 4.2 megatons total yield. Although far smaller in blast power than the Tsar Bomba and other atmospheric tests, the confinement of the blasts
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Whether the attack on
Menshikov's battery occurred on Dikson Island or on Novaya Zemlya, Stajner's account illuminated the fate of a Soviet officer imprisoned by his countrymen for the "crime" of suffering defeat at the hands of the enemy. Not surprisingly, Menshikov's arrest was never announced in
730:
on June 27, 1942, one ship running aground and dropping out of the convoy. The convoy was able to sail north of Bear Island but encountered ice floes on June 30; a ship was damaged too badly to carry on and broke radio silence. On the following morning, the convoy was detected by German U-boats and
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in shoulder seasons. Due to latitudinal differences, the temperatures and daylight varies quite a bit throughout the archipelago, with the Malye
Karmakuly station being located in the southern part. Novaya Zemlya is cloudy in general, but snowfall and rainfall is relatively scarce for being a
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Over its history as a nuclear test site, Novaya Zemlya hosted 224 nuclear detonations with a total explosive energy equivalent to 265 megatons of TNT. For comparison, all explosives used in World War II, including the detonations of two US nuclear bombs, amounted to only two megatons.
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reached the west coast of Novaya Zemlya in 1594, and in a subsequent expedition of 1596, he rounded the northern cape and wintered on the northeastern coast. (Barentsz died during the expedition, and may have been buried on
Severny Island.) During a later voyage by
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In the months following Hitler's June 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union, the United States and Great
Britain organized convoys of merchant ships under naval escort to deliver Lend-Lease supplies to northern Soviet seaports. The Allied convoys up to
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consisted of thirty-six merchant ships containing 297 aircraft, 596 tanks, 4,286 other vehicles and more than 150,000 long tons (152,407 t) of other cargo, six destroyer escorts, fifteen additional armed ships (among which were two
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On
Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities in Solovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and on Amending Article 46 of the Oblast Law "On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk
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Le nouveau voyage du nort, dans lequel on voit les moeurs, la manière de vivre, et les superstitions des
Norweghiens, des Lapons, des Kiloppes, des Borandiens, des Syberiens, des Moscovites, des Samojèdes, des Zembliens et des
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responded on July 4 by diverting the escort vessels to the west to rendezvous with the Home Fleet and ordered the merchant vessels to scatter. Seeking safety in the
Matochkin Strait, several ships headed toward Novaya Zemlya.
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In
October 2012, it was reported that Russia would resume subcritical nuclear testing at "Zone B". In spring 2013, construction of what would become a new tunnel and four buildings was initiated near the
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operations, but also provided logistical support for the nearby nuclear test area. Novaya Zemlya was one of the two major nuclear test sites managed by the USSR along with the
1511:. The total area is about 83,000 square kilometers (32,000 sq mi). The highest mountain is located on the Northern island and is 1,547 meters (5,075 ft) high.
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In 2023, CNN reported that commercial satellite imagery showed new tunneling activity and surface construction at Novaya Zemlya test sites (including published imagery at
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Other tests occurred elsewhere throughout the islands, with an official testing range covering over half of the landmass. In
September 1961, two propelled
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maritime location. Even so, glaciers dominate the northern interior and there is strong snow accumulation each winter due to the length of the season.
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In July 1954, Novaya Zemlya was designated as the nuclear weapons testing venue, construction of which began in October and existed during much of the
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occurred in the northeastern portion of Novaya Zemlya. Dozens of polar bears were seen entering homes, public buildings, and inhabited areas, so
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activists staged a protest at the site. The last nuclear test explosion was in 1990 (also the last for the entire Soviet Union and Russia). The
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Lorenz, Henning; Gee, David G.; Korago, Evgeny; Kovaleva, Galina; McClelland, William C.; Gilotti, Jane A.; Frei, Dirk (December 2013).
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underwater nuclear experiments near Matochkin Shar each autumn since 1998. These tests reportedly involve up to 100 grams (3.5
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On Amending Various Oblast Laws Dealing with the Process of Municipal Self-Government and Relations with Non-Profit Organizations
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2528:, Nova Zemlya is the location of a rare mineral, byzanium, mined secretly by Americans in 1911. A map of the island is provided.
578:; it was used for air drops and underground testing of the largest of Soviet nuclear bombs, in particular the October 30, 1961,
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arrived unscathed but German aircraft, ships and U-boats were sent to northern Norway and Finland to oppose the convoys.
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3864:(Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ of September 23, 2004
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3655:"Detrital zircon geochronology of Palaeozoic Novaya Zemlya - a key to understanding the basement of the Barents Shelf"
1526:. Possibly this is indebted to a counter-effect created by the growth of glaciers during the last few thousand years.
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In 1870s several Nenets families were resettled from elsewhere as part of the colonization of the territory by the
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3848:(Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #65-5-OZ of September 23, 2009
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2537:(1962), Kinbote's home country is named Zembla, and references to Novaya Zemlya are made throughout the novel.
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enter human-inhabited areas more frequently than previously, which has been attributed to climate change.
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and its offshore position, winters are a lot less severe than in inland areas on a lot lower latitudes in
1780:
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of Novaya Zemlya is influenced by its severe climate, but the region nevertheless supports a diversity of
1519:
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2900:"Health, science and education, history and trade among others – news review from the Arkhangelsk region"
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The entire civilian population was transferred to the mainland in 1957 before nuclear testing began.
