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on
January 11, 1880. Arrangements had been made to entertain and protect the Ute delegation while in the capital city and to negotiate a treaty regarding reservation resettlement. They also had been asked to testify before a congressional inquiry into the Ute uprising. The Utes health suffered due to
223:
The name
Chipeta is often claimed to be a Ute name meaning "White Singing Bird", however, it is more likely a misspelling by English language speakers for the Spanish nickname Chepita, a common nickname for Josefina. One early photograph spells her name "Chepetta". Many newspapers of the era spelled
196:
In 1859, Chipeta married Chief Ouray of the
Uncompahgres, becoming his second wife. His first wife had died and their child was kidnapped by Plains Indians. Ouray was ten years older than Chipeta, and at age 16, she was the youngest of his wives. Chipeta adopted four children and raised them as her
251:
to warn the settlers of the raid, saving their lives. She rescued a white woman and her children from hostile Utes after a four-day ride. The family recounts: "Chief Ouray and his wife did everything to make us comfortable. We were given the whole house and found carpets on the floor, lamps on the
271:
Chipeta sought to live peacefully with the white settlers in
Colorado. Tensions were rising as the settlers drove off game the Utes needed to survive. In addition, the government, through the White River Indian Agency, was pressing the Utes to take up farming, give up racing their horses, and
485:
on August 9, 1924. She was buried in a shallow grave and it was feared that her grave would be washed away in a few years. In coordination with Indian agent F.A. Gross and
Chipeta's brother, John McCook, her remains were reburied in a mauseleum Ouray Memorial Park (part of the
252:
tables and a stove with fire brightly burning. Mrs. Ouray shed tears over us." Both
Chipeta and her husband were known for their kindness towards white people. They would help settlers travel through the wilderness such as showing them the direction of a ford to cross a river.
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She was also very respected by member of the tribe and was always allowed to meetings of the council in which no other Ute woman was ever accepted. When entertaining guests, Chipeta would prepare and cook meals herself with her own utensils without any help from other women.
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nearly every year. Chipeta eventually became blind from cataracts. She lost most of her livestock in her later years. While at Bitter Creek during the warm months, family members strung a cord between her lodge and a spot where she could obtain privacy in the brush.
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Chipeta's brother, Sapinero, was jealous of Ouray's power and tried to murder him to which he failed. Ouray took out his knife in order to kill the traitor but
Chipeta grabbed it out of the sheath before Ouray could grab it, thus saving her brother's life.
387:. She testified before a Congressional inquiry into the Meeker Massacre. At the hearing, she took the witness stand and answered, through an interpreter, the 10 questions put to her. The Utes ratified a treaty with the US government.
464:
sent her two shawls as a sign of remembrance. (Chipeta, had received many luxurious gifts—like silk and china—in the past, but could not make use of them.) Sells received a horse blanket and a letter in thanks.
425:
The government promised
Chipeta a comfortable, furnished house like the house she had with Ouray in Colorado. Instead, she was given a partially constructed two-roomed house without furniture on the
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Chipeta came to act as his advisor and confidant, often sitting beside him at tribal council meetings. In 1863, Chipeta and her husband helped create the first treaty of
Conejos, Colorado.
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and making garments, like dresses, shirts, moccasins, and leggings from the tanned hides. Described as "dignified, well-dressed, and beautiful" in the photograph taken by
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the overheated rooms and change in lifestyle in the city. The delegation became ill, Chipeta to a lesser extent than the men. Ouray became very ill and was diagnosed with
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212:
on August 24, 1880. After his death, the reservation was renamed to honor him. Chipeta continued as a leader of the Utes and was highly respected as a wise woman.
167:
Chipeta, also known as "White
Singing Bird", was born into the Kiowa Apache tribe in about 1843. She was adopted and raised by the Uncompahgre Utes in what is now
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By 1916, Chipeta roamed southeast and south of the reservation with a small group of Utes who raised cattle and about 1,000 sheep. In the winter, they stayed at
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Chipeta and Chief Ouray traveled with a delegation of Utes by train, bound for Washington, D.C. As Chipeta and the other Utes attempted to board a train at
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490:), near the site of her former home at Montrose, Colorado on March 15, 1925. A memorial service was held that day, with 5,000 people in attendance.
