230:. It is estimated to affect 0.3–3.6% of pregnant women and is the greatest contributor to hospitalizations under 20 weeks of gestation. Most often, nausea and vomiting symptoms during pregnancy resolve in the first trimester, however, some continue to experience symptoms. Hyperemesis gravidarum is diagnosed by the following criteria: greater than 3 vomiting episodes per day, ketonuria, and weight loss of more than 3 kg or 5% of body weight. There are several non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors that predispose women to development of this condition such as female fetus, psychiatric illness history, high or low BMI pre-pregnancy, young age, African American or Asian ethnicity, type I diabetes, multiple pregnancies, and history of pregnancy affected by hyperemesis gravidarum. There are currently no known mechanisms for the cause of this condition. This complication can cause nutritional deficiency, low pregnancy weight gain, dehydration, and vitamin, electrolyte, and acid-based disturbances in the mother. It has been shown to cause low birth weight, small gestational age, preterm birth, and poor APGAR scores in the infant. Treatments for this condition focus on preventing harm to the fetus while improving symptoms and commonly include fluid replacement and consumption of small, frequent, bland meals. First-line treatments include ginger and acupuncture. Second-line treatments include vitamin B
577:) is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid by causing low thyroid hormone levels. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include low energy, cold intolerance, muscle cramps, constipation, and memory and concentration problems. It is diagnosed by the presence of elevated levels of thyroid stimulation hormone or TSH. Patients with elevated TSH and decreased levels of free thyroxine or T4 are considered to have overt hypothyroidism. While those with elevated TSH and normal levels of free T4 are considered to have subclinical hypothyroidism. Risk factors for developing hypothyroidism during pregnancy include iodine deficiency, history of thyroid disease, visible goiter, hypothyroidism symptoms, family history of thyroid disease, history of type 1 diabetes or autoimmune conditions, and history of infertility or fetal loss. Various hormones during pregnancy affect the thyroid and increase thyroid hormone demand. For example, during pregnancy, there is increased urinary iodine excretion as well as increased thyroxine binding globulin and thyroid hormone degradation which all increase thyroid hormone demands. This condition can have a profound effect during pregnancy on the mother and fetus. The infant may be seriously affected and have a variety of birth defects. Complications in the mother and fetus can include pre-eclampsia, anemia, miscarriage, low birth weight, still birth,
40:
211:. The elevated demand is a result of increased maternal calorie intake and weight gain, and increased production of prolactin and growth hormone. Gestational diabetes increases risk for further maternal and fetal complications such as development of pre-eclampsia, need for cesarean delivery, preterm delivery, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, fetal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and admission into the neonatal intensive care unit. The increased risk is correlated with the how well the gestational diabetes is controlled during pregnancy with poor control associated with worsened outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is used to treat gestational diabetes and involves monitoring of blood-glucose levels, nutritional and dietary modifications, lifestyle changes such as increasing physical activity, maternal
258:
pregnancy: 25% report serious pain and 8% are severely disabled. Risk factors for complication development include multiparity, increased BMI, physically strenuous work, smoking, distress, history of back and pelvic trauma, and previous history of pelvic and lower back pain. This syndrome results from a growing uterus during pregnancy that causes increased stress on the lumbar and pelvic regions of the mother, thereby, resulting in postural changes and reduced lumbopelvic muscle strength leading to pelvic instability and pain. It is unclear whether specific hormones in pregnancy are associated with complication development. PGP can result in poor quality of life, predisposition to chronic pain syndrome, extended leave from work, and
366:, is a major risk factor for postpartum morbidity and mortality, especially in highly developed countries. A combination of pregnancy-exacerbated hypercoagulability and additional risk factors such as obesity and thrombophilias makes pregnant women vulnerable to thrombotic events T.he prophylactic measures that include the usage of low molecular weight heparin, in fact, can significantly reduce risks associated with surgery, particularly in high-risk patients. Awareness among healthcare givers and prompt response in early identification and management of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period are both crucial for prompt response
768:. Identifying risk factors beforehand in order to take steps and make quick reactions to minimize the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes for the mother or the fetus is essential. The therapy techniques of placental rupture are based on the fetal gestation age and the status of both the mother and the baby. Instant delivery should be medically warranted for full-term babies (36 weeks or more) and in case of distress. Milder cases with immature embryos being monitored closely, any necessary intervention is done in time after careful observation.
262:. Many treatment options are available based on symptom severity. Non-invasive treatment options include activity modification, pelvic support garments, analgesia with or without short periods of bed rest, and physiotherapy to increase strength of gluteal and adductor muscles reducing stress on the lumbar spine. Invasive surgical management is considered a last-line treatment if all other treatment modalities have failed and symptoms are severe.
415:
rehoming, like sickle cell anemia. Prevention of anemia during pregnancy is complicated, and is often treated by a team effort of dietary supplementation, iron therapy, and continuous assessment of mother and fetal indices in a multidisciplinary approach. As an additional measure, emphasis is placed on the astute determination of the respective triggering points, and the application of optimal prenatal care to better maternal and fetal outcome.
6392:
8289:
7535:
880:, possibly impairing function of internal organs. Control of multiple pregnancies, such as special prenatal care and birth plans, can help in the control of placenta accreta. Moreover, early detection and response to the health problems arising from multiple pregnancies can help both the expectant parents and medical care providers deal with this particular aspect of reproductive health consciously.