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Rozenberg Publishers – Climate and glacial history of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian Arctic
4004:
3307:"Exclusive: Satellite images show increased activity at nuclear test sites in Russia, China and US"
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of Novaya Zemlya District. 457 more persons resided in the second largest settlement of Rogachevo,
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CHAP. XXXIX. The taking of another Zemblane and his Wife, their Habits, Arms, and manner of living
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1810:, but instead last up to eight months a year. The milder waters to its west delays the onset of
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Serebryanny, Leonid (June 1997). "The Colonization and Peoples of Novaya Zemlya then and now".
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On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast
3794:"Polar bear invasion: Parents scared to send children to school in remote Russian archipelago"
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746:, sortied from Trondheim with four destroyers and two smaller vessels. The pocket battleships
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and other warships rounded Cape Desire, entered the Kara Sea and attacked a shore station on
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The coast of Novaya Zemlya is very indented, and it is the area with the largest number of
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in the 16th century led to its exploration. The first visit from a Western European was by
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Khalturin, Vitaly I.; Rautian, Tatyana G.; Richards, Paul G.; Leith, William S. (2005).
2802:"Search for Barents: Evaluation of Possible Burial Sites on North Novaya Zemlya, Russia"
1236:
A perception of a "Zemblien", a Novaya Zemlya native, by a 17th century French traveller
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for "Novaya Zemlya". He noted that the Zembliens worshipped the Sun and wooden idols.
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reduces sea ice, forcing the bears to come inland to find food. In February 2019, a
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4033:, 50 megatonne hydrogen bomb test on 30 October 1961. at 8:55–9:30. 20 August 2020.
3868:, as amended by the Oblast Law #224-13-OZ of December 16, 2014
3852:, as amended by the Oblast Law #232-13-OZ of December 16, 2014
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3856:. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
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The indigenous population (from 1872 to the 1950s) consisted of about 50–300
638:
during the early 1830s. The first permanent settlement was established in 1870 at
594:
The Russian people knew of Novaya Zemlya from the 11th century, when hunters from
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1137:. In the case of the September 12, 1973 test, a seismic magnitude of 6.97 on the
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made the acquaintance of a new prisoner, a Captain Menshikov, who told him that:
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3495:, Arctic Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic
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4019:, International Atomic Energy Agency Department of Nuclear Safety and Security.
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landscape. It has an area of 33,275 square kilometres (12,800 sq mi).
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helped make the Novaya Zemlya testing activities public knowledge, and in 1990
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was another explorer who passed through Novaya Zemlya while searching for the
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2994:"A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955–1990"
2760:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 832–833.
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Environment, climate change, and history of exploration (Barents' wintering)
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German reconnaissance aircraft and torpedo bomber attacks began on July 2.
539:
on the southern part of the southern island, on the westernmost peninsula (
65:
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2877:
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authorities declared a state of emergency on Saturday, February 16, 2019.
824:
but the Soviet Navy, now on the offensive, destroyed the German submarine
82:
Location of Novaya Zemlya, including the site of the Tsar Bomba detonation
4247:
4108:
3141:
Jasinski, Michael; Chuen, Cristina; Ferguson, Charles D. (October 2002).
1555:
1508:
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1224:) that indicated possible preparation for resumption of nuclear testing.
1158:
990:
595:
528:
524:
478:
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1356:, which established a settlement of Malye Karmakuly (Малые Кармакулы).
4026:
3887:: The War at Sea 1939–1945. Vol. II (3rd impr. ed.). London:
3092:. Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University. Archived from
2820:
1811:
1807:
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1458:. Novaya Zemlya consists of two major islands, separated by the narrow
1421:. The population consists mainly of military and construction workers.
1364:
850:
727:
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1481:. It has an area of 48,904 square kilometres (18,882 sq mi).
77:
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1567:
1492:
1384:
928:
462:
454:
3392:[Novaya Zemlya - history of settlement]. Belushka.virtbox.ru
2749:
1462:, as well as a number of smaller islands. The two main islands are:
835:
In 1943, Novaya Zemlya briefly served as a secret seaplane base for
779:, to enter the Kara Sea and sink as many Soviet ships as possible.
3284:
1500:
1438:
1231:
1175:
1098:), was used in 1958–1961 and was the site of the 1961 test of the
854:
3850:
On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Arkhangelsk Oblast
3888:
1392:
1388:
1254:
4213:
4040:
3771:"Watch: Polar bear in Russian archipelago peeks inside a house"
3981:
3507:, www.eki.ee The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
816:
In August 1943, a German U-boat sank the Soviet research ship
3873:. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
2693:
The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English
1186:
settlement, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west-northwest to the
726:
corvettes) and three small rescue craft. The convoy departed
408:
3542:[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].
3305:
Eric Cheung; Brad Lendon; Ivan Watson (September 23, 2023).
1249:
871:. Seaplane sorties were flown in August and September 1943.
598:
visited the area. For Western Europeans, the search for the
586:, the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated.
1063:), was used for underground tests in 1964–1990. "Zone C",
387:
364:
358:
320:
317:
308:
297:
291:
285:
3586:
Russian military mapping. The highest point is located at
1450:
Novaya Zemlya is an extension of the northern part of the
349:
1149:
and created a lake 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in length.
484:
Novaya Zemlya consists of two main islands, the northern
402:
294:
4023:Испытание чистой водородной бомбы мощностью 50 млн тонн
3256:"Russia May Resume Subcritical Atomic Testing: Sources"
3090:"Frozen in Time: A Cold War Relic Gives up its Secrets"
1503:
in the Russian Federation. Novaya Zemlya separates the
523:
Novaya Zemlya was a sensitive military area during the
3626:
Feldskaar, Willy; Amantov, Aleksey (August 21, 2017).
