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detect any potential connections between the state of sea ice and weather conditions elsewhere than in any other area. The first study proposing a connection between floating ice decline in the
Barents Sea and the neighbouring Kara Sea and more intense winters in Europe was published in 2010, and there has been extensive research into this subject since then. For instance, a 2019 paper holds BKS ice decline responsible for 44% of the 1995–2014 central Eurasian cooling trend, far more than indicated by the models, while another study from that year suggests that the decline in BKS ice reduces snow cover in the North Eurasia but increases it in central Europe. There are also potential links to summer precipitation: a connection has been proposed between the reduced BKS ice extent in November–December and greater June rainfall over
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yet non-linear in nature: two separate studies published in 2021 indicate that while autumn BKS ice loss results in cooler
Eurasian winters, ice loss during winter makes Eurasian winters warmer: as BKS ice loss accelerates, the risk of more severe Eurasian winter extremes diminishes while heatwave risk in the spring and summer is magnified.
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into the Kara Sea between 1965 and 1988. Solid high- and low-level wastes unloaded from
Northern Fleet nuclear submarines during reactor refuelings were dumped in the Kara Sea, mainly in the shallow fjords of Novaya Zemlya, where the depths of the dumping sites range from 12 to 135 meters, and in the
696:
Barents Sea is the fastest-warming part of the Arctic, and some assessments now treat
Barents sea ice as a separate tipping point from the rest of the Arctic sea ice, suggesting that it could permanently disappear once the global warming exceeds 1.5 degrees. This rapid warming also makes it easier to
927:
in 1917, the scale and scope of exploration of the Kara Sea increased greatly as part of the work of developing the
Northern Sea Route. Polar stations, of which five already existed in 1917, increased in number, providing meteorologic, ice reconnaissance, and radio facilities. By 1932 there were 24
711:
However, BKS ice research is often subject to the same uncertainty as the broader research into Arctic amplification/whole-Arctic sea ice loss and the jet stream, and is often challenged by the same data. Nevertheless, the most recent research still finds connections which are statistically robust,
1043:, 19 ships containing radioactive waste, 14 nuclear reactors, including five that still contain spent nuclear fuel; 735 other pieces of radioactively contaminated heavy machinery, and the K-27 nuclear submarine with its two reactors loaded with nuclear fuel.
674:
before it reaches the Kara Sea. Simulations with the
Hamburg shelf ocean model (HAMSOM) suggest that no typical water current pattern consists in the Kara Sea throughout the year. Depending on the freshwater run-off, the dominant wind patterns, and the
791:. Malygin took careful observations of these hitherto almost unknown areas of the Russian Arctic coastline. With this knowledge he was able to draw the first somewhat accurate map of the Arctic shores between the
1006:
dumped in the sea and the effect this will have on the marine environment. According to an official "White Paper" report compiled and released by the
Russian government in March 1993, the Soviet Union dumped six
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of Russia—was founded on 11 May 1993, by
Resolution No. 431 of the Government of the Russian Federation (RF). The Kara Sea Islands section (4,000 km) of the Great Arctic Nature Reserve includes: the
372:
The Kara Sea is roughly 1,450 km (900 mi) long and 970 km (600 mi) wide with an area of around 880,000 km (339,770 sq mi) and a mean depth of 110 metres (360 ft).
1038:
and explode (a buildup of heat leading to a steam explosion vs. nuclear). The catalogue of waste dumped at sea by the
Soviets, according to documents seen by Bellona, includes some 17,000 containers of
965:". Its success was limited by the presence of ice floes, as well as bad weather and fog. These effectively protected the Soviet ships, preventing the damage that could have been inflicted on the
3628:
1034:
was scuttled in
Stepovogo Bay with its two reactors filled with spent nuclear fuel. At a seminar in February 2012 it was revealed that the reactors on board the submarine could re-achieve
555:
There are many islands and island groups in the Kara Sea. Unlike the other marginal seas of the Arctic, where most islands lie along the coasts, in the Kara Sea many islands, like the
1092:(Ensomheden) and a number of smaller islands. This section represents rather fully the natural and biological diversity of Arctic sea islands of the eastern part of the Kara Sea.
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stations, by 1948 about 80, and by the 1970s more than 100. The use of icebreakers and, later, aircraft as platforms for scientific work were developed. In 1929 and 1930 the
838:, has been named in his honour. The year 1912 was a tragic one for Russian explorers in the Kara Sea. In that fateful year unbroken consolidated ice blocked the way for the
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729:
and it appears with these names in 16th century maps. Since it is closed by ice most of the year it remained largely unexplored until the late nineteenth century.
