20:
182:
In 1987 the governor was invested with the power to relocate and evacuate whole settlements, villages or hamlets. In April 1990, Decree 413 was issued which allowed the regional governor to ban, confiscate or fine publications, shut down printing plants, control all workers union activities, require
54:. From 1994 onwards the scope of the OHAL super-region was gradually narrowed, with provinces being downgraded to "neighbouring province" and then removed from OHAL altogether. The state of emergency was extended 46 times, for four months each time. OHAL was finally discontinued on 30 November 2002.
187:
and was enabled to coordinate actions between them as well the right to exile people from the area he governed. With the same decree the regional governor and the provincial governors were issued with an immunity against any legal prosecution in connections with actions they made due to the powers
316:
and 572 civilians lost their lives because of exploding mines or bombs. In the region 1,248 political killings had happened. Among them 750 had been clarified, while in 421 cases the murderers had not been determined. Eighteen people had died in custody and 194 people "disappeared". Some had been
317:
found in prison, in good health or dead, but 132 were still missing. There had been 1,275 complaints of torture and in 1,177 cases investigations had been initiated. In 296 trials against civil servants 60 had resulted in conviction, while in 56 of them the sentences had been suspended.
183:
prosecutors to open legal processes who violate decree 413, evacuate villages without a notice issued in advance, relocate harmful state employees and send to exile people to other parts in Turkey. In
December 1990, with the Decree No. 430 he received authority over the
114:) that appointed a regional governor for the state of emergency. The region became known as the OHAL Region (also called the State of Emergency Region, the Emergency Region Governorate, the Emergency Rule Region etc.).
266:
violations in the region under emergency legislation (OHAL) between 1987 and 2002. These are official figures, since they were given in reply to a request of
Diyarbakır deputy
721:
686:
353:
47:
791:
736:
586:
786:
776:
741:
746:
781:
731:
336:
499:
419:
761:
771:
751:
648:
756:
567:
524:
463:
766:
437:
348:
610:
51:
726:
200:
700:
166:
on 30 July 2002. On 30 November 2002, OHAL status was lifted completely. Emergency legislation was in force in
627:
583:
328:
167:
67:
171:
135:
127:
71:
206:
243:
95:
46:'Governorship of Region in State of Emergency') was a "super-region" created in Turkey under
230:
491:
411:
339:. It has been renewed for three months several times. It has been permanently lifted in July 2018
325:
259:
62:
A new era started with the declaration of a region under emergency legislation in the provinces of
41:
224:
332:
267:
541:
147:
63:
188:
they received with the Decree No. 430. In the OHAL region journalists were not granted access.
639:
563:
520:
495:
459:
415:
134:
became a neighboring province. From the end of 1994, the region was slowly decreased. Firstly
643:
483:
403:
360:
163:
159:
87:
75:
32:
652:
614:
590:
441:
389:
131:
123:
99:
79:
484:
404:
103:
673:
218:
151:
83:
23:
Red: OHAL provinces, orange: neighbouring provinces, 1987–2002, largest extent of OHAL
715:
582:
The dates are mentioned in a text of the dialogue circle "War in Turkey" (German) on
384:
212:
434:
313:
263:
155:
91:
603:
270:
of 29 January 2003 to the
Defence Ministry. The response dates 28 February 2003.
262:
and Serdar Yavuz (both working in
Diyarbakır) presented some figures concerning
139:
672:) of the Association of Academic Research and Solidarity, September 2005. The
146:
was "downgraded" to a neighbouring province. The same happened to Batman,
184:
701:"Türkiye'de OHAL 18 Temmuz'da sona eriyor | DW | 13.07.2018"
250:). Some people argued that this was another form of the OHAL regime.
143:
150:
and Bitlis provinces in 1997. Emergency legislation was lifted in
18:
517:
Destroying Ethnic
Identity: The Kurds of Turkey : an Update
246:
have declared parts of the former OHAL region as security zone (
540:
Norwegian
Refugee Council/Global IDP Project (4 October 2002).