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332:. The captives were brought to Chipeta and Ouray's home after their release. Adams held an inquiry into the events in Colorado.
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One time upon learning of a raid to be done on her white neighbors by the Utes she quickly traveled on her pony and swam the
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own. She is generally thought to have never bore children, one account is that she had one son who was stolen by a band of
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364:. They passed through Chicago where they were met by crowds of people that threatened the Utes. The delegation arrived in
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429:, without irrigation to grow crops. That being the case, she returned to a traditional Ute lifestyle living in a teepe.
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She was an Indian rights advocate and diplomat. She used diplomacy to try to achieve peace with the white settlers in
183:, Chipeta spoke Ute, Spanish and English languages, although her obituary states that she never learned English.
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445:, southeast of the reservation. They moved and allowed their livestock to graze as far south of the reservation as
542:
Rockwell states that she died August 20, 1924, but a newspaper published August 15 said that she died on August 9.
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148:. An advisor and confidant of her husband, Chipeta continued as a leader of her people after his death in 1880.
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at the Agency, where the Utes killed 11 white men and took three women and two children captive. In a related
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for her "courage and valor she demonstrated in her efforts to mediate between Native Americans and whites."
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947:"Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, August 26, 1887, Image 5"
422:. Her brother Chief McCook, succeeded Ouray, and became the leader of the Federated Tribes of Utes.
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236:, which calls into question any suggestion that "Chipeta" is a Ute word for "White Singing Bird".
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Chipeta and Ouray went on annual hunting trips into the mountains together. Chief Ouray died in
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1395:, n.d., Salt Lake City, Utah, on Utah State University, Unintah Basin Education Center website
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1007:"The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, June 30, 1881, Image 4"
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Realizing that the government has neglected Chipeta since she was forced to move to Utah,
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321:, a former US Indian agent, negotiated release of the captives. One of the captives was
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977:"Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, June 08, 1881, Image 1"
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her name "Chepita", consistent with the Spanish spelling. The Ute word for "white" is
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Chipeta married a White River Ute in Utah at the Ouray Agency, named Accumooquats.
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Chipeta, Queen of the Utes, and her Equally Illustrious Husband, Noted Chief Ouray
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Ouray died in 1880, after which "Chipeta was betrayed by the government".
1266:"Dragon, Utah to Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation to Book Cliffs, Utah"
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His name was stated as the derogatory Toomuchagut in the newspapers. The
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by an angry mob of white people, who believed them associated with the
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171:. She learned their traditional ways and became a skilled artisan in
1202:. Vol. 38. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1880. p. 191.
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House Miscellaneous Documents. 46th Congress, 2nd Session, 1879-80
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1920:
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in 1880. Chipeta is seated in the front row beside her husband.
1345:. Montrose, Colorado: Western Reflections Publishing Company.
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In her later years, she and her brother Chief McCook visited
317:
The Uncompahgre did not take part in the uprising. General
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
945:
Humanities, National Endowment for the (August 26, 1887).
314:(Wyoming) for several days before reinforcements arrived.
637:
635:
1005:
Humanities, National Endowment for the (June 30, 1881).
481:
Chipeta was at Bitter Creek in Utah, when she died from
376:
On March 7, 1880, Chipeta was welcomed as a delegate by
975:
Humanities, National Endowment for the (June 8, 1881).
921:"Chipeta: Native American Rights Advocate and Diplomat"
453:, in the other months. Utes farmed near Bitter Creek.