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was lost in the Kara Sea. The prolonged absence of those three expeditions stirred public attention, and a few small rescue expeditions were launched, including
424:), which is now relatively insignificant but which played an important role in the Russian conquest of northern Siberia. The Kara river name is derived from a
868:. Georgy Sedov intended to reach Franz Josef Land on ship, leave a depot over there, and sledge to the pole. Due to the heavy ice the vessel could only reach
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2267:
1016:
Novaya Zemlya Trough at depths of up to 380 meters. Liquid low-level wastes were released in the open Barents and Kara Seas. A subsequent appraisal by the
908:, the map of her drift, and daily meteorological records, but the destiny of those who stayed on board remains unknown. In the same year the expedition of
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2245:
2255:
1562:
Schauer, Ursula; Loeng, Harald; Rudels, Bert; Ozhigin, Vladimir K; Dieck, Wolfgang (2002). "Atlantic Water flow through the Barents and Kara Seas".
950:, which went farther north than most; in 1935 and 1936 the last unexplored areas in the northern Kara Sea were examined and the small and elusive
454:
2184:
2714:
1425:
136:
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showed that releases are low and localized from the 16 naval reactors (reported by the IAEA as having come from seven submarines and the
989:
1765:"Teleconnection between sea ice in the Barents Sea in June and the Silk Road, Pacific–Japan and East Asian rainfall patterns in August"
1017:
3603:
1315:
1247:
1060:
108:
892:, was trapped in the Kara Sea, and drifted northward for more than two years reaching latitude 83° 17' N. Thirteen men, headed by
535:. Bolshevik Island to Cape Yevgenov. Thence to Cape Pronchisthehev on the main land (see Russian chart No. 1484 of the year 1935).
191:
1944:"Recent Eurasian winter cooling partly caused by internal multidecadal variability amplified by Arctic sea ice-air interactions"
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1331:
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46:
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warships and submarines entered the Kara Sea to destroy as many Russian vessels as possible. This naval campaign was named "
2316:
1203:
1081:
744:, but he was stopped by ice and fog at the entrance to the Kara Sea. Not until 1580 did another English expedition, under
556:
1991:"Diverse Eurasian Winter Temperature Responses to Barents-Kara Sea Ice Anomalies of Different Magnitudes and Seasonality"
1716:"Regional response of winter snow cover over the Northern Eurasia to late autumn Arctic sea ice and associated mechanism"
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89:
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2501:
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2346:
835:
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61:
2151:
Mount, M.E., Sheaffer, M.K. and Abbott, D.T. (1994). "Kara Sea radionuclide inventory from naval reactor disposal".
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2707:
2611:
1188:
1021:
977:
803:
389:
35:
2516:
2275:
995:
936:, the last major piece of unsurveyed territory in the Soviet Arctic; the archipelago was completely mapped under
924:
528:
42:
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68:
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393:
2142:"Radioecological Hazard of Ship Nuclear Reactors Sunken in the Arctic", Atomic Energy, Vol.79, No. 3, 1995.
483:
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3206:
1804:"Possible Lagged Impact of the Arctic Sea Ice in Barents–Kara Seas on June Precipitation in Eastern China"
689:
75:
1027:) which were dumped at five sites in the Kara Sea. Most of the dumped reactors had suffered an accident.
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2727:
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under Captain A. Skuratov. After entering the little-explored Kara Sea, they sailed to the mouth of the
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2120:
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2002:
1955:
1908:
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1815:
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1680:
1667:
Mori, Masato; Kosaka, Yu; Watanabe, Masahiro; Nakamura, Hisashi; Kimoto, Masahide (14 January 2019).
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57:
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ground although the sea is ice-bound for all but two months of the year. The Kara Sea contains the
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2636:
2551:
2416:
2411:
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2069:
2020:
1971:
1924:
1874:
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1745:
1696:
1523:"Hydrographic structure and variability of the Kara Sea: Implications for pollutant distribution"
1405:
1372:
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839:
586:, with five large subgroups and over ninety islands. Other important islands in the Kara Sea are
516:
362:
350:
2241:
1599:"Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points – paper explainer"
1943:
1625:"A link between reduced Barents-Kara sea ice and cold winter extremes over northern continents"
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2010:
1963:
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1823:
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1714:
Xu, Bei; Chen, Haishan; Gao, Chujie; Zhou, Botao; Sun, Shanlei; Zhu, Siguang (1 July 2019).
