259:: "Harriet Monroe at the time insisted, we'd better have a title for it, call it something. I said, I don't want to. She insisted; so, I said, alright, if I can define it in an essay, and I used two words, sincerity and objectification, and I was sorry immediately. But it's gone down into the history books; they forgot the founder, thank heavens, and kept the terms, and, of course, I said objectivist, and they said objectivism and that makes all the difference. Well, that was pretty bad, so then I spent the next thirty years trying to make it simple." It also seems that the core group did not see themselves as a coherent movement but rather as a group of individual poets with some shared approach to their art. As well as the matters covered in Zukofsky's essays, the elements of this approach included: a respect for Imagist achievement in the areas of
95:, became associated with the group. A number of other poets were included in early publications under the Objectivist rubric without actually sharing the attitudes and approaches to poetry of this core group. Although these poets generally suffered critical neglect, especially in their early careers, and a number of them abandoned the practice of writing and/or publishing poetry for a time, they were to prove highly influential for later generations of writers working in the tradition of
366:, stating that in sincerity "Writing occurs which is the detail, not mirage, of seeing, of thinking with the things as they exist, and of directing them along a line of melody", and that objectification relates to "the appearance of the art form as an object." This position echoes Pound's 1918 dictum (in an essay, "A Retrospective", in which he is looking back at Imagism) "I believe in technique as the test of a man's sincerity".
609:, R. B. N. Warriston and Jerry Reisman. The anthology served to highlight the differences between these poets as much as their shared attitudes to writing. Much of the difference stemmed from Zukofsky's insistence on form over content, which conflicted with many of the other poets' concern with the real world. As Rakosi would later write: "if Reznikoff was an Objectivist, Zukofsky is not and never was one."
1878:
733:, Carl Rakosi also abandoned poetry, dedicating himself to a career as a social worker. Shortly after turning 21, Rakosi had legally changed his name to Callman Rawley under which name he served as the head of the Minneapolis Jewish Children's and Family Service from 1945 until his retirement in 1968. An unexpected letter received from the English poet
1117:(or so it may be argued at a first reading) DuPlessis has played a crucial role in the dissemination and survival of Objectivist poetry and poetics well into the 21st century. The life of a man such as Oppen made a lasting impression on DuPlessis. DuPlessis gained Oppen's trust as well and she was given the opportunity of editing Oppen's
561:: both of which are weighted with as much epos and historical destiny as one man can perhaps resolve. Those who do not believe this are too sure that the little words mean nothing among so many other words." This concern is also reflected in Oppen's statement "if we still possessed the word 'is', there would be no need to write poems".
299:; this was arranged for by Pound and edited by Zukofsky (Vol. 37, No. 5). In addition to poems by Rakosi, Zukofsky, Reznikoff, George Oppen, Basil Bunting and William Carlos Williams, Zukofsky included work by a number of poets who would have little or no further association with the group: Howard Weeks,
1108:
to name a few. Their poetry continues the
Objectivist obsession with language, ethics, and world and often addresses modern, urban, Jewish life, both secular and religious. DuPlessis, on first glance, seems an exception to this list. Her poetry seems not to immediately possess the so-called themes of
706:
to escape the strongly anti-Communist political atmosphere of the times. It would be 1958 before Oppen wrote any further poetry. The Oppens returned to New York in 1960, and George went on to publish six books of poetry between 1962 and 1978, by which time he was finding it increasingly difficult to
820:
in 1946. As was the case for many of the other
Objectivists, a combination of critical neglect and personal circumstances meant that this early publication was followed by a longish period of poetic silence during which she was unable to find a publisher for her work. Although she continued writing
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special issue. However, they did have an immediate impact, especially on the work of their two
Imagist mentors, Williams and Pound. Williams and Zukofsky were to maintain a lifelong personal and creative relationship which was to prove important for both men. For Zukofsky, the example of Williams
619:
a small press organized by
Zukofsky, Reznikoff and George and Mary Oppen, and funded from Oppen's small private income. Zukofsky acted as general editor from New York City, for which he drew a small monthly salary, and the Oppen's arranged for the books' typesetting and printing from
1112:
As a young woman and university student, DuPlessis began a lifelong correspondence with Oppen and was deeply influenced by Oppen's integrity, sincerity, and courage. Though establishing herself as a poet with tendencies and obsessions at some remove from an
Objectivist
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helped to keep him focused on external realities and things. For
Williams, Zukofsky served as a reminder of the importance of form. As Mark Scroggins writes, "from Zukofsky, Williams learned to shape his often amorphous verse into more sharply chiselled measures."