3539:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
1791:
Novaya Zemlya has a maritime-influenced variety of a
1779:
region is genetically distinct from other polar bear
1534:
The geology of Novaya Zemlya is dominated by a large
384:
346:
343:
305:
282:
279:
3723:"Weather and Climate-The Climate of Malye Karmakuly"
3281:"The Underground Nuclear Test Site at Novaya Zemlya"
1333:
A 17th-century traveller to the North, ship surgeon
396:
352:
314:
288:
3725:(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
2775:
New Found Lands: Maps in the History of Exploration
1102:, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated.
1028:), was used in 1955–1962 and 1972–1975. "Zone B",
976:
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960:
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861:, which were operating along the northern coast of
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3769:Abellan Matamoros, Cristina (February 13, 2019).
3536:Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
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3081:
3079:
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2985:
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1771:. One of the most notable species present is the
893:Novaya Zemlya Test Site boundaries and facilities
3544:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года
1826:Climate data for Malye Karmakuly, Novaya Zemlya
1514:Compared to other regions that were under large
734:On the night of July 2/3, the German battleship
3749:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3630:[Small land uplift on Novaya Zemlya?].
3367:Le nouveau voyage du nort, Chapter LIII, p. 273
801:
3412:"Microsoft Word - North Test Site _FINAL_.doc"
1133:underground led to pressures rivaling natural
915:water: 36,000 km (14,000 sq mi)
913:land: 55,200 km (21,300 sq mi)
4225:
4052:
3859:
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46:
8:
3705:, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
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630:The islands were systematically surveyed by
39:
3745:"Malye Karmakuly Climate Normals 1961–1990"
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3433:
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1141:was reached, setting off an 80-million-ton
758:and six destroyers sailed from Narvik, but
434:
361:
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3198:. Nuclear Threat Initiative. July 30, 2003
3196:"Russia: Central Test Site, Novaya Zemlya"
2872:
2870:
2868:
2846:Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006
1822:
1405:was about 2,429, of whom 1,972 resided in
1401:The population of Novaya Zemlya as of the
1239:
878:
775:In August 1942, the German Navy commenced
76:
64:
38:
2819:
2800:Zeeberg, Jaapjan J.; et al. (2002).
1574:and reef limestones. Small areas of late
1538:structure that forms an extension of the
469:, on the northern island, considered the
4248:Islands of the Kara Sea (Russian Arctic)
3116:"The early history of Greenpeace Russia"
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2695:(2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 910.
1522:, Novaya Zemlya shows relatively little
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3458:
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853:. The seaplane base was established by
652:
151:83,000 km (32,000 sq mi)
3821:The Secret History of Vladimir Nabokov
3465:Ядерные испытания СССР. Том 1. Глава 2
2691:; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017).
1117:to target areas on Novaya Zemlya. The
762:and three destroyers ran aground. The
650:, but then returned to Belushya Guba.
3792:Stambaugh, Alex (February 12, 2019).
1598:Natural-color satellite image of the
1542:. The geology is primarily formed of
527:, and parts of it are still used for
428:
7:
4029:historical video of the RDS-220, or
3628:"Liten landheving på Novaya Zemlya?"
845:, to provide German surveillance of
615:in 1821–1824, the western coast was
4665:Archipelagoes of Arkhangelsk Oblast
3442:"The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed"
3118:. Greenpeace Russia. Archived from
1383:hunting. Natural resources include
1128:1963 saw the implementation of the
473:. To Novaya Zemlya's west lies the
3355:, from the English translation of
3324:tr. "Development of Novaya Zemlya"
1570:to shallow marine and terrestrial
1546:sedimentary rocks, including both
787:, badly damaging the Soviet ships
25:
4650:Archipelagoes of the Arctic Ocean
3390:"Новая земля – история заселения"
3338:LA MARTINIERE, Pierre-Martin de,
3147:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
3088:Pratt, Sara (November 28, 2005).
3060:. Astronautix.com. Archived from
1327:Source: Census data and estimates
4241:
3994:Novaya Zemlya information portal
3984:The New Student's Reference Work
3815:Pitzer, Andrea (March 1, 2013).
3562:"Novaya Zemlya, Northern Russia"
3548:Federal State Statistics Service
2665:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
2575:
2561:
1712:
1666:
1619:
1607:
1591:
887:
682:
670:
655:
380:
339:
275:
252:
240:
3885:History of the Second World War
3377:Новая земля - история заселения
2546:, depicted the last journey of
2540:In 2011, a Dutch feature film,
2487:Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)
1802:). Due to some effect from the
1722:(Northernmost cape of Severny;
689:Map of Novaya Zemlya from 1720.
677:1599–1601 map of Novaya Zemlya.
4017:Nuclear tests in Novaya Zemlya
3167:10.1080/00963402.2002.11460608
3143:"Russia: Of truth and testing"
1469:(Northern), which has a large
1335:Pierre Martin de La Martinière
1178:) of weapons-grade plutonium.
461:, in the extreme northeast of
34:Archipelago in northern Russia
1:
4655:Archipelagoes of the Kara Sea
4259:Arkticheskiy Institut Islands
3058:"Testing the Kosmos 2 rocket"
1487:(Southern), which is largely
1121:was subsequently deployed to
570:). It was used primarily for
492:, which are separated by the
2902:. Barents.fi. August 3, 2005
2878:"Новая земля в 1917–1941 гг"
1445:Russian Arctic National Park
1443:Landscape in Novaya Zemlya,
665:' ship among the Arctic ice.