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2166:"Lifting Russia's accident reactors from the Arctic seafloor will cost nearly €300 million"
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2321:
2220:
2185:"Russia announces enormous finds of radioactive waste and nuclear reactors in Arctic seas"
2040:"Influence and prediction value of Arctic sea ice for spring Eurasian extreme heat events"
1669:"A reconciled estimate of the influence of Arctic sea-ice loss on recent Eurasian cooling"
1198:
1085:
1073:
885:
851:
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706:
701:. One paper even identified a connection between Kara Sea ice extent and the ice cover of
576:
3133:
913:
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2006:
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Komsomolets Island from Cape Molotov to South Eastern Cape; thence to Cape Vorochilov,
235:
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904:) survived after a gruesome three-month ordeal. The survivors brought the ship log of
82:
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1975:
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1878:
1843:
Liu, Yong; Chen, Huopo; Wang, Huijun; Sun, Jianqi; Li, Hua; Qiu, Yubao (1 May 2019).
1788:
1763:
He, Shengping; Gao, Yongqi; Furevik, Tore; Wang, Huijun; Li, Fei (16 December 2017).
1749:
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1845:"Modulation of the Kara Sea Ice Variation on the Ice Freeze-Up Time in Lake Qinghai"
1700:
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1474:
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covered between September and May, and between May and August heavily influenced by
334:
archipelago. Ultimately the Kara, Barents and Laptev Seas are all extensions of the
3554:
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3299:
3251:
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572:
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417:
358:
335:
311:
177:
2214:
International Atomic Energy Agency:Radiological Conditions of the Western Kara Sea
2213:
1475:"Modeling the seasonal variability of hydrography and circulation in the Kara Sea"
449:
Main islands and island groups in the central and eastern regions of the Kara Sea.
972:
In October 2010, the Russian government awarded a license to Russian oil company
622:
Water circulation patterns in the Kara Sea are complex. The Kara Sea tends to be
3502:
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3454:
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3279:
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2875:
2845:
2835:
2812:
2782:
2656:
2331:
2326:
1920:
1897:"Nonlinear changes in cold spell and heat wave arising from Arctic sea-ice loss"
966:
842:
and three expeditions that had to cross the Kara Sea became trapped and failed:
819:
776:
698:
671:
651:
627:
607:
587:
477:
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319:
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24:
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2787:
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1828:
1803:
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811:
788:
745:
345:
The Kara Sea's northern limit is marked geographically by a line running from
327:
1869:
1844:
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485:
206:
193:
3434:
3404:
3329:
3309:
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663:
647:
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1394:
Karskoye more // Morya Sovetskoy Arktiki: Ocherki po istorii issledovaniya
163:
3507:
3497:
3464:
3419:
3389:
3384:
3284:
2797:
2015:
1990:
1652:
1502:
827:
796:
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659:
655:
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having until 26 September to discontinue its operations in the Kara Sea.
1398:
Kara Sea // Seas of the Soviet Arctic: Essays on the history of research
826:. The following July, the Vega was freed from the ice, and continued to
3256:
973:
753:
676:
623:
429:
385:
339:
2300:
764:
241:
1895:
Song, Mirong; Wang, Zhao-Yin; Zhu, Zhu; Liu, Ji-Ping (August 2021).
2038:
Sun, Jianqi; Liu, Sichang; Cohen, Judah; Yu, Shui (2 August 2022).
3528:
2723:
1890:
1888:
1050:
543:
444:
405:
630:
run-off (roughly 1200 km yr) from the Russian rivers (e.g.,
1307:
Arctic Ocean Sediments: Processes, Proxies, and Paleoenvironment
880:
with two sailors and three sledges, but he fell ill and died on
814:, along the coast of Siberia, and despite the ice packs, got to
2696:
2271:
1431:. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from
3533:
916:'s five air flights over the sea and ice from the NW coast of
650:). The Kara Sea is also affected by the water inflow from the
228:
18:
1233:
752:, attempt its passage. They too failed to penetrate it, and
1239:
1527:
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
1334:[Sanctions could end drilling in the Kara Sea].
1802:
Yang, Huidi; Rao, Jian; Chen, Haishan (25 April 2022).
1564:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
2256:"Russians Describe Extensive Dumping of Nuclear Waste"
1270:
1248:
1230:
670:, but it was cooled and mixed with freshwater in the
1236:
834:. The largest group of islands in the Kara Sea, the
818:
by early September. Frozen in for the winter in the
579:
are located in the open sea of its central regions.
3521:
3488:
3270:
3177:
2909:
2821:
2738:
1227:
943:Particularly worth noting are three cruises of the
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259:
251:
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183:
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125:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1623:Petoukhov, Vladimir; Semenov, Vladimir A. (2010).
822:, Nordenskiöld waited and bartered with the local
779:. The two ships in this early expedition were the
3629:Bodies of water of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
1989:Zhang, Ruonan; Screen, James A. (16 June 2021).
1400:] (in Russian). Leningrad. pp. 180–217.
896:, left the vessel and started across the ice to
582:The largest group in the Kara Sea is by far the
184:
614:at the extreme northern limit of the Kara Sea.
