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1258:, which was incorporated by Congress in 1867. The school is nonsectarian and is open to both sexes without regard to race. On November 20, 1866, Howard was among ten members of various socially-concerned groups of the time who met in Washington, D.C., to discuss plans for a theological seminary to train black ministers. Interest was sufficient, however, to create an educational institute for areas other than the ministry. The result was the Howard Normal and Theological Institute for the Education of Preachers and Teachers. On January 8, 1867, the board of trustees voted to change the name of the institution to Howard University. Howard served as president from 1869 to 1874. He was quoted as saying "he opposition to Negro education made itself felt everywhere in a combination not to allow the freed men any room or building in which a school might be taught. In 1865, 1866, and 1867, mobs of the baser classes at intervals and in all parts of the South occasionally burned school buildings and churches used as schools, flogged teachers or drove them away, and in a number of instances murdered them." He also founded
1008:. Shortly after the success at the Battle of Atlanta, Sherman (who favored granting command to a West Point graduate) appointed Howard to permanent command of the Army of the Tennessee. At the closing of his "After Action Report" filed by Major General John A. Logan on September 10, 1864, Logan referred to his having served as Commander of the Army of the Tennessee for a scant four days. Logan's detailed report ended with: "I withdrew the Army of the Tennessee the night of the 26th, and moved it along the rear of the center and right of the army to a position across Proctor's Creek. After putting the army in position that night I was relieved by Maj. Gen. Howard." Howard subsequently led the right wing of Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's famous
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1020:. Sherman, having favored Howard over Logan for permanent command of the Army of the Tennessee, recognized Logan's success at Atlanta. In recognition of the outstanding leadership Logan displayed at Atlanta, Sherman asked Howard to allow Logan to ceremonially lead the Army in the May 1865 Grand Review in Washington. Howard agreed when Sherman appealed to him as a Christian gentleman. Ultimately, by the war's end, Gen. Sherman would commend Howard as a corps commander of "the utmost skill, nicety and precision".
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851:, now commanding the Army of the Potomac, that his flank was "in the air", not anchored by a natural obstacle, such as a river, and that Confederate forces might be on the move in his direction. Howard failed to heed the warning and Jackson struck before dark, routing the XI Corps and causing a serious disruption to the Union plans.
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hindrance to whom he pleases. Being bound by no State law, and there being no other law to regulate the subject, he may make a criminal code of his own; and can make it as bloody as any in history ... Everything is a crime which he chooses to call so, and all persons are condemned who he pronounces to be guilty.
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The limited ideological framework of
General Howard and his aides encouraged their attempt at radical reconstruction of southern society without realizing the need for essential legislation. They thought that the elimination of all statutory inequalities—for instance, Black court testimony—would be
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with written orders to take command, but Howard insisted that he was the ranking general present. Eventually he relented. Controversy centers on three points: 1) Howard's choice of
Cemetery Hill as the key to defense; 2) the timing of Howard's mid-afternoon order to abandon positions north and west
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at the site of
General Howard's former residence in downtown Portland at the corner of SW 10th and Morrison. The month of June 2012 will be dedicated to Howard with a lecture and programs by the Oregon Civil War Sesquicentennial spotlighting General Howard's activities in Portland and at Fort
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The power thus given to the commanding officer over all the people ... is that of an absolute monarch ... He alone is permitted to determine the rights of persons and property ... It places at his free disposal all the lands and goods in his district, and he may distribute them without let or
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to the west, and this was a partial reason for
Doubleday's removal from command of the corps. However, this excuse was not accepted by history—the reverse was actually true—and the reputation of the XI Corps was ruined. Some argue that Howard should get some credit for the eventual success at
1171:. He was criticized by Chief Joseph as precipitating the war by trying to rush the Nez Perce to a smaller reservation, with no advance notice, no discussion, and no time to prepare. Joseph said, "If General Howard had given me plenty of time to gather up my stock and treated
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holds that Howard alone had wisely selected
Cemetery Hill, that the order to withdraw was probably a sound one, and that the conflict between Howard and Hancock might have been avoided had Meade himself gotten onto the field.
661:, the son of Rowland Bailey Howard and Eliza Otis Howard. His great-grandfather, Rogers Stinchfield and great-granduncle Thomas Stinchfield founded Leeds. Rowland, a farmer, died when Oliver was 9 years old. Oliver attended
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874:, the XI Corps, still chastened by its humiliation in May, arrived on the field in the afternoon of July 1, 1863. Poor positioning of the defensive line by one of Howard's subordinate division commanders, Brig. Gen.
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provided funds to help destitute former Union soldiers and to support worthy public causes. It contributed money and the design for the State Flag of Utah in 1920. An Army
Reserve Center was named after him in
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was built in 1878 upon
General Howard's order at a cost of $ 6,938.20 (~$ 192,366 in 2023). Completed in 1879, the building suffered a fire in 1986 and was left vacant until renovated by the
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836:, Howard suffered the first of two significant military setbacks. On May 2, 1863, his corps was on the right flank of the Union line, northwest of the crossroads of Chancellorsville.
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interview given the day after Howard retired from the Army on
November 8, 1894, at the age of 64, it was reported that he was traveling West to stay at his daughter's house in
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in
Congress. When the Radical Republicans gained power in 1867, they gave blacks the right to vote in the South and set up new elections, which the Republican coalition of
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and considered resigning from the Army to become a minister. His religious proclivities would later earn him the nickname "the
Christian general." Howard was promoted
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800:, who had lost his left arm, visited Howard and joked that they would be able to shop for gloves together. Howard recovered quickly enough to rejoin the army for the
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Weil, Gordon L. "The Good Man: The Civil War's "Christian General" and His Fight for Racial Equality". Harpswell, ME: Arthur McAllister Publishers, 2013.
