383:, a journal for Communist party members dedicated to strengthening organizational and ideological capacity of communist cadres. Between October 1945 and the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, he has written instructional articles on topics such as: how to build and manage local party organizations; how to gain support on the countryside and among youth; how to lead pre-election campaign and how to understand planned agricultural reform. After February 1948 he advised on screening party members and "cleaning" the party from reactionary elements and warned against radical "bolshevization" of the party.
270:
333:, a daughter of wealthy Czech industrial family. They narrowly escaped detention multiple times. In 1945 Hromádko worked for Czech broadcasting of French national radio in Paris. At the end of the war, Ota and Věra married in Paris under fake documents – even their witnesses‘ documents were fake. In summer 1945, the husbands were awarded military awards for their role in the resistance.
31:
348:), where he utilized his management skills and experience in building conspiracy networks. Since October 1947, he was responsible for maintaining cooperation with communist infiltrators to the National Socialist party. In December 1947, Hromádko became the head of a newly created secret department, officially called Department of
223:). In 1930 he was arrested and imprisoned as a leader of a group of students that painted anti-war slogans (his anti-militarism can be traced back to loss of his father and to the influence of his mother and grandfather Kadleček) on a church in Německý Brod. He was subsequently excluded from the
252:
He spent long periods of the 1930s in hiding, as he was wanted by
Czechoslovak police and courts for numerous crimes, mostly involving illegal distribution of communist press. Between 1930 and 1936, he was imprisoned or detained ten times in eight different prisons in Czechoslovakia and once in
425:
Despite three years of harsh interrogations, Hromádko never admitted his guilt over the crimes that he has been accused of. This has brought him complications form the interrogation teams and prison supervisors who interpreted it as “bad behavior.“ As a result of
190:
Hromádko spent almost 10 years of his life in prisons, labour camps and detention camps under different regimes and in different countries. Later, in 1982, he published a book of memoirs focused mostly on his prison experience and disillusionment from revolutions.
490:
Central
Military Archive, personal folder of Ota Hromadko; Personal Archive of Jirina Novakova, letter from Hromadko to Rude Pravo in reaction to an article about Spanish Volunteer A. Neuer; London, Artur. Doznání. Praha: Československý spisovatel, 1990; 101 and
277:
After the outbreak of the
Spanish Civil War, he volunteered to fight in the International Brigades. He served as a political commisaire in the 129th International Brigade, battalion Masaryk, between 1937 and 1939. He fought at the fronts in
183:. In the early 1950s he fell victim to communist purges and was sentenced to 12 years of prison. Served over five years in prisons and labor camps in uranium mines. In 1956, he was released and later fully rehabilitated. After the
509:
Personal
Archive of Jirina Novakova, Hromadko's work book ("Pracovní knížka"); Bouček, Jaroslav. “Čs. interbrigadisté jako zdroj politických elit po roce 1945.” Politické elity v Československu 1918-1948, sv.20 (1994):
317:), from 1943 military officer in the same organization. Since 1943 he was one of four staff officers who coordinated military activities of international groups in non-occupied France that were incorporated into the
302:. In both camps he was the head of illegal organization of Czechoslovak communists. In October 1939 he was transported together with other „Komintern agents“ to the concentration camp
207:, to forester Otto Hromádko and his wife Marie Hromádková. When his father died in 1914 in World War I, the family (mother, grandparents and Otakar with 3 siblings) moved to town
836:
831:
341:
In July 1945, Otakar and Věra moved to
Czechoslovakia. They had two children, both born in Prague: Jiřina (born 31 December 1945) and Hana (21 February 1947 – 7 March 2007).
861:
856:
344:
After the return, Hromádko joined the
International and Organizational Departments of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (
846:
364:) and creating "left" fractions within them that would weaken them or break them apart. Department of National Front was officially part of Information bureau (
139:
Although he grew up a strong anti-militarist, he ended up having a significant military career and was awarded military decorations by four countries: France (
841:
216:
866:
184:
200:
54:
357:
148:
361:
176:
329:, he was in command of 1,200-strong group of non-French militias in Paris region. During his stay in Paris, Hromádko fell in love with
172:
394:
In
February 1951, Hromádko was arrested and tried in a secret constructed trial of army officers together with Antonín Svoboda and
737:
Das verhängnisvolle Bündnis. Unterwanderung, Gleichschaltung und
Vernichtung der tschechoslowakischen Sozialdemokratie 1944-1954
349:
179:. His military career culminated in the late 1940s when he became the general secretary of all communist organizations in the
386:
In 1949 he was mobilized into
Czechoslovak army and became the general secretary of all communist organizations in the army.