19:
687:"Turkey declares three-month state of emergency - Turkey News"
196:
The regional governors (also called "super governors") were:
560:
Zones of
Rebellion: Kurdish Insurgents and the Turkish State
227:(1997–1999; died on duty because of a heart attack in 1999)
110:) on 19 July 1987. The legal basis was Cabinet Decree 285 (
142:
was no longer counted as a neighbouring province. In 1996
16:
138:was excluded under emergency legislation, then
628:special report of the Democratic Turkey Forum
8:
486:The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds
406:The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds
354:Martial law and state of emergency in Turkey
258:In an article of September 2005 the lawyers
50:legislation, as part of its approach to the
676:is in Turkish; accessed on 4 September 2009
558:Aydin, Aysegul; Emrence, Cem (2015-04-23).
542:"Profile of internal displacement: Turkey"
722:Former administrative divisions of Turkey
562:. Cornell University Press. p. 138.
130:became part of the OHAL region. In 1994,
277:
456:The PKK: Coming Down from the Mountains
444:(Turkish); accessed on 4 September 2009
390:'Olağanüstü hal' 30 kasımda bitiyor...
371:
458:. London: Zed Books Ltd. p. 101.
379:
377:
375:
215:(February 21, 1992 – November 1, 1995)
178:Powers given to the regional governor
106:provinces as neighbouring provinces (
7:
666:Journal for Social Sciences Research
477:
475:
209:(August 17, 1991 – January 29, 1992)
203:(January 12, 1987 – August 2, 1991)
112:285 sayılı Kanun Hükmünde Kararname
670:Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi
519:. Human Rights Watch. p. 13.
14:
792:Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)
664:The article was published in the
454:White, Doctor Paul (2015-08-15).
787:2002 disestablishments in Turkey
337:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
645:OHAL’in adı yok, uygulaması var
617:; accessed on September 4, 2009
593:; accessed on September 4, 2009
312:In addition 371 members of the
737:History of Diyarbakır Province
655:; accessed on 7 September 2009
630:; accessed on 7 September 2009
392:; accessed on 4 September 2009
254:Balance sheet of 15 years OHAL
1:
782:1987 establishments in Turkey
602:The names can be found in an
584:Parliamentarian break a Taboo
273:The death toll was given as:
37:Olağanüstü Hâl Bölge Valiliği
174:until the very end of OHAL.
762:History of Tunceli Province
747:History of Hakkâri Province
335:(OHAL) in Turkey after the
122:In 1990, the newly created
808:
777:History of Şırnak Province
772:History of Batman Province
752:History of Mardin Province
742:History of Elazığ Province
732:History of Bingöl Province
118:Extension from 1990 - 2002
58:Extension from 1987 - 1990
757:History of Siirt Province
482:Jongerden, Joost (2007).
402:Jongerden, Joost (2007).
154:on 30 November 1999, in
52:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
767:History of Van Province
613:7 December 2008 at the
331:declared a three-month
321:2016 state of emergency
158:on 30 July 2000 and in
94:and the declaration of
515:Whitman, Lois (1990).
36:
24:
604:article of the daily
349:Inspectorates-General
22:
435:Text of decision 285
388:, 22 November 2002,
329:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
244:Turkish Armed Forces
185:provincial governors
168:Diyarbakır Province
651:2012-02-27 at the
589:2012-02-26 at the
490:. Brill. pp.
440:2013-02-26 at the
410:. Brill. pp.
