117:
solar photovoltaic cells which powered the spacecraft. The critical bearing between the Wheel and the Sail was a major feature of the design, as it had to operate smoothly for months in the hard vacuum of space without normal lubrication. It also carried both the power from the Sail and the data from the pointed solar instruments to the Wheel, where most of the spacecraft functions were located. Additional science instruments could also be located in the Wheel, generally looking out on a rotating radius vector which scanned the sky, and also across the Sun, every few seconds.
143:, and although the third stage managed to separate itself, it suffered from an 18% drop in thrust. The OSO spacecraft could not attain orbital velocity and instead fell back into the atmosphere and burned up. The failure was suspected to have been caused by a modification to the igniter mechanism in the third stage after some minor technical difficulties experienced on the previous Delta C launch (TIROS 10 on 2 Jul).
1497:
49:
331:) program was developed in the mid 1960s as a more advanced version of the OSO series. Conceived as a polar-orbiting satellite system, these spacecraft would continuously monitor the Sun and surrounding environment with detectors and electronic imaging ranging from x-rays to visual light. Due to budget constraints, the AOSO program was cancelled in 1965. Instead, it was replaced by the OSO-I,
41:
138:
never made it to orbit. Liftoff took place on 25 August 1965 and all went well through the second stage burn. During the coasting phase prior to third stage separation, its rocket motor ignited prematurely. This registered on ground readouts as an attitude disturbance followed by loss of second stage
116:
The basic design of the entire series featured a rotating section, the "Wheel", to provide gyroscopic stability. A second section, the "Sail", was driven electrically against the Wheel's rotation, and stabilized to point at the Sun. The Sail carried pointed solar instruments, and also the array of
131:
booster when a technician accidentally ignited the booster through static electricity. The third-stage motor activated, launched itself and the satellite into the roof, and ricocheted into a corner of the facility until burning out. Three technicians were burned to death. The satellite, although
33:
1347:
132:
damaged, was able to be repaired using a combination of prototype parts, spare flight parts and new components. It was launched ten months later on 3 February 1965 and was designated OSO 2 on orbit.
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suffered an incident during integration and checkout activities on 14 April 1964. The satellite was inside the Spin Test
Facility at
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658:. Vol. 43, no. 12, 217. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 24 January 1969. p. 7
1146:
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796:. Vol. 47, no. 13, 243. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 2 October 1972. p. 4
72:, though they also included important non-solar experiments. Eight were launched successfully into
1131:
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550:. Vol. 41, no. 11, 627. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 3 March 1967. p. 4
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342:
Another satellite using the
Orbiting Solar Observatory platform was developed and launched: the
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306:
283:
Observed solar flares in the gamma ray spectrum. Collected data allowed for identification of
101:
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425:(Report). NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center. October 1966. N67-40193; TM X-55988.
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73:
65:
408:(Report). NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center. April 1966. N67-11368; TM X-55590.
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A Delta rocket launching OSO 8 on 21 June 1975, at Cape
Canaveral, Florida
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From Jars to the Stars: How Ball Came to Build a Comet-Hunting
Machine
346:-satellite. It was launched February 24, 1979. It was operated by the
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104:. OSO 8 was built by Hughes Space and Communications Company, in
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77:
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satellites. Only OSO-I, which became OSO 8, was ever launched.
32:
944:
350:
Space Test
Program. It was destroyed September 13, 1985 on an
100:, then known as Ball Brothers Research Corporation (BBRC), in
69:
260:
Observed three instances of hard X-ray coincidences with
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96:spectra. The initial seven (OSO 1–7) were built by
84:. Their primary mission was to observe an 11-year
364:Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
64:) Program was the name of a series of American
420:Delta Vehicle Flight Failure Report, Launch 33
929:
8:
403:History of Orbiting Solar Observatory, OSO-2
27:Series of American solar space observatories
936:
922:
914:
804:– via National Library of Australia.
666:– via National Library of Australia.
558:– via National Library of Australia.
