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The trunk hosts the internal organs of the organism, divided into seventy to a hundred annulations of varying spacing, depending on curvature and contraction. The posterior displays a series of hooks, which likely acted as anchors during burrowing. Muscles support the animal and retract the bursa and
460:
have been interpreted as teeth used to capture prey. Its mode of life is uncertain, but it is thought to have been an active burrower, moving through the sediment after prey, and is believed to have lived within a U-shaped burrow that it constructed in the substrate. From that place of relative
953:
Shan, Longlong; Harvey, Thomas H.P.; Yan, Kui; Li, Jun; Zhang, Yuandong; Servais, Thomas (2023). "Palynological recovery of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFS) indicates that the late
Cambrian acritarch Goniomorpha Yin 1986 represents the teeth of a priapulid worm".
377:
sclerite morphologies. Sclerites comprise a broad, flat basal pad and a thickened, usually triangular arch. Denticles arise from the lateral margins of the arch; distal extension of the arch gives rise to a prong. An oblique spur arises from the basal
410:. At the base of the pharynx, separated from the teeth by an unarmed region, sits a ring of spines. Behind this, at the front of the trunk, lies a series of hooks and spines, arranged in a quincunx pattern like the five dots on a
350:, attached to the trunk of the animal, proceeded by the "bursa" at the posterior. The organism's body is bilaterally symmetrical, however, its anterior displays external radial symmetry. Like some other modern invertebrates, a
488:
placed it in danger of being carried away and/or buried by any underwater mud avalanche from the cliff top. This may explain why it remains one of the more abundant specimens of the
Burgess Shale fauna.
358:
proboscis. A gut leading from the anus in the bursa to the mouth in the proboscis runs through the trunk's spacious body cavity, and a concentration of gut muscles serve the function of a
997:
Xiang Fang, Yingyan Mao, Qi Liu, Wenwei Yuan, Zhongyang Chen, Rongchang Wu, Lixia Li, Yuchen Zhang, Junye Ma, Wenhui Wang, Renbin Zhan, Shanchi Peng, Yuandong Zhang, Diying Huang (2022).
522:
teeth, however, have a much broader distribution, and are found throughout the
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Indeed, putative candidates (initially described under the ICBN as
342:
specimens are on average 8 centimeters in length. Both length and width show variation with contraction; shorter specimens often being wider than longer ones. The characteristic
511:
has also been reported from Middle
Cambrian deposits in Utah and Spain, Nevada, and various other localities. Nevertheless, these reports are insecure, and the only verifiable
497:
At least 1000 Burgess Shale specimens are known in the UNSM collections alone, in addition to the ROM collections and hundreds of specimens elsewhere. 677 specimens of
1038:
1281:
1186:
484:
Because of its bottom-living habit and the location of the
Burgess Shale site at the foot of a high limestone reef, one may presume the relative immobility of
642:
Smith MR, Harvey THP, Butterfield NJ(2015) Data from: The macro- and microfossil record of the middle
Cambrian priapulid Ottoia. Dryad Digital Repository.
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1173:
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was a burrower that hunted prey with its eversible proboscis. It also appears to have scavenged on dead organisms such as the arthropod
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contained urogenital organs in its trunk. There is no evidence of a respiratory organ, though the bursa may have served this purpose.
312:
1358:
554:
702:
1373:
1353:
817:
Caron, Jean-Bernard; Jackson, Donald A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the
Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale".
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bears an armature of teeth and hooks. The detailed morphology of these elements distinguishes the two described species,
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869:
161:
530:, or at least similar priapulans, into the Ordovician. One poorly preserved specimen that probably belongs to
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1383:
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1294:
1199:
1032:
743:
473:
472:(a shelled animal similar to mollusks), generally swallowed them head-first. They also show evidence of
1246:
659:
Budd, G. E.; Jensen, S. (2000). "A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla".
538:
382:
1312:
782:
Bruton, D. L. (2001). "A death assemblage of priapulid worms from the Middle
Cambrian Burgess Shale".
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748:(Priapulida) from the Burgess Shale: Implications for the Reconstruction of Cambrian Food Chains"
684:
362:. A nerve chord runs down the organism's length. In addition to the other organs, it is possible
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safety, it could extend its proboscis in search of prey. Gut contents show that this worm was a
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fossils. Although priapulid-like worms from various
Cambrian deposits are often referred to
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619:
1023:
672:
117:
1342:
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Lieberman, B. S. (2003). "A New Soft-Bodied Fauna: the Pioche
Formation of Nevada".
854:
688:
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761:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: The Burgess Shale Consortium (published 31 July 2009).
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1136:
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315:, from the mid- to late- Cambrian. A few fossil finds are also known from China.
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1145:
50:
17:
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838:
703:"Miaobanpo section (Orytocephalus indicus zone) - Kaili Fm (Cambrian of China)"
426:
1091:
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870:"Middle Cambrian priapulids and other soft-bodied fossils from Utah and Spain"
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196:
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999:"The Liexi fauna: a new Lagerstätte from the Lower Ordovician of South China"
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753:. In Smith, Martin R.; O'Brien, Lorna J.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (eds.).