318:
309:
On June 2, 1941, he managed to escape from Nazi transport to
Germany. He immediately joined the French resistance in
851:
236:
398:. He was accused of treason, espionage and sabotage. For three years between arrest and trial, he was held in
790:
Nekvasil, Miloš. "Témoignage sur la résistance tchécoslovaque en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale"
152:
208:
356:). This department was responsible for gathering intelligence about non-communist parties (especially the
156:
291:
171:. After World War II he returned to Czechoslovakia and took part in strengthening the dominance of the
826:
821:
439:
Hromádko, Ota. "La révolution mange ses enfants. Soit! Mais common et pourquoi? (Manuscript, 1972)".
373:
299:
595:
528:
Funkcionář: October, December 45, June, October, November 46, March, July, November 47, September 48
395:
500:
Military Historical Archive (Vojenský historický archiv), Hromadko's declaration from 26 April 1947
369:
227:. In the following years, he focused fully on communist activity. He was the Regional Secretary of
619:
608:
224:
58:
372:, with Hromádko as his deputy), but in reality it was managed directly by the General Secretary
698:
407:
180:
164:
160:
147:), Yugoslavia (Order of National Merit) and Czechoslovakia (several decorations including the
582:
Rudé Právo; Zpráva o výsledcích revize politických procesů z období let 1949–1954; 22.08.1963
411:
144:
600:
241:
672:
Filip, Ota. "Wofür kämpften wir? Der Prager Altrevolutionär rechnet mit dem Stalinismus".
427:
140:
62:
406:
prisons. In April 1954 he was convicted to 12 years of prison. He spent the term in the
330:
295:
125:
113:
95:
430:
in Czechoslovakia, Hromádko was released 30 April 1956 and later fully rehabilitated.
269:
815:
783:
Mayer, Francoise. "Bartoškova analýza represe na základě fenoménu politického vězně"
231:
and Regional Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in electoral regions
765:
753:
732:
720:
708:
609:
My jsme rozhodnuti zneškodnit každého, nikoho se nebojíme. Proces s Josefem Pavlem.
258:
168:
128:
journalist and army officer. Although he spent first half of his life fighting for
656:
Bouček, Jaroslav. "Čs. interbrigadisté jako zdroj politických elit po roce 1945".
245:, the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and of journal
133:
419:
415:
399:
313:. Since 1941 was a member of Czechoslovak Central National Committee in France (
303:
279:
84:
30:
287:
232:
129:
403:
462:
Hromádko, Ota. "Ještě poznámky k historii čs. dobrovolníků ve Španělsku"
187:
in 1968 he emigrated to Switzerland. Died in Yverdon-les-Bains in 1983.
455:
Hromádko, Ota. "K historii československých dobrovolníků ve Španělsku"
254:
204:
80:
804:
Pavel, Josef. "K historii československých dobrovolníků ve Španělsku"
620:
Já ti dám komunistickou spravedlnost; Dokumenty k případu Josefa Pavla
704:, Praha : Archiv bezpečnostních složek et al. 6 (2009): 263–275.