457:defines the limits of the Kara Sea as follows:
404:. In 2014, US government sanctions resulted in
2708:
2283:
2252:Web Archives (archived 30 September 2006)
1473:Harms, I. H.; Karcher, M. J. (15 June 1999).
606:. Despite the high latitude, all islands are
8:
1942:Dai, Aiguo; Deng, Jiechun (4 January 2022).
1332:"Sanksjoner kan avslutte boring i Karahavet"
2088:"Rosneft and Gazprom clinch Arctic acreage"
1597:Armstrong McKay, David (9 September 2022).
3624:Bodies of water of Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2715:
2701:
2693:
2290:
2276:
2268:
1410:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1377:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
978:East-Prinovozemelsky oil and gas structure
830:, Japan. He became the first to force the
531:to Cape Anuchin. Then to Cape Unslicht on
122:
2063:
2014:
1868:
1827:
1739:
1651:
1546:
1501:
361:(Arctic Cape), the northernmost point of
255:926,000 km (358,000 sq mi)
168:Map showing the location of the Kara Sea.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2306:Islands of the Kara Sea (Russian Arctic)
1426:"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"
1367:] (in Russian). Moscow. p. 191.
1107:are also registered as a sanctuary, the
690:Arctic sea ice decline § Barents Sea ice
1482:Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
1296:
1215:
876:. In February 1914 Sedov headed to the
455:International Hydrographic Organization
2232:Sea ice and polynias in the Kara Sea:
2044:Communications Earth & Environment
1403:
1370:
679:formation, the water currents change.
396:), containing significant undeveloped
3619:Bodies of water of Arkhangelsk Oblast
1279:
7:
2116:"BP and Rosneft in exploration pact"
1468:
1466:
1464:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3634:Bodies of water of Krasnoyarsk Krai
2124:. NHST Media Group. 14 January 2011
2096:. NHST Media Group. 15 October 2010
1901:Advances in Climate Change Research
990:Ocean disposal of radioactive waste
900:, but only Albanov and one sailor (
756:lost interest in searching for the
721:The Kara Sea was formerly known as
2240:Marine pollution in the Kara Sea:
1018:International Atomic Energy Agency
783:, under Malygin's command and the
14:
2183:Charles Digges (28 August 2012).
1340:(in Norwegian). 16 September 2014
1061:Great Arctic State Nature Reserve
872:the first summer and wintered in
3566:
3565:
3553:
2299:
1769:Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
1223:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1121:
932:carried groups of scientists to
810:sailed across the Kara Sea from
688:This section is an excerpt from
162:
143:
142:
135:
23:
16:Marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean
1632:Journal of Geophysical Research
1457:Arctic Glaciers; Ushakov Island
969:under fair weather conditions.
529:Oktiabrskaya Revolutziya Island
266:
258:
250:
34:needs additional citations for
1741:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.02.010
1361:Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira
957:In the summer of 1942, German
1:
2317:Arkticheskiy Institut Islands
1584:10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00125-5
1365:Geographic names of the world
1204:West Siberian petroleum basin
683:Connections to global weather
557:Arkticheskiy Institut Islands
172:
1995:Geophysical Research Letters
1548:10.1016/0967-0645(95)00046-1
1109:Russian Arctic National Park
1055:Hovercraft on Kara Sea shore
2337:Bolshoi Korsakovsky Islands
1921:10.1016/j.accre.2021.08.003
1281:[ˈkarskə(j)ɪˈmorʲɪ]
1271:
3650:
2934:American Mediterranean Sea
2065:10.1038/s43247-022-00503-9
1968:10.1007/s00382-021-06095-y
1808:Frontiers in Earth Science
987:
888:attempted to navigate the
802:In 1878, Finnish explorer
687:
666:water originates from the
390:East-Prinovozemelsky field
293:Practically all year round
3547:
2312:
2219:27 September 2006 at the
2187:. Bellona. Archived from
2153:J. Environ. Radioactivity
1829:10.3389/feart.2022.886192
1781:10.1007/s00376-017-7029-y
1693:10.1038/s41558-018-0379-3
1603:climatetippingpoints.info
1260:
996:radioactive contamination
511:) (Northern extremity of
384:and it is important as a
161:
130:
3604:Seas of the Arctic Ocean
2740:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
2502:Nordenskiöld Archipelago
2322:Belukha and Prodolgovaty
1870:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0636.1
1310:. Elsevier. p. 37.
1082:Arctic Institute Islands
1070:Sergei Kirov Archipelago
836:Nordenskiöld Archipelago
771:undertook a voyage from
584:Nordenskiöld Archipelago
263:131 m (430 ft)
2886:Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea
2447:Levinson-Lessing Island
1359:Pospelov, E.M. (1998).