548:, and African ancestry. The pathogenesis of peripartum cardiomyopathy is not yet known, however, it is suggested that multifactorial potential causes could include autoimmune processes, viral myocarditis, nutritional deficiencies, and maximal cardiovascular changes during which increase cardiac preload. Peripartum cardiomyopathy can lead to many complications such as cardiopulmonary arrest,
456:, and cytomegalovirus transmission. Avoidance actions like vaccines and strict infectious control protocols can be given priority in the policies aimed at limiting the risk of transmission among high-risk populations. In addition, it is early diagnosis and management of maternal infections are among the main methods to flatline vertical transmission and fetal aberrations.
7559:
556:, brain injury, and death. Treatment of this condition is very similar to treatment of non-gravid heart failure patients, however, safety of the fetus must be prioritized. For example, for anticoagulation due to increased risk for thromboembolism, low molecular weight heparin which is safe for use during pregnancy is used instead of warfarin which crosses the placenta.
7547:
6054:"Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy--focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society"
1254:. Other investigations have revealed short-term neonatal outcomes to include small deficits in infant neurobehavioral function and growth restriction when compared to control infants. Also, prenatal methamphetamine use is believed to have long-term effects in terms of brain development, which may last for many years.
714:
is defined as fetal loss or death after 20 weeks gestation. Early stillbirth is between 20 and 27 weeks gestation, while late stillbirth is between 28 and 36 weeks gestation. A term stillbirth is when the fetus dies 37 weeks and above. This phenomenon can go beyond grief and can lead to worries about
673:
as well as the provision of the medical or surgical operations required. The psychological relevance of family members, relatives, and friends to the bereaved ones is also a necessity. The most effective tools that can be used to minimize the psychological implications of the mourners include autopsy
539:
is a heart failure caused by a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to <45% which occurs towards the end of pregnancy or a few months postpartum. Symptoms include shortness of breath in various positions and/or with exertion, fatigue, pedal edema, and chest tightness. Risk factors
748:
defined as the separation of the placenta from the uterus prior to delivery, is a major cause of third trimester vaginal bleeding and complicates about 1% of pregnancies. Symptomatic presentations are variable: Some women can entirely ignore the symptoms, while others have mild bleeding or abdominal
3662:
Taher, Ali T.; Iolascon, Achille; Matar, Charbel F.; Bou-Fakhredin, Rayan; de
Franceschi, Lucia; Cappellini, Maria Domenica; Barcellini, Wilma; Russo, Roberta; Andolfo, Immacolata; Tyan, Paul; Gulbis, Beatrice; Aydinok, Yesim; Anagnou, Nicholas P.; Bencaiova, Gabriela Amstad; Tamary, Hannah (August
1899:
Obstetric complications are those complications that develop during pregnancy. A woman may develop an infection, syndrome or complication that is not unique to pregnancy and that may have existed before pregnancy. Pregnancy often is complicated by preexisting and concurrent conditions. Though these
1884:
Swedish data A = Using any code for VTE regardless of confirmation. Swedish data B = Using only algorithm-confirmed VTE. Early postpartum = First 6 weeks after delivery. Late postpartum = More than 6 weeks after delivery. * = Adjusted for age and calendar year. † = Unadjusted ratio calculated based
1319:
Cultural norms, convictions, and traditions connected to pregnancy and childbirth lead people to establish perceptions, habits, and treatment-seeking. Cultural determinants affect the assessment of prenatal care utilization, childbirth practice, dietary habits and reproductive health beliefs, which
804:
is a condition that occurs when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix. Placenta previa can be further categorized into complete previa, partial previa, marginal previa, and low-lying placenta, depending on the degree to which the placenta covers the internal cervical os. Placenta previa
775:
to deal with the modifiable risk factors, can significantly contribute to the reduction of incidents of placental abruption. Knowing the long-term impacts on the mother and the baby after giving birth is essential. Continuous research and evidence-based approaches help in providing management that
414:
Anemia is a globally recognized complication of pregnancy worldwide and is a condition with a low hemoglobin amount in one of the trimesters. Such physiological modifications are more pronounced among individuals who suffer from undernutrition as well as chronic diseases associated with hemoglobin
827:
Placenta accreta risk factors include placenta previa, abnormally elevated second-trimester AFP and free β-hCG levels, and advanced gestational parent age, specifically over the age of 35. Furthermore, prior cesarean delivery is one of the most common risk factors for placenta accreta, due to the
612:
of the embryo outside the uterus. This form of complicated pregnancy, which is a non-implication of a normally fertilized egg at any spot other than the uterus, involves operation failure, which can cause life-threatening conditions. However, the underlying reasons for this are not exactly known.
1013:
Factors increasing the risk (to either the pregnant individual, the fetus/es, or both) of pregnancy complications beyond the normal level of risk may be present in the pregnant individual's medical profile either before they become pregnant or during the pregnancy. These pre-existing factors may
200:. There are many non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors that lead to the devopment of this complication. Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of diabetes, advanced maternal age, and ethnicity. Modifiable risk factors include maternal obesity. There is an elevated demand for
447:
Pregnancy is a critical period for the expectant mom to experience additional dangers associated with infections. Moreover, a mother and baby's health is exposed to danger when she is in this condition. The prenatal physiology complexity and immunity modulation inherently increase the risk of
257:
pain and sometimes radiation of pain down the hips and thighs. For most pregnant individuals, PGP resolves within three months following delivery, but for some it can last for years, resulting in a reduced tolerance for weight bearing activities. PGP affects around 45% of individuals during
1372:
2453:
Lozano, Rafael; Naghavi, Mohsen; Foreman, Kyle; Lim, Stephen; Shibuya, Kenji; Aboyans, Victor; Abraham, Jerry; Adair, Timothy; Aggarwal, Rakesh; Ahn, Stephanie Y; AlMazroa, Mohammad A; Alvarado, Miriam; Anderson, H Ross; Anderson, Laurie M; Andrews, Kathryn G (2012-12-15).