333:state of emergency
48:state of emergency
25:
727:Turkish Kurdistan
640:Firat News Agency
501:978-90-47-42011-8
421:978-90-47-42011-8
326:Turkish President
308:
307:
201:Hayri Kozakçıoğlu
192:List of governors
164:Tunceli Provinces
45:
799:
705:
704:
697:
691:
690:
683:
677:
662:
656:
642:, 14 June 2009,
637:
631:
624:
618:
600:
594:
580:
574:
573:
555:
549:
548:
546:
537:
531:
530:
512:
506:
505:
489:
479:
470:
469:
451:
445:
432:
426:
425:
409:
399:
393:
381:
361:Saturday Mothers
278:
260:Sezgin Tanrıkulu
248:güvenlik bölgesi
207:Necati Çetinkaya
172:Şırnak Provinces
160:Hakkari Province
128:Şırnak Provinces
40:
807:
806:
802:
801:
800:
798:
797:
796:
712:
711:
708:
699:
698:
694:
685:
684:
680:
663:
659:
653:Wayback Machine
638:
634:
625:
621:
615:Wayback Machine
608:of 31 July 2002
601:
597:
591:Wayback Machine
581:
577:
570:
557:
556:
552:
544:
539:
538:
534:
527:
514:
513:
509:
502:
481:
480:
473:
466:
453:
452:
448:
442:Wayback Machine
433:
429:
422:
401:
400:
396:
382:
373:
369:
345:
323:
256:
242:Since 2002 the
240:
194:
180:
148:Bingöl Province
136:Elazığ Province
132:Bitlis Province
124:Batman Province
120:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
805:
803:
795:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
714:
713:
707:
706:
692:
678:
674:online edition
657:
632:
619:
595:
575:
568:
550:
532:
525:
507:
500:
471:
464:
446:
427:
420:
394:
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
357:
356:
351:
344:
341:
322:
319:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
299:
295:
294:
289:
287:Security staff
284:
255:
252:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:Gökhan Aydıner
228:
222:
219:Necati Bilican
216:
210:
204:
193:
190:
179:
176:
152:Siirt Province
119:
116:
59:
56:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
804:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
710:
702:
696:
693:
688:
682:
679:
675:
671:
667:
661:
658:
654:
650:
647:
646:
641:
636:
633:
629:
623:
620:
616:
612:
609:
607:
599:
596:
592:
588:
585:
579:
576:
571:
569:9780801456206
565:
561:
554:
551:
547:. p. 78.
543:
536:
533:
528:
526:9780929692630
522:
518:
511:
508:
503:
497:
493:
488:
487:
478:
476:
472:
467:
465:9781783600403
461:
457:
450:
447:
443:
439:
436:
431:
428:
423:
417:
413:
408:
407:
398:
395:
391:
387:
386:
380:
378:
376:
372:
366:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
342:
340:
338:
334:
330:
327:
320:
318:
315:
303:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
274:
271:
269:
265:
261:
253:
251:
249:
245:
237:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
197:
191:
189:
186:
177:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
117:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
53:
49:
43:
38:
34:
30:
21:
709:
695:
681:
669:
665:
660:
644:
635:
622:
605:
598:
578:
559:
553:
535:
516:
510:
485:
455:
449:
430:
405:
397:
383:
324:
314:armed forces
311:
291:
286:
281:
272:
264:human rights
257:
247:
241:
225:Aydın Arslan
195:
181:
156:Van Province
121:
111:
107:
61:
28:
26:
268:Mesut Değer
233:(1999–2002)
221:(1995–1997)
29:OHAL region
716:Categories
385:Yeni Şafak
367:References
213:Ünal Erkan
108:Mücavir İl
68:Diyarbakır
292:Militants
282:Civilians
238:Aftermath
649:Archived
611:Archived
606:Evrensel
587:Archived
438:Archived
343:See also
140:Adıyaman
96:Adıyaman
304:25,344
88:Tunceli
76:Hakkari
44:
33:Turkish
566:
523:
498:
494:-142.
462:
418:
144:Mardin
100:Bitlis
80:Mardin
72:Elazığ
64:Bingöl
545:(PDF)
301:3,541
298:5,105
84:Siirt
626:See
564:ISBN
521:ISBN
496:ISBN
460:ISBN
416:ISBN
170:and
162:and
126:and
102:and
90:and
42:lit.
27:The
492:141
412:138
104:Muş
92:Van
718::
474:^
414:.
374:^
98:,
86:,
82:,
78:,
74:,
70:,
66:,
39:,
35::
703:.
689:.
668:(
572:.
529:.
504:.
468:.
424:.
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