1189:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
994:There is concern about
940:between 1930 and 1932.
804:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
394:West Siberian Oil Basin
3207:Great Australian Bight
1056:
552:
450:
416:It is named after the
2387:Izvestiy TSIK Islands
2382:Helland-Hansen Island
2246:Ecological assessment
1673:Nature Climate Change
1078:Izvestiy TSIK Islands
1054:
1032:Soviet submarine K-27
547:
464:The Eastern limit of
448:
392:(an extension of the
314:, separated from the
3054:Gulf of St. Lawrence
2567:Scott Hansen Islands
2191:on 23 September 2012
2170:The Barents Observer
2016:10.1029/2021GL092726
1954:(11–12): 3261–3277.
1720:Atmospheric Research
1653:10.1029/2009JD013568
1503:10.1029/1999JC900048
1392:Vize, V.Yu. (1939).
963:Operation Wunderland
740:to try to reach the
561:Izvesti Tsik Islands
420:river (flowing into
43:improve this article
3355:Gulf of Carpentaria
3149:Sea of the Hebrides
2778:King Haakon VII Sea
2432:Krusenstern Islands
2407:Kolomeytsev Islands
2250:Library of Congress
2056:2022ComEE...3..172S
2007:2021GeoRL..4892726Z
1960:2022ClDy...58.3261D
1913:2021ACCR...12..553S
1861:2019JCli...32.2553L
1820:2022FrEaS..10.6192Y
1732:2019AtmRe.222..100X
1685:2019NatCC...9..123M
1644:2010JGRD..11521111P
1576:2002DSRI...49.2281S
1539:1995DSRII..42.1369P
1494:1999JGR...10413431H
1488:(C6): 13431–13448.
976:for developing the
654:, which brings 0.6
495: /
376:Its main ports are
330:to the east by the
318:to the west by the
271:121,000 km (98
203: /
3350:Gulf of California
3247:Mozambique Channel
2891:Queen Victoria Sea
2753:Bellingshausen Sea
2667:Yarzhinsky Islands
2552:Rastorguyev Island
2517:October Revolution
2372:Graham Bell Island
2261:The New York Times
1849:Journal of Climate
1304:Stein, R. (2008).
1194:Northern Sea Route
1057:
925:Russian Revolution
840:Northern Sea Route
658:in August and 2.6
571:or Lonely Island,
553:
517:Komsomolets Island
451:
363:Komsomolets Island
351:Graham Bell Island
3581:
3580:
3560:Oceans portal
3109:Mediterranean Sea
3059:Gulf of Venezuela
2851:East Siberian Sea
2793:Riiser-Larsen Sea
2690:
2689:
2652:Vilkitsky Islands
2597:Sibiryakov Island
2572:Sedov Archipelago
2532:Pilota Makhotkina
2527:Pakhtusov Islands
2442:Ledyanyye Islands
2427:Krestovsky Island
1570:(12): 2281–2298.
1438:on 8 October 2011
1269:
1041:radioactive waste
1011:reactors and ten
1009:nuclear submarine
980:in the Kara Sea.
890:Northeast Passage
832:Northeast Passage
758:Northeast Passage
723:Oceanus Scythicus
662:in December. The
600:Kamennyye Islands
499:81.267°N 93.717°E
476:Cape Kohlsaat to
422:Baydaratskaya Bay
304:
303:
119:
118:
111:
93:
3641:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3557:
3490:Endorheic basins
3370:Gulf of Thailand
3222:Gulf of Khambhat
2717:
2710:
2703:
2694:
2647:Vilkitsky Island
2627:Tsivolko Islands
2577:Severnaya Zemlya
2482:Myachina Islands
2392:Kamennye Islands
2347:Dzhekman Islands
2304:
2303:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2227:Into the Ice Sea
2201:
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2018:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1948:Climate Dynamics
1939:
1933:
1932:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1855:(9): 2553–2568.
1840:
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1179:Valerian Albanov
1173:
1171:Geography portal
1168:
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1152:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1097:Franz Josef Land
1013:nuclear reactors
954:was discovered.
