587:
468:
194:
553:
initially had very little centralized power. Instead, he exercised suzerainty over the lower kingdoms, much like his Irish counterpart. This would change as
Scotland combined into a more centralized state, and the High King gathered more power over regional monarchs. This was to the point where the
344:
were subordinate, and often other territories. He was in some sense still a petty king, but could also achieve provincial-level prominence, including, although rarely, the provincial kingship, and was often fully sovereign in any case. Depending on who was counted, there may have been as many as 20
528:
upon the Hill of Tara in Meath, in the
Kingdom of Mide. When stood upon by a candidate for the throne, if they were the rightful High King of Ireland, the stone monument was said to loudly roar in joy. The stone was supposedly split by the sword of
839:
516:
were in theory subordinate to the high king, Irish stories and mythology relate that the power of the high king varied considerably throughout the office's existence, and he was usually not more than a figurehead exercising
843:
415:('ultimate king of every individual'). Several kingdoms belonging to the 1st and 2nd millennia are listed below, but do not all belong to the same periods. No more than six genuine
882:
680:
A number of
Scottish monarchs styled themselves 'High King of Scotland,' 'High King of Picts,' or 'High King of Alba,' using the following variants of the term
280:
might be many times the size of another. There are generally estimated to have been between 100 and 150 in
Ireland, depending on who really qualified.
510:, or 'High King' (of Ireland), was traditionally the supreme ruler of all the Irish provinces, subject to no higher domestic authority. While the
421:
were ever contemporary, with the average being three or four. Originally, there were only five provinces, at least according to legend (see the
944:
1144:
1079:. Dublin: The Academy Press. 1981. Reissue with new intro. and notes by Donnchadh Ó Corráin of original Martin Lester Ltd edition, 1921.
811:
618:
571:
798:
240:
was largely symbolic. As time went on, the real power of many lesser kings could equal or even eclipse those of higher grade.
1154:
1117:
878:
1149:
936:
Shakespeare and the Middle Ages: Essays on the
Performance and Adaptation of the Plays with Medieval Sources or Settings
629:
as well. In addition to the monarch or 'high king' there were others, although these are conventionally styled only
1001:
1092:
422:
977:
993:
499:
1134:
302:
826:
1139:
647:
541:
368:
803:
668:
378:
31:
983:
49:
777:
1022:
973:
940:
934:
807:
642:
637:
534:
452:
447:
1082:
965:
654:
437:
373:
363:
358:
97:
79:
1109:
1007:
886:
432:
307:
225:
126:
106:
69:
1014:. ed. W. H. D. Sellar. Edinburgh: Scottish Society for Northern Studies. 1993. 117–142.
879:
http://stella.atilf.fr/Dendien/scripts/tlfiv5/visusel.exe?11;s=300828855;r=1;nat=;sol=0
767:
530:
237:
65:
586:
467:
289:
himself, and exercised no direct compulsory legal authority outside his own ancestral
193:
1128:
1072:
566:
442:
1044:
1017:
169:'king of bands' either of whom, in turn, were superior to several figures known as
525:
295:. Kings were bound to others by military allegiance and the payment of tribute.
91:
1096:
752:
726:
Other than the Irish/Scottish Gaelic titles, some styled themselves in Latin:
518:
263:
1039:
Royal
Inauguration in Gaelic Ireland c. 1100–1600: A Cultural Landscape Study
919:
269:
115:
61:
45:
1112:, "Italo-Celtic Revisited", in Birnbaum, Henrik and Jaan Puhvel (eds.),
17:
762:
658:
57:
757:
772:
131:
86:
283:
Importantly, in theory every king of a superior grade was also a
865:
524:
According to tradition, the high king was originally crowned at
120:
53:
1067:
Medieval
Ireland: Territorial, Political and Economic Divisions
581:
462:
188:
78:, apparently derived from the genitive. Cognates include
718:
704:
697:
690:
681:
672:
624:
548:
511:
505:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
346:
339:
333:
327:
321:
290:
284:
275:
267:
257:
251:
231:
176:
170:
164:
158:
147:
140:
906:
598:
533:
when it refused to acknowledge his preferred candidate
479:
205:
866:"Rey, reina | Diccionario de la lengua española"
711:
73:
262:(king of a single tribe), was most commonly a local
56:'. It is used in historical texts referring to the
338:('overking'), was a regional king to whom several
30:This article is about Gaelic. For other uses, see
661:in later Scottish tradition, but properly styled
1097:"Nationality and Kingship in Pre-Norman Ireland"
1087:Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages
409:were subordinate. They were also referred to as
990:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2nd edition, 2001.