4279:Bolshoi Korsakovsky Islands
3702:Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus
3001:Science and Global Security
2085:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1945:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1562:, ranging from deep marine
471:easternmost point of Europe
159:1,547 m (5075 ft)
4686:
4670:Russian nuclear test sites
4660:Islands of the Barents Sea
4068:Islands of the Barents Sea
3911:Woodman, Richard (2004) .
3709:December 24, 2008, at the
3343:(readable in Google Books)
2486:
2481:
1825:
1775:, whose population in the
1614:Wide shot of Novaya Zemlya
1602:group. East coast, Severny
1435:List of glaciers in Russia
1428:
1170:has performed a series of
1168:Ministry for Atomic Energy
711:
27:For the Russian film, see
26:
4254:
4074:
3953:10.1080/00905999708408505
3860:
3844:
3817:"The mysteries of Zembla"
3522:January 10, 2009, at the
3357:Le nouveau voyage du nort
3260:Nuclear Threat Initiative
3021:10.1080/08929880590961862
2771:Whitfield, Peter (1998).
2667:(3rd ed.). Longman.
2596:List of islands of Russia
2434:
2386:
2342:
2298:
2224:
2154:
2084:
2014:
1944:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1477:, as well as many active
1326:
1267:—
886:
535:maintained a presence at
518:Novaya Zemlya Urban Okrug
430:[ˈnovəjəzʲɪmˈlʲa]
421:
234:
178:
75:
63:
47:
4444:Nordenskiöld Archipelago
4264:Belukha and Prodolgovaty
3913:Arctic Convoys 1941–1945
3877:Roskill, S. W. (1962) .
3773:. euronews.com. Euronews
3699:C. Michael Hogan (2008)
3543:
3538:
2591:List of fjords of Russia
2482:Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net
1586:rocks are also exposed.
1431:List of fjords of Russia
1363:who subsisted mainly on
606:in 1553. Dutch explorer
516:, it is incorporated as
500:, it is incorporated as
457:. It is situated in the
225:0.04/km (0.1/sq mi)
4389:Levinson-Lessing Island
3915:. London: John Murray.
3491:August 7, 2009, at the
3471:April 14, 2010, at the
3234:73.367363°N 54.799984°E
3013:2005S&GS...13....1K
2757:Encyclopædia Britannica
1130:Limited Test Ban Treaty
576:Semipalatinsk Test Site
477:and to the east is the
4169:Store Kamøya, Nordkapp
4010:July 19, 2004, at the
3796:. edition.cnn.com. CNN
3564:. NASA. Archived from
3320:"Освоение Новой Земли"
1475:Severny Island ice cap
1447:
1237:
1107:thermonuclear warheads
805:
740:and the heavy cruiser
502:Novaya Zemlya District
230:Additional information
204: (pop. 1,972)
156:Highest elevation
4329:Izvestiy TSIK Islands
4324:Helland-Hansen Island
3880:The Period of Balance
3096:on September 16, 2020
2969:Warship International
2880:. Belushka.virtbox.ru
2751:"Novaya Zemlya"
1442:
1425:Geography and geology
1415:administrative center
1241:Historical population
1235:
558:71.61787°N 52.47884°E
4509:Scott Hansen Islands
4134:Mezhdusharsky Island
4124:Lille Ekkerøy, Vadsø
3940:Nationalities Papers
3239:73.367363; 54.799984
2971:No. 3, 1987, p. 318.
2935:, pp. 197, 199.
2637:Mezhdusharsky Island
2632:Gora Severny Nunatak
2601:Novaya Zemlya effect
1875:Record high °C (°F)
1674:Inostrantsev Glacier
1600:Nordenskiöld Glacier
868:13th U-boat Flotilla
777:Operation Wunderland
771:Operation Wunderland
572:interceptor aircraft
70:Map of Novaya Zemlya
29:Novaya Zemlya (film)
4374:Krusenstern Islands
4349:Kolomeytsev Islands
3977:"Nova Zembla"
3671:2013TeNov..25..496L
3601: /
3568:on October 11, 2006
3517:"Nuclear Free Seas"
3379:arhangelsk.allnw.ru
3230: /
3159:2002BuAtS..58e..60J
2959:, pp. 203–204.
2724:Law #258-vneoch.-OZ
2343:Average snowy days
2299:Average rainy days
2155:Record low °C (°F)
2015:Daily mean °C (°F)
1737: /
1691: /
1645: /
1554:rocks spanning the
1520:last glacial period
1242:
1208: /
1109:were launched from
1082: /
1047: /
1012: /
818:Akademic Shokalskiy
795:. Later that year,
554: /
120: /
41:
4609:Yarzhinsky Islands
4494:Rastorguyev Island
4459:October Revolution
4314:Graham Bell Island
3439:Novaya Zemlya in:
3038:on August 14, 2016
2821:10.14430/arctic716
2525:Raise the Titanic!
2513:In popular culture
2507:Arkhangelsk region
1448:
1238:
929:Russian Federation
822:Mys Sporyy Navolok
808:the Soviet press.
600:Northern Sea Route
563:71.61787; 52.47884
510:Arkhangelsk Oblast
198:Largest settlement
192:Arkhangelsk Oblast
168:Gora Kruzenshterna
164:Highest point
4632:
4631:
4594:Vilkitsky Islands
4539:Sibiryakov Island
4514:Sedov Archipelago
4474:Pilota Makhotkina
4469:Pakhtusov Islands
4384:Ledyanyye Islands
4369:Krestovsky Island
4207:
4206:
4139:Morzhovets Island
3922:978-0-7195-5752-1
3679:10.1111/ter.12064
3605:75.167°N 57.833°E
3467:www.npc.sarov.ru
2923:, pp. 33–83.
