467:
main body that was parallelepipedal in form, two solar panels, each with a solar-oriented experiment package (SOEP), two orbital plane experiment packages (OPEP) and six appendages EP-1 through EP-6 supporting the boom experiment packages. One face of the main body was designed to point toward the Earth (+Z axis), and the line connecting the two solar panels (X axis) was intended to be perpendicular to the Earth-Sun-spacecraft plane. The solar panels were able to rotate about the X axis. The OPEPs were mounted on and could rotate about an axis which was parallel to the Z axis and attached to the main body. Due to a boom deployment failure shortly after orbital injection, the spacecraft was put into a permanent spin mode of 5 rpm about the Z axis. This spin axis remained fixed with a declination of about -10 deg and right ascension of about 40 deg at launch. The initial local time of apogee was 2100 h. OGO 1 carried 20 experiments. Twelve of these were particle studies and two were magnetic field studies. In addition, there was one experiment for each of the following types of studies: interplanetary dust, VLF, Lyman-alpha, gegenschein, atmospheric mass, and radio astronomy. Real-time data were transmitted at 1, 8, or 64 kbs depending on the distance of the spacecraft from the Earth. Playback data were tape recorded at 1 kbs and transmitted at 64 kbs. Two wideband transmitters, one feeding into an omnidirectional antenna and the other feeding into a directional antenna, were used to transmit data. A special-purpose telemetry system, feeding into either antenna, was also used to transmit wideband data in real time only. Tracking was accomplished by using radio beacons and a range and range-rate S-band transponder. Because of the boom deployment failure, the best operating mode for the data handling system was the use of one of the wideband transmitters and the directional antenna. All data received from the omnidirectional antenna were noisy. During
September 1964, acceptable data were received over 70% of the orbital path. By June 1969, data acquisition was limited to 10% of the orbital path. The spacecraft was placed in a standby status November 25, 1969, and all support was terminated November 1, 1971. By April 1970 the spacecraft perigee had increased to 46,000 km and the inclination had increased to 58.8 deg.
90:) so that one of the long faces (0.9 × 1.8 m) permanently points towards Earth. On this face, as well as on the opposite face, a surface of 0.6 m² is available for scientific experiments. The attitude control system is also responsible for keeping the solar panels continuously oriented perpendicularly to the solar rays. The cubic SOEP (Solar Oriented Experiment Package) receptacles, attached to the ends of the solar panels on both faces, can accommodate experiments on a surface of 0.1 m². At one end of the satellite's body, two OPEP-1 (Orbital Plane Experiment Package) and OPEP-2 experiment sets are mounted on an adjustable support that keeps them oriented in the direction of the satellite's forward movement. Two booms, 5.7 meters long (EP-5 and EP-6) and four booms, 1.8 meters long (EP-1 to EP-4), hold scientific experiments at their ends that must be kept away from the satellite's body to meet visibility or sensitivity constraints. Additionally, the satellite is equipped with several antennas for telecommunications, the most prominent being an adjustable
105:. It allows the satellite to be stabilized on 3 axes with an accuracy of 2° relative to the local vertical, 5° relative to the Sun's direction, and 5° relative to the forward movement axis. The thermal control system uses louvers that open and close to maintain a temperature of 10 to 24°C within the satellite's body and thermal resistors for scientific experiments mounted outside. Electrical power is provided by solar panels that produce 550 watts, of which 50 watts are available for scientific experiments. The energy is stored in two 28-volt
485:
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The purpose of the OGO 1 spacecraft, the first of a series of six
Orbiting Geophysical Observatories, was to conduct diversified geophysical experiments to obtain a better understanding of the Earth as a planet and to develop and operate a standardized observatory-type satellite. OGO 1 consisted of a
94:. The scientific experiments may have their own antenna, like the one shown in the diagram extending 9 meters from the SOEP-1 experiment on the solar panel. The satellite typically has twelve appendages deployed in orbit in two sequences to avoid any interference.
28:
113:. Scientific data can be transmitted in real-time or stored temporarily on one of two magnetic tape recorders with a recording speed of 1 to 4 kilobits per second and a reading speed of 64 to 128 kilobits per second.