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in July 1857, and returned to West Point the following September to become an instructor of mathematics. As the Civil War began with the surrender of
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in Burlington. At his death, Howard was the last surviving Union Army general to have held the permanent rank of a general in the regular U.S. Army.
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enough to assure protection. Southern states pretended to comply with this point in order to end the threat of the Freedmen's Bureau courts' system.
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devised an audacious plan in which Jackson's entire corps would march secretly around the Union flank and attack it. Howard was warned by Maj. Gen.
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in New York Harbor, encompassing the states east of the Mississippi River. He retired from the U.S. Army at that posting in 1894 with the rank of
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and once again the XI Corps collapsed, forcing it to retreat through the streets of Gettysburg, leaving many men behind to be taken prisoner. On
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Major General William T. Sherman, Commanding Military Division of the Mississippi, and his Generals, 1. Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard; 2. Maj. Gen.
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Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y., from its establishment in 1802 to 1890
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immigrants, many of whom spoke no English, the soldiers were resentful of their new leader and openly called for Sigel's reinstatement.
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in Washington, D.C., and serving as its president 1867–73; and aided in the charter of Howard University and Atlanta University (now
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President Johnson called Howard a fanatic. Reconstruction's opponents alleged that, in abusing both civil and military power, the
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in mid-1865, with the mission of integrating the former slaves into Southern society and politics during the second phase of the
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Led the 61st New York Infantry in a charge in which he was twice severely wounded in the right arm, necessitating amputation.
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Howard started circulating the story that his corps' failure had actually been triggered by the collapse of Maj. Gen.
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of town; and 3) Howard's reluctance to recognize that Hancock, his junior, had superseded him. Historian
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Carpenter, John A. "Sword and Olive Branch: Oliver Otis Howard." Bronx, NY, Fordham Univ. Press, 1999.
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John Cox and LaWanda Cox (November 1953). "General O. O. Howard and the 'Misrepresented Bureau'".
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Moore, Robert B. Reconstruction the promise and betrayal of democracy. New York, N.Y: CIBC, 1983.
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HOWARD, Maj Gen Oliver O Memorial at Gettysburg Nat'l Military Park in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
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James Oakes (March 1979). "A Failure of Vision: The Collapse of the Freedmen's Bureau Courts".
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became a centralized dictatorship. Howard described the extent of his enormous powers as:
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Thomson, David. "Oliver Otis Howard: Reassessing the Legacy of the 'Christian General'."
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is on display at Howard University. An equestrian statue is on East Cemetery Hill on the
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David Thomson, "Oliver Otis Howard: Reassessing the Legacy of the 'Christian General',"
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effective September 3, 1861, and given permanent command of his brigade. He then joined
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in 1998. The building serves as the headquarters of the Fort Vancouver National Trust.
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Cox, John, and LaWanda Cox. "General O. O. Howard and the 'Misrepresented Bureau'."
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Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
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in 1884 and he was subsequently promoted to the ranks of officer and commander.
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of the 3rd Maine Infantry regiment and temporarily commanded a brigade at the
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in 1879 all add up to a lengthy record, although he did not fight as much as
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reacted to the meaning of such unlimited scope of action against civilians:
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about who was in command of the defense. Hancock had been sent by Maj. Gen.
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Making Peace with Cochise: the 1872 Journal of Captain Joseph Alton Sladen.
2008:(Reprint ed.). New York, NY: Vintage/ Random House. pp. 207–208.
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2279:"Monument to Major General Oliver O. Howard on the Gettysburg battlefield"
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Making Peace with Cochise: the 1872 Journal of Captain Joseph Alton Sladen
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Thirteenth Biennial Report of the Secretary of State of the state of Utah
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from July 27, 1864 until May 19, 1865 leading the army in the battles of
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Gettysburg because he wisely stationed one of his divisions (Maj. Gen.
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From May 1865 to July 1874, General Howard was commissioner of the
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with fellow general Henry Slocum's XII Corps to become part of the
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Howard was the author of numerous books after the war, including:
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General Howard is also remembered for playing a role in founding
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on July 2 and participating at the margin of the defense against
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Generals in Bronze: Interviewing the Commanders of the Civil War
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on July 3. Also at Gettysburg, Howard's younger brother, Major
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Vancouver, Washington; and his post-war achievements at the
693:, graduating in 1854, fourth in his class of 46 cadets, as a
575:" because he tried to base his policy decisions on his deep,
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to the ranking officer on the field that day, Major General
2490:. Washington: Adjutant General's Office. 1900. p. 244.
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Vancouver Barracks and a Walk up Main Street, Vancouver Usa
2334:. Salt Lake City: Utah Secretary of State. 1920. p. 8.
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He wrote an account of the Civil War's Atlanta campaign in
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from 1886 to 1888. From 1888, his final command was of the
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as a man should be treated, there would have been no war."
2167:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 120–126.
1068:, and southerners who supported Reconstruction, nicknamed
521:, Howard lost his right arm while leading his men against
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General in the Civil War, Reconstruction, and Indian Wars
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Carpenter, John A. "General O. O. Howard at Gettysburg."
1987:
John A. Carpenter, "General O. O. Howard at Gettysburg,"
1861:
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L
625:. Utley (1987) concludes that his leadership against the
720:. It was in Florida that he experienced a conversion to
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Yankee Stepfather: General O.O. Howard and the Freedmen
2107:
Annual Report of the Secretary of War for the year 1869
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Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
1266:, in 1895, for the education of the "mountain whites."