107:
Common complications of pregnancy include anemia, gestational diabetes, infections, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Presence of these types of complications can have implications on monitoring lab work, imaging, and medical management during pregnancy.
715:
strange maternal feelings or postpartum treatment regarding complications of childbirth. Such parents would require more than empathy; generally, adequate medical programs should be considered for parents having such unbearable grief. Along with psychiatric help,
1365:
1005:) are among those commonly seen in infection of newborns. Furthermore, vaccination, commitment to safe birth practices, and prenatal screening and treatment of infections are also strategic measures that can help reduce the risk of newborn infections.
1358:
234:+/- doxylamine, antihistamines, dopamine antagonists, and serotonin antagonists. Third-line treatments include corticosteroids, transdermal clonidine, and gabapentin. Treatments chosen are dependent on severity of symptoms and response to therapies.
1279:: Unintended pregnancies preclude preconception care and delays prenatal care. They preclude other preventive care, may disrupt life plans and on average have worse health and psychological outcomes for the mother and, if birth occurs, the child.
426:(UN) estimates, approximately half of pregnant individuals develop anemia worldwide. Anemia prevalences during pregnancy differed from 18% in developed countries to 75% in South Asia; culminating to a global rate of 38% of pregnancies worldwide.
805:
is primarily diagnosed by ultrasound, either during a routine examination or following an episode of abnormal vaginal bleeding, often in the second trimester of pregnancy. Most diagnosis of placenta previa occurs during the second-trimester.
7597:
6323:
6304:
39:
7401:
2398:"Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995–2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data"
783:
Risk factors: Prior abruption, smoking, trauma, cocaine use, multifetal gestation, hypertension, preeclampsia, thrombophilias, advanced maternal age, preterm premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine infections, and
7590:
3248:
Villar J, Say L, Gulmezoglu AM, Meraldi M, Lindheimer MD, Betran AP, Piaggio G (2003). "Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia: a health problem for 2000 years.". In
Critchly H, MacLean A, Poston L, Walker J (eds.).
7583:
791:
if the fetus is mature (36 weeks or older), or if a younger fetus or the mother is in distress. In less severe cases with immature fetuses, the situation may be monitored in hospital, with treatment if
699:
Missed: Vaginal bleeding occurs and some products of conception may have passed through the cervix; the cervical os is closed and ultrasound shows a nonviable fetus and remaining products of conception.
8294:
347:
compared to women with normal blood pressure who had no complications in pregnancy. Monitoring pregnant women's blood pressure can help prevent both complications and future cardiovascular diseases.
4811:
1269:
factors: Generally speaking, unmarried individuals and those in lower socioeconomic groups experience an increased level of risk in pregnancy, due at least in part to lack of access to appropriate
2396:
Stevens, Gretchen A; Finucane, Mariel M; De-Regil, Luz Maria; Paciorek, Christopher J; Flaxman, Seth R; Branca, Francesco; Peña-Rosas, Juan Pablo; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Ezzati, Majid (2013-07-01).
2519:
Liu, Li; Johnson, Hope L; Cousens, Simon; Perin, Jamie; Scott, Susana; Lawn, Joy E; Rudan, Igor; Campbell, Harry; Cibulskis, Richard; Li, Mengying; Mathers, Colin; Black, Robert E (2012-06-09).
749:
discomfort and pain. Hence, though symptom severity variance and precipitous placental separation are not relevant, they can still cause the diagnosis and clinical management to be complicated.
1309:
Prolonged effects of chronic stressors such as discrimination, intimate partner violence, housing issues, and poverty lead to widespread maternal health issues and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
540:
associated with the development of this complication include maternal age over 30 years, multi gestational pregnancy, family history of cardiomyopathy, previous diagnosis of cardiomyopathy,
7406:
442:
824:
is an abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall. Specifically, placenta accreta involves abnormal adherence of the placental trophoblast to the uterine myometrium.
104:. While some complications improve or are fully resolved after pregnancy, some may lead to lasting effects, morbidity, or in the most severe cases, maternal or fetal mortality.
7848:
2183:
669:
is the loss of a pregnancy prior to 20 weeks. In the UK, miscarriage is defined as the loss of a pregnancy during the first 23 weeks. Comprehensive support, consists of the
3526:
2776:
Thompson JF, Roberts CL, Currie M, Ellwood DA (June 2002). "Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth".
8190:
3664:
681:
Approximately 80% of pregnancy loss occurs in the first trimester, with a decrease in risk after 12 weeks gestation. Some variables, such as the mother's being older or
761:
119:(puerperium), 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. Long-term health problems (persisting after six months postpartum) are reported by 31% of women.
3601:
Sarkar, Monika; Brady, Carla W.; Fleckenstein, Jaquelyn; Forde, Kimberly A.; Khungar, Vandana; Molleston, Jean P.; Afshar, Yalda; Terrault, Norah A. (January 2021).