521:
Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
406:
The Ute Removal Act of 1880 was passed which forced,
3283:
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30:
3085:Ute Mountain Ute Mancos Canyon Historic District
262:Treaties between the United States and the Utes
3215:American Indian Wars § West of the Mississippi
696:"Chipeta: Admired and Respected Indian Leader"
2842:
1419:
1342:Chipeta : queen of the Utes, a biography
826:
824:
822:
777:"The Passing of Chipeta, Wife of Chief Ouray"
8:
1339:Becker, Cynthia S.; Smith, P. David (2003).
418:. They were forced to leave Colorado by the
144:, she was raised by the Utes in what is now
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1112:
835:. Utah Historical Quarterly 6. p. 104.
744:
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2236:
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1928:
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1453:
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1366:. Western Reflections Publishing Company.
771:
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38:
27:
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1310:
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857:
845:
813:
801:
641:
3306:Southern Ute Cultural Center and Museum
3194:Chief Walkara, also called Chief Walker
2647:Frances Xavier Cabrini (Mother Cabrini)
571:
532:
115:Accumooquats (married by April 1, 1883)
1223:
1221:
656:
654:
652:
650:
128:(1843 or 1844 – August 9, 1924) was a
3296:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado
2872:Native Americans in the United States
2677:Julie Villiers Lewis McMillan Penrose
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
538:
536:
155:. In 1985, Chipeta was inducted into
7:
3402:20th-century Native American artists
3347:19th-century Native American leaders
3154:(leader during Battle of Milk Creek)
608:
606:
410:and Uncompahgre Utes to move to the
298:The Ute resentment boiled up to the
285:Utes' contact with European settlers
190:Chipeta and her husband Chief Ouray,
3407:20th-century American women artists
3352:19th-century American women artists
3080:Spring Creek Archeological District
412:Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation
310:, the Utes pinned down forces from
66:Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation
3397:20th-century Native American women
3392:19th-century Native American women
3178:(dancer, author, and spiritualist)
3112:(leader during the Black Hawk War)
3069:Mineral springs at Manitou Springs
1360:Rockwell, Wilson (April 1, 1999).
14:
3118:, also called Sapiah, (Ute chief)
2717:Elizabeth Georgiana Barratt Wells
302:in September 1879, marked by the
500:
3124:(Ouray's wife and Ute delegate)
831:Albert, Reagan (January 1933).
516:List of Native American artists
289:European settlement in Colorado
132:leader, and the second wife of
3196:(leader during the Walker War)
1672:Elizabeth Hickok Robbins Stone
1389:"Chipeta: Glory and Heartache"
1126:"Chipeta: Wife of Chief Ouray"
437:Nomadic life raising livestock
1:
3377:Native American women artists
3362:Textile artists from Colorado
1435:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
1229:"Chipeta: A detailed history"
1086:"Ute Mountain Ute Dictionary"
1061:"Ute Mountain Ute Dictionary"
1036:"Ute Mountain Ute Dictionary"
875:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
666:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
325:, adult daughter of the late
157:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
3316:Ute Indian Rights Settlement
3059:Bears Ears National Monument
1165:, pp. 122–124, 126–128.
925:Museums for Digital Learning
783:. August 15, 1924. p. 1
336:Delegate in Washington, D.C.
102:tribal leader and wise woman
3367:Native American beadworkers
462:Indian Affairs Commissioner
256:Negotiated and forced moves
3423:
3270:(Northern Ute Tribe, Utah)
2697:Minnie Reynolds Scalabrino
1090:dictionary.utelanguage.org
1065:dictionary.utelanguage.org
1040:dictionary.utelanguage.org
591:. April 6, 1883. p. 4
558:reported on April 1, 1883,
282:
259:
192:wearing a shirt she beaded
18:
3291:Indian Reorganization Act
3276:(West-southwest Colorado)
3160:(Uncompahgre band leader)
3076:(later Old Spanish Trail)
2564:
2553:
2394:Elizabeth Wright Ingraham
2235:
2224:
1927:
1916:
1730:
1719:
1452:
1441:
37:
3142:(last traditional chief)
2793:Lula Lubchenco Josephson
2611:Velveta Golightly-Howell
2374:Morley Cowles Ballantine
1393:The Outlaw Trail Journal
1233:Chipeta Mountain Project
1153:, pp. 120–121, 128.