596:
Zpráva o výsledcích revize politických procesů z období let 1949–1954
283:
310:
268:
298:, he was interned in French internment camps in St. Cyprien and
132:
ideals later became a victim of communist purges and a political
212:
519:
Kaplan, Karel. Pět kapitol o únoru. Brno: Doplněk, 1997:32-38
379:
Hromádko was also an editor, and briefly editor-in-chief of
286:, Levante and as the rear-guard during the retreat from
175:
in the years leading to, and immediately following, the
746:
Komunistický režim a politické procesy v Československu
449:
Jak se kalila voda: výbor z kriminálních příběhů a úvah
682:
Eastern Europe 1945-1969. From Stalinism to stagnation
624:
Paměť a dějiny. Revue pro studium totalitních režimů
613:
Paměť a dějiny. Revue pro studium totalitních režimů
797:Pavlíček, Václav. "Únor a československá revoluce"
666:
Las Brigadas Internacionales de la Guerra de Espana
537:
Funkcionář:December 45, July, November 46, March 47
469:Hromádko, Ota. "Čechoslováci v bojích o Španělsko"
109:
101:
91:
69:
40:
21:
650:Une déstalinisation manquée. Tchécoslovaquie 1956
315:Československý ústřední národní výbor pro Francii
273:Hromadko's false ID during World War II in France
441:Zurich, Schweizerisches Sozialarchiv, 335/350a-2
390:The trial with "group of army generals" and jail
713:Report on the murder of the general secretary
8:
837:Czechoslovak people of the Spanish Civil War
641:Zpráva o putování v komunistických archivech
776:Marek, Karel. "V zájmu historické pravdy"
658:Politické elity v Československu 1918-1948
29:
18:
862:Recipients of the Order of the White Lion
857:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross
792:Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps
715:. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
217:Young Communist League of Czechoslovakia
16:Czechoslovak journalist and army officer
483:
124:(30 August 1909 – 14 April 1983) was a
744:Kaplan, Karel; Paleček, Pavel (2008).
185:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
847:Czechoslovak emigrants to Switzerland
702:Sborník Archivu bezpečnostních složek
211:. In 1928 he started studying law in
151:and highest order of Czechoslovakia,
7:
760:. Prague: Československý spisovatel.
684:. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
668:. Barcelona: Esplugues de Llobregat.
199:Hromádko was born 30 August 1909 in
832:People from Havlíčkův Brod District
748:. Brno: Barrister & Principal.
265:Spanish Civil War and World War II
35:Otakar Hromádko in Yverdon in 1982
14:
618:Bárta, Milan; Kalous, Jan. 1999.
564:Funkcionář:September, November 48
173:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
842:International Brigades personnel
699:Vzestupy a pády Leopolda Hofmana
325:). Gaining a rank of Captain of
155:). He fought as a volunteer in
867:Gurs internment camp survivors
1:
473:, 10 April 1946, p. 231.
319:French Forces of the Interior
177:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
145:War Order of Virtuti Militari
239:. He was also the editor of
799:Právník (sborník, rok 1968)
652:. Paris: Éditions Complexe.
466:, 6/1967, pp. 917–921.
459:, 3/1966, pp. 376–389.
165:French anti-Nazi resistance
883:
664:Castells, Andreu (1974).
28:
739:. Wuppertal: Pol-Verlag.
660:, sv.20 (1994): 147–181.
639:Bartošek, Karel (2000).
630:Bartošek, Karel (2001).
573:Funkcionář: September 48
358:National Socialist party
337:Return to Czechoslovakia
105:Journalist, army officer
806:Příspěvky k dějinám KSČ
787:, VIII (2001): 427–432.
778:Příspěvky k dějinám KSČ
648:Blaive, Muriel (2005).
464:Příspěvky k dějinám KSČ
457:Příspěvky k dějinám KSČ
362:Social Democratic party
153:Order of the White Lion
770:Španělsko, Španělsko..
693:. Prague: Naše Vojsko.
555:Funkcionář:November 46
447:Hromádko, Ota (1982).
274:
157:International Brigades
149:Czechoslovak War Cross
294:. After crossing the
272:
689:Frei, Bruno (1961).
680:Fowkes, Ben (2000).
354:Odbor Národní fronty
235:, Prague-venkov and
725:Pět kapitol o únoru
366:Informační oddělení
808:, 4/1967: 583–609.
546:Funkcionář:June 46
275:
225:university in Brno
794:, 31/1993: 47–56.
643:. Prague: Paseka.
634:. Prague: Paseka.
181:Czechoslovak Army
161:Spanish Civil War
119:
118:
874:
852:Czech communists
773:
761:
749:
740:
728:
727:. Brno: Doplněk.
716:
694:
685:
669:
653:
644:
635:
626:, 4,2012: 51–65.
604:, 22.08.1963: 2.
583:
580:
574:
571:
565:
562:
556:
553:
547:
544:
538:
535:
529:
526:
520:
517:
511:
507:
501:
498:
492:
488:
452:
412:Leopoldov Prison
370:Bedřich Geminder
237:České Budějovice
76:
50:
48:
33:
19:
882:
881:
877:
876:
875:
873:
872:
871:
812:
811:
764:
752:
743:
731:
719:
707:
688:
679:
663:
647:
638:
629:
615:, 4,2012: 9-22.