552:
that is not explicitly addressed in these essays is an interest in exploiting the resonances of small, everyday words. As
Zukofsky was to write some time later (in 1946), "a case can be made for the poet giving some of his life to the use of the words
468:
Of his own poetry, Zukofsky chose to include "A" — Seventh
Movement, the first part of a six-page section from what was to become an 800-page poem. This extract takes as its subject a set of roadworks in the street outside his New York home:
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Reaction to the issue was not uniformly welcoming, and the March 1931 issue of the magazine contained a hostile response by the editor herself under the title "The
Arrogance of Youth". Monroe was particularly angered by Zukofsky's rejection of
811:
In 1933, Niedecker visited
Zukofsky in New York, where she and Zukofsky were rumored to have had a brief affair. She soon returned to her home in rural Wisconsin, a landscape that was to influence much of her later writing. Her first book,
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was to be the major concern of the remainder of Zukofsky's writing life. As the poem progressed, formal considerations tended to be foregrounded more and more, with Zukofsky applying a wide range of devices and approaches, from the
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The Oppens returned to the United States in 1932 and, together with Zukofsky, Williams, and Reznikoff, went on to form the Objectivist Press to publish more books of Objectivist work. The first titles to appear were Williams'
1155:: "three-phase Objectivism". Though unclear, precisely, who coined the phrase, this rubric offers a useful way of dealing with the intercession of the Objectivist poets into our consciousness. Writes Silliman:
1159:: .. the process requires you to position yourself within the terrain of a poetics. All any literary formation is, in one sense, is just such a process carried out consciously, collectively & in public.
198:, not far from Zukofsky. Zukofsky and Williams quickly became close friends and were to be literary collaborators for the rest of Williams's life. Another of Zukofsky's literary mentors at this period was
1151:
Amidst the continuous reappraisals, critical and otherwise, of the legacy and literary formation of the Objectivists, a well known mapping of the territory continues to be one put forth by poet
1144:. This younger generation were also drawn to the works of the other Objectivists, and their writings began to be more widely known in Britain. For example, it was a letter from the Revival poet
929:
Pound, too, was influenced by the Objectivist sense of form, their focus on everyday vocabulary, and their interests in politics, economics and specifically American subject matter. The critic
194:. Pound also provided an introduction to William Carlos Williams, a physician and poet who had been a classmate of Pound's while at the University of Pennsylvania and who lived in Rutherford,
277:
heritage (which, for all but Oppen included an early childhood in which English was not their first language); generally left-wing, and, in the cases of Zukofsky, Rakosi, and Oppen at least,
848:, the first installment of a long work based on court records covering the period 1855 to 1915. The book was a commercial and critical flop, and New Directions dropped him. In the 1970s,
646:, bound in one volume. While the press had ambitious plans, planning to print Williams' uncollected prose, Pound's complete critical works, Bunting's translation of Italian poet
68:
were to treat the poem as an object, and to emphasize sincerity, intelligence, and the poet's ability to look clearly at the world. While the name of the group is similar to
605:, Frances Fletcher, Robert McAlmon, George Oppen, Ezra Pound, Carl Rakosi, Kenneth Rexroth, Charles Reznikoff, William Carlos Williams, Louis Zukofsky and Forest Anderson,
1217:
218:, started corresponding with Pound around this time, and the older poet again recommended him to Zukofsky. The final member of the core group, Basil Bunting, was an
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or random composition. The final complete edition was going to press as the poet lay on his deathbed in 1978. His final written work was the index to this volume.
586:, all of whom were regular contributors to the magazine. However, not all reactions were so unfavorable; Niedecker read the issue at her local public library in
960:, owed much to Pound and Williams, and were led, through them, to the Objectivists. In the 1950s and 1960s, Zukofsky was sought out by younger poets including
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progressed. The 1930s also saw him continue his involvement in Marxist politics, an interest that went back to his college friendship with Whittaker Chambers.
188:, and a long correspondence and friendship between the two began. This relationship was strengthened by Zukofsky's 1929 essay on Pound's long work in progress
362:, a reworking of a study of Reznikoff's work originally written some time earlier. In this second essay, Zukofsky expands on the basic tenets of Objectivist
1459:
389:
In which the girder among the rubbish represents âfor Zukofskyâ the poem as object, sincere in itself. Oppen continued to refer to these lines as a poetic
590:, and wrote to Zukofsky shortly thereafter, beginning a friendship and frequent literary correspondence that would last until her death 40 years later.