528:(ATLAS), also funded by PDCO, independently observed the object. Further observations were conducted by CSS to confirm the object’s trajectory. Precision orbit calculations were conducted by the Center for
508:
middle school students also observed the 250-pound (110 kg) object. Maui Waena
Intermediate School eighth-graders Holden Suzuki and Wilson Chau, with mentor outreach astronomer J.D. Armstrong of the
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544:, but in fact Orbiting Geophysical Observatory-1 (OGO-1). OGO-1 reentered Earth's atmosphere and disintegrated on Saturday evening, 29 August 2020 over Southern
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All OGO satellites are built around a common parallelepiped-shaped platform (0.9 × 0.9 × 1.8 m). The satellite's orientation is maintained fixed in space (
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66:, despite a number of technical problems. Each satellite had 20 to 25 instruments. The project manager for all 6 OGO projects was
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504:(PDCO), detected an object late in the evening of 25 August 2020 which appeared to be on an impact trajectory with Earth. Two
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launched by the United States that were in use from
September 1964 to 1972, designed to study the
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759:"Vintage NASA satellite falls to Earth, meets fiery doom after 56 years in space"
109:. The telecommunications system ensures data transfer at a rate between 1 and 64
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This article about one or more spacecraft of the United States is a
58:. The satellites successfully studied the interactions between the
540:'s NEO Coordination Center. The object was confirmed to be not an
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In 1970 OGO-5 used its ultraviolet photometer to observe comets
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705:"NASA's OGO-1 Spacecraft to Return Home over the Weekend"
944:
97:
The attitude control system relies on horizon sensors,
732:"Maui Teens Track Space Satellite Plummeting to Earth"
673:"Orbiting Geophysical Observatory series satellites"
853:"First 'Streetcar' Satellites To Be Built for NASA"
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477:
922:Biography of Wilfred Scull, OGO project manager
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698:
696:
526:Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System
454:Drawing of OGO satellite' deployment sequence
8:
820:French, B. M.; Maran, S. P. (January 1981).
653:Jackson, J. E.; Vette, J. I. (1975-01-01).
634:Jackson, J. E.; Vette, J. I. (1975-01-01).
524:to track OGO-1. The University of Hawaii's
971:
957:
134:
599:"Scientific Satellite Set For Launching"
128:; OGO 2, OGO 4, and OGO 6 were in lower
584:Jackson, J. E. and Vette, J. I. (1975)
577:
738:. Reston, VA: SpaceRef Interactive Inc
474:
861:. Hearst Headline Service. p. 4M
502:Planetary Defense Coordination Office
7:
929:
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851:Hartt, Julian (December 26, 1960).
687:"OGO-1 NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1964-054A"
120:Atlas-SLV3A Agena-D launching OGO 5
995:Satellites formerly orbiting Earth
943:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
757:Bartels, Meghan (31 August 2020).
703:Talbert, Tricia (27 August 2020).
25:
520:(LCO) Faulkes Telescope North on
931:
897:"U.S. to Launch Giant Satellite"
883:. December 26, 1960. p. A13
536:, and compared to data from the
532:(NEO) Studies (CNEOS) at NASA’s
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124:OGO 1, OGO 3, and OGO 5 were in
36:Orbiting Geophysical Observatory
1000:United States spacecraft stubs
615:. September 4, 1964. p. 7
1:
909:. August 30, 1964. p. B8
822:"A Meeting With The Universe"
782:Sekanina, Z (December 1991).
496:The University of Arizona's
730:Gal, Roy (29 August 2020).