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by Flavia W. Rutkosky and Robin Bodo, January 5, 2004.
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portrayed General Howard in the 1975 television film,
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in Wilmington, Delaware, is named in his honor, as is
533:. As a corps commander, he suffered a major defeat at
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Superintendents of the United States Military Academy
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Superintendents of the United States Military Academy
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Superintendents of the United States Military Academy
2408:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 202.
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territories in 1877, with the resultant surrender of
878:, was exploited by the Confederate corps of Lt. Gen.
30:"General Howard" redirects here. For other uses, see
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Johnson, Andrew, "Veto of First Reconstruction Act,"
1218:. The French government made him a chevalier of the
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American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
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2031:"The Capture of Fort McAllister, December 13, 1864"
1547:. Both of these films were written and directed by
529:in June 1862, an action which later earned him the
502:(November 8, 1830 – October 26, 1909) was a career
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4980:Burials at Lakeview Cemetery (Burlington, Vermont)
2763:Oliver Otis Howard and Lincoln Memorial University
2726:. Biography by Oregon Cultural Heritage Commission
796:in 1893 for his heroism at Fair Oaks.) Brig. Gen.
2576:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.
1482:My Life and Experiences among Our Hostile Indians
1427:, where he planned to start writing his memoirs.
992:. In July 1864, following the death of Maj. Gen.
886:, south of town, Howard quarreled with Maj. Gen.
4935:20th-century African-American military personnel
2746:. DC Memorials. November 2, 2007. Archived from
2386:Nebraska Association of County Officials website
2256:. Belle Grove Publishing Company. p. 309.
1818:
689:in 1850 at the age of 19. He then attended the
4970:American military personnel of the Indian Wars
1537:, who portrays Tom Jeffords. In the 1956 film
1464:Fighting For Humanity, or Camp and Quarterdeck
804:, in which he rose to division command in the
4703:
4218:
2890:
1104:Military commands and Native American affairs
8:
5035:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
2606:Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.
1402:Oregon Civil War Sesquicentennial Commission
1190:in 1881–1882. He served as commander of the
972:Howard and XI Corps were transferred to the
812:in November 1862 and assumed command of the
2835:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
2207:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1866:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
609:After 1874, Howard commanded troops in the
4710:
4696:
4688:
4225:
4211:
4203:
3990:
2897:
2883:
2875:
2591:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968.
2546:Cimbala, Paul A. "Oliver Otis Howard." In
2506:, Wife Of Union General Oliver Otis Howard
820:. Since the corps was composed largely of
140:
4925:19th-century American non-fiction writers
4900:People of Maine in the American Civil War
2109:(Government printing office), pp. 499,504
1400:, a commemorative wreath was laid by the
1364:Howard School of Academics and Technology
1339:The Oliver O. Howard Relief Corps of the
1123:, who served as his aide, was ordered to
816:the following April, replacing Maj. Gen.
708:, and was the temporary commander of the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2701:Claim to Fame: Medal of Honor recipients
2623:, Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998.
1999:
1997:
1910:Robert M. Utley, "Oliver Otis Howard,"
1588:
1470:Henry in the War: Or the Model Volunteer
858:
2641:Utley, Robert M. "Oliver Otis Howard."
2487:Official Army Register for January 1900
2470:. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Boston:
2186:
2184:
1890:
1702:3 September (accepted 5 September) 1861
1119:In 1872, Howard, accompanied by 1st Lt
537:and his performance was of question at
4131:September 25, 1863 – January 21, 1864
2770:"Oliver Otis Howard Papers, 1833–1912"
1298:on October 26, 1909, and is buried at
1032:Howard in Military Uniform in 1893 at
225:Lakeview Cemetery, Burlington, Vermont
5040:United States Military Academy alumni
2686:"Lincoln's Monument in the Mountains"
2374:National Historic Landmark Nomination
1514:(New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1881)
1383:Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
1348:, and is still used today by several
1132:
7:
4014:January 26, 1863 – February 5, 1863
2676:Works by or about Oliver Otis Howard
1935:Oliver Otis Howard, In the Beginning
1569:, he was portrayed in voiceovers by
1324:A bust of Howard designed by artist
784:On June 1, 1862, while commanding a
65:adding citations to reliable sources
4164:February 25, 1864 – April 10, 1864
2636:American Nineteenth Century History
1899:American Nineteenth Century History
1274:General Howard was a member of the
4920:19th-century American male writers
4098:July 1, 1863 – September 25, 1863
2785:Army of Georgia Historical Society
2565:19, no. 3 (November 1953): 427–56.
1135:) He was placed in command of the
579:piety, he was given charge of the
25:
4965:American male non-fiction writers
1204:Military Division of the Atlantic
1127:to negotiate a peace treaty with
27:American army general (1830–1909)
4915:19th-century American historians
2805:The New Student's Reference Work
2789:
2509:
1845:
1831:
1758:19 March (accepted 2 April) 1886
1748:
1730:
1710:
1690:
1668:
1648:
1626:
1356:Howard High School of Technology
1236:General Oliver Otis Howard House
1196:Military Division of the Pacific
517:. As a brigade commander in the
489:
278:
151:
41:
5045:University and college founders
5020:Presidents of Howard University
4990:Knights of the Legion of Honour
4720:Presidents of Howard University
4042:April 10, 1864 – July 27, 1864
2740:"Howard Memorial at Gettysburg"
2645:62, no. 1 (Winter 1987): 55–63.