1171:§ The 1940s & â50s, almost totally receding, with several Objectivists either not publishing and even not writing for long periods of time
776:, and the 1960s were to prove to be a very productive decade for him. Publications from this time include possibly his best-known work, the long poem
400:
Oppen's own contribution was a poem titled "1930s", later collected (without the title) as the opening section of Oppen's first collection called
182:
in 1924 and introduced himself to Pound in 1927, when he sent the older poet his "Poem beginning 'The,'". Pound published the poem in his magazine
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Bunting's physical presence in Newcastle in the 1960s, together with his close relationships with a number of younger poets (including
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836:. After that, although he continued to write and to publish in periodicals, his poetry had no further book publication until the 1959
654:, and at least one book by Reznikoff, the press ran into several problems, and folded late in 1932 before any more volumes appeared.
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147:. Aldington's poems were printed in the November issue, and H.D.'s appeared in the January 1913 issue. The March 1913 issue of
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31:
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255:, which Monroe had allowed Zukofsky to guest edit, at Pound's urging. Zukofsky recounts the occasion with Monroe in
1168:§ The 1930s, interactivity, optimism, joint publishing projects, critical statements, recruiting (Niedecker)
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719:. Mary Oppen published an account of their life, including a close-up view of the Objectivist period, in her 1978
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The term 'Objectivist' developed because Harriet Monroe insisted on a group name for the February 1931 issue of
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in 1965 about his early poetry encouraged Rakosi to start writing and publishing poetry again. A collection,
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864:. In the years after Reznikoff's death in 1976, Black Sparrow brought all his major works back into print.
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1174:§ 1960s onward, the emergence & success of these writers precisely as a literary formation
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in 1967, and a number of other volumes were to appear over the following 46 years. These included his
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Zukofsky's formal procedures, especially his interest in aleatory writing, were a key influence on
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The early critical reception of the Objectivists was generally hostile, particularly in reviews by
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as late as 1976, though he would often misremember them as "a girder, still itself among the
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an Objectivist aesthetic as practiced in the work of a Reznikoff, a Niedecker or an Oppen.
702:, and George abandoned poetry in favor of political activism. In 1950, the couple moved to
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and the two men developed a close literary friendship, with Bunting living near Pound at
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and highly concentrated language and imagery; a rejection of the Imagists' interest in
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poet whose early work was also influenced by Imagism. By 1928, the young American poet
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875:, having previously appeared in magazines. These early sections show the influence of
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Sincerity and Objectification: With Special Reference to the Work of Charles Reznikoff
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magazine and press were to serve as valuable publishing outlets for the older poet.
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Although he would continue to write short poems and prose works, notably the 1963
686:(1936) was the last publication of The Objectivist Press, not counting Zukofsky's
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Oppen and Reznikoff influenced subsequent generations of poets, most notably,
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from 1931 to 1933. In 1930, Bunting published his first collection of poetry,
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had become friendly with Zukofsky and Reznikoff. Another young American poet,
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published during the 1930s, writing "Pound was reading them, and they him".
921:, as well as Harriet Monroe's already-mentioned unfavorable reaction to the
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The New Anthology of American Poetry: Vol. III: Postmodernisms 1950-Present
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To see that, one need only look at the three broad phases of Objectivism â
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902:
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1340:, "Barbed-Wire Entanglements": The "New American Poetry," 1930â1932" in
636:(1932) by Ezra Pound. This was a reprint of two of Pound's prose books,
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378:, a long poem sequence that was Reznikoff's contribution to the issue:
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This article is about Objectivists (poetry). Not to be confused with
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1246:"A Brief Guide to the Objectivists | Academy of American Poets"
1232:"A Brief Guide to the Objectivists | Academy of American Poets"
1021:
group of poets who started publishing in the 1970s and who included
881:, though Zukofsky was to further develop his own style and voice as
171:. It also meant that Imagism was available as a model for American
1628:
1192:
Axelrod, Steven Gould, Camille Roman and Thomas Travisano (2012).
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871:
in 1927. The first seven "movements" of this work appeared in the
690:(1948), which was published under its imprint twelve years later.
235:
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as "the finest long poem to have been published in England since
601:. This anthology featured far fewer contributors: Basil Bunting,
1578:
1140:), meant that he was a major father figure for the poets of the
840:. In 1962, New Directions published a selection of poems called
136:
1441:
374:
As an example, Zukofsky cites the following short section from
72:'s school of philosophy, the two movements are not affiliated.