934:Severnaya Zemlya
930:Icebreaker Sedov
910:Vladimir Rusanov
902:Alexander Konrad
898:Franz Josef Land
894:Valerian Albanov
874:Franz Josef Land
618:Current patterns
533:Bolshevik Island
513:Severnaya Zemlya
510:
509:
507:
506:
505:
500:
496:
493:
492:
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488:
367:Severnaya Zemlya
355:Franz Josef Land
332:Severnaya Zemlya
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3640:
3639:
3638:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3552:
3543:
3517:
3484:
3460:South China Sea
3440:Seto Inland Sea
3360:Gulf of Fonseca
3266:
3173:
3024:Gulf of Finland
3019:Gulf of Bothnia
3004:English Channel
2974:Bay of Campeche
2939:Archipelago Sea
2905:
2861:Gulf of Boothia
2817:
2758:Cooperation Sea
2734:
2721:
2691:
2686:
2672:Yermolov Island
2612:Sverdrup Island
2467:Minina Skerries
2422:Krasnoflotskiye
2377:Heiberg Islands
2362:Firnley Islands
2357:Eastern Islands
2308:
2298:
2296:
2264:, 27 April 1993
2221:Wayback Machine
2210:
2205:
2204:
2194:
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2172:. 8 March 2020.
2164:
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2121:Upstream Online
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1199:Boris Vilkitsky
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1155:
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1120:
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1086:Svordrup Island
1074:Voronina Island
1049:
992:
986:
984:Nuclear dumping
886:Georgy Brusilov
750:Charles Jackman
734:Stephen Borough
719:
714:
713:
707:Tibetan Plateau
693:
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620:
577:Voronina Island
542:
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17:
12:
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3614:Seas of Russia
3611:
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3432:
3430:Sea of Okhotsk
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:Philippine Sea
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Gulf of Tonkin
3372:
3367:
3365:Gulf of Panama
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3345:Gulf of Anadyr
3342:
3340:Gulf of Alaska
3337:
3335:East China Sea
3332:
3327:
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3307:
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3204:
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3164:Tyrrhenian Sea
3161:
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3154:Sea of Marmara
3151:
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3141:
3136:
3131:
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3121:
3116:
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3096:
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3044:Gulf of Mexico
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Gulf of Guinea
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Bay of Bothnia
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
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2931:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2911:Atlantic Ocean
2907:
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2765:
2763:Cosmonauts Sea
2760:
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2744:
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2736:
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2722:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2705:
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2687:
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2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Vaygach Island
2639:
2634:
2632:Ushakov Island
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Severny Island
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2562:Schmidt Island
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2537:Pioneer Island
2534:
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2402:Kolchak Island
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2208:External links
2206:
2203:
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2135:
2107:
2079:
2030:
1981:
1934:
1907:(4): 553–562.
1884:
1835:
1794:
1755:
1706:
1679:(2): 123–129.
1659:
1615:
1589:
1554:
1517:Pavlov, V.K.;
1509:
1460:
1449:
1417:
1384:
1351:
1323:
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1146:
1143:Siberia portal
1132:
1116:
1113:
1101:Severny Island
1065:nature reserve
1048:
1047:Nature reserve
1045:
988:Main article:
985:
982:
952:Ushakov Island
938:Georgy Ushakov
824:Chukchi people
816:180° longitude
769:Stepan Malygin
736:sailed in the
718:
715:
694:
686:
684:
681:
619:
616:
612:Ushakov Island
550:structural map
541:
538:
537:
536:
521:
520:
504:81.267; 93.717
470:
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428:word meaning '
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3599:European seas
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3383:
3381:
3380:Halmahera Sea
3378:
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3368:
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3296:
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3272:Pacific Ocean
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Laccadive Sea
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:Gulf of Kutch
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Gulf of Aqaba
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:Bay of Bengal
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
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3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:Norwegian Sea
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Levantine Sea
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:Gulf of Sidra
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:Gulf of Maine
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:Greenland Sea
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Caribbean Sea
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:Bay of Biscay
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:Argentine Sea
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
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2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
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2879:
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2859:
2857:
2856:Greenland Sea
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Amundsen Gulf
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
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2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:D'Urville Sea
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
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2725:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:Yuzhny Island
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
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2660:
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2648:
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2640:
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2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:Tillo Islands
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Sorevnovaniya
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Shren Islands
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:Russky Island
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Novaya Zemlya
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Nansen Island
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:Litke Islands
2455:
2453:
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2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
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2413:
2410:
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2400:
2398:
2397:Kirov Islands
2395:
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2378:
2375:
2373:
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2352:Dikson Island
2350:
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1519:Pfirman, S.L.
1513:
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1317:9780080558851
1313:
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1272:Karskoye more
1267:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
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1187:
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1161:
1158:
1157:Russia portal
1147:
1144:
1133:
1130:
1129:Oceans portal
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:Novaya Zemlya
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:—the largest
1062:
1053:
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1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
1000:nuclear waste
997:
991:
983:
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964:
960:
955:
953:
949:
948:
941:
939:
935:
931:
926:
921:
919:
918:Novaya Zemlya
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Rudolf Island
879:
875:
871:
870:Novaya Zemlya
867:
863:
859:
858:
853:
849:
846:'s on vessel
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
793:Pechora River
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
763:In 1736–1737
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
727:Mare Glaciale
724:
716:
710:
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691:
682:
680:
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673:
669:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Taymyr Island
593:
592:Dikson Island
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:Kirov Islands
562:
558:
551:
546:
539:
534:
530:
526:
523:
522:
518:
514:
508:
479:
475:
474:On the North.