758:"The Seventh Orbiting Solar Observatory"
145:
841:"The Eighth Orbiting Solar Observatory"
374:
703:"The Sixth Orbiting Solar Observatory"
620:"The Fifth Orbiting Solar Observatory"
512:"The Third Orbiting Solar Observatory"
209:from the Sun, as well as a flare from
7:
875:NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
325:Advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory
127:attached to the third stage of its
1316:Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer
1047:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
903:National Space Science Data Center
44:Orbiting Solar Observatory diagram
25:
1496:
1495:
68:primarily intended to study the
910:at NASA's Imagine the Universe
1:
956:List of heliophysics missions
392:Denver, CO.: Earthview Media.
845:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
762:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
707:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
624:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
516:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
239:Measured diffuse background
80:between 1962 and 1975 using
243:radiation from 14-200
1548:
1182:Orbiting Solar Observatory
1147:Intercosmos 26 (Koronas I)
1055:Solar Dynamics Observatory
816:"Trajectory Details OSO 8"
733:"Trajectory Details OSO 7"
678:"Trajectory Details OSO 6"
595:"Trajectory Details OSO 5"
570:"Trajectory Details OSO 4"
487:"Trajectory Details OSO 3"
462:"Trajectory Details OSO 2"
437:"Trajectory Details OSO 1"
58:Orbiting Solar Observatory
1532:Solar space observatories
1527:Satellites orbiting Earth
1491:
951:
542:"WATCH TO BE KEPT ON SUN"
960:List of solar telescopes
899:OSO 1 experiments record
650:"Safeguard for spacemen"
106:Culver City, California
1100:Apollo Telescope Mount
847:. NASA. Archived from
764:. NASA. Archived from
709:. NASA. Archived from
626:. NASA. Archived from
518:. NASA. Archived from
289:High-mass X-ray binary
53:
45:
37:
1248:Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9
1105:Coronas F (Koronas F)
388:18 March 2018 at the
51:
43:
35:
945:Solar space missions
1522:1962 in spaceflight
768:on 19 February 2014
1139:Hinotori (Astro-A)
1039:Parker Solar Probe
793:The Canberra Times
655:The Canberra Times
547:The Canberra Times
54:
46:
38:
1509:
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381:Todd Neff (2010)
321:
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276:29 September 1971
102:Boulder, Colorado
16:(Redirected from
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1300:Yohkoh (Solar-A)
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1023:Hinode (Solar-B)
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233:22 January 1969
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158:Notable results
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66:space telescopes
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1436:Solar Sentinels
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390:Wayback Machine
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354:-missile test.
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178:OSO 2 (OSO B2)
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74:low Earth orbit
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893:External links
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871:"Advanced OSO"
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315:galaxy cluster
305:Found an iron
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296:OSO 8 (OSO I)
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254:9 August 1969
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251:OSO 6 (OSO G)
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230:OSO 5 (OSO F)
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217:OSO 4 (OSO D)
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184:8 August 1989
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170:7 October 1981
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163:OSO 1 (OSO A)
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125:Cape Canaveral
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98:Ball Aerospace
86:sun spot cycle
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1431:Solar Cruiser
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1167:Koronas-Foton
