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264:. It guaranteed that they would have the western one third of the state of the Colorado. The Utes agreed that they would allow roads and military forts to be built on the land. As an encouragement to take up farming, they were given sheep, cattle, and $ 10,000 in goods and provisions over ten years. The government generally did not provide the goods, provisions, or livestock mentioned in the treaty, and since game was scarce many Ute continued to hunt on ancestral Ute lands until they were removed to reservations in 1880 and 1881.
20:
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292:, with Kit Carson were among a delegation to negotiate a treaty that would result in the creation of a reservation for the Ute, served by an Indian Agencies at White River and near Montrose with a school, blacksmith shop, sawmill, and warehouse. They lost a little land in the treaty, but Ouray hoped that having a government presence would mean that their lands would be protected. The treaty was signed by 47 Ute chiefs.
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273:
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77:, Ouray learned to speak many languages that helped him in the negotiations, which were complicated by the manipulation of his grief over his five-year-old son, abducted during an attack by the Sioux. Ouray met with Presidents Lincoln, Grant, and Hayes and was called the "man of peace" because he sought to make treaties with settlers and the government.
310:
know anything from the Ute language, did not want to go with Ouray, and the details of his capture did not match the experience of Ouray's son. Tribal historians have stated that this meeting was upsetting to Ouray, but author
Richard E. Wood states that the chief was impressed by the effort taken by the government. In 1873, with Ouray's help, the
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535:
In the death of Ouray, one of the historical characters passes away. He has figured for many years as the greatest Indian of his time, and during his life has figured quite prominently. Ouray is in many respects...a remarkable Indian...pure instincts and keen perception. A friend to the white man and
187:
Long time ago, Utes always had plenty. On the prairie, antelope and buffalo, so many Ouray couldn't count. In the mountains, deer and bear everywhere. In the streams, trout, duck, beaver, everything… White man came, and now Utes grow hungry a heap… White man grow a heap, red man no grow—soon die all.
633:
The Pikes Peak
Historical Society created an endowment fund in 2001 so that Utes could return to sacred places on Pikes Peak, including the ancient scarred trees that has been using for various ceremonial purposes, prayer, burial, and medicine or healing trees. Some of the "living artifacts" of the
364:
Photo taken in 1880 in
Washington D.C. when Ouray and other Utes traveled to Washington. D.C. to negotiate a treaty that would result in the removal of the White River and Tabeguache Utes from Colorado to the Uintah Basin in present-day Utah. Ouray died shortly after this trip. Seated from left to
347:
had their race track plowed and tried to force the nomadic hunters and gatherers to farm, and Meeker sought military help. Seeking peace, a tribe of Ute men led by Chief
Douglas asked Meeker for peace, but a fight ensued. This made further negotiations for peace between Native Americans and whites
206:
Although Ouray sought reconciliation between different peoples, with the belief that war with the whites likely meant the demise of the Ute tribe, other more militant Utes considered him a coward for his propensity to negotiate. Disturbed by the treaties that Ouray entered into, his brother-in-law
309:
Chief Powder Face to meet Ouray and
Chipeta in Washington, D.C. ten years after the abduction. This was the first of many attempts by Brunot to find his son and was conducted so that Ouray would relinquish mining property and keep treaty talks open. The boy was clearly not Ouray's son, he did not
198:
Ouray was known as the "White man's friend," and his services were almost indispensable to the government in negotiating with his tribe, who kept in good faith all treaties that were made by him. He protected their interests as far as possible, and set them the example of living a civilized life.