2677:
730:
Clinical presentation: Fetal behavioral changes like decreased movements or a loss in fetal sensation may indicate stillbirth, but the presentation can vary greatly.
1050:
are at an increased risk for complications in the fetus and during pregnancy and childbirth. Complications for those 45 or older include increased risk of primary
4136:
585:. This complication is treated by iodine supplementation, levothyroxine which is a form of thyroid hormone replacement, and close monitoring of thyroid function.
2848:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016"
736:
Treatment: If fetal passing occurs before labor, treatment options include induced labor or cesarean section. Otherwise, stillbirths can pass with natural birth.
1152:
Multiple pregnancies: Individuals who have had greater than five previous pregnancies face increased risks of rapid labor and excessive bleeding after delivery.
928:. For many infections, the baby is more at risk at particular stages of pregnancy. Problems related to perinatal infection are not always directly noticeable.
5228:"Barriers and facilitators of maternal healthcare utilisation in the perinatal period among women with social disadvantage: A theory-guided systematic review"
2456:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
6022:
5312:
649:
must be carried out to remove the fetus, along with the fallopian tube. If the pregnancy is very early, it may resolve on its own, or it can be treated with
6381:
5087:
474:
4803:
2733:
Glazener CM, Abdalla M, Stroud P, Naji S, Templeton A, Russell IT (April 1995). "Postnatal maternal morbidity: extent, causes, prevention and treatment".
7457:
4647:
2203:
7563:
5480:
Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T (1 March 2014). "Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location".
2574:. Charles R. B. Beckmann, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (6th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010.
8328:
7516:
4432:
Odendaal, Hein; Wright, Colleen; Schubert, Pawel; Boyd, Theonia K.; Roberts, Drucilla J.; Brink, Lucy; Nel, Daan; Groenewald, Coen (October 2020).
3652:
Venös tromboembolism (VTE) – Guidelines for treatment in C counties. Bengt
Wahlström, Emergency department, Uppsala Academic Hospital. January 2008
3264:
Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L (September 2013). "Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review".
2698:
812:
Risk
Factors: prior cesarean delivery, pregnancy termination, intrauterine surgery, smoking, multifetal gestation, increasing parity, maternal age.
370:
Deep vein thrombosis, a form of venous thromboembolism, has an incidence of 0.5 to 7 per 1,000 pregnancies, and is the second most common cause of
7439:
5123:
1331:
Some disorders and conditions can mean that pregnancy is considered high-risk (about 6-8% of pregnancies in the USA) and in extreme cases may be
3562:"Association Between Chronic Hypertension and the Risk of 12 Cardiovascular Diseases Among Parous Women: The Role of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes"
7477:
4825:
Koniak-Griffin D, Turner-Pluta C (September 2001). "Health risks and psychosocial outcomes of early childbearing: a review of the literature".
4777:
2373:
4198:
7828:
7795:
5286:
2579:
2188:
582:
429:
Treatment varies due to the severity of the anaemia, and can be used by increasing iron containing foods, oral iron tablets or by the use of
150:
2138:
226:
is the presence of severe and persistent vomiting, causing dehydration and weight loss. It is similar although more severe than the common
8631:
7411:
3368:
47:
810 women die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. 94% occur in low and lower middle-income countries.
831:
Due to abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall, cesarean delivery is often indicated, as well as cesarean hysterectomy.
7843:
7521:
6263:
2243:
3996:
8246:
8101:
8028:
7723:
7416:
6564:
2238:
2233:
2103:
1178:
1126:
857:
271:
135:
4905:"Recurrence of pre-eclampsia and the risk of future hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
5384:"Defining venous thromboembolism and measuring its incidence using Swedish health registries: a nationwide pregnancy cohort study"
3479:"Impact of Chronic Hypertension and Antihypertensive Treatment on Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
8273:
6749:
5179:"Patterns of methamphetamine use during pregnancy: results from the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle (IDEAL) Study"
2158:
1014:
related to the individual's genetics, physical or mental health, their environment and social issues, or a combination of those.
889:
808:
Treatments are adapted according to their severity and the mother's state of health, from strict monitoring to cesarean section.
525:
696:
Inevitable: Vaginal bleeding occurs; the cervical os is closed indicating that conception products will pass in the near future.
7894:
7632:
7118:
6941:
6715:
6374:
2521:"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000"
2173:
1201:
1191:
1132:
382:
4221:"Advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
7775:
6404:
2253:
2128:
2062:
1211:
324:
4219:
du Fossé, Nadia A; van der Hoorn, Marie-Louise P; van Lith, Jan M M; le Cessie, Saskia; Lashley, Eileen E L O (2020-05-02).
3923:
2669:
2325:
2300:
7977:
7499:
7467:
7365:
5720:"Uterine Rupture in Pregnancy: Overview, Rupture of the Unscarred Uterus, Previous Uterine Myomectomy and Uterine Rupture"
2143:
1207:
470:
327:
is sometimes included in the pre-eclamptic spectrum. It occurs in approximately one in 7,000 to one in 15,000 pregnancies.
97:
5539:
2953:
1149:
Risks arising from previous pregnancies: Complications experienced during a previous pregnancy are more likely to recur.
8541:
8261:
8044:
7889:
7444:
7360:
6698:
2368:
2178:
1900:
pre-existing and concurrent conditions may have great impact on pregnancy, they are not included in the following list.