700:Colorado Virtual Library
618:coloradoencyclopedia.org
475:Grand Junction, Colorado
449:in Utah, at the Head of
21:Chipeta (disambiguation)
3264:(Southwestern Colorado)
3136:(Weeminuche band chief)
2606:Rosalind Juanita Harris
2384:Penny Rafferty Hamilton
2208:Babe Didrikson Zaharias
1839:Frances McConnell-Mills
1631:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
1574:Hannah Marie Wormington
1187:Becker & Smith 2003
1175:Becker & Smith 2003
1163:Becker & Smith 2003
1151:Becker & Smith 2003
1113:Becker & Smith 2003
900:Chipeta: Ute Peacemaker
745:Becker & Smith 2003
733:Becker & Smith 2003
721:Becker & Smith 2003
3301:Prehistory of Colorado
3036:Native American Church
2692:Patricia Barela Rivera
2672:Katharine Stegner Odum
2662:Zipporah Parks Hammond
2637:Theodosia Grace Ammons
2596:Elizabeth Piper Ensley
2389:Julia Archibald Holmes
2328:Erinea Garcia Gallegos
2112:Clarissa Pinkola Estés
1959:Pauline Short Robinson
1834:Mary Hauck Elitch Long
1130:San Luis Valley Museum
403:
394:Forced removal to Utah
349:
193:
16:Native American leader
3184:(Sanpete tribe chief)
2461:Anna Jo Garcia Haynes
1814:Dana Hudkins Crawford
1757:Jane Silverstein Ries
1636:Mary Florence Lathrop
1600:Helen Louise Peterson
1464:Lena Lovato Archuleta
469:Later years and death
401:
385:United States Capitol
378:Secretary of Interior
343:
260:Further information:
240:Advisor and confidant
189:
3372:American beadworkers
2753:Gail Benjamin Colvin
2712:Olibama Lopez Tushar
2586:Alida Cornelia Avery
2476:Sandra I. Rothenberg
2379:Lauren Young Casteel
2158:Sue Anschutz-Rodgers
1854:Mildred Pitts Walter
1844:Rachel Bassette Noel
1747:Hendrika B. Cantwell
1703:Cleo Parker Robinson
896:"Meaning of Chipita"
589:The Kansas City Star
585:"Chippeta's Wedding"
308:battle at Milk Creek
19:For other uses, see
2939:(Parianuche, Yampa)
2893:within contemporary
2808:Jacqueline St. Joan
2733:Judith E. N. Albino
2707:Agnes Wright Spring
2687:Agnes Ludwig Riddle
2581:Katherine Archuleta
2466:Arlene Vigil Kramer
2409:Helen Ring Robinson
2282:Bartley Marie Scott
2020:Emily Howell Warner
1954:J. Virginia Lincoln
1610:Eudochia Bell Smith
1554:May Bonfils Stanton
1325:, pp. 270–273.
1294:, pp. 268–269.
1215:, pp. 267–268.
1177:, pp. 125–126.
804:, pp. 256–257.