472:
471:
467:
463:
460:
459:
458:
456:
447:
440:
435:
433:
431:
430:hummocked ice
427:
423:
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411:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:Cape Kohlsaat
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:Novaya Zemlya
321:
317:
313:
309:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
270:
262:
260:Average depth
254:
246:
243:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
225:
221:
216:
188:
182:
179:
176:
165:
160:
138:
129:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3609:Seas of Asia
3570:
3551:
3425:Sea of Japan
3300:Bismarck Sea
3252:Persian Gulf
3237:Gulf of Suez
3232:Gulf of Oman
3212:Gulf of Aden
3179:Indian Ocean
3159:Thracian Sea
3144:Sea of Crete
3134:Sea of Åland
3129:Sargasso Sea
3104:Ligurian Sea
3089:Labrador Sea
3079:Irminger Sea
3034:Gulf of Lion
2989:Bothnian Sea
2979:Bay of Fundy
2954:Balearic Sea
2919:Adriatic Sea
2865:
2841:Beaufort Sea
2823:Arctic Ocean
2748:Amundsen Sea
2472:Mona Islands
2437:Labyrintovye
2305:
2259:
2226:
2225:J. Zeeberg.
2195:23 September
2193:. Retrieved
2189:the original
2178:
2169:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2047:
2043:
2033:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1904:
1900:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1635:
1631:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1602:
1592:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1530:
1526:
1512:
1485:
1481:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1433:the original
1420:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1335:
1326:
1306:
1299:
1261:Карское море
1218:
1184:List of seas
1103:in northern
1095:Nearby, the
1094:
1058:
1029:
1023:
1004:Soviet Union
993:
971:
967:Soviet fleet
959:Kriegsmarine
956:
946:
942:
922:
914:Jan Nagórski
905:
865:
856:
847:
807:
801:
784:
780:
773:Dolgy Island
762:
738:Searchthrift
737:
731:
726:
722:
720:
703:Lake Qinghai
695:
621:
604:Oleni Island
581:
573:Wiese Island
554:
525:On the East.
524:
478:Cape Molotov
473:
462:On the West.
461:
452:
415:
375:
371:
359:Cape Molotov
344:
336:Arctic Ocean
312:marginal sea
307:
305:
278:
268:Water volume
252:Surface area
178:Arctic Ocean
120:
105:
99:January 2012
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3503:Caspian Sea
3475:Visayan Sea
3455:Solomon Sea
3450:Sibuyan Sea
3445:Shantar Sea
3400:Molucca Sea
3395:Mar de Grau
3325:Chilean Sea
3320:Celebes Sea
3315:Camotes Sea
3280:Arafura Sea
3192:Arabian Sea
3187:Andaman Sea
3139:Sea of Azov
3114:Myrtoan Sea
2929:Alboran Sea
2881:Pechora Sea
2876:Lincoln Sea
2846:Chukchi Sea
2836:Barents Sea
2813:Weddell Sea
2783:Lazarev Sea
2657:Vize Island
2637:Uyedineniya
2607:Storozhevye
2542:Plavnikovye
2497:Neupokoyeva
2487:Nablyudeniy
2417:Komsomolets
2332:Bera Island
2327:Bely Island
2155:, 25, 1–19.
1726:: 100–113.
1442:28 December
1344:22 November
1036:criticality
1022:icebreaker
1002:the former
945:Icebreaker
820:Chukchi Sea
777:Barents Sea
699:South China
672:Barents Sea
652:Barents Sea
610:except for
608:unglaciated
588:Bely Island
502: /
466:Barents Sea
412:Name origin
402:natural gas
320:Kara Strait
316:Barents Sea
210: /
185:Coordinates
3588:Categories
3539:Superocean
3513:Salton Sea
3480:Yellow Sea
3470:Tasman Sea
3415:Salish Sea
3295:Bering Sea
3202:Flores Sea
3169:Wadden Sea
3099:Libyan Sea
3069:Ionian Sea
3064:Hudson Bay
3009:Foxe Basin
2999:Celtic Sea
2959:Baltic Sea
2949:Baffin Bay
2924:Aegean Sea
2896:Wandel Sea
2871:Laptev Sea
2803:Scotia Sea
2788:Mawson Sea
2547:Proklyatye
2412:Kolosovykh
2128:30 January
2100:30 January
2050:(1): 172.