1142:
980:
396:
126:
resulted globally in 230,600 deaths, down from 377,000 deaths in 1990. The most common causes of maternal mortality are
7551:
4128:
8057:
6973:
6916:
6480:
5638:"Interventions for helping to turn term breech babies to head first presentation when using external cephalic version"
5040:"Consumption of Alcohol Beverages and Binge Drinking Among Pregnant Women Aged 18-44 Years - United States, 2015-2017"
4868:
Bayrampour H, Heaman M (September 2010). "Advanced maternal age and the risk of cesarean birth: a systematic review".
3603:"Reproductive Health and Liver Disease: Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases"
2208:
614:
343:. Women who have high blood pressure and had complications in their pregnancy have three times the risk of developing
1343:. Serious pre-existing disorders which can reduce a woman's physical ability to survive pregnancy include a range of
303:
can develop after 20 weeks but has no other symptoms, and later rights itself, but it can develop into pre-eclampsia.
8636:
2305:
1086:
Low weight: Individuals whose pre-pregnancy weight is less than 45.5 kilograms (100 pounds) are more likely to have
693:
Complete: Vaginal bleeding occurs followed by the complete passing of conception products through the cervix.
8168:
7967:
7941:
7677:
7539:
7504:
7494:
6416:
6367:
4903:
Brouwers L, van der Meiden-van Roest AJ, Savelkoul C, Vogelvang TE, Lely AT, Franx A, van Rijn BB (December 2018).
2603:
2017:
1351:
or reproductive organs, some of which are listed above) and diseases acquired at any time during the woman's life.
1237:
869:
574:
177:
The following problems originate in the mother, however, they may have serious consequences for the fetus as well.
154:
8321:
6030:
5335:"Maternal depressive symptoms, depression, and psychiatric medication use in relation to risk of preterm delivery"
2294:
776:
works. Collaboration between healthcare providers and patients is the core of the outcomes of placenta abruption.
727:
Epidemiology: There are over 2 million stillbirths a year and there are about 6 stillbirths per 1000 births (0.6%)
8582:
8205:
8195:
8113:
8013:
7297:
7167:
7125:
6986:
5098:
2811:
Borders N (2006). "After the afterbirth: a critical review of postpartum health relative to method of delivery".
2153:
1940:
1225:
1094:
1087:
1067:
772:
682:
609:
536:
336:
254:
5382:
Abdul Sultan A, West J, Stephansson O, Grainge MJ, Tata LJ, Fleming KM, Humes D, Ludvigsson JF (November 2015).
689:. Spontaneous abortions can be further categorized into complete, inevitable, missed, and threatened abortions:
8572:
8495:
7731:
7509:
7033:
6849:
6816:
6708:
6342:
5308:
2358:
2315:
2077:
1905:
1251:
1062:: Pregnancy in individuals whose height is less than 1.5 meters (5 feet) correlates with a higher incidence of
565:
300:
1987:
3845:
8314:
8130:
8052:
7810:
7462:
7316:
7108:
6801:
2363:
2057:
2027:
1340:
942:
O - other infections (i.e. Parvovirus B19, Coxsackievirus, Chickenpox, Chlamydia, HIV, HTLV, syphilis, Zika)
765:
752:
Several contributors may result in placental abruption. This includes: pre-existing maternal factors (e.g.,
64:
1925:
1380:
Absolute and relative incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy and the postpartum period
8513:
8490:
8459:
8251:
8225:
8003:
7823:
7818:
7790:
7767:
7667:
7375:
7243:
7233:
7098:
6821:
6754:
6729:
6665:
6539:
4673:"A comparison of recent guidelines in the diagnosis and management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders"
4332:
2310:
2289:
2268:
2248:
2193:
2113:
1197:
1032:: Young mothers are at an increased risk of developing certain complications, including preterm birth and
925:
733:
Risk factors: Maternal weight, age, and smoking, as well as pre-existing maternal diabetes or hypertension
675:
355:
344:
331:
Women who have chronic hypertension before their pregnancy are at increased risk of complications such as
291:. Severe pre-eclampsia involves a BP over 160/110 (with additional signs). It affects 5–8% of pregnancies.
223:
162:
7575:
4595:
Hung TH, Shau WY, Hsieh CC, Chiu TH, Hsu JJ, Hsieh TT (April 1999). "Risk factors for placenta accreta".
3527:"Pregnancy complications increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke in women with high blood pressure"
8436:
8215:
8210:
7662:
7355:
7157:
6961:
6636:
2709:
2320:
2273:
2228:
1982:
1257:
1043:
1039:
988:
984:
686:
629:
259:
166:
131:
5115:
6280:
5227:
4672:
4433:
4104:
2032:
8577:
8523:
8220:
8089:
7984:
7805:
7780:
7370:
7321:
6641:
6631:
6559:
6554:
6529:
6514:
6509:
4769:
2622:"The Experience of Anaemia and Ingesting Oral Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study"
2258:
2133:
2108:
2042:
1977:
1276:
1102:
996:
921:
646:
359:
185:
1129:, or an acquired disease: A disease and condition not necessarily directly caused by the pregnancy.