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has argued that these influences helped shape the sections of
760:. After a lively decade spent largely working in Iran for the
75:
The core group consisted of the Americans Zukofsky, Williams,
1388:
Minor Poet, Not Conspicuously Dishonest: Basil Bunting at 100
343:
and Zukofsky's translation of a short essay on the poetry of
125:, who was Imagism's prime mover, served as foreign editor of
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with an introduction by Ezra Pound, followed by Reznikoff's
289:
The first appearance of the group was in a special issue of
1395:
Peter Nicholls: Modernising Modernism: from Pound to Oppen
867:
Zukofsky had begun work on a long poem in 24 parts called
832:
In 1941, Reznikoff published a collection of poems called
662:(1934), with an introduction by Wallace Stevens, Oppen's
948:
writers to emerge at the end of the 1940s that included
852:
started publishing Reznikoff, bringing out the complete
64:. The basic tenets of objectivist poetics as defined by
1196:. Piscataway NJ: Rutgers University Press. p. 10.
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where the Oppens were living. The press also published
315:, Jesse Lowenthal, Emanuel Carnevali (as translator of
1380:
Mark Scroggins: A Biographical Essay on Louis Zukofsky
1368:
Milton Hindus: Charles Reznikoff: A Biographical Essay
273:; for Reznikoff, Zukofsky, Rakosi and Oppen, a shared
1344:- Volume 2, Number 1, January 1995, pp. 145â175.
507:"Street Closed" is what print says on their stomachs;
726:. George Oppen died in 1984, and Mary died in 1990.
135:. In October 1912, he submitted three poems each by
1292:, (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999).
846:
Testimony: The United States, 1885â1890: Recitative
821:for much of the intervening period, her next book,
499:
Blood red, red lamps hang from necks or where could
178:Zukofsky was one such poet. He published a poem in
597:issue was followed in 1932 by the Zukofsky-edited
515:You're cut out, and she's cut out, and the jiggers
323:, Richard Johns and Martha Champion. An appendix (
1374:Joseph G. Kronick: George Oppen's Life and Career
1349:The Poem of a Life: A Biography of Louis Zukofsky
1290:The Objectivist Nexus: Essays in Cultural Poetics
1362:Andrew Crozier: On Carl Rakosi's Life and Career
523:As won't, tho they're not here, pass thru a hoop
167:-based movement had its first readership in the
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527:Strayed on a manhole — me? Am on a stoop.
495:For their stomachs are logs with print on them;
491:For they have no eyes, for their legs are wood,
483:They have no manes, so there are no airs, birds
1453:
519:Are cut out. No! we can't have such nor bucks
107:The period 1909 to 1913 saw the emergence of
48:were a loose-knit group of second-generation
8:
1216:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
503:Be necks, two legs stand A, four together M.
226:background and who had been imprisoned as a
27:Modernist movement that emerged in the 1930s
1432:Two versions of a poem by Charles Reznikoff
800:(1968, revised editions 1978 and 1985). An
475:Horses: who will do it? out of manes? Words
354:The issue also contained Zukofsky's essays
163:. This publication history meant that this
52:who emerged in the 1930s. They were mainly
1460:
1446:
1438:
1148:which prompted Rakosi's return to poetry.
1013:, amongst others, and through them on the
479:Will do it, out of manes, out of airs, but
772:after his expulsion from Iran in 1952 by
768:, Bunting returned to live in his native
487:Of words, from me to them no singing gut.
385:a girder, still itself among the rubbish.
382:Among the heaps of brick and plaster lies
307:, S. Theodore Hecht, Harry Roskolenkier,
834:Going To and Fro and Walking Up and Down
749:in 1986. Rakosi died in 2004, aged 100.
511:That cuts out everybody but the diggers;
450:The road clear from her past the window-
248:, and Pound introduced him to Zukofsky.
1184:
674:(1934, prose), with an introduction by
458:Of the world, weather-swept, with which
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984:. His work was also well known to the
844:. Three years later, they brought out
756:, Bunting's next book publication was
418:Is — aside from reading speaking
56:and were influenced by, among others,
1121:, which were published posthumously.
442:And saw rain falling, in the distance
426:Of what, Maude Blessingbourne it was,
410:The knowledge not of sorrow, you were
30:For other uses of "Objectivism", see
7:
434:âapproached the window as if to see
624:, a small village in the south of
430:wished to know when, having risen,
25:
1309:(Faber and Faber, 1975 edition).