1959:Kent's Hill Notables, Rootsweb.
1914:62, no. 1 (Winter 1987): 55–63.
527:Battle of Fair Oaks/Seven Pines
52:needs additional citations for
32:General Howard (disambiguation)
2820:New International Encyclopedia
2638:, 10 (September 2009), 273–98.
2355:. October 26, 2015. p. 27
1112:Oliver Otis Howard during the
928:, served as his aide-de-camp.
700:of ordnance. He served at the
691:United States Military Academy
338:United States Military Academy
1:
5005:North Yarmouth Academy alumni
4070:April 2, 1863 – July 1, 1863
2006:Gettysburg: The Last Invasion
1808:In the citation for Howard's
1366:, in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
1310:
845:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
745:
744:Maj. Gen. Oliver Otis Howard
2643:New Mexico Historical Review
2035:Georgia Historical Quarterly
1912:New Mexico Historical Review
1901:10 (September 2009), 273–98.
1640:15 February 1855 (permanent)
1560:I Will Fight No More Forever
996:, temporary command of the
629:in 1872, Nez Perce in 1877,
4985:Freedmen's Bureau personnel
2667:Works by Oliver Otis Howard
2563:Journal of Southern History
2252:Styple, William B. (2005).
2201:"Howard, Oliver Otis"
2062:Journal of Southern History
2029:Strong, William E. (2004).
1415:Lincoln Memorial University
1260:Lincoln Memorial University
1238:, located on the campus of
828:Failure at Chancellorsville
480:Lincoln Memorial University
305:2nd Brigade, 2nd Division,
299:1st Brigade, 1st Division,
296:3rd Maine Infantry regiment
5066:
2620:The Generals of Gettysburg
2464:Cullum, George W. (1891).
2163:Sweeney, Edward R (2008).
1812:– issued June 1, 1862, at
1573:and is the protagonist of
1417:and the Indian Wars. In a
1341:Grand Army of the Republic
1284:Grand Army of the Republic
1248:National Historic Landmark
1194:from 1882 to 1886 and the
1137:Department of the Columbia
834:Battle of Chancellorsville
657:Oliver Howard was born in
558:Sherman's March to the Sea
399:Sherman's March to the Sea
379:Battle of Chancellorsville
29:
4960:American male biographers
4940:20th-century evangelicals
4930:19th-century evangelicals
4727:
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3993:
2692:, June 1905 (with photos)
2433:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
2004:Guelzo, Allen C. (2014).
1991:, September 1963, 261–76.
1853:American Civil War portal
1276:Society of the Cincinnati
1178:Subsequently, Howard was
1147:, where he fought in the
150:
5010:People from Leeds, Maine
2210:. New York: D. Appleton.
1946:August 29, 2008, at the
1786:Civil War Campaign Medal
1504:Count Agénor de Gasparin
1192:Department of the Platte
1002:William Tecumseh Sherman
865:Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
760:First Battle of Bull Run
722:evangelical Christianity
604:Clark Atlanta University
364:First Battle of Bull Run
2865:Encyclopædia Britannica
2850:The American Cyclopædia
2574:Civil War High Commands
1804:Medal of Honor citation
1370:is named in his honor.
1360:Howard County, Nebraska
986:Battles for Chattanooga
4975:Bowdoin College alumni
4159:Army of the Cumberland
4126:Army of the Cumberland
4104:Army of the Cumberland
2868:(11th ed.). 1911.
2404:Rydjord, John (1972).
2283:www.stonesentinels.com
1822:
1543:, he was portrayed by
1529:, Howard is played by
1330:Gettysburg Battlefield
1316:
1294:Oliver Howard died in
1251:
1200:Department of the East
1139:in 1874, went west to
1116:
1097:
1085:
1039:
1036:
1000:was given by order of
978:Army of the Cumberland
969:
867:
863:Monument to Howard in
751:
671:North Yarmouth Academy
554:Battle of Jonesborough
4955:American evangelicals
2794:Texts on Wikisource:
2772:. library.bowdoin.edu
2568:Eicher, John H., and
2429:Bafus, Wanda (2006).
2391:July 4, 2008, at the
2142:10.1353/cwh.1979.0001
1969:Cimbala, pp. 1008–10.
1791:Indian Campaign Medal
1336:is named for Howard.
1308:
1233:
1184:U.S. Military Academy
1111:
1092:
1081:
1031:
998:Army of the Tennessee
939:
862:
808:. He was promoted to
762:. He was promoted to
754:Howard was appointed
743:
685:, and graduated from
594:Howard's allies, the
546:Army of the Tennessee
541:in May and July 1863.
369:Battle of Seven Pines
328:Army of the Tennessee
267:Years of service
172:The Christian General
5015:Philadelphia Brigade
2720:"Oliver Otis Howard"
2697:"Oliver Otis Howard"
2587:McFeely, William S.
2518:at Wikimedia Commons
2304:"Howard Hall Howard"
1879:Charles Henry Howard
1638:1 July 1854 (brevet)
1440:Donald's School Days
1264:Harrogate, Tennessee
1141:Washington Territory
966:Francis P. Blair Jr.
926:Charles Henry Howard
914:Adolph von Steinwehr
872:Battle of Gettysburg
389:Chattanooga Campaign
384:Battle of Gettysburg
76:"Oliver Otis Howard"
61:improve this article
5030:Union Army generals
4114:Army of the Potomac
2860:Howard, Oliver Otis
2845:Howard, Oliver Otis
2830:Howard, Oliver Otis
2815:Howard, Oliver Otis
2800:Howard, Oliver Otis
2602:Sweeney, Edward R.