933:Driver, Martha W.; Ray, Sid (10 January 2014).
118:
537:, following which it never called out again.
521:over the largely independent lower kingdoms.
157:was a major, regional king and superior to a
100:
8:
1089:. Dublin: Lilliput Press. 2nd edition, 2003.
558:by the English rather than the proper term,
129:
109:
64:kings, and those of similar rank. While the
737:
730:
662:
89:
742:('King of All the Provinces of the Picts')
667:in contemporary Irish sources. The famous
403:) or semi-provincial king to whom several
1104:Medieval Ireland: The Enduring Tradition
1020:, "The consecration of Irish kings", in
789:
671:is argued to have begun his career as
1106:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. 1988.
840:"an Stòr-dàta Briathrachais Gàidhlig"
7:
68:word is exactly the same, in modern
1060:Early Irish Kingship and Succession
1053:Scottish Gaelic Studies XIV Part II
554:regional Kings were referred to as
1069:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2008.
1062:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2000.
970:The Kingship and Landscape of Tara
27:Ancient Gaelic word meaning "king"
25:
619:Style of the monarchs of Scotland
572:Style of the monarchs of Scotland
799:Dictionary of the Irish Language
585:
466:
230:The three traditional grades of
192:
1010:, "The Historical Macbeth", in
739:Rex omnium prouiciarum Pictorum
226:Early Irish law § Kingship
1118:University of California Press
1114:Ancient Indo-European Dialects
1:
653:There were also a number of
425:, the actual text thereof).
351:in Ireland at any one time.
139:There were three grades of
1171:
1145:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
1012:Moray: Province and People
1002:Cambridge University Press
988:Irish Kings and High-Kings
829:: "Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla"
657:, who are commonly styled
623:Scotland had a variety of
616:
497:
391:A "king of over-kings", a
223:
29:
633:in the English language.
1037:FitzPatrick, Elizabeth,
397:was often a provincial (
326:('king of bands'), also
303:Kings of Thira Dha Locha
185:Three traditional grades
1032:The Cycles of the Kings
998:Early Christian Ireland
978:The Discovery Programme
885:13 October 2020 at the
719:
705:
698:
691:
682:
673:
625:
549:
512:
506:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
347:
340:
334:
332:('king of tribes') or
328:
322:
291:
285:
276:
268:
258:
252:
232:
177:
171:
165:
159:
148:
141:
1041:. Boydell Press. 2004.
994:Charles-Edwards, T. M.
909:, king etc., on dil.ie
738:
731:
712:
663:
500:Malcolm II of Scotland
163:'king of tribes' or a
130:
119:
110:
101:
90:
74:
1155:Scottish royal houses
567:High King of Scotland
379:Kings of Iar Connacht
1093:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh
542:High King of Ireland
256:(king of peaks), or
1150:Kingdom of Scotland
1047:, "Scottish Gaelic
846:on 18 February 2020
804:Royal Irish Academy
669:Macbeth of Scotland
412:ri bunaid cach cinn
181:'king of a tribe'.
175:'king of peaks' or
32:RI (disambiguation)
1102:Richter, Michael,
732:Scottorum Basileus
597:. You can help by
478:. You can help by
204:. You can help by
1120:. pp. 29–50.
1065:MacCotter, Paul,
984:Byrne, Francis J.
974:Four Courts Press
966:Bhreathnach, Edel
946:978-0-7864-3405-3
920:"Annála Connacht"
643:Lords of Galloway
638:Lord of the Isles
615:
614:
547:In Scotland, the
535:Lugaid Riab nDerg
496:
495:
453:Kings of Leinster
448:Kings of Connacht
369:Kings of Uí Maine
222:
221:
48:), is an ancient
16:(Redirected from
1162:
1110:Watkins, Calvert
1055:(1986): 138–141.
1008:Cowan, Edward J.