592:
587:
586:
581:
577:
572:
568:
563:
559:
554:
550:
545:
541:
536:
532:
527:
523:
518:
514:
508:
504:
499:
495:
489:
485:
480:
446:
436:
428:destalinization
422:uranium mines.
392:
339:
267:
197:
141:Croix de Guerre
122:Otakar Hromádko
87:
78:
74:
65:
63:Austria-Hungary
52:
51:August 30, 1909
46:
44:
36:
24:
23:Otakar Hromádko
17:
12:
11:
5:
880:
878:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
814:
813:
810:
809:
802:
795:
788:
785:Soudobé dějiny
781:
774:
772:. Prague: NPL.
762:
750:
741:
729:
717:
705:
695:
691:Muži z Vernetu
686:
677:
676:, 30.07. 1982.
670:
661:
654:
645:
636:
627:
616:
607:Bárta, Milan.
605:
591:
588:
585:
584:
575:
566:
557:
548:
539:
530:
521:
512:
502:
493:
482:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
467:
460:
453:
451:. Koln: Index.
444:
435:
432:
408:Pankrác Prison
396:Bedřich Kopold
391:
388:
374:Rudolf Slánský
350:National Front
338:
335:
266:
263:
196:
193:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
79:
77:(aged 73)
73:April 14, 1983
71:
67:
66:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
879:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
789:
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:London, Artur
763:
759:
755:
754:London, Artur
751:
747:
742:
738:
734:
733:Kaplan, Karel
730:
726:
722:
721:Kaplan, Karel
718:
714:
710:
709:Kaplan, Karel
706:
703:
700:
697:Kalous, Jan.
696:
692:
687:
683:
678:
675:
671:
667:
662:
659:
655:
651:
646:
642:
637:
633:
628:
625:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
603:
602:
597:
594:
593:
589:
579:
576:
570:
567:
561:
558:
552:
549:
543:
540:
534:
531:
525:
522:
516:
513:
506:
503:
497:
494:
487:
484:
477:
472:
468:
465:
461:
458:
454:
450:
445:
442:
438:
437:
433:
431:
429:
423:
421:
418:"Rovnost" by
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
389:
387:
384:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
271:
264:
262:
260:
256:
250:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
194:
192:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
115:
112:
108:
104:
102:Occupation(s)
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
769:
757:
745:
736:
724:
712:
701:
690:
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
640:
631:
623:
612:
599:
578:
569:
560:
551:
542:
533:
524:
515:
505:
496:
486:
470:
463:
456:
448:
440:
424:
393:
385:
380:
378:
368:– headed by
365:
353:
345:
343:
340:
326:
322:
314:
308:
276:
251:
246:
240:
228:
220:
215:and entered
209:Německý Brod
198:
189:
169:World War II
138:
126:Czechoslovak
121:
120:
75:(1983-04-14)
827:1983 deaths
822:1909 births
632:Český vězeň
416:labour camp
331:Věra Waldes
280:Extramadura
143:), Poland (
114:Věra Waldes
92:Nationality
85:Switzerland
816:Categories
801:, 363–368.
601:Rudé Právo
590:References
381:Funkcionář
242:Rudé právo
195:Early life
47:1909-08-30
780:, 3/1967.
288:Catalonia
233:Pardubice
130:communist
768:(1963).
756:(1990).
735:(1984).
723:(1997).
711:(1990).
674:Die Zeit
420:Jáchymov
400:Koloděje
296:Pyrénées
229:Komsomol
221:Komsomol
758:Doznání
259:Germany
255:Dresden
247:Jednota
205:Bohemia
167:during
81:Yverdon
59:Bohemia
471:Tvorba
404:Ruzyně
346:ÚV KSČ
304:Vernet
292:France
284:Aragon
134:émigré
110:Spouse
478:Notes
434:Works
311:Paris
96:Czech
491:158;
414:and
402:and
360:and
300:Gurs
213:Brno
201:Kněž
163:and
70:Died
55:Kněž
41:Born
510:171
327:FFI
323:FFI
290:to
159:in
818::
622:.
611:.
598:.
410:,
376:.
306:.
282:,
261:.
257:,
249:.
203:,
136:.
83:,
61:,
57:,
443:.
352:(
321:(
219:(
49:)
45:(
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