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1063:Solar Orbiter
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309:in the X-ray
308:
307:emission line
304:
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299:21 June 1975
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257:7 March 1981
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236:2 April 1984
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223:14 June 1982
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202:4 April 1982
201:
199:8 March 1967
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166:7 March 1962
165:
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155:Re-entry date
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99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:Delta rockets
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:(abbreviated
59:
50:
42:
34:
30:
19:
1425:
1420:
1364:
1293:
1181:
1162:ICE / ISEE-3
1132:
1120:
1084:(since 1994)
1079:
1074:(since 2006)
1066:(since 2020)
1058:(since 2010)
1050:(since 1995)
1042:(since 2018)
1034:(since 2013)
1026:(since 2006)
1018:(since 2015)
1010:(since 2021)
1007:CHASE (Xihe)
1002:(since 2022)
987:(since 2023)
979:(since 1997)
879:. Retrieved
874:
865:
853:. Retrieved
849:the original
844:
835:
823:. Retrieved
819:
810:
798:. Retrieved
791:
782:
770:. Retrieved
766:the original
761:
752:
740:. Retrieved
736:
727:
715:. Retrieved
711:the original
706:
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685:. Retrieved
681:
672:
660:. Retrieved
653:
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632:. Retrieved
628:the original
623:
614:
602:. Retrieved
598:
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577:. Retrieved
573:
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552:. Retrieved
545:
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524:. Retrieved
520:the original
515:
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494:. Retrieved
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469:. Retrieved
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444:. Retrieved
440:
431:
414:
397:
377:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
322:
302:8 July 1986
280:8 July 1974
211:Scorpius X-1
207:solar flares
135:
134:
120:
119:
115:
61:
57:
55:
29:
1278:Spartan 201
995: [
881:5 September
855:5 September
825:5 September
772:5 September
742:5 September
717:5 September
687:5 September
634:5 September
604:5 September
579:5 September
526:5 September
496:5 September
471:5 September
446:5 September
152:Launch Date
149:Designation
1516:Categories
788:"IN BRIEF"
370:References
1466:Sun-Earth
1452:Pioneer E
1416:Pioneer H
1404:Cancelled
1258:Prognoz 6
1243:Pioneer 5
984:Aditya-L1
262:gamma ray
205:Observed
141:telemetry
1501:Category
1483:ACRIMSAT
1395:Sundiver
1378:Proposed
1273:SolarMax
386:Archived
358:See also
311:spectrum
285:Vela X-1
272:(OSO H)
264:bursts.
195:(OSO E1)
1385:ADAHELI
1348:TRACERS
1340:SWFO-L1
1324:PROBA-3
1309:Planned
1294:Ulysses
1253:PROBA-2
1231:Solwind
1177:MinXSS2
1172:MinXSS1
1127:GOES 13
1121:Genesis
1115:ESRO 2B
969:Current
800:3 April
662:3 April
554:3 April
344:Solwind
129:Delta C
112:History
1369:(2031)
1359:(2028)
1351:(2025)
1343:(2025)
1335:(2025)
1327:(2024)
1319:(2024)
1263:RHESSI
1238:PICARD
1157:ISEE-2
1152:ISEE-1
1133:Helios
1110:EURECA
1071:STEREO
1015:DSCOVR
877:. NASA
1473:SORCE
1457:OSO C
1426:OSO K
1421:OSO J
1365:Vigil
1332:PUNCH
1288:TRACE
1268:SOLAR
1226:OSO 8
1221:OSO 7
1216:OSO 6
1211:OSO 5
1206:OSO 4
1201:OSO 3
1196:OSO B
1192:OSO 2
1187:OSO 1
1143:IMP-8
999:]
992:ASO-S
908:OSO 1
423:(PDF)
406:(PDF)
337:OSO-K
333:OSO-J
313:of a
287:as a
270:OSO 7
241:X-ray
193:OSO 3
136:OSO C
121:OSO B
94:X-ray
36:OSO 4
18:OSO 2
1445:Lost
1411:AOSO
1390:SETH
1093:Past
1080:Wind
1031:IRIS
883:2014
857:2014
827:2014
820:NASA
802:2019
774:2014
744:2014
737:NASA
719:2014
689:2014
682:NASA
664:2019
636:2014
606:2014
599:NASA
581:2014
574:NASA
556:2019
528:2014
498:2014
491:NASA
473:2014
466:NASA
448:2014
441:NASA
352:ASAT
335:and
329:AOSO
323:The
92:and
78:NASA
56:The
1478:SXI
976:ACE
901:at
348:DoD
245:keV
88:in
76:by
70:Sun
62:OSO
1518::
997:fr
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90:UV
1194:/
937:e
930:t
923:v
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