2842:Henry Hudson in:
2779:. UK: Routledge.
2702:978-1-138-12566-7
2674:978-1-4058-8118-0
2491:
2490:
2389:relative humidity
1741:76.950°N 68.583°E
1695:76.467°N 66.083°E
1649:76.450°N 68.700°E
1524:isostatic rebound
1331:
1330:
1212:73.385°N 54.740°E
1145:that blocked two
987:
986:
764:British Admiralty
625:Northeast Passage
488:and the southern
331:
268:
267:
16:(Redirected from
4677:
4589:Vilkitsky Island
4569:Tsivolko Islands
4519:Severnaya Zemlya
4424:Myachina Islands
4334:Kamennye Islands
4289:Dzhekman Islands
4246:
4245:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4211:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4038:
3990:
3988:
3979:
3964:
3926:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3863:
3862:
3847:
3846:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3719:
3713:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3533:
3527:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3482:
3476:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3437:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3416:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3336:
3330:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3085:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3064:on June 18, 2012
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3031:. Archived from
2998:
2989:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2874:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2849:. Archived from
2840:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2778:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2742:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2657:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2564:
1823:
1814:and causes vast
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1670:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1623:
1611:
1595:
1460:Matochkin Strait
1411:urban settlement
1256:
1251:
1243:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1111:Vorkuta Sovetsky
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
961:Test information
920:Site information
891:
879:
686:
674:
659:
569:
568:
566:
565:
564:
559:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
533:Soviet Air Force
498:Administratively
494:Matochkin Strait
467:Cape Flissingsky
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
432:
427:
423:
415:
414:
411:
410:
405:
404:
399:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
379:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
355:
354:
351:
348:
345:
338:
329:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
300:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
256:
244:
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
80:
68:
58:
50:
49:
42:
21:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4614:Yermolov Island
4554:Sverdrup Island
4409:Minina Skerries
4364:Krasnoflotskiye
4319:Heiberg Islands
4304:Firnley Islands
4299:Eastern Islands
4250:
4240:
4238:
4208:
4203:
4070:
4065:
4025:, declassified
4012:Wayback Machine
3974:
3971:
3936:
3933:
3931:Further reading
3923:
3910:
3901:
3899:
3876:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3711:Wayback Machine
3698:
3694:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3632:geoforskning.no
3625:
3624:
3620:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3524:Wayback Machine
3515:
3511:
3503:
3499:
3493:Wayback Machine
3483:
3479:
3473:Wayback Machine
3463:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3333:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3035:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2853:on May 24, 2008
2843:
2841:
2837:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2744:
2743:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2606:Gusinaya Zemlya
2581:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2548:Willem Barentsz
2515:
2492:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1789:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1615:
1612:
1603:
1596:
1584:metasedimentary
1582:and associated
1532:
1437:
1427:
1347:Nouvelle Zemble
1230:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1147:glacial streams
1090:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1001:
999:
998:
914:
894:
877:
875:Nuclear testing
847:Allied shipping
814:
812:1943 operations
773:
716:
710:
697:
690:
687:
678:
675:
666:
663:Willem Barentsz
660:
640:Malye Karmakuly
636:Avgust Tsivolko
632:Pyotr Pakhtusov
608:Willem Barentsz
604:Hugh Willoughby
592:
562:
560:
556:
553:
548:
545:
543:
541:
540:
446:
443:
440:
437:
425:
407:
401:
383:
374:
373:
357:
342:
333:
332:
301:
278:
274:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
257:
249:
248:
245:
188:Federal subject
183:
128:
126:
122:
119:
114:
111:
109:
107:
106:
83:
71:
59:
52:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4683:
4681:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4584:Vaygach Island
4581:
4576:
4574:Ushakov Island
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4524:Severny Island
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4504:Schmidt Island
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4479:Pioneer Island
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4344:Kolchak Island
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4194:Wilhelm Island
4191:
4189:Vaygach Island
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4154:Severny Island
4151:
4146:
4144:Nordaustlandet
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4020:
4014:
4002:
3996:
3991:
3970:
3969:External links
3967:
3966:
3965:
3947:(2): 301–309.
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3921:
3908:
3874:
3857:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3807:
3784:
3761:
3736:
3714:
3692:
3665:(6): 496–503.
3645:
3634:(in Norwegian)
3618:
3610:75.167; 57.833
3579:
3553:
3546:(in Russian).
3528:
3509:
3497:
3487:www.npolar.no
3477:
3454:
3427:
3403:
3381:
3369:
3360:
3345:
3331:
3312:
3297:
3272:
3247:
3209:
3187:
3133:
3122:on May 2, 2007
3107:
3075:
3049:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2947:, p. 201.
2937:
2925:
2913:
2891:
2864:
2835:
2814:(4): 329–338.
2792:
2785:
2763:
2748:, ed. (1911).
2746:Chisholm, Hugh
2726:
2717:
2708:
2701:
2680:
2673:
2661:Wells, John C.