2474:. pp. 576–577.
2224:. Howard University
1875:(2007, documentary)
1590:
1575:William T. Vollmann
1458:Isabella of Castile
1398:Battle of Fair Oaks
1296:Burlington, Vermont
1058:Radical Republicans
958:Henry Warner Slocum
888:Winfield S. Hancock
775:Army of the Potomac
771:George B. McClellan
596:Radical Republicans
519:Army of the Potomac
478:Managing Director,
213:Burlington, Vermont
5050:Writers from Maine
3602:military personnel
2906:Gettysburg figures
2750:on October 8, 2007
2684:Howard, Oliver O.
2406:Kansas Place-Names
2346:"HQIIS USAR Sites"
2095:Cincinnati Gazette
1781:Thanks of Congress
1589:
1511:Agénor de Gasparin
1375:O. O. Howard House
1317:
1252:
1173:Too-hool-hool-suit
1117:
1050:Reconstruction era
1037:
994:James B. McPherson
970:
954:Jefferson C. Davis
950:William T. Sherman
868:
802:Battle of Antietam
779:Peninsula Campaign
752:
702:Watervliet Arsenal
585:Reconstruction Era
562:Carolinas campaign
504:United States Army
500:Oliver Otis Howard
434:Thanks of Congress
404:Carolinas Campaign
374:Battle of Antietam
253:United States Army
157:Howard during the
145:Oliver Otis Howard
4995:Maine Republicans
4945:American amputees
4887:
4886:
4685:
4684:
4201:
4200:
4192:Succeeded by
4167:Succeeded by
4153:Commander of the
4134:Succeeded by
4120:Commander of the
4101:Succeeded by
4092:Commander of the
4073:Succeeded by
4064:Commander of the
4045:Succeeded by
4036:Commander of the
4017:Succeeded by
4008:Commander of the
3994:Military offices
3988:
3987:
2690:National Magazine
2671:Project Gutenberg
2654:978-1-935496-06-9
2597:978-0-300-00315-4
2532:. September 1963.
2530:Civil War History
2514:Media related to
2310:. Bowdoin College
2263:978-1-883926-18-2
2174:978-0-8061-2973-0
2130:Civil War History
2097:, August 23, 1967
1989:Civil War History
1932:Warner, p. 237;
1765:
1764:
1737:Brigadier General
1698:Brigadier General
1634:Second Lieutenant
1523:In the 1950 film
1411:Howard University
1407:Freedmen's Bureau
1387:City of Vancouver
1350:U.S. Army Reserve
1332:. A dormitory at
1300:Lakeview Cemetery
1256:Howard University
1246:, was declared a
1240:Howard University
1226:Howard University
1125:Arizona Territory
1046:Freedmen's Bureau
1040:Freedmen's Bureau
1034:Governor's Island
968:(possibly cut in)
897:John A. Carpenter
876:Francis C. Barlow
764:brigadier general
698:second lieutenant
679:Kents Hill School
637:in 1878, and the
600:Howard University
581:Freedmen's Bureau
573:Christian General
497:
496:
476:Howard University
333:Freedmen's Bureau
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2680:Internet Archive
2516:Oliver O. Howard
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2504:Elizabeth Howard
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2472:Houghton Mifflin
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1839:Biography portal
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1740:21 December 1864
1734:
1722:29 November 1862
1714:
1694:
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1656:First Lieutenant
1652:
1630:
1616:1 September 1850
1591:
1545:Carl Benton Reid
1519:In popular media
1501:Théodore Borel,
1491:Century Magazine
1446:Nez Perce Joseph
1425:Portland, Oregon
1394:Portland, Oregon
1315:
1312:
1290:Death and burial
1244:Washington, D.C.
1212:Governors Island
1121:Joseph A. Sladen
1010:March to the Sea
946:William B. Hazen
922:Pickett's Charge
880:Richard S. Ewell
750:
749: 1862-1864
747:
726:first lieutenant
710:Kennebec Arsenal
663:Monmouth Academy
535:Chancellorsville
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2222:"Brief History"
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1797:Legion of Honor
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1579:The Dying Grass
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1497:He translated:
1494:for July 1887.
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1220:Legion of Honor
1151:, particularly
1106:
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974:Western Theater
964:; 8. Maj. Gen.
962:Joseph A. Mower
960:; 7. Maj. Gen.
956:; 6. Maj. Gen.
952:; 5. Maj. Gen.
948:; 4. Maj. Gen.
944:; 3. Maj. Gen.
934:
932:Western theater
905:Abner Doubleday
892:George G. Meade
857:
830:
788:brigade in the
748:
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687:Bowdoin College
655:
615:famous campaign
613:, conducting a
566:Western Theater
471:Other work
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457:Bowdoin College
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4692:
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4682:
4680:
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4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4198:
4195:Wesley Merritt
4193:
4190:
4181:
4178:John Schofield
4176:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4150:
4145:
4141:
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4117:
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4061:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4033:
4030:Gordon Granger
4028:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3986:
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3726:
3721:
3716:
3714:Lyon Fremantle
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:T. Chamberlain
3671:
3666:
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3656:
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3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
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3616:
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3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3496:Schimmelfennig
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
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3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
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3383:
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3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3311:J. Chamberlain
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
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3207:
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2887:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2855:
2840:
2825:
2810:
2787:
2782:
2766:
2760:
2736:
2716:
2693:
2682:
2673:
2662:
2661:External links
2659:
2658:
2657:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2615:
2600:
2585:
2566:
2559:
2544:
2541:978-0823219889
2533:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2507:
2499:
2498:External links
2496:
2494:
2493:
2477:
2456:
2446:
2439:
2421:
2414:
2396:
2378:
2366:
2337:
2321:
2295:
2277:Hawks, Steve.