8605:
8546:
8477:
8410:
8256:
8200:
8094:
8023:
8008:
7989:
7838:
7652:
6874:
6831:
6796:
6703:
6683:
6327:
5147:
4190:
3149:"Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPP), I: Terminology, clinical presentation, and prevalence"
2330:
2198:
2163:
2007:
1915:
1385:
Absolute incidence of first VTE per 10,000 person–years during pregnancy and the postpartum period
1336:
1215:
1137:
1106:
1047:
745:
702:
Threatened: Vaginal bleeding occurs; the cervical os is closed and ultrasound shows a viable fetus.
409:
101:
6227:
3477:
Al Khalaf SY, O'Reilly ÉJ, Barrett PM, B Leite DF, Pawley LC, McCarthy FP, Khashan AS (May 2021).
3385:
Mjahed K, Charra B, Hamoudi D, Noun M, Barrou L (October 2006). "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy".
639:
Risk factors include untreated pelvic inflammatory disease, likely due to fallopian tube scarring.
161:
is a fairly common mild symptom of pregnancy that generally resolves in the second trimester, but
8392:
8230:
8185:
8160:
8125:
7972:
7962:
7657:
7472:
7201:
7055:
6826:
6811:
5020:
4850:
4577:
4496:
4414:
4371:
4314:
4086:
4027:
3972:
3902:
3542:
3410:
3230:
3129:
2758:
2597:
2335:
2263:
2118:
2067:
2052:
1283:
1183:
1114:
895:
670:
502:
478:
460:
363:
242:
6230:. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision
3720:
Wang S, An L, Cochran SD (2002). "Women". In Detels R, McEwen J, Beaglehole R, Tanaka H (eds.).
1158:(having more than one fetus in a single pregnancy): These individuals have an increased risk of
935:
refers to a set of several different infections that may be caused by transplacental infection:
8464:
8382:
8351:
8135:
8107:
8067:
8062:
7997:
7871:
7672:
7647:
7615:
7292:
7211:
7135:
7113:
6626:
6544:
6395:
6259:
6083:
5881:
5677:
5497:
5413:
5364:
5282:
5255:
5247:
5208:
5069:
5012:
4985:
4934:
4885:
4842:
4751:
4733:
4692:
4612:
4569:
4531:
4488:
4453:
4406:
4363:
4306:
4246:
4166:
4078:
4019:
3964:
3894:
3827:
3782:
3734:
3702:
3684:
3630:
3622:
3583:
3508:
3459:
3402:
3360:
3281:
3222:
3178:
3121:
3086:
3051:
3016:
2928:
2877:
2828:
2793:
2750:
2651:
2643:
2585:
2575:
2548:
2540:
2501:
2483:
2435:
2417:
2278:
2223:
1961:
1950:
1910:
1344:
1302:
An elevated level of stress during pregnancy leads to notorious pregnancy outcomes, including
1075:
1051:
1029:
968:
780:
Clinical
Presentation: Varies widely from asymptomatic to vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain.
605:
212:
189:
127:
123:
116:
112:
52:
3325:
485:
due to an enlarging uterus. Pregnant individuals are more severely affected by, for example,
115:
are present in 1.6% of mothers in the US, and in 1.5% of mothers in Canada. In the immediate
8508:
8018:
7957:
7689:
6854:
6621:
6616:
6073:
6065:
5871:
5667:
5657:
5649:
5489:
5403:
5395:
5354:
5346:
5239:
5198:
5190:
5177:
Della Grotta S, LaGasse LL, Arria AM, Derauf C, Grant P, Smith LM, et al. (July 2010).
5059:
5051:
4975:
4965:
4924:
4916:
4877:
4834:
4741:
4723:
4684:
4604:
4561:
4523:
4480:
4445:
4398:
4355:
4296:
4286:
4236:
4228:
4068:
4058:
4011:
3956:
3884:
3817:
3809:
3800:
Kaufmann R, Foxman B (1991). "Mastitis among lactating women: occurrence and risk factors".
3772:
3764:
3692:
3676:
3614:
3573:
3534:
3498:
3490:
3449:
3441:
3394:
3350:
3340:
3299:
3273:
3212:
3168:
3160:
3147:
Wu WH, Meijer OG, Uegaki K, Mens JM, van Dieën JH, Wuisman PI, Ostgaard HC (November 2004).
3113:
3078:
3043:
3006:
2996:
2918:
2908:
2867:
2859:
2820:
2785:
2742:
2633:
2532:
2491:
2475:
2467:
2425:
2409:
1945:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1033:
1000:
971:
intervening and to the maternal genital tract. Because of this, blood-borne microorganisms (
821:
801:
723:, which should be useful in the process of assisting parents who have lost their children.
716:
318:
310:
227:
205:
158:
139:
5003:
Williams PM, Fletcher S (September 2010). "Health effects of prenatal radiation exposure".
3428:
Reyes H, Sandoval L, Wainstein A, Ribalta J, Donoso S, Smok G, et al. (January 1994).
157:
or pose any significant threat to the health of the birthing person or fetus. For example,
8423:
8397:
8173:
8140:
7929:
7914:
7694:
7350:
7206:
7070:
7028:
6889:
6864:
6788:
6678:
6660:
6606:
6490:
4471:
Oyelese Y, Smulian JC (April 2006). "Placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa".