1814:: 886192.
1291:References
1277:pronounced
1090:Uedineniya
923:After the
878:North Pole
864:'s on the
854:'s on the
812:Gothenburg
746:Arthur Pet
628:freshwater
569:Uedineniya
328:Laptev Sea
298:References
69:newspapers
58:"Kara Sea"
3435:Seram Sea
3405:Moro Gulf
3330:Coral Sea
3310:Bohol Sea
3305:Bohai Sea
3290:Banda Sea
3262:Timor Sea
3119:North Sea
3084:James Bay
3074:Irish Sea
2984:Black Sea
2901:White Sea
2808:Somov Sea
2768:Davis Sea
2587:Shokalsky
2367:Gavrilova
2074:251230011
2025:236235248
1976:245672460
1929:238716298
1879:133858619
1789:125312203
1775:: 52–64.
1750:126675127
1608:2 October
1406:cite book
1373:cite book
1266:romanized
548:Kara Sea
436:Geography
398:petroleum
378:Novy Port
338:north of
207:77°N 77°E
3594:Kara Sea
3572:Category
3508:Dead Sea
3498:Aral Sea
3465:Sulu Sea
3420:Savu Sea
3390:Koro Sea
3385:Java Sea
3285:Bali Sea
2866:Kara Sea
2798:Ross Sea
2682:Zveroboy
2662:Voronina
2462:Markgama
2217:Archived
1701:92214293
1521:(1995).
1115:See also
906:St. Anna
866:Gercules
857:St. Anna
852:Brusilov
848:St. Foka
828:Yokohama
806:on ship
797:Ob River
795:and the
789:Ob River
767:Admiral
742:Ob River
732:In 1556
668:Atlantic
664:advected
308:Kara Sea
174:Location
150:Kara Sea
126:Kara Sea
3257:Red Sea
2617:Taymyra
2477:Moristy
2248:at the
2235:&
2052:Bibcode
2003:Bibcode
1956:Bibcode
1909:Bibcode
1857:Bibcode
1816:Bibcode
1728:Bibcode
1681:Bibcode
1640:Bibcode
1572:Bibcode
1535:Bibcode
1490:Bibcode
1268::
1257:Russian
974:Rosneft
862:Rusanov
775:in the
765:Russian
754:England
717:History
705:on the
677:sea ice
640:Pyasina
636:Yenisei
624:sea ice
540:Islands
490:93°43′E
487:81°16′N
386:fishing
340:Siberia
83:scholar
3522:Others
2728:oceans
2522:Oleniy
2452:Lishny
2342:Bonevi
2072:
2023:
2001:(13).
1974:
1927:
1877:
1787:
1748:
1699:
1314:
1084:, the
1080:, the
1076:, the
1072:, the
860:, and
785:Vtoroy
781:Perviy
646:, and
598:, the
575:, and
563:, the
559:, the
441:Extent
426:Nenets
382:Dikson
290:Frozen
242:Russia
212:77; 77
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3529:Ocean
2724:Earth
2507:Nosok
2070:S2CID
2021:S2CID
1972:S2CID
1925:S2CID
1875:S2CID
1785:S2CID
1746:S2CID
1697:S2CID
1628:(PDF)
1478:(PDF)
1436:(PDF)
1429:(PDF)
1396:[
1363:[
1210:Notes
1024:Lenin
998:from
947:Sadko
844:Sedov
406:Exxon
357:, to
310:is a
236:Basin
90:JSTOR
76:books
2732:seas
2730:and
2197:2012
2130:2011
2102:2011
1610:2022
1444:2020
1412:link
1379:link
1346:2020
1312:ISBN
1250:KAHR
1099:and
1059:The
1030:The
808:Vega
748:and
602:and
453:The
418:Kara
400:and
380:and
322:and
306:The
224:Type
198:77°E
195:77°N
62:news
3534:Sea
2726:'s
2060:doi
2011:doi
1964:doi
1917:doi
1865:doi
1824:doi
1777:doi
1736:doi
1724:222
1689:doi
1648:doi
1636:115
1580:doi
1543:doi
1498:doi
1486:104
725:or
648:Taz
644:Pur
515:on
432:'.
365:in
349:in
229:Sea
45:by
3590::
2258:,
2168:.
2118:.
2090:.
2068:.
2058:.
2046:.
2042:.
2019:.
2009:.
1999:48
1997:.
1993:.
1970:.
1962:.
1952:58
1950:.
1946:.
1923:.
1915:.
1905:12
1903:.
1899:.
1887:^
1873:.
1863:.
1853:32
1851:.
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1783:.
1773:35
1771:.
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1601:.
1578:.
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1566:.
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2062::
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1911::
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39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