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2583:Islands portal
2572:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2538:
2529:
2522:'s 1976 novel
2514:
2511:
2503:mass migration
2499:Global warming
2489:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:sunshine hours
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
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2383:
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2377:
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2368:
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2347:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
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2327:
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2321:
2318:
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2303:
2300:
2296:
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2290:
2285:
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2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
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2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
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2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
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2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1793:tundra climate
1788:
1785:
1781:subpopulations
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1746:76.950; 68.583
1720:Cape Zhelaniya
1718:
1711:
1709:
1700:76.467; 66.083
1672:
1665:
1663:
1654:76.450; 68.700
1628:Willem Barents
1625:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1576:Neoproterozoic
1540:Ural Mountains
1531:
1528:
1497:
1496:
1482:
1452:Ural Mountains
1426:
1423:
1354:Russian Empire
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1229:
1226:
1217:73.385; 54.740
1156:In 1988–1989,
1030:Matochkin Shar
995:Chyornaya Guba
985:
984:
981:
974:
973:
970:
963:
962:
958:
957:
954:
950:
949:
945:
944:
941:
937:
936:
926:
922:
921:
917:
916:
911:
907:
906:
900:
896:
895:
892:
884:
883:
876:
873:
813:
810:
781:Admiral Scheer
772:
769:
749:Admiral Scheer
743:Admiral Hipper
712:Main article:
709:
706:
696:
693:
692:
691:
688:
681:
679:
676:
669:
667:
661:
654:
591:
588:
486:Severny Island
266:
265:
258:
251:
250:
246:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
232:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
206:
205:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
176:
175:
174:Administration
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
85:
84:
81:
73:
72:
69:
61:
60:
45:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4682:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:Novaya Zemlya
4643:
4642:
4640:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:Yuzhny Island
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4564:Tillo Islands
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Sorevnovaniya
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:Shren Islands
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:Russky Island
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Novaya Zemlya
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Nansen Island
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:Litke Islands
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:Kirov Islands
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4294:Dikson Island
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4235:
4230:
4228:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4200:
4199:Yuzhny Island
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4149:Novaya Zemlya
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:Kildin Island
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3987:
3985:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3808:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3772:
3765:
3762:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3646:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3583:
3580:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3541:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3478:
3475:, p. 58.
3474:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3443:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3420:September 27,
3413:
3407:
3404:
3396:September 27,
3391:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3301:
3298:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3213:
3210:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3180:September 22,
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3068:September 27,
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2914:
2906:September 27,
2901:
2895:
2892:
2884:September 27,
2879:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2793:
2788:
2786:0-415-92026-4
2782:
2777:
2776:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2612:Novaya Zemlya
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2569:Russia portal
2559:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2520:Clive Cussler
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:Mean monthly
2433:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2227:precipitation
2223:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1721:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1675:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1630:' gravesite;
1629:
1626:Barents Bay (
1622:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:siliciclastic
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
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1457:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:Belushya Guba
1404:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
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1277:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1191:
1189:
1188:Mount Lazarev
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Richter scale
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:launch rocket
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1086:73.7°N 54.0°E
1066:
1060:
1051:73.4°N 54.9°E
1031:
1025:
1016:70.7°N 54.6°E
996:
992:
982:
979:
975:
971:
968:
964:
959:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:
923:
918:
912:
908:
904:
901:
897:
890:
885:
882:Novaya Zemlya
880:
874:
872:
870:
869:
864:
863:Soviet Russia
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:
838:
833:
831:
830:Mys Zhelaniya
827:
823:
819:
811:
809:
804:
800:
798:
797:Karlo Štajner
794:
793:Revolutionist
790:
786:
785:Dikson Island
782:
778:
770:
768:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
750:
745:
744:
739:
738:
732:
729:
725:
720:
715:
707:
705:
703:
694:
685:
680:
673:
668:
664:
658:
653:
651:
649:
646:, in 1935 to
645:
644:Belushya Guba
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
589:
587:
585:
582:explosion of
581:
577:
573:
567:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:, one of the
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Yuzhny Island
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
431:
422:Но́вая Земля́
419:
413:
377:
369:
336:
325:
272:
271:Novaya Zemlya
255:
243:
233:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
203:
202:Belushya Guba
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
182:
177:
172:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
140:Major islands
138:
133:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
86:
79:
74:
67:
62:
56:
43:
40:Novaya Zemlya
37:
30:
19:
18:Novaja Zemlja
4453:
4414:Mona Islands
4379:Labyrintovye
4148:
4089:Dolgy Island
3983:
3944:
3938:
3912:
3902:February 11,
3900:. Retrieved
3879:
3869:
3865:
3853:
3849:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:
3810:
3800:February 15,
3798:. Retrieved
3787:
3777:February 14,
3775:. Retrieved
3764:
3754:February 27,
3752:. Retrieved
3739:
3729:February 27,
3727:. Retrieved
3717:
3701:
3695:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3636:. Retrieved
3631:
3621:
3582:
3570:. Retrieved
3566:the original
3556:
3531:
3526:, Greenpeace
3512:
3505:"The Nenets"
3500:
3480:
3445:. Retrieved
3418:. Retrieved
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3384:
3372:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3334:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3300:
3288:. Retrieved
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3250:
3212:
3200:. Retrieved
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3153:(5): 60–65.