314:
was ratified and the United States acquired the mineral-rich property they had been seeking. In exchange, the Native
Americans were to receive provisions over time. Ouray was given land and a house in the Uncompahgre Valley near the Indian Agency. The government, though, was again reluctant to
284:
successfully negotiated a treaty with the Ouray and other Ute leaders in 1867. In the meantime, the government became interested in obtaining some more Ute land. Since the government had not lived up to its agreement to provide provisions for the winter months, Ouray was reluctant to give the
224:
had noticed in 1862 that prospectors were mining and settling in areas that had been traditional hunting grounds for the Utes and game was becoming scarce. Carson helped him draft a treaty. Ouray was part of the delegation and was the translator in a meeting with the new
Territorial Governor
176:
In 1860, Ouray became chief of the band at the age of 27. That year, he engaged in a "fact-finding tour" to determine the number of whites that were settling in the
Uncompahgre and Gunnison River valleys and was alarmed by the number of miners and settlers on ancestral lands of the Utes. He
518:
reads in part, "He saw the shadow of doom on his people" and a 2012 article writes, "He sought peace among tribes and whites, and a fair shake for his people, though Ouray was dealt a sad task of liquidating a once-mighty force that ruled nearly 23 million acres of the Rocky
Mountains."
135:
His parents had another son named Quench, and then his mother died soon after. His father remarried and his stepmother left Ouray and his brother to live on a ranch with a
Spanish-speaking couple around 1843 or 1845. His father returned to Colorado and became a leader of the
146:
languages, sign language, Spanish, and English, which he found helpful later in life in negotiating with whites and Native Americans. He spent much of his youth working for Mexican sheepherders. He also hauled wood and packed mules that were bound for the
304:
in 1872 and the government wanted again to negotiate for more land. Feeding on his grief due to the unknown status of his son after the Utes were attacked by the Sioux, U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs Felix Brunot had a 17-year-old orphan brought by
154:
In 1850, Ouray and his brother left Taos to join their father, who died soon after. Ouray was the band's best rider, hunter, and fighter, and he became an enforcer (like a chief of police) and then sub-chief of the band. He fought both the
491:
is located on their original 8.65 acre homestead in Montrose. Chipeta was a member of a Methodist church; Ouray was an Episcopalian. Ouray never cut his long Ute-fashion hair, though he often dressed in the European-American style.
348:
very difficult. Local settlers demanded that the Utes be moved. When Ouray found out about the massacre, he asked, as head of the Utes, for the warriors to disperse and release hostages to him. The hostages, including
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Colorado Territory was established on February 28, 1861. In 1862, he convinced Utes to negotiate with the government to enter into a treaty to ensure the protection of hereditary lands of the Tabeguache.
202:
It might be added that Ouray himself, who pronounced his name as 'You-ray', never seemed to have objected to being called 'Chief of all the Utes' and he did not hesitate to sign documents by that title.
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The U.S. government appointed a commission to determine a reservation for the Ute and Ouray and Chipeta went to Washington, D.C. in 1880 for the final treaty for the Utes. Members of the commission were
457:
band. Ouray never saw his son again and remained in deep grief. He tried to find his son for the rest of his life and feared "he was raised to fight against his own." While visiting Kit Carson at
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understood, though, that fighting the whites would not turn back the tide of immigrants. Instead, he believed that the solution was to engage in treaty negotiations to protect their interests.
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warriors and Queashegut left the tepee where he sought shelter with Chipeta to follow Ute warriors. After the fight, they were unable to find him. He had been captured and traded to an
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Ute band and the boys remained in Taos. Ouray received a Catholic education and was raised in the Catholic faith. Living in a culturally diverse location, he learned Ute and
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near Montrose. The 300-acre farm had pasture land and 50 acres of irrigated farm land. The six-room adobe house was well-furnished, including a piano and fine china. The
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Ouray negotiated with the U.S. government for the Treaty of Conejos (1863), which reduced their lands to 50% of what it had been, losing all lands east of the
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Around 1866, there were some Native Americans who had stolen livestock and otherwise upset new settlers. Following an uprising by Chief Kaniatse, Colonel
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right: Ignacio of the Southern Utes, Carl Shurz, Secretary of the Interior, Ouray and his wife, Chipeta. Standing are Woretsiz and General Charles Adams.
1833:
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When Queashegut was five years old, Ouray took him along on a buffalo hunt with a total party of 31 men in 1860 or 1863. Their hunting camp, near
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found her two years later in 1863 or 1865, but she was afraid of them and escaped. She was later found by Utes and returned to Ouray's tribe.