2269:
2262:
2244:
2235:
2213:
2180:
2173:
2155:
2120:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2068:(4): 427–456.
2052:
2021:
2015:978-0307740694
2014:
1993:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1951:
1925:
1916:
1903:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1826:
1823:
1810:Medal of Honor
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1776:Medal of Honor
1771:
1768:
1763:
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1759:
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1614:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1586:
1583:
1555:James Whitmore
1540:The Last Wagon
1531:Basil Ruysdael
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1509:Life of Count
1486:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1452:General Taylor
1449:
1443:
1432:
1431:Selected works
1429:
1420:New York Times
1368:Howard, Kansas
1326:James E. Kelly
1321:
1318:
1291:
1288:
1271:
1268:
1227:
1224:
1180:superintendent
1145:Fort Vancouver
1105:
1102:
1088:Andrew Johnson
1054:Andrew Johnson
1041:
1038:
1025:
1024:Postwar career
1022:
933:
930:
856:
853:
829:
826:
794:Medal of Honor
737:
734:
714:Augusta, Maine
706:Troy, New York
654:
651:
621:tribe, led by
589:Andrew Johnson
571:Known as the "
531:Medal of Honor
525:forces at the
506:officer and a
495:
494:
487:
483:
482:
472:
468:
467:
465:
464:
459:
453:
451:
445:
444:
442:
441:
439:Medal of Honor
436:
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418:
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407:
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391:
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371:
366:
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320:
315:
311:2nd Division,
309:
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264:
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261:
260:
255:
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229:
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223:
221:
217:
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210:(aged 78)
204:
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184:
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148:
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135:
134:
49:
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40:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
5000:Nez Perce War
4998:
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4330:
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4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4309:
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4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4228:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4179:
4173:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4115:
4109:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4087:
4081:
4077:
4068:
4067:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4040:
4039:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4003:
4002:John Sedgwick
3997:
3992:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
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3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
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3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
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3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
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3700:
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3690:
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3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:Other notable
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:Brockenbrough
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2629:1-882810-30-9
2626:
2622:
2621:
2617:Tagg, Larry.
2616:
2613:
2612:0-8061-2973-5
2609:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2582:0-8047-3641-3
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2556:0-393-04758-X
2553:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2440:0-615-19528-8
2436:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2415:0-8061-0994-7
2411:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2359:September 28,
2354:
2353:usar.army.mil
2347:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2192:Wilson, J. G.
2187:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1998:
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1923:Tagg, p. 121.
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1761:Regular Army
1760:
1757:
1755:Major General
1754:
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1743:Regular Army
1742:
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1718:Major General
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1663:Regular Army
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1643:Regular Army
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1585:Dates of rank
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1476:Autobiography
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1379:Officer's Row
1377:, located on
1376:
1371:
1369:
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1351:
1347:
1346:Auburn, Maine
1342:
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1217:
1216:major general
1213:
1209:
1208:Fort Columbus
1205:
1201:
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1185:
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1174:
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1162:
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1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
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1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1114:Nez Perce War
1110:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:carpetbaggers
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1016:and then the
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:John A. Logan
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:Braxton Bragg
987:
983:
979:
975:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:John A. Logan
938:
931:
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927:
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919:
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910:
906:
901:
898:
893:
889:
885:
884:Cemetery Hill
881:
877:
873:
866:
861:
854:
852:
850:
849:Joseph Hooker
846:
843:
839:
838:Robert E. Lee
835:
827:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:major general
807:
803:
799:
798:Philip Kearny
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
742:
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:Seminole Wars
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
652:
650:
648:
644:
643:George Custer
640:
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628:
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620:
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416:Nez Perce War
414:
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354:Seminole Wars
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324:
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288:
285:
284:Major General
281:
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265:
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109:
106:
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99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4871:(2013– 2023)
4748:
4564:Westmoreland
4515:Eichelberger
4388:
4183:
4152:
4119:
4091:
4063:
4035:
4007:
3431:KrzyĹĽanowski
3410:
3243:
2922:
2863:
2848:
2833:
2818:
2803:
2774:. Retrieved
2752:. Retrieved
2748:the original
2743:
2728:. Retrieved
2723:
2708:. Retrieved
2705:Find a Grave
2700:
2689:
2642:
2635:
2619:
2603:
2588:
2573:
2562:
2547:
2529:
2486:
2480:
2466:
2459:
2449:
2430:
2424:
2405:
2399:
2381:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2352:
2340:
2330:
2324:
2314:December 20,
2312:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2288:December 20,
2286:. Retrieved
2282:
2272:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2216:
2205:
2164:
2158:
2136:(1): 66–76.