3150:
3146:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:the original
3110:
3098:. Retrieved
3094:the original
3066:. Retrieved
3062:the original
3052:
3040:. Retrieved
3033:the original
3004:
3000:
2968:
2964:
2957:Woodman 2004
2952:
2945:Woodman 2004
2940:
2933:Woodman 2004
2928:
2921:Woodman 2004
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2855:. Retrieved
2851:the original
2845:
2838:
2811:
2805:
2795:
2774:
2766:
2755:
2720:
2715:Law #65-5-OZ
2711:
2692:
2689:Upton, Clive
2683:
2664:
2655:
2619:
2611:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2493:
2229:mm (inches)
1816:seasonal lag
1799:
1790:
1762:
1533:
1513:
1498:
1449:
1413:that is the
1400:
1397:
1379:hunting and
1358:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1127:
1104:
993:. "Zone A",
988:
956:1955–present
948:Site history
933:Soviet Union
903:Nuclear test
866:
849:en route to
842:Kriegsmarine
840:
837:Nazi Germany
834:
829:
821:
817:
815:
806:
802:
792:
788:
780:
774:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
733:
719:Convoy PQ 17
717:
714:Convoy PQ 17
708:Convoy PQ 17
698:
695:World War II
629:
621:Henry Hudson
613:Fyodor Litke
593:
522:
517:
501:
483:
459:Arctic Ocean
453:in northern
270:
269:
222:Pop. density
217:3,576 (2021)
209:Demographics
180:
97:Arctic Ocean
36:
4599:Vize Island
4579:Uyedineniya
4549:Storozhevye
4484:Plavnikovye
4439:Neupokoyeva
4429:Nablyudeniy
4359:Komsomolets
4274:Bera Island
4269:Bely Island
4164:Spitsbergen
4084:Bear Island
3608: /
3572:October 14,
3447:October 14,
3328:belushka.ru
3290:January 22,
3265:January 22,
3237: /
3202:October 14,
3126:October 14,
3100:October 14,
3042:October 14,
3007:(1): 1–42.
2857:October 14,
2622:(2011 film)
2620:Nova Zembla
2614:(2008 film)
2543:Nova Zembla
2495:Polar bears
1804:Gulf Stream
1777:Barents Sea
1759:Environment
1744: /
1698: /
1652: /
1578:(~600 mya)
1518:during the
1505:Barents Sea
1489:unglaciated
1456:Kara Strait
1403:2010 Census
1343:Nova Zembla
1215: /
1172:subcritical
1135:earthquakes
1089: /
1054: /
1019: /
967:Subcritical
953:In use
865:as part of
724:Free-French
561: /
531:today. The
514:Municipally
475:Barents Sea
451:archipelago
127: /
103:Coordinates
48:Новая Земля
4639:Categories
4489:Proklyatye
4354:Kolosovykh
4079:Barentsøya
4031:Tsar Bomba
3659:Terra Nova
3225:54°48′00″E
3222:73°22′03″N
2643:References
2627:Tsar Bomba
1773:polar bear
1676:terminus (
1572:sandstones
1564:turbidites
1536:anticlinal
1516:ice sheets
1491:and has a
1429:See also:
1377:polar bear
1228:Population
1203:54°44′24″E
1200:73°23′06″N
1164:Greenpeace
1100:Tsar Bomba
1091:73.7; 54.0
1065:Sukhoy Nos
1056:73.4; 54.9
1021:70.7; 54.6
931:(formerly
584:Tsar Bomba
549:52°28′44″E
546:71°37′04″N
512:, Russia.
506:twenty-one
214:Population
4529:Shokalsky
4309:Gavrilova
4174:Svenskøya
4159:Skogerøya
3961:129588062
3897:174453986
3687:128745495
3638:April 29,
3341:Islandois
3175:218769187
3029:122069080
2534:Pale Fire
1548:carbonate
1544:Paleozoic
1507:from the
1419:Rogachevo
1375:herding,
1339:Zembliens
1143:avalanche
1115:Salekhard
972:not known
580:air burst
537:Rogachevo
529:airfields
124:74°N 56°E
88:Geography
4624:Zveroboy
4604:Voronina
4404:Markgama
4129:Magerøya
4114:Kongsøya
4109:Kolguyev
4008:Archived
3707:Archived
3520:Archived
3489:Archived
3485:"Nenets"
3469:Archived
2830:40512490
2663:(2008).
2555:See also
2387:Average
2225:Average
2220:(−40.0)
2215:(−33.2)
2210:(−20.4)
2180:(−14.6)
2175:(−21.8)
2170:(−40.0)
2165:(−35.3)
2160:(−32.8)
1556:Cambrian
1509:Kara Sea
1479:glaciers
1373:reindeer
1369:trapping
1159:glasnost
991:Cold War
925:Operator
648:Lagernoe
596:Novgorod
525:Cold War
479:Kara Sea
449:) is an
444:New Land
93:Location
4559:Taymyra
4419:Moristy
4184:Vardøya
4179:Vadsøya
4119:Kvitøya
4094:Edgeøya
4027:Rosatom
3989:. 1914.