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as a chief of the Ute and he traveled to Washington, D.C. to negotiate for the welfare of the Utes. Raised in the culturally diverse town of
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92:, who wanted to stay in Colorado; but, the following year, the United States forced the Uncompahgre and the White River Ute to the west to
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Ouray's first wife, Black Mare, died after the birth of their only child, a boy named Queashegut, also known as Pahlone, and called
624:, which was taken as an omen. In Ute, Ouray means “arrow,” drawn from the meteor shower that occurred during the time of his birth.
1879:
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He had several homes in Colorado, one of them by the town of Ouray. For twenty years, Ouray lived with Chipeta on a farm on the
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1148:
The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado: Necessary Information and Good Advice for Living in and Enjoying Today's Colorado
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government more land. Many Native Americans, though, were "in dire straits" and he agreed to be part of a delegation.
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Ouray died on August 24, 1880, near the Los Piños Indian Agency in Colorado. His people secretly buried him near
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The Colorado Mountain Companion: A Potpourri of Useful Miscellany from the Highest Parts of the Highest State
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met Ouray in Washington, DC, he said that the Ute was "the most intellectual man I've ever conversed with."
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depicts the aftermath of the "Meeker Massacre." Meeker grave at lower left; W.H. Post grave at lower right
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248:. The center of the photograph shows a "lone encampment" of Ute Native Americans, between 1874 and 1879.
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442:: White Singing Bird), who had been caring for Ouray's son since Black Mare's death earlier that year.
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434:(apple) by his father because of his round, dimpled face. In 1859, Ouray married the sixteen-year old
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397:, Ouray traveled to the Ignacio Indian Agency office to have the treaty signed by the Southern Utes.
19:
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See "Danger of Bloody Collisions", "Chief Ouray, the Statesman", and "The Gift to the Great Father"
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1004:
Colorado Territory: Speech of Hon. H. P. Bennett in the House of Representatives, Feb. 28, 1863
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1273:, n.d., Salt Lake City, Utah, on Utah State University, Unintah Basin Education Center Website
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The Treaty of 1868 resulted in the creation of a reservation for the Utes in western Colorado
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According to oral history, he was born on a clear night of November 13, 1833, during the
507:. Forty-five years later, in 1925, his bones were re-interred in a full ceremony led by
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343:(1879) at the White River Indian Agency. Not understanding the Utes' love of horses,
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Colorado's Legendary Lovers: Historic Scandals, Heartthrobs, and Haunting Romances
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Buckskin Charlie and John McCook at the reburial of Ouray, Ignacio, Colorado, 1925
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I never knew that about Colorado. A quaint volume of forgotten Lore by Abbot Fay
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207:"Hot Stuff" tried to kill him with an axe during his near-daily visit to the
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provide provisions. His negotiations had included a meeting with President
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229:, after which he traveled to Washington, D.C. to meet with President
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in 1866, Ouray and Chipeta met and adopted two girls and two boys.
69:. Because of his leadership ability, Ouray was acknowledged by the
969:
Colorado Vanguards: Historic Trailblazers and Their Local Legacies
906:
Colorado Vanguards: Historic Trailblazers and Their Local Legacies
874:
Pikes Peak Backcountry: The Historic Saga of the Peak's West Slope
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18:
1194:
Maxine Benson; Duane A. Smith; Carl Ubbelohde (4 December 2015).
193:—Ouray, in an Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs
97:
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643:
His date of death was also stated to have been August 20, 1880.
39:
1354:
331:
An etching that appeared in the December 6, 1879 edition of
1024:
Encyclopedia of American Indian History [4 volumes]
374:, former U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon;
42:
132:
adopted into the Ute, and his mother was Uncompahgre Ute.
128:. His father, Guera Murah, also called Salvador, was a
738:
Women of Consequence: The Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
393:
When he had returned to Colorado, and while dying with
1021:
Bruce E. Johansen; Barry M. Pritzker (23 July 2007).
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1255:
Pruett Publishing Company: Boulder, Colorado, 1981.
