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the closing reed must be choked (silenced), and the opening reed must be sounded. A clean overblow note requires that both of these steps be executed simultaneously. Overblowing technique also has been described as not much different from doing a blow bend, except on a draw-bend-only reed (holes 1–6), and doing a draw bend embouchure, except on a blow-bend-only reed (holes 7–10). The latter technique is also known as the "overdraw" due to the reversed airflow, and these techniques are sometimes collectively referred to as "overbends".
340:, are capable of overblowing in the sense of jumping to a higher pitch, though most bagpipes are not normally played in this way. Among Highland pipers, the term more often refers to a problem affecting the steadiness and reliability of the pitch and tone caused by an excess of air pressure. When a piper plays, a rhythm is set up between blowing into the blowstick and squeezing the bag. Often, a piper will over-squeeze the bag while still exhaling, causing a pipe to cease to sound or to vary its tone and pitch.
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is twice the length of pipes of other stops designed to sound the same pitch. When such a pipe is overblown, it sounds a fundamental tone one octave higher than other pipes of its length. For instance, a harmonic flute pipe that is 16 feet long is designed to sound the same note as most 8-foot pipes.
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nor are they particularly musical – nor does it induce a higher vibrational mode in air in a pipe or other resonator – harmonicas generally have no such resonator. Rather, it silences the sounding reed while eliciting sound from the formerly silent one – the one that normally responds to air flowing
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Overblown notes can be played as softly as any other note on the instrument. Proper embouchure alone will cause the closing reed to cease vibrating and induce the opening reed to start. Overblow notes are naturally flat but can be bent up to the correct pitch. An overblow consists of two steps:
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valve on the higher-pitched of the two reeds. While superficially resembling in its pitch-jumping effect the overblowing of other (beating-reed, aerophone, brass) wind instruments, harmonica overblowing is completely unrelated from the standpoint of the underlying physics. It does not induce the
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can also mean blowing too hard merely in order to hear oneself. For example, on a stage with amplified instruments and an inadequate monitoring system, a saxophone player may just blow harder than they would otherwise want to, the result being a worse sound and often worse intonation or unwanted
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In beating, or striking, reed wind instruments such as the saxophone, clarinet, and oboe, the transition from lower to higher register is aided by a "register key" which encourages a vibration node at a particular point in the pipe such that a higher harmonic is produced.
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Certain modifications to factory-built harmonicas can increase the sensitivity of the instrument and make overblows far easier to achieve. Lowering the reed gap (over the reedplate) and slightly narrowing reed slots (a process called
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of the airstream is altered in order to sound higher notes. This technique can also be demonstrated when blowing across the top of a glass bottle (beer bottle, wine bottle, etc.) to produce a pitch.
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Bahnson, Henry T., James F. Antaki, and
Quinter C. Beery. "Acoustical and physical dynamics of the diatonic harmonica." The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103.4 (1998): 2134-2144
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though not much related to bending per se, is possible on any harmonica having both a blow reed and a draw reed mounted in the same airway (i.e., behind the same mouthpiece hole), but no
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to jump to a higher one without a fingering change or the operation of a slide. Overblowing may involve a change in the air pressure, in the point at which the air is directed, or in the
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while otherwise leaving fingering unaltered. With the exception of harmonica overblowing, the pitch jump is from one vibratory mode of the reed or air column, e.g., its
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on such an instrument: a free reed mounted over a reedplate slot will normally respond to air flows that pull it initially into the slot, i.e., as a
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In some instruments, overblowing involves the direct manipulation of the vibrating reed(s), and/or the pushing of a
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characteristics of the chamber formed by the mouth and throat of the player. (The latter is a feature of
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can play in the upper octave by blowing harder while using the same fingering as in the lower octave.
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sounding reed to sound a higher overtone – free reed overtones do not even begin to approximate the
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In simple woodwind instruments, overblowing can cause the pitch to change into a different
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ranks are designed to be overblown. For instance, a given pipe of the harmonic flute
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to produce a tone. When the instrument is overblown, with or without the aid of its
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in the opposite direction. A key fact for understanding both overblowing and
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537:(The Saxophone). pub J. J. Weber, Leipzig. 1931; translated to English by
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instrument open at both ends, the pitch similarly increases by an octave.