3871:Oblast"
3838:Sources
3826:May 26,
3667:Bibcode
3596:57°50′E
3593:75°10′N
3155:Bibcode
3009:Bibcode
2294:(13.2)
2205:(−6.0)
2200:(14.2)
2195:(28.9)
2190:(27.0)
2185:(14.7)
2150:(19.4)
2140:(14.2)
2135:(24.8)
2130:(35.8)
2125:(40.8)
2120:(41.2)
2115:(33.3)
2110:(21.6)
2095:(−0.2)
2080:(23.9)
2075:(12.0)
2070:(19.2)
2065:(28.8)
2060:(38.7)
2055:(44.2)
2050:(45.1)
2045:(36.5)
2040:(25.3)
2035:(14.2)
2030:(10.0)
2010:(28.6)
2005:(17.4)
2000:(23.4)
1995:(31.8)
1990:(41.9)
1985:(48.2)
1980:(50.5)
1975:(40.8)
1970:(29.5)
1965:(19.9)
1960:(15.6)
1955:(11.3)
1950:(12.4)
1940:(82.9)
1935:(36.5)
1930:(40.1)
1925:(49.5)
1920:(66.0)
1915:(81.1)
1910:(82.9)
1905:(72.0)
1900:(63.7)
1895:(46.0)
1890:(36.3)
1885:(35.1)
1880:(36.7)
1812:sea ice
1808:Siberia
1787:Climate
1765:ecology
1732:68°35′E
1729:76°57′N
1683:76°28′N
1640:68°42′E
1637:76°27′N
1580:granite
1560:Permian
1530:Geology
1471:ice cap
1467:Severny
1365:fishing
1341:, from
1300:+406.7%
1278:+261.1%
1184:Severny
1077:54°00′E
1074:73°42′N
1042:54°54′E
1039:73°24′N
1007:54°36′E
1004:70°42′N
978:Nuclear
851:Siberia
789:Dezhnev
737:Tirpitz
728:Iceland
590:History
465:, with
438:
418:Russian
55:Russian
4464:Oleniy
4394:Lishny
4284:Bonevi
3986:
3959:
3919:
3895:
3685:
3309:. CNN.
3173:
3027:
2828:
2807:Arctic
2783:
2699:
2671:
2477:1,197
2289:(1.3)
2284:(0.9)
2279:(1.4)
2274:(1.5)
2269:(1.2)
2264:(1.4)
2259:(0.9)
2254:(0.6)
2249:(0.8)
2244:(0.9)
2239:(1.0)
2234:(1.2)
2145:(6.6)
2105:(8.6)
2100:(4.6)
2090:(0.9)
2025:(5.5)
2020:(6.6)
1831:Month
1797:Köppen
1686:66°5′E
1568:flysch
1501:fjords
1493:tundra
1485:Yuzhny
1473:, the
1391:, and
1385:copper
1361:Nenets
1311:−10.6%
1289:+37.4%
943:Active
940:Status
760:Lützow
755:Lützow
617:mapped
463:Europe
455:Russia
181:Russia
129:74; 56
51:
4449:Nosok
4099:Hopen
3957:S2CID
3683:S2CID
3415:(PDF)
3285:Ceros
3171:S2CID
3036:(PDF)
3025:S2CID
2997:(PDF)
2826:JSTOR
2648:Notes
2218:−40.0
2213:−36.2
2208:−29.1
2203:−21.1
2178:−25.9
2173:−29.9
2168:−40.0
2163:−37.4
2158:−36.0
2143:−14.1
2103:−13.0
2098:−15.2
2093:−17.9
2088:−17.3
2073:−11.1
2028:−12.2
2023:−14.7
2018:−14.1
1953:−11.5
1948:−10.9
1870:Year
1769:biota
1409:, an
1322:−5.2%
1319:2,302
1308:2,429
1297:2,716
980:tests
969:tests
859:U-711
855:U-255
828:near
826:U-639
820:near
702:PQ 12
3917:ISBN
3904:2019
3893:OCLC
3889:HMSO
3828:2021
3802:2019
3779:2019
3756:2016
3731:2016
3640:2016
3574:2006
3449:2006
3422:2012
3398:2012
3292:2020
3267:2020
3204:2006
3182:2009
3128:2006
3102:2006
3070:2012
3044:2006
2908:2012
2886:2012
2859:2006
2781:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2669:ISBN
2462:143
2459:229
2456:173
2453:189
2450:215
2447:107
2391:(%)
2382:163
2198:−9.9
2193:−1.7
2188:−2.8
2183:−9.6
2148:−7.0
2138:−9.9
2133:−4.0
2108:−5.8
2078:−4.5
2068:−7.1
2063:−1.8
2038:−3.7
2033:−9.9
2008:−1.9
2003:−8.1
1998:−4.8
1993:−0.1
1978:10.3
1968:−1.4
1963:−6.7
1958:−9.1
1938:28.3
1918:18.9
1913:27.3
1908:28.3
1903:22.2
1898:17.6
1867:Dec
1864:Nov
1861:Oct
1858:Sep
1855:Aug
1852:Jul
1849:Jun
1846:May
1843:Apr
1840:Mar
1837:Feb
1834:Jan
1763:The
1566:and
1550:and
1433:and
1393:zinc
1389:lead
1381:seal
1316:2021
1305:2010
1294:2002
1283:1955
1272:1936
1261:1911
1250:Pop.
1246:Year
1123:Cuba
1113:and
910:Area
905:site
899:Type
857:and
791:and
752:and
634:and
435:lit.
426:IPA:
330:also
259:Seal
247:Flag
148:Area
115:56°E
112:74°N
3949:doi
3675:doi
3163:doi
3017:doi
2816:doi
2531:In
2518:In
2468:40
2465:73
2444:25
2430:80
2427:78
2424:79
2421:82
2418:85
2415:83
2412:83
2409:81
2406:78
2403:76
2400:77
2397:77
2394:78
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2376:19
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2361:10
2358:17
2355:17
2352:19
2349:18
2346:18
2338:82
2326:19
2323:17
2320:15
2317:10
2292:336
2128:2.1
2123:4.9
2118:5.1
2113:0.7
2058:3.7
2053:6.8
2048:7.3
2043:2.5
1988:5.5
1983:9.0
1973:4.9
1933:2.5
1928:4.5
1923:9.7
1893:7.8
1888:2.4
1883:1.7
1878:2.6
1558:to
1345:or
1286:536
1275:390
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