1016:
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902:Spartanburg Herald-Journal
562:Tago-Sato-Kosaka (1969 IX)
516:(IfA), used data from the
990:Satellites orbiting Earth
534:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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462:Artist's concept of OGO 1
500:(CSS), funded by NASA’s
107:nickel-cadmium batteries
518:Las Cumbres Observatory
514:Institute for Astronomy
552:Non-Earth observations
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655:"OGO program summary"
636:"OGO program summary"
538:European Space Agency
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119:
81:
30:
511:University of Hawaii
875:"Space 'Streetcar'"
800:1991JRASC..85..324S
659:Special Publication
640:Special Publication
586:OGO Program Summary
498:Catalina Sky Survey
111:kilobits per second
858:Milwaukee Sentinel
784:"Encke, the comet"
464:
456:
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339:27 September 1971
298:14 September 1981
254:17 September 1981
122:
99:cold gas thrusters
84:
46:refers to the six
33:
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951:
566:Bennett (1970 II)
530:Near-Earth Object
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446:(195D) with OGO 1
444:Atlas-LV3 Agena B
432:
431:
295:29 February 1972
220:Thor-LV3 Agena D
174:Atlas-LV3 Agena B
170:4 September 1964
126:equatorial orbits
88:3-axis stabilized
16:(Redirected from
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613:Associated Press
609:Hopkinsville, KY
604:Kentucky New Era
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546:French Polynesia
489:Video of reentry
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428:12 October 1979
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82:OGO 1 components
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880:The Modesto Bee
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675:. NASA HEASARC.
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159:End of mission
103:reaction wheels
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31:OGO-6 satellite
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794:(6): 324–376.
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42:) Program of
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661:: III-5 to 6.
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642:: III-2 to 5.
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471:OGO-1 reentry
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425:14 July 1972
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381:14 July 1972
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350:4 March 1968
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306:28 July 1967
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266:Atlas-Agena B
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68:Wilfred Scull
65:
61:
57:
56:magnetosphere
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
29:
19:
945:expanding it
938:
911:. Retrieved
900:
885:. Retrieved
878:
863:. Retrieved
856:
830:. Retrieved
825:
815:
803:. Retrieved
791:
787:
777:
766:. Retrieved
762:
752:
740:. Retrieved
736:SpaceRef.com
735:
725:
713:. Retrieved
708:
681:
667:
658:
648:
639:
629:
617:. Retrieved
602:
593:
580:
555:
495:
465:
392:5 June 1969
384:2 July 2011
310:Thor-Agena D
262:7 June 1966
141:Launch date
130:polar orbits
123:
96:
92:Yagi antenna
85:
39:
35:
34:
913:December 6,
887:December 6,
865:December 6,
619:December 6,
984:Categories
845:References
768:2020-08-31
389:OGO 6 (F)
374:× 148 228
347:OGO 5 (E)
303:OGO 4 (D)
288:× 122 173
259:OGO 3 (B)
249:1 November
214:OGO 2 (C)
204:1 November
196:× 149 385
167:OGO 1 (A)
138:Satellite
48:satellites
832:29 August
763:Space.com
742:29 August
715:29 August
689:. NSSDCA.
522:Haleakala
422:, 82.00°
401:1969-051A
378:, 31.13°
357:1968-014A
336:, 86.03°
315:1967-073A
292:, 31.39°
271:1966-049A
245:, 87.43°
224:1965-081A
179:1964-054A
826:NASA.gov
709:NASA.gov
542:asteroid
418:× 1 089
241:× 1 517
162:Reentry
62:and the
805:25 July
796:Bibcode
200:37.10°
147:COSPAR
144:Rocket
828:. NASA
711:. NASA
405:03986
361:03138
332:× 903
319:02895
275:02195
228:01620
183:00879
156:Orbit
150:NORAD
101:, and
572:Notes
558:Encke
435:OGO 1
251:1971
206:1971
153:Mass
60:Earth
52:Earth
18:OGO-6
941:stub
915:2010
889:2010
867:2010
834:2020
807:2020
744:2020
717:2020
621:2010
564:and
506:Maui
414:397
408:632
370:232
364:611
328:411
322:562
284:319
278:515
237:415
231:520
192:282
186:487
44:NASA
64:Sun
54:'s
40:OGO
986::
905:.
899:.
877:.
855:.
824:.
792:85
790:.
786:.
761:.
734:.
707:.
695:^
657:.
638:.
611:.
607:.
601:.
568:.
560:,
548:.
420:km
416:km
410:kg
376:km
372:km
366:kg
334:km
330:km
324:kg
290:km
286:km
280:kg
243:km
239:km
233:kg
198:km
194:km
188:kg
132:.
70:.
972:e
965:t
958:v
947:.
917:.
891:.
869:.
836:.
809:.
798::
771:.
746:.
719:.
623:.
38:(
20:)
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