36:
1016:
1014:
689:"Chief Ouray's broken heart helped shape the West"
84:(White River War) of 1879, he traveled in 1880 to
1175:. City of Montrose Office of Business and Tourism
682:
680:
1613:Ute Mountain Ute Mancos Canyon Historic District
1096:Barbara A. Gray-Kanatiiosh (September 1, 2010).
678:
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670:
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1260:The Concise Encyclopedia of the American Indian
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1743:American Indian Wars § West of the Mississippi
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400:Utes were later put on a reservation in Utah,
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472:in 1861 or 1863 when she was abducted by the
339:Tensions increased in the area following the
246:Ute came to hunt and take the mineral springs
8:
1307:Margaret K. McElderry Books: New York, 2010.
781:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
760:
758:
404:, as well as two reservations in Colorado:
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1426:
1377:
1363:
1355:
1145:Greif, Nancy S.; Johnson, Erin J. (2000).
730:
728:
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718:
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714:
712:
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588:, a World War II liberty ship, now named
577:in Colorado, as well as the community of
511:and John McCook at the Ignacio cemetery.
741:. Big Earth Publishing. pp. 32–37.
611:His year of birth is also given as 1820.
1834:Southern Ute Cultural Center and Museum
1722:Chief Walkara, also called Chief Walker
1300:Wayfinder Press: Ouray, Colorado, 1990.
1102:. ABDO Publishing Company. p. 26.
898:
896:
894:
839:. San Juan Silver Stage. Archived from
830:
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826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
656:
604:
567:, both in Colorado, were named for him.
1126:. Colorado Encyclopedia. 29 April 2016
1075:"The Story of Fort Garland: 1858-1883"
1824:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado
1400:Native Americans in the United States
1262:3rd ed., Wings Books: New York, 2000.
1151:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 185.
963:Phyllis J. Perry (16 November 2015).
801:. Graphic Arts Books. p. PT292.
7:
1682:(leader during Battle of Milk Creek)
1227:. Fulcrum Publishing. p. PT28.
1077:. San Luis Valley Museum Association
877:. Caxton Press. pp. 41, 43–44.
333:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
88:He tried to secure a treaty for the
1608:Spring Creek Archeological District
1305:Bear Dancer the Story of a Ute Girl
1277:Schurz, Carl (September 23, 1897).
1221:Rosemary Fetter (1 December 2004).
1200:. Graphic Arts Books. p. 192.
971:. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated.
909:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 137.
402:Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation
163:while living among the Tabeguache.
50:, c. 1833 – August 20, 1880) was a
1706:(dancer, author, and spiritualist)
1640:(leader during the Black Hawk War)
1597:Mineral springs at Manitou Springs
300:Silver deposits were found in the
14:
1646:, also called Sapiah, (Ute chief)
795:John Fayhee (15 September 2012).
573:and its county seat, the town of
468:(also Tsashin and Susan), was in
240:Valley of springs in present-day
112:Illustration of Taos Pueblo, 1893
1197:A Colorado History, 10th Edition
871:Celinda Reynolds Kaelin (1999).
256:that included healing waters at
116:Ouray was born in 1833 near the
32:
23:Ouray, Ute Chief, Colorado, 1874
1652:(Ouray's wife and Ute delegate)
1279:"Some Experiences with Indians"
536:protector to the Indians alike.
410:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
1724:(leader during the Walker War)
1253:Colorado's Colorful Characters
687:Joey Bunch (August 13, 2012).
549:, located in Granby, Colorado.
384:Commissioner of Indian Affairs
1:
1875:19th-century Native Americans
1267:Chipeta: Glory and Heartache"
1053:Pikes Peak Historical Society
634:Utes are about 800 years old.
1885:People from Taos, New Mexico
1844:Ute Indian Rights Settlement
1587:Bears Ears National Monument
378:, a railroad executive, and
1124:"White River Indian Agency"
1911:
1798:(Northern Ute Tribe, Utah)
1001:Hiram Pitt Bennet (1863).