356:, they were almost
3274:Ute Mountain Tribe
3205:Westward expansion
3172:(Ute-Paiute chief)
3166:(Ute-Paiute chief)
2758:Linda Seitz Fowler
2667:Susanne E. Jalbert
2369:Christine Arguello
2287:Alice Bemis Taylor
2247:Madeleine Albright
2183:Mary Lou Makepeace
1849:Marilyn Van Derbur
1829:Elnora M. Gilfoyle
1752:Sarah Platt-Decker
1693:Edwina Hume Fallis
1657:Caroline Churchill
1509:Helen Hunt Jackson
781:The Daily Sentinel
620:. January 16, 2020
420:United States Army
404:
350:
344:Ute delegation in
267:Westward expansion
194:
126:White Singing Bird
91:White Singing Bird
3387:Women beadworkers
3324:
3323:
3311:Ute Indian Museum
3098:
3097:
3013:
3012:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2783:Elizabeth Hoffman
2778:Gloria J. Higgins
2652:Vicki Jane Cowart
2601:Carolina Gonzalez
2591:Guadalupe Briseño
2576:Mary Lou Anderson
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2440:Laura Ann Hershey
2404:Joanne M. Maguire
2318:Fannie Mae Duncan
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2178:Katherine Keating
2117:Arlene Hirschfeld
2081:Arie Parks Taylor
2051:Patricia A. Gabow
1964:Martha M. Urioste
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1819:Margaret L. Curry
1809:Elise M. Boulding
1773:Helen Marie Black
1742:Caroline Bancroft
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1667:B. LaRae Orullian
1387:Jenson, H. Bert,
488:Ute Indian Museum
483:chronic gastritis
210:Ignacio, Colorado
169:Conejos, Colorado
146:Conejos, Colorado
119:
118:
3414:
3284:Related articles
3268:Uintah and Ouray
3140:Chief Jack House
3116:Buckskin Charley
3024:
2937:White River Utes
2899:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2828:
2773:Margaret Hansson
2738:Christine Benero
2616:Marianne Neifert
2566:
2555:
2512:Geraldine Grimes
2486:Judith B. Wagner
2445:Elizabeth Pellet
2399:Kristina Johnson
2308:Kristi S. Anseth
2262:Philippa Marrack
2252:Elinor Greenberg
2237:
2226:
2137:Caroline Spencer
2071:Antoinette Perry
2061:Portia Mansfield
2041:Louie Croft Boyd
1929:
1918:
1732:
1721:
1641:Lenore E. Walker
1494:Mamie Eisenhower
1489:Mary Coyle Chase
1454:
1443:
1428:
1421:
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1990:Virginia Fraser
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1564:Ruth Stockton
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163:Personal life
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36:
29:
26:
22:
3337:1840s births
3262:Southern Ute
3255:Reservations
3233:Colorado War
3121:
3029:and religion
2971:Ute Mountain
2928:(Tabeguache)
2803:Carolyn Love
2798:Mary Krugman
2788:Elsa Holguín
2768:Dusti Gurule
2748:Fran Coleman
2343:Ding-Wen Hsu
2333:Laura Gilpin
2203:Rhea Woltman
2193:Anna Petteys
2142:Vivien Spitz
2107:Marion Downs
2102:Judy Collins
2066:Carol Mutter
1995:Gudy Gaskill
1944:Joy S. Burns
1885:Juana Bordas
1499:Justina Ford
1483:
1392:
1363:Sunset Slope
1362:
1341:
1318:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1269:
1260:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1232:
1208:
1199:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1129:
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1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1000:
988:. Retrieved
970:
958:. Retrieved
940:
930:December 16,
928:. Retrieved
924:
915:
903:. Retrieved
899:
890:
878:. Retrieved
874:
865:
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832:
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797:
785:. Retrieved
780:
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728:
723:, p. 6.