860:, based on courtroom accounts of
303:, Joyce Hopkins, Norman Macleod,
1876:
234:. In 1923, Bunting met Pound in
91:. Later, another American poet,
698:In 1935, the Oppens joined the
404:, a book-length poem sequence.
1414:Some poems by Lorine Niedecker
1351:, Shoemaker & Hoard, 2007.
1324:The Objectivists: An Anthology
548:Another aspect of Objectivist
175:poets of the next generation.
1:
782:(1966), described by critic
682:(1934, poetry). Reznikoff's
356:Program: 'Objectivists' 1931
32:Objectivism (disambiguation)
1434:Captured November 23, 2005.
1428:Captured November 23, 2005.
1422:Captured November 23, 2005.
1416:Captured November 23, 2005.
1410:Captured November 23, 2005.
1408:Four poems by Basil Bunting
1397:Captured November 14, 2005.
856:as well as a similar work,
630:A Novelette and Other Prose
253:Poetry: A Magazine of Verse
153:A Few Don'ts by an Imagiste
97:modernist poetry in English
1919:
1391:Captured October 27, 2005.
1382:Captured October 10, 2005.
1376:Captured October 13, 2005.
1370:Captured October 13, 2005.
1364:Captured October 13, 2005.
842:By the Waters of Manhattan
729:After publishing his 1941
700:Communist Party of America
599:An 'Objectivist' Anthology
438:what really was going onâ;
36:
29:
1872:
1814:San Francisco Renaissance
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1426:Some poems by Carl Rakosi
804:appeared in 1991 and his
743:New Directions Publishers
117:movement in 20th century
1326:(Bloodaxe Books, 1996).
862:Nazi concentration camps
694:Aftermath of Objectivism
613:An Objectivist Anthology
588:Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
572:Edwin Arlington Robinson
111:, the first consciously
838:Inscriptions: 1944â1956
816:, was published by the
762:British foreign service
660:Collected Poems 1921â31
632:(1932) by Williams and
584:Edna St. Vincent Millay
462:one shares the century.
339:by Zukofsky, a text by
151:also contained Pound's
87:, and the British poet
62:William Carlos Williams
1644:Generation of the '30s
1519:British Poetry Revival
1420:A poem by George Oppen
1282:DuPlessis, Rachel Blau
1177:
1142:British Poetry Revival
944:, a group of American
890:Bottom: On Shakespeare
754:Redimiculum Matellarum
541:
466:
414:saying, but of boredom
245:Redimiculum Matellarum
228:conscientious objector
39:Objectivism (Ayn Rand)
1694:Informationist poetry
1098:Rachel Blau DuPlessis
873:Objectivist Anthology
818:James A. Decker Press
668:Jerusalem the Golden,
643:The Spirit of Romance
471:
406:
222:poet who came from a
1819:Scottish Renaissance
1514:Black Mountain poets
986:Black Mountain poets
892:, the completion of
670:(1934, poetry), his
327:) featured texts by
1759:New American Poetry
1509:Black Arts Movement
1489:Akhmatova's Orphans
1342:Modernism/modernity
850:Black Sparrow Press
766:The Times of London
741:, was published by
709:Alzheimer's disease
544:Language and poetry
1834:Southern Agrarians
1729:Metaphysical poets
1669:Harlem Renaissance
1320:McAllister, Andrew
1263:, October 30, 2002
1094:Norman Finkelstein
978:Gilbert Sorrentino
829:appeared in 2002.
538:by Louis Zukofsky
370:Some example poems
333:Charles Henri Ford
313:Whittaker Chambers
285:Early publications
18:Objectivist poetry
1903:Objectivist poets
1890:
1889:
1883:Poetry portal
1679:Hungry generation
1674:Harvard Aesthetes
1649:Generation of '98
1639:Generation of '27
1614:The poets of Elan
1347:Scroggins, Mark.