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183:
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147:, illustrating annulation and the eversible proboscis. From Smith
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International Conference on the Cambrian Explosion (Walcott 2009)
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597:"The macro- and microfossil record of the Cambrian priapulid
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10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0674:ANSFTP>2.0.CO;2
595:
Smith, M. R.; Harvey, T. H. P.; Butterfield, N. J. (2015).
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Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
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from the Hooper Virtual Paleontological Museum (HVPM)
1079:(A priapulid worm) from the Smithsonian Institution.
936:Supplementary Information used to be available in:
1215:
1120:
723:Conway Morris, S (1977). "Fossil priapulid worms".
515:macrofossils herald from the Burgess Shale itself.
877:University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions
1067:. Virtual Museum of Canada. 2011. Archived from
354:restricts the size of and protects the animal.
505:, where they comprise 1.29% of the community.
8:
1037:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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868:Conway Morris, S.; Robison, R. A. (1986).
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476:, which is common in priapulids today.
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7:
1326:F5EEB486-25FE-437A-A682-D141C3CE1AF7
1313:9340851F-DE40-78BE-7D06-B7499C0CC7F1
307:. Microfossils extend the record of
288:on spurious grounds, the only clear
1003:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
673:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00046.x
25:
434:burrowing in substrate, nearby a
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346:of priapulids is present at the
313:Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
160:
27:Extinct genus of priapulid worms
725:Special Papers in Palaeontology
555:Paleobiota of the Burgess Shale
456:The spines on the proboscis of
518:Microfossils corresponding to
1:
1379:Fossil taxa described in 1911
1369:Miaolingian first appearances
1349:Prehistoric protostome genera
976:10.1080/01916122.2022.2157504
742:Vannier, Jean (August 2009).
1065:Burgess Shale Fossil Gallery
501:are known from the Greater
292:macrofossils come from the
1405:
1389:Cambrian genus extinctions
839:10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R
526:) may extend the range of
942:10.13140/RG.2.1.3052.4328
804:10.1080/00241160152418456
398:The everted proboscis of
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157:Scientific classification
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534:, was discovered in the
465:, often feasting on the
143:The anterior portion of
904:Journal of Paleontology
305: million years ago
1359:Cambrian invertebrates
1015:10.1098/rspb.2022.1027
441:
395:
379:
373:Schematic diagrams of
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300:, which was deposited
1374:Furongian extinctions
1354:Burgess Shale fossils
1295:Paleobiology Database
1200:Paleobiology Database
744:"The Gut Contents of
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327:Holotype specimen of
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250:Walcott, 1911 (type)
43:Miaolingian–Furongian
430:A reconstruction of
1102:Paleontology portal
968:2023Paly...4757504S
831:2006Palai..21..451C
796:2001Letha..34..163B
648:10.5061/dryad.km109
620:2015Palgy..58..705S
629:10.1111/pala.12168
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125:Reconstruction of
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1114:Taxon identifiers
768:978-0-9812885-1-2
539:Madaoyu Formation
329:Ottoia tricuspida
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280:worm known from
278:archaeopriapulid
276:is a stem-group
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1071:on 2020-11-12.
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1050:External links
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1241:Wikispecies
1146:Wikispecies
524:Goniomorpha
474:cannibalism
1364:Priapulida
1343:Categories
956:Palynology
561:References
319:Morphology
191:Stem group
1137:Q20672214
984:254711455
924:0022-3360
889:1808/3696
545:, China.
467:hyolithid
386:Teeth of
344:proboscis
210:Ottoiidae
180:Kingdom:
174:Eukaryota
151:. (2015)
1287:11331475
1232:Q1953019
1226:Wikidata
1131:Wikidata
883:: 1–22.
855:53646959
847:20173022
689:39772232
681:10881389
549:See also
463:predator
450:Sidneyia
348:anterior
282:Cambrian
239:Species
203:Family:
184:Animalia
170:Domain:
1321:ZooBank
1274:4578804
1261:9081668
1192:1204701
1179:4578803
1166:5003663
1024:9277276
964:Bibcode
827:Bibcode
819:PALAIOS
792:Bibcode
784:Lethaia
616:Bibcode
422:Ecology
378:region.
360:gizzard
352:cuticle
262:, 2015
220:Genus:
1300:304647
1152:Ottoia
1122:Ottoia
1021:
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513:Ottoia
509:Ottoia
499:Ottoia
486:Ottoia
458:Ottoia
445:Ottoia
432:Ottoia
412:domino
400:Ottoia
394:. 2015
375:Ottoia
364:Ottoia
340:Ottoia
335:. 2015
309:Ottoia
290:Ottoia
286:Ottoia
273:Ottoia
260:et al.
258:Smith
228:Ottoia
145:Ottoia
36:Ottoia
1308:Plazi
1282:IRMNG
1187:IRMNG
980:S2CID
962:(3).
873:(PDF)
851:S2CID
843:JSTOR
751:(PDF)
685:S2CID
604:(PDF)
543:Hunan
392:et al
333:et al
149:et al
1269:GBIF
1205:7008
1174:GBIF
1039:link
920:ISSN
763:ISBN
707:PBDB
677:PMID
416:dice
406:and
51:PreꞒ
1256:EoL
1161:EoL
1019:PMC
1011:doi
1007:289
972:doi
938:doi
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