2218:
2012:
1966:
1955:
1930:
1332:
1247:
1243:
1219:
1159:
1155:
901:
877:
549:
430:
5088:"Preventing Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Before, During, and After Pregnancy"
4633:
Risk
Factors, Pattern and Outcome of Third Trimester Bleeding in a Tertiary Care Hospital
4434:"Associations of maternal smoking and drinking with fetal growth and placental abruption"
165:
is a severe form of this symptom that sometimes requires medical intervention to prevent
17:
5719:
5672:
5637:
2846:
Naghavi, Mohsen; et al. (GBD 2016 Causes of Death
Collaborators) (September 2017).
2496:
920:
in the mother are very dangerous for the developing embryo or fetus. This can result in
8518:
8268:
8178:
8074:
7934:
7923:
7863:
7741:
7393:
7220:
7196:
7140:
7018:
7013:
7003:
6991:
6869:
6653:
6524:
6470:
6078:
6053:
6052:
Harden CL, Hopp J, Ting TY, Pennell PB, French JA, Hauser WA, et al. (July 2009).
5876:
5859:
5408:
5383:
5359:
5334:
5275:
5203:
5178:
5064:
5039:
4929:
4904:
4746:
4711:
4484:
4402:
4301:
4274:
4241:
4073:
4046:
3777:
3752:
3697:
3503:
3478:
3454:
3429:
3355:
3173:
3148:
3011:
2984:
2872:
2847:
2746:
2430:
2345:
2340:
2123:
2092:
2087:
2072:
845:
840:
633:
570:
494:
482:
423:
371:
306:
149:
Complications of pregnancy can sometimes arise from abnormally severe presentations of
6391:
4608:
3578:
3561:
3533:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 2023-11-21.
2913:
2896:
2863:
2536:
2471:
2413:
1347:(that is, conditions with which the woman herself was born, for example, those of the
8625:
8610:
8150:
8120:
7853:
7736:
7431:
7345:
7306:
7282:
7191:
7075:
7008:
6879:
6783:
6744:
6601:
6436:
5277:
The best intentions: unintended pregnancy and the well-being of children and families
5226:
Grand-Guillaume-Perrenoud, Jean
Anthony; Origlia, Paola; Cignacco, Eva (2022-02-01).
4881:
4838:
4090:
3976:
3906:
3813:
3546:
2789:
2168:
2047:
1695:
Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of first VTE during pregnancy and the postpartum period
1303:
1270:
1266:
1229:
1063:
932:
913:
849:
654:
618:
578:
541:
332:
280:
193:
6336:
6332:
5024:
4854:
4581:
4500:
4031:
3414:
3234:
3133:
3047:
2895:
Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller AB, Daniels J, et al. (June 2014).
2762:
8592:
8587:
8559:
8387:
8364:
8145:
8079:
7260:
7255:
6996:
6896:
6841:
6569:
6448:
6443:
5653:
4375:
4318:
4275:"Maternal smoking and the risk of still birth: systematic review and meta-analysis"
1997:
1992:
1971:
1348:
1233:
1110:
1081:
1071:
1059:
865:
861:
757:
720:
650:
545:
314:
246:
4688:
4514:
Wortman AC, Alexander JM (March 2013). "Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta".
4418:
6347:
6069:
4449:
4359:
3960:
3680:
3277:
2638:
2621:
399:
may be indicated when there are additional risk factors for deep vein thrombosis.
8446:
8441:
8084:
7833:
7785:
7718:
7699:
7684:
7250:
7186:
7023:
6966:
6906:
6901:
6739:
6688:
6549:
6359:
5399:
3430:"Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a clinical study of 12 episodes in 11 patients"
2520:
2455:
2397:
2037:
1920:
972:
873:
828:
presence of a uterine scar leading to abnormal decidualization of the placenta.
666:
490:
453:
284:
74:
5243:
4158:
3889:
3872:
3538:
2824:
7704:
7611:
7402:
The
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
6648:
6588:
6519:
5350:
5194:
4728:
4527:
4291:
4015:
3398:
3164:
3082:
2213:
2082:
2022:
1935:
1098:
964:
956:
711:
553:
419:
386:
340:
250:
93:
57:
5251:
4737:
4232:
3688:
3626:
3602:
3217:
3200:
2647:
2589:
2544:
2487:
2421:
385:
as a physiological response in preparation for the potential bleeding during
8346:
7748:
7607:
7038:
6911:
6771:
6761:
6596:
6574:
6501:
6317:
6313:
5493:
4920:
3560:
Al Khalaf S, Chappell LC, Khashan AS, McCarthy FP, O'Reilly ÉJ (July 2023).
3494:
2002:
514:
486:
466:
449:
294:
208:
197:
89:
6087:
5681:
5501:
5417:
5368:
5259:
5212:
5073:
5055:
5016:
4989:
4938:
4889:
4846:
4755:
4696:
4616:
4573:
4535:
4492:
4457:
4410:
4367:
4310:
4250:
4170:
4082:
4023:
3968:
3898:
3786:
3706:
3634:
3587:
3512:
3406:
3364:
3285:
3226:
3182:
3125:
3090:
3055:
3020:
3001:
2932:
2923:
2881:
2832:
2797:
2655:
2552:
2505:
2439:
5662:
4565:
3831:
3768:
3463:
3345:
2754:
2569:
7642:
7421:
7238:
7152:
7130:
7050:
6951:
6859:
6766:
6693:
6611:
6431:
4631:
4220:
4063:
3822:
3445:
3034:
Summers A (July 2012). "Emergency management of hyperemesis gravidarum".