2133:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2045:February 15,
2043:. Retrieved
2041:(3): 406–421
2038:
2034:
2024:
2005:
1988:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1954:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1893:
1870:
1819:
1807:
1766:
1620:Regular Army
1578:
1564:
1558:
1553:
1549:Delmer Daves
1538:
1526:Broken Arrow
1524:
1522:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1434:
1418:
1391:
1372:
1354:
1338:
1323:
1293:
1273:
1253:
1177:
1169:Chief Joseph
1118:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1043:
971:
902:
869:
831:
783:
753:
659:Leeds, Maine
656:
647:Nelson Miles
623:Chief Joseph
617:against the
608:
593:
572:
570:
499:
498:
347:Battles/wars
208:(1909-10-26)
196:Leeds, Maine
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
18:O. O. Howard
4910:1909 deaths
4905:1830 births
4863:(2008–2013)
4855:(1995–2008)
4847:(1994–1995)
4839:(1990–1994)
4831:(1969–1989)
4823:(1960–1969)
4815:(1926–1960)
4807:(1918–1926)
4799:(1912–1918)
4791:(1906–1912)
4783:(1903–1906)
4775:(1890–1903)
4767:(1877–1889)
4759:(1875–1876)
4751:(1869–1874)
4743:(1867–1869)
4147:Carl Schurz
4137:Carl Schurz
4086:Carl Schurz
4076:Carl Schurz
4058:Carl Schurz
2940:G. Anderson
2935:R. Anderson
2914:Confederate
2754:November 6,
2730:November 6,
2710:November 6,
2228:January 19,
1795:Commander,
1725:Volunteers
1705:Volunteers
1680:4 June 1861
1660:1 July 1857
1612:Cadet, USMA
1608:No insignia
1571:Eli Wallach
1381:within the
1314: 1908
1270:Memberships
1149:Indian Wars
918:Jubal Early
818:Franz Sigel
730:Fort Sumter
653:Early years
639:Sheepeaters
606:) in 1867.
577:evangelical
550:Ezra Church
523:Confederate
474:President,
411:Indian Wars
166:Nickname(s)
117:August 2011
4894:Categories
4741:Sunderland
4606:Goodpaster
4333:Beauregard
4189:1881–1882
3965:McConaughy
3924:Wainwright
3859:Muhlenberg
3824:McCandless
3466:Pleasonton
3426:Kilpatrick
3356:Farnsworth
3185:G. Steuart
3100:Longstreet
2523:References
1937:, Bowdoin
1684:Volunteers
1603:Component
1188:West Point
1012:, through
855:Gettysburg
560:, and the
539:Gettysburg
462:West Point
449:Alma mater
258:Union Army
232:Allegiance
189:1830-11-08
87:newspapers
4869:Frederick
4789:Thirkield
4648:Hagenbeck
4634:Christman
4466:MacArthur
4382:Schofield
4340:Delafield
4326:Delafield
4305:Brewerton
4298:Delafield
4277:Partridge
4255:Wadsworth
3970:McPherson
3945:Broadhead
3919:Trobriand
3834:McFarland
3829:McDougall
3556:Wadsworth
3531:Steinwehr
3416:Humphreys
3351:Doubleday
3301:Carpenter
3210:R. Walker
3205:J. Walker
3160:Robertson
3135:Pettigrew
3035:Humphreys
2970:Chambliss
2955:Barksdale
2950:Armistead
2930:Alexander
2196:Fiske, J.
2150:145241431
1881:(brother)
1814:Fair Oaks
1577:'s novel
1533:opposite
1157:Nez Perce
1070:scalawags
1018:Carolinas
982:Tennessee
790:Fair Oaks
768:Maj. Gen.
736:Civil War
683:Readfield
619:Nez Perce
515:Civil War
486:Signature
359:Civil War
270:1854–1894
159:Civil War
4669:Williams
4592:Knowlton
4557:Davidson
4508:Benedict
4445:Townsley
4291:De Russy
4263:Williams
4257:(acting)
4248:Williams
4155:XI Corps
4122:XI Corps
4094:XI Corps
4066:XI Corps
4038:IV Corps
4010:II Corps
3839:McIntosh
3789:Jeffords
3784:Humiston
3764:Harrison
3709:Enderlin
3586:Williams
3521:Stannard
3506:Sedgwick
3481:Robinson
3471:Reynolds
3441:Meredith
3346:Crawford
3291:Caldwell
3110:Marshall
3065:W. Jones
3060:J. Jones
2389:Archived
1944:Archived
1941:website.
1825:See also
1799:(France)
1594:Insignia
1581:(2015).
1566:The West
1362:and the
1282:and the
1250:in 1974.
1062:freedmen
842:Lt. Gen.
814:XI Corps
806:II Corps
777:for the
675:Yarmouth
667:Monmouth
631:Bannocks
323:IV Corps
318:XI Corps
313:II Corps
307:II Corps
301:II Corps
290:Commands
244:Service/
4879:(2023–)
4853:Swygert
4837:Jenifer
4813:Johnson
4733:Boynton
4676:Gilland
4655:Huntoon
4578:Bennett
4571:Lampert
4480:Stewart
4459:Tillman
4396:Merritt
4368:Pitcher
4319:Barnard
3960:McClean
3889:Salomon
3864:O'Rorke
3854:Morrill
3849:Melcher
3814:Latimer
3774:Hazlett
3769:Haskell
3729:Garrard
3694:Dearing
3679:Colvill
3664:Carroll
3659:Burling
3654:Burgwyn
3581:Willard
3551:Vincent
3511:Sickles
3446:Merritt
3436:Lincoln
3391:Hancock
3331:Cushing
3316:Claflin
3237:leaders
3220:Wofford
3200:Trimble
3155:Ramseur
3145:Pickett
3075:Kershaw
3055:Johnson
3050:Jenkins
3045:Iverson
3040:Imboden
3010:Hampton
3000:Garnett
2960:Benning
2916:leaders
2853:. 1879.
2838:. 1892.
2823:. 1905.
2808:. 1914.