65:, then located in western
61:(Uncompahgre) band of the
1819:Indian Reorganization Act
1804:(West-southwest Colorado)
1688:(Uncompahgre band leader)
1604:(later Old Spanish Trail)
1027:. ABC-CLIO. p. 811.
965:"Chief Ouray and Chipeta"
903:Phyllis J. Perry (2015).
215:Treaty of Conejos of 1863
1895:People of Apache descent
1670:(last traditional chief)
1343:"Ouray´s son... or not?"
1271:The Outlaw Trail Journal
784:. New York: D. Appleton.
693:Denver Post: The Archive
104:Early life and education
71:United States government
1880:Native American leaders
1792:(Southwestern Colorado)
1664:(Weeminuche band chief)
1298:Ouray Chief of the Utes
1291:– via Wikisource.
735:Jeanne Varnell (1999).
260:and the sacred land on
209:Los Piños Indian Agency
1829:Prehistory of Colorado
1564:Native American Church
557:Sawatch Mountain Range
541:Places named for Ouray
538:
514:A 1928 article in the
500:
449:, was attacked by 300
427:
406:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
366:
336:
277:
249:
190:
124:, now in the state of
113:
24:
16:Native American leader
1712:(Sanpete tribe chief)
1351:, American-Tribes.com
1345:, American-Tribes.com
1283:The Youth's Companion
622:Leonid meteor showers
533:
498:
423:
363:
330:
296:Brunot Treaty of 1873
275:
239:
111:
22:
1339:, Utah State Website
1303:Wyss, Thelma Hatch.
527:Ouray's obituary in
167:Chief and negotiator
1467:(Parianuche, Yampa)
1421:within contemporary
1173:"Ute Indian Museum"
470:Big Thompson Canyon
388:Rutherford B. Hayes
380:George W. Manypenny
1802:Ute Mountain Tribe
1733:Westward expansion
1700:(Ute-Paiute chief)
1694:(Ute-Paiute chief)
1349:"Old Photos - Ute"
1251:Bueler, Gladys R.
835:Kathryn R. Burke.
581:are named for him.
529:The Denver Tribune
501:
428:
367:
337:
302:San Juan Mountains
278:
254:Continental Divide
250:
181:Treaty negotiation
114:
25:
1852:
1851:
1839:Ute Indian Museum
1626:
1625:
1541:
1540:
1296:Smith, P. David.
1265:Jenson, H. Bert.
1234:978-1-938486-24-1
1207:978-0-87108-323-4
1158:978-1-55566-262-2
1109:978-1-61784-899-5
1034:978-1-85109-818-7
978:978-1-62585-693-7
916:978-1-4671-1937-5
884:978-0-87004-391-8
843:on March 5, 2016.
808:978-0-87108-967-0
748:978-1-55566-214-1
523:Legacy and honors
505:Ignacio, Colorado
489:Ute Indian Museum
485:Uncompahgre River
386:. When President
372:Alfred B. Meacham
1902:
1812:Related articles
1796:Uintah and Ouray
1668:Chief Jack House
1644:Buckskin Charley
1552:
1465:White River Utes
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547:Camp Chief Ouray
509:Buckskin Charley
476:. Soldiers from
464:Ouray's sister,
395:Bright's disease
350:Josephine Meeker
317:Ulysses S. Grant
312:Brunot Agreement
288:In 1868, Ouray,
194:
130:Jicarilla Apache
86:Washington, D.C.
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1773:Meeker Massacre
1735:
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1674:R. Carlos Nakai
1622:
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1578:Ancestral lands
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1516:Integrated with
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1246:Further reading
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794:
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772:, eds. (1900).
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341:Meeker Massacre
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323:Meeker Massacre
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258:Manitou Springs
242:Manitou Springs
231:Abraham Lincoln
217:
196:
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183:
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106:
96:in present-day
90:Uncompahgre Ute
82:Meeker Massacre
52:Native American
35:
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5:
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1767:Black Hawk War
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1716:Raoul Trujillo
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1312:External links
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1258:Grant, Bruce.