952:
950:
930:
924:
923:
916:
910:
904:
898:
895:
889:
876:
870:
869:
862:
856:
855:
853:
851:
842:. Archived from
836:
830:
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794:
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708:
701:
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685:
676:
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491:
488:
470:
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438:Kings of Munster
423:Táin Bó Cúailnge
420:
414:
408:
402:
396:
374:Kings of Moylurg
364:Kings of Breifne
359:Kings of Osraige
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21:
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1161:
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1159:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1083:Nicholls, K. W.
1034:. Oxford. 1946.
1030:Dillon, Myles,
961:
956:
955:
947:
939:. p. 119.
932:
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927:
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901:
896:
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887:Wayback Machine
877:
873:
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863:
859:
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833:
827:Niall Ó Dónaill
825:
821:
814:
796:
795:
791:
786:
778:Ríg (Norse god)
749:
648:Lords of Argyle
621:
611:
605:
602:
595:needs expansion
580:
502:
492:
486:
483:
476:needs expansion
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433:Kings of Ulster
389:
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308:Kings of Umaill
274:, although one
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70:Scottish Gaelic
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768:Irish nobility
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655:Kings of Moray
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40:, or commonly
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1018:Dillon, Myles
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593:This section
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474:This section
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451:
449:
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443:Kings of Mide
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200:This section
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1135:Royal titles
1113:
1103:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1031:
1027:(1973): 1–8.
1021:
1011:
997:
987:
969:
935:
928:
914:
902:
897:Byrne, p. 41
893:
874:
860:
848:. Retrieved
844:the original
834:
822:
797:
792:
725:
679:
652:
630:
622:
603:
599:adding to it
594:
559:
555:
546:
523:
503:
484:
480:adding to it
475:
427:
390:
385:
353:
319:
314:
297:
282:
266:of a single
249:
244:
229:
210:
206:adding to it
201:
154:
146:
138:
82:
66:Modern Irish
41:
37:
36:
1140:Irish kings
692:Ard Ríg Toí
531:Cú Chulainn
1129:Categories
972:. Dublin:
959:References
753:White Wand
677:of Moray.
617:See also:
519:suzerainty
513:rí ruirech
498:See also:
428:Examples:
418:rí ruirech
394:rí ruirech
386:Rí ruirech
354:Examples:
298:Examples:
264:petty king
259:rí túaithe
224:See also:
178:rí túaithe
400:rí cóicid
323:rí buiden
315:Rí buiden
166:rí buiden
155:overking'
92:rex/regis
883:Archived
806:. 1990.
747:See also
713:Airdrígh
659:mormaers
578:Scotland
526:Lia Fáil
345:genuine
329:rí túath
160:rí túath
116:Sanskrit
62:Scottish
46:genitive
18:Overking
1099:. 1975.
1023:Celtica
1004:. 2000.
980:. 2005.
968:(ed.),
850:26 June
763:Tigerna
706:Aird-Rí
341:rí benn
286:rí benn
253:rí benn
245:Rí benn
172:rí benn
98:Spanish
80:Gaulish
1051:", in
1049:morair
943:
810:
758:Flaith
720:Airdrí
683:Ard Rí
550:Ard Rí
507:ard rí
459:Ard Rí
127:German
125:, and
107:French
72:it is
50:Gaelic
907:ruiri
784:Notes
773:Ollam
699:Ardrí
674:Ruiri
631:lords
556:earls
406:ruiri
348:ruiri
335:ruiri
292:túath
277:túath
270:túath
149:ruiri
132:Reich
87:Latin
58:Irish
976:for
941:ISBN
852:2007
808:ISBN
504:The
153:or '
145:: a
121:raja
75:rìgh
60:and
54:king
601:.
482:.
236:in
208:.
111:roi
102:rey
83:Rix
42:ríg
1131::
1116:.
1095:,
1085:,
1075:,
1025:10
1000:.
996:,
986:,
881:;
802:.
686::
664:rí
626:rí
562:.
560:Rí
320:A
250:A
233:rí
142:rí
136:.
114:,
105:,
96:,
85:,
38:Rí
951:)
949:.
922:.
868:.
854:.
816:.
608:)
604:(
489:)
485:(
215:)
211:(
44:(
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20:)
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