2678:at the
2082:2955086
1676:Colonel
1352:units.
1309:Howard
1182:of the
1165:Montana
1153:against
1129:Cochise
1014:Georgia
909:I Corps
870:At the
832:At the
756:colonel
635:Paiutes
627:Apaches
564:in the
513:in the
511:general
101:scholar
4877:Vinson
4861:Ribeau
4845:Ladner
4821:Nabrit
4805:Durkee
4797:Newman
4781:Gordon
4773:Rankin
4765:Patton
4749:Howard
4735:(1867)
4662:Caslen
4641:Lennox
4627:Graves
4620:Palmer
4585:Koster
4543:Irving
4529:Taylor
4501:Connor
4487:Winans
4473:Sladen
4452:Biddle
4410:Wilson
4389:Howard
4361:Cullum
4347:Bowman
4284:Thayer
3914:Taylor
3899:Sorrel
3884:Poague
3879:Perrin
3874:Pegram
3869:Pardee
3779:Howell
3749:Grimes
3734:Godwin
3724:Gamble
3689:Coster
3669:Carter
3639:Brooke
3634:Biddle
3629:Berdan
3566:Warren
3541:Tilton
3516:Slocum
3501:Schurz
3486:Rowley
3451:Newton
3411:Howard
3406:Hooker
3396:Harrow
3381:Greene
3376:Graham
3366:Gibbon
3341:Cutler
3336:Custer
3326:Curtin
3286:Buford
3281:Birney
3276:Biddle
3271:Baxter
3266:Barnes
3261:Barlow
3225:Wright
3215:Wilcox
3195:Thomas
3175:Semmes
3170:Scales
3140:Perrin
3130:Pender
3120:O'Neal
3115:McLaws
3105:Mahone
3095:W. Lee
3090:F. Lee
3070:Kemper
3005:Gordon
2975:Daniel
2945:Archer
2776:May 5,
2652:
2627:
2610:
2595:
2580:
2554:
2539:
2437:
2412:
2260:
2171:
2148:
2080:
2012:
1939:Orient
1770:Awards
1484:(1907)
1478:(1907)
1472:(1899)
1466:(1898)
1460:(1894)
1454:(1892)
1448:(1881)
1442:(1878)
1320:Legacy
1278:, the
1077:Bureau
822:German
695:brevet
427:Awards
246:branch
215:, U.S.
198:, U.S.
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4829:Cheek
4757:Smith
4613:Scott
4599:Berry
4550:Bryan
4536:Moore
4522:Wilby
4494:Smith
4438:Barry
4431:Scott
4424:Mills
4417:Ernst
4403:Parke
4375:Ruger
4354:Tower
4270:Swift
3980:Wills
3955:Burns
3950:Bryan
3909:Stone
3904:Spear
3894:Smith
3819:Lewis
3804:Keogh
3799:Kelly
3794:Jones
3744:Gregg
3739:Goree
3704:Ellis
3699:Devin
3684:Corby
3649:Bryan
3644:Brown
3619:Baker
3614:Avery
3609:Alger
3546:Tyler
3536:Sykes
3526:Starr
3491:Ruger
3456:Nolan
3386:Gregg
3371:Gilsa
3361:Geary
3321:Cross
3296:Candy
3256:Ayres
3245:Meade
3235:Union
3180:Smith
3165:Rodes
3150:Posey
3125:Oates
2995:Ewell
2990:Early
2985:Doles
2980:Davis
2765:(PDF)
2349:(PDF)
2146:S2CID
2078:JSTOR
1886:Notes
1206:) at
1161:Idaho
1133:below
786:Union
704:near
508:Union
237:Union
108:JSTOR
94:books
4169:none
3975:Wade
3929:Ward
3844:Mayo
3809:Lang
3759:Hall
3754:Gwyn
3624:Belo
3591:Zook
3576:Webb
3571:Weed
3561:Ward
3476:Rice
3461:Paul
3421:Hunt
3401:Hays
3306:Carr
3251:Ames
3080:Lane
3030:Hood
3025:Hill
3020:Heth
3015:Hays
2778:2014
2756:2007
2732:2007
2712:2007
2650:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2608:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2578:ISBN
2552:ISBN
2537:ISBN
2435:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2361:2016
2316:2014
2290:2014
2258:ISBN
2230:2008
2169:ISBN
2047:2018
2010:ISBN
1600:Date
1597:Rank
1413:and
1373:The
1234:The
1163:and
1155:the
840:and
633:and
611:West
275:Rank
203:Died
183:Born
80:news
4312:Lee
3719:Fry
3085:Law
2924:Lee
2862:".
2847:".
2832:".
2817:".
2802:".
2669:at
2138:doi
2070:doi
1392:In
1262:in
1242:in
1210:on
1186:at
1159:in
1143:'s
980:in
907:'s
773:'s
712:in
681:in
673:in
665:in
645:or
63:by
4896::
4161:)
4128:)
2742:.
2722:.
2703:.
2699:.
2688:.
2572:.
2351:.
2306:.
2281:.
2204:.
2194:;
2183:^
2144:.
2134:25
2132:.
2076:.
2066:19
2064:.
2039:88
2037:.
2033:.
1996:^
1551:.
1507:,
1409:,
1311:c.
1286:.
781:.
746:c.
677:,
669:,
649:.
591:.
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552:,
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4697:v
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4212:v
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2828:"
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2780:.
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2363:.
2318:.
2292:.
2266:.
2232:.
2177:.
2152:.
2140::
2084:.
2072::
2049:.
2018:.
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239:)
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