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268:Treaty of 1868
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149:Santa Fe Trail
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80:Following the
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1410:Ute mythology
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1337:History to Go
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1333:"Chief Ouray"
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1327:"Chief Ouray"
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1055:. 17 May 2014
1054:
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1049:"Ute Indians"
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837:"Chief Ouray"
831:
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823:
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775:"Ouray"
771:
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766:Wilson, J. G.
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345:Nathan Meeker
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1865:1830s births
1790:Southern Ute
1783:Reservations
1761:Colorado War
1557:and religion
1499:Ute Mountain
1456:(Tabeguache)
1336:
1322:Find a Grave
1304:
1297:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:
1270:
1259:
1252:
1223:
1216:
1196:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1167:
1147:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1118:
1098:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1052:
1043:
1023:
1007:. p. 1.
1003:
996:
987:
968:
905:
873:
841:the original
797:
790:
779:
737:
692:
639:
629:
616:
607:
591:
585:
571:Ouray County
534:
528:
526:
515:
513:
502:
482:
478:Fort Collins
463:
459:Fort Garland
444:
431:
429:
399:
392:
368:
356:Final treaty
338:
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299:
287:
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251:
218:
205:
201:
197:
191:
186:
175:
153:
137:
134:
122:Nuevo México
115:
94:reservations
79:
27:
26:
1870:1880 deaths
1763:(1863–1865)
1751:(1848–1923)
1745:(1811–1924)
1718:(performer)
1704:Joseph Rael
1686:Chief Ouray
1658:(Ute chief)
1546:Culture and
1454:Uncompahgre
1405:Ute dialect
586:Chief Ouray
579:Ouray, Utah
553:Mount Ouray
516:Denver Post
447:Fort Lupton
440:Ute meaning
118:Taos Pueblo
1890:Ute people
1859:Categories
1755:Walker War
1638:Black Hawk
1580:and trails
1555:Ceremonies
1507:Weeminuche
1449:Timpanogos
1386:Ute people
1288:2018-06-14
651:References
561:Ouray Peak
376:Otto Mears
282:Kit Carson
262:Pikes Peak
227:John Evans
222:Kit Carson
139:Tabeguache
126:New Mexico
59:Tabeguache
1769:(1865–72)
1676:(flutist)
1569:Sun Dance
1444:Seuvarits
1439:San Pitch
770:Fiske, J.
466:Shawsheen
382:, former
211:in 1874.
63:Ute tribe
1749:Ute Wars
1710:Sanpitch
1680:Nicaagat
1618:Ute Pass
1548:religion
1528:Moanunts
1476:Southern
1431:Northern
1393:Overview
1179:June 14,
1130:June 14,
1081:June 14,
1059:June 14,
531:stated:
290:Nicaagat
244:, where
159:and the
67:Colorado
1656:Colorow
1650:Chipeta
1533:Pahvant
555:in the
474:Arapaho
455:Arapaho
436:Chipeta
425:Chipeta
307:Arapaho
57:of the
1775:(1879)
1757:(1853)
1520:Paiute
1489:Muache
1484:Capote
1460:Uintah
1423:groups
1231:
1204:
1155:
1106:
1031:
975:
913:
881:
805:
745:
592:Deimos
144:Apache
1698:Posey
1318:Ouray
599:Notes
575:Ouray
451:Sioux
432:Paron
172:Chief
161:Sioux
157:Kiowa
55:chief
28:Ouray
1692:Polk
1518:the
1229:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1181:2018
1153:ISBN
1132:2018
1104:ISBN
1083:2018
1061:2018
1029:ISBN
973:ISBN
911:ISBN
879:ISBN
803:ISBN
743:ISBN
590:USS
559:and
408:and
98:Utah
75:Taos
40:jʊər
1320:at
1099:Ute
584:SS
563:in
120:in
1861::
1335:,
1281:.
1269:,
1051:.
1013:^
967:.
925:^
893:^
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691:.
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319:.
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43:eɪ
1378:e
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438:(
46:/
37:ˈ
34:/
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