1338:Perloff, Marjorie
1286:Peter Quartermain
1027:Charles Bernstein
970:Jonathan Williams
966:Jerome Rothenberg
940:The poets of the
802:Uncollected Poems
717:Of Being Numerous
680:In Memoriam: 1933
615:was published by
580:Edgar Lee Masters
200:Charles Reznikoff
141:Richard Aldington
77:Charles Reznikoff
46:Objectivist poets
16:(Redirected from
1910:
1881:
1880:
1794:Parnassian poets
1764:New Apocalyptics
1739:Modernist poetry
1554:Confessionalists
1544:Churchyard poets
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1386:Richard Caddel:
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1138:Barry MacSweeney
1119:Selected Letters
1106:Armand Schwerner
688:A Test of Poetry
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321:John Wheelwright
143:under the label
119:English-language
93:Lorine Niedecker
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1911:
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1839:Spasmodic poets
1824:Sicilian School
1774:New York School
1594:Dolce Stil Novo
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915:Morris Schappes
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827:Collected Works
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617:To, Publishers,
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1055:Barrett Watten
1051:Carla Harryman
1047:Rae Armantrout
1043:Michael Palmer
990:Robert Creeley
982:Allen Ginsberg
962:Paul Blackburn
950:Allen Ginsberg
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907:
823:My Friend Tree
806:Complete Poems
784:Cyril Connolly
735:Andrew Crozier
731:Selected Poems
724:Meaning a Life
713:Pulitzer Prize
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47:
40:
33:
19:
1874:
1784:Objectivists
1744:The Movement
1609:Ego-Futurism
1599:Dymock poets
1574:Cyclic Poets
1569:Culteranismo
1387:
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1306:
1303:Kenner, Hugh
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1102:John Taggart
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1071:Tina Darragh
1039:Bob Perelman
1035:Lyn Hejinian
1031:Ron Silliman
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446:more slowly,
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375:
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359:
355:
353:
345:André Salmon
336:
329:Parker Tyler
324:
295:magazine in
290:
288:
260:
257:Prepositions
256:
252:
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243:
208:George Oppen
189:
183:
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144:
130:
129:'s magazine
112:
106:
81:George Oppen
74:
45:
43:
1844:Sung poetry
1829:Sons of Ben
1754:Neotericism
1734:Misty Poets
1699:Ä°kinci Yeni
1549:Conceptismo
1524:Cairo poets
1499:Auden Group
1126:Tom Pickard
1019:avant garde
954:Gary Snyder
931:Hugh Kenner
788:T. S. Eliot
779:Briggflatts
770:Northumbria
758:Poems: 1950
638:How to Read
622:Le Beausset
607:T. S. Eliot
349:René Taupin
232:World War I
216:Carl Rakosi
157:F. S. Flint
114:avant garde
85:Carl Rakosi
1849:Surrealism
1804:Précieuses
1799:La Pléiade
1709:Lake Poets
1584:Deep image
1539:Chhayavaad
1271:References
1075:Fanny Howe
1067:Susan Howe
994:Cid Corman
935:The Cantos
878:The Cantos
672:Testimony,
603:Mary Butts
391:touchstone
281:politics.
267:classicism
262:vers libre
212:Mary Oppen
196:New Jersey
191:The Cantos
58:Ezra Pound
50:Modernists
1854:Symbolism
1749:NĂ©gritude
1684:Imaginism
1664:The Group
1634:Gay Saber
1624:Fugitives
1604:Ecopoetry
1504:The Beats
1212:cite book
1011:John Cage
858:Holocaust
854:Testimony
814:New Goose
808:in 2000.
335:, with a
325:Symposium
271:mythology
185:The Exile
173:Modernist
159:'s essay
1897:Category
1719:Marinism
1559:Créolité
996:, whose
946:bohemian
903:aleatory
774:Mossadeq
678:and his
652:55 Poems
565:Reaction
161:Imagisme
145:Imagiste
121:poetry.
70:Ayn Rand
54:American
1864:Zutiste
1689:Imagism
1659:Goliard
1484:Acmeism
1469:Schools
796:", and
550:poetics
364:poetics
279:Marxist
240:Rapallo
230:during
220:English
109:Imagism
1789:Others
1779:Oberiu
1473:poetry
1356:Online
1330:
1313:
1296:
1288:(eds)
1284:&
1200:
1104:, and
999:Origin
923:Poetry
909:Legacy
899:sonnet
752:After
739:Amulet
721:memoir
704:Mexico
626:France
595:Poetry
582:, and
395:rubble
292:Poetry
275:Jewish
224:Quaker
180:Poetry
165:London
149:Poetry
132:Poetry
1629:Garip
1619:Flarf
1322:(ed)
1276:Print
1259:from
1180:Notes
1115:ethos
1017:, an
236:Paris
123:Pound
103:Roots
1579:Dada
1328:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1218:link
1198:ISBN
1136:and
1073:and
1009:and
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