716:
704:. Retrieved
699:
669:. Retrieved
665:
622:. Retrieved
617:
593:. Retrieved
588:
555:
480:
472:
455:
451:Bitter Creek
440:
431:
424:
405:
389:
375:
351:
327:Indian agent
316:
297:
278:Christianity
270:
246:
243:
233:
229:
225:
222:
214:
207:
203:
195:
181:Mathew Brady
166:
150:
142:Kiowa Apache
125:
121:
120:
81:Kiowa Apache
62:Bitter Creek
50:1843 or 1844
25:
3342:1924 deaths
3235:(1863–1865)
3223:(1848–1923)
3217:(1811–1924)
3190:(performer)
3176:Joseph Rael
3158:Chief Ouray
3130:(Ute chief)
3018:Culture and
2926:Uncompahgre
2877:Ute dialect
2682:Lydia Prado
2642:Libby Bortz
2621:Gale Norton
2517:Susan Helms
2481:Shari Shink
2198:Eliza Routt
2168:Evie Dennis
2005:Mary Miller
1949:Josie Heath
1890:Swanee Hunt
1688:Clara Brown
1662:Oleta Crain
1579:Jean Yancey
1534:Mary Rippon
1514:Dottie Lamm
1479:Molly Brown
1271:Google Maps
1095:January 15,
1070:January 15,
1045:January 15,
1020:January 15,
990:January 15,
960:January 15,
880:January 15,
447:Book Cliffs
427:White River
408:White River
381:Carl Schurz
312:Fort Steele
134:Chief Ouray
113:(1859–1880)
111:Chief Ouray
77:Nationality
3382:Ute people
3331:Categories
3227:Walker War
3110:Black Hawk
3052:and trails
3027:Ceremonies
2979:Weeminuche
2921:Timpanogos
2858:Ute people
2657:Ruth Denny
2471:Lydia Peña
2430:Anne Evans
2414:Diana Wall
2122:Jean Jones
2010:Sue Miller
1939:Polly Baca
1880:Ceal Barry
1788:Wilma Webb
1524:Golda Meir
1373:1890437255
1136:January 7,
566:References
458:Cato Sells
283:See also:
83:, American
3241:(1865–72)
3148:(flutist)
3041:Sun Dance
2916:Seuvarits
2911:San Pitch
1529:Owl Woman
1333:Biography
1277:August 6,
1015:2166-5532
985:2693-5732
955:2333-6196
871:"Chipeta"
787:August 7,
706:August 4,
671:August 5,
662:"Chipeta"
624:August 8,
614:"Chipeta"
595:August 6,
107:Spouse(s)
3221:Ute Wars
3182:Sanpitch
3152:Nicaagat
3090:Ute Pass
3020:religion
3000:Moanunts
2948:Southern
2903:Northern
2865:Overview
2188:Lily Nie
1238:March 8,
494:See also
226:sagar(ü)
173:beadwork
153:Colorado
3128:Colorow
3122:Chipeta
3005:Pahvant
1484:Chipeta
1268:(Map).
402:Chipeta
383:at the
358:lynched
354:Alamosa
274:convert
234:wichich
177:tanning
136:of the
122:Chipeta
32:Chipeta
3247:(1879)
3229:(1853)
2992:Paiute
2961:Muache
2956:Capote
2932:Uintah
2895:groups
1370:
1349:
1132:. 2009
1013:
983:
953:
443:Dragon
230:kaakay
199:Kiowas
3170:Posey
2559:2020s
2230:2010s
1922:2000s
1725:1990s
1447:1980s
527:Notes
3164:Polk
2990:the
2726:2024
2630:2022
2569:2020
2500:2018
2454:2016
2423:2015
2362:2014
2301:2012
2240:2010
2151:2008
2090:2006
2029:2004
1978:2002
1932:2000
1863:1997
1797:1996
1766:1991
1735:1990
1681:1989
1650:1988
1619:1987
1588:1986
1457:1985
1368:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1279:2023
1240:2018
1138:2010
1097:2024
1072:2024
1047:2024
1022:2024
1011:ISSN
992:2024
981:ISSN
962:2024
951:ISSN
932:2023
907:2023
882:2024
789:2023
708:2023
673:2023
626:2023
597:2023
416:Utah
287:and
219:Name
70:Utah
55:Died
47:Born
414:in
280:.
276:to
124:or
100:Ute
3333::
1391:,
1299:^
1231:.
1220:^
1128:.
1105:^
1088:.
1063:.
1038:.
1009:.
979:.
923:.
898:.
873:.
821:^
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752:^
698:.
681:^
664:.
649:^
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616:.
605:^
587:.
574:^
547:^
535:^
460:,
373:.
201:.
175:,
68:,
64:,
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2836:v
1427:e
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1099:.
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1024:.
994:.
964:.
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909:.
884:.
791:.
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628:.
599:.
23:.
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