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The
Contemporary American Organ: Its Evolution, Design and Construction
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Another type of overblowing is that used on instruments such as the
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Overblowing is an important modern technique among players of some
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of these instruments gives their closed tube the properties of an
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Acoustical and physical dynamics of the diatonic harmonica
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30:For overblowing in the sense of exaggerating, see
544:Master Your Theory: 4th Grade by Dulcie Holand
248:is the manipulation of supplied air through a
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8:
541:. Herts, England: Egon Publishers Ltd, 1987.
622:. New York: J. Fischer and bro. p. 55.
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
911:Bowed string instrument extended technique
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551:. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103:2134-44 (1998).
405:Notable practitioners of overblowing are
233:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
1161:Category:Musical performance techniques
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457:, opening and closing the instrument's
495:; when overblown, the pitch jumps an
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208:move details into the article's body
106:adding citations to reliable sources
563:Pitch control in harmonica playing
356:or blues harp. Combined with note
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616:Barnes, William Harrison (1930).
547:Bahnson HT, Antaki JF, Beery QC.
52:This article has multiple issues.
27:Wind instrument playing technique
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565:. Acoust. Aust. 15:69–75 (1987).
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364:thus together sometimes called
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60:or discuss these issues on the
558:. Harmonica Horizons 5 (1990).
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484:beat against each other, the
637:Harmonica overblow technique
352:types, notably the standard
597:Encyclopedia of Organ Stops
409:, a founding member of the
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863:Piano extended techniques
472:higher. In the case of a
1100:Extended vocal technique
903:Bowed string instruments
252:that causes the sounded
354:Richter-tuned harmonica
336:, most importantly the
1057:Snare drum technique
878:Three-hand technique
102:improve this article
825:Harmonica technique
800:Saxophone technique
717:Finger substitution
445:In the case of the
1182:Musical techniques
805:Circular breathing
707:Extended technique
673:Musical techniques
453:beats against its
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1115:Overtone singing
916:Violin technique
815:Flutter-tonguing
792:Wind instruments
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593:"Harmonic Flute"
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117:"Overblowing"
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1067:Cymbal choke
1016:Third bridge
936:Bartók pizz.
888:String piano
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767:Stopped note
687:Articulation
618:
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600:. Retrieved
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535:Das Saxophon
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533:Kool, Jaap,
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482:double reeds
466:register key
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388:opening reed
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384:closing reed
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216:October 2021
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196:lead section
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100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
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54:Please help
51:
32:exaggeration
1110:Death growl
1092:Human voice
1062:Burton grip
991:Flatpicking
986:Fingerstyle
981:Downpicking
948:Free bowing
830:Overblowing
742:Multiphonic
702:Double stop
505:cylindrical
462:closed tube
459:cylindrical
431:Jason Ricci
419:Adam Gussow
407:Howard Levy
366:overbending
362:overdrawing
324:overtones.
321:Overblowing
293:tin whistle
273:fundamental
246:Overblowing
158:August 2017
1105:Beatboxing
1049:Percussion
893:Tack piano
840:Split tone
810:Embouchure
737:Intonation
602:2017-08-22
570:References
554:Thaden J.
517:organ pipe
511:Pipe organ
455:mouthpiece
415:Paulo Prot
411:Flecktones
262:embouchure
128:newspapers
57:improve it
1120:Screaming
1072:Drum roll
943:Col legno
931:Pizzicato
926:Bariolage
752:Pizzicato
732:Harmonics
727:Glissando
712:Fingering
493:open tube
474:saxophone
441:Woodwinds
400:embossing
370:windsaver
350:harmonica
344:Harmonica
315:direction
258:resonance
206:and help
63:talk page
1176:Category
963:Two bows
958:Spiccato
845:Tonguing
820:Growling
762:Slapping
757:Position
747:Phrasing
480:, where
447:clarinet
334:bagpipes
328:Bagpipes
289:register
277:overtone
275:, to an
18:Overblow
1082:Rimshot
1011:Tambour
996:Picking
953:Martelé
873:Luthéal
782:Vibrato
777:Tremolo
697:Damping
680:General
486:conical
470:twelfth
380:bending
358:bending
142:scholar
973:Guitar
692:Bowing
497:octave
449:, the
433:, and
144:
137:
130:
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1143:Étude
855:Piano
515:Some
501:flute
332:Some
254:pitch
149:JSTOR
135:books
1031:Harp
521:stop
489:bore
478:oboe
451:reed
121:news
298:In
264:.)
104:by
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