2148:
2098:
1118:
909:
905:
594:
521:, or inflammation of the breast, occurs in 20% of lactating individuals.
518:
510:
473:
to prevent an immune reaction against the fetus, as well as secondary to
297:– seizures in a pre-eclamptic patient, affect around 1.4% of pregnancies.
249:
in the area between the posterior iliac crest and gluteal fold beginning
143:
6296:
5885:
4438:
European
Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
2626:
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
1222:. Also, it increases the odds of the baby being born prematurely by 30%.
253:
caused by instability and limitation of mobility. It is associated with
8306:
7947:
7340:
7311:
7287:
7269:
7065:
7045:
5636:
Cluver C, Gyte GM, Sinclair M, Dowswell T, Hofmeyr GJ (February 2015).
2479:
1314:
917:
853:
753:
506:
498:
201:
4970:
4953:
3618:
3117:
1260:: Possibly associated with adverse effects on the child later in life.
8369:
7951:
7178:
7060:
6884:
6806:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6308:
4980:
3871:
Davis MB, Arany Z, McNamara DM, Goland S, Elkayam U (January 2020).
3266:
European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
2985:"Gestational Diabetes: Overview with Emphasis on Medical Management"
5443:
4954:"Risk of recurrent stillbirth: systematic review and meta-analysis"
4677:
Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
3104:
Austin K, Wilson K, Saha S (April 2019). "Hyperemesis Gravidarum".
7910:
7881:
7714:
6475:
6426:
2620:
O'Toole, F.E; Hokey, E.; McAuliffe, F.M; Walsh, J.M (2024-06-01).
992:
960:
788:
288:
204:
during pregnancy which leads to increased insulin production from
2989:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1173:
Some common environmental risk factors during pregnancy include:
7145:
4712:"Infections and Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal and Child Health"
4552:
Silver RM, Branch DW (April 2018). "Placenta Accreta Spectrum".
3928:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
2706:
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC)
2283:
100:, and problems that occur primarily after childbirth are termed
8310:
7579:
6363:
6956:
3326:"The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. A Review"
1306:, low birth weight, and mental health problems for the mother.
1074:, which can result in such complications during childbirth as
976:
904:, they depend on the immune function of their mother. Several
760:, advanced age), as well as pregnancy-related factors such as
276:
Potential severe hypertensive states of pregnancy are mainly:
5148:"New Mother Fact Sheet: Methamphetamine Use During Pregnancy"
4346:
Page JM, Silver RM (April 2018). "Evaluation of stillbirth".
7849:
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)
5860:"Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy: antenatal prophylaxis"
4389:
Oyelese Y, Ananth CV (October 2006). "Placental abruption".
2897:"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis"
632:, advanced maternal age, and prior surgery or trauma to the
4710:
Kumar, Manoj; Saadaoui, Marwa; Al Khodor, Souhaila (2022).
3735:
https://www.cell.com/immunity/pdf/S1074-7613(22)00184-4.pdf
3724:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1587–601.
597:, but may have serious consequences on the mother as well.
4952:
Lamont K, Scott NW, Jones GT, Bhattacharya S (June 2015).
1070:. Also, these individuals are more likely to have a small
6195:
6193:
4636:(masters thesis). Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore.
3873:"Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review"
3665:"Recommendations for Pregnancy in Rare Inherited Anemias"
771:
The implementation of preventive measures, which include
581:, impaired neurointellectual development, and if severe,
122:
In 2016, complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the
88:
are health problems that are related to, or arise during
7407:
Declaration on the elimination of violence against women
5778:
5776:
4273:
Marufu TC, Ahankari A, Coleman T, Lewis S (March 2015).
3947:
Sullivan SA (June 2019). "Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy".
5155:
3069:
Goodwin TM (September 2008). "Hyperemesis gravidarum".
1320:
are direct outcomes of pregnancy and health situations.
1093:
High weight: Obese individuals are more likely to have
955:
Babies can also become infected by their mother during
321:. Incidence is reported as 0.5–0.9% of all pregnancies.
111:
Severe complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the
5858:
Bowman JM, Chown B, Lewis M, Pollock JM (March 1978).
5829:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5815:
443:
Susceptibility and severity of infections in pregnancy
4004:
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
6286:
4671:
Jauniaux, E.; Kingdom, J. C.; Silver, R. M. (2021).
2184:
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy
422:
are lower in the third trimesters. According to the
153:, which usually do not significantly interfere with
8239:
8159:
8043:
7907:
7880:
7862:
7804:
7766:
7757:
7713:
7631:
7622:
7486:
7430:
7392:
7383:
7332:
7177:
7166:
7097:
7088:
6940:
6931:
6840:
6782:
6728:
6587:
6500:
6489:
6415:
6402:
6290:
5038:Denny CH, Acero CS, Naimi TS, Kim SY (April 2019).
3324:Haram K, Svendsen E, Abildgaard U (February 2009).
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
1101:. Obesity also increases the chances of developing
73:
69:
Numerous biological and environmental complications
63:
51:
32:
5274:
4516:Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
3746:
3744:
3742:
3071:Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
2978:
2976:
2974:
528:, meaning that they can affect the child as well.
8191:Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder
188:is when a woman, without a previous diagnosis of
5448:National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
4716:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
4333:"Stillbirth - Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics"
2670:"Severe Maternal Morbidity in the United States"
2615:
2613:
469:. This increased risk is caused by an increased
465:A pregnant woman is more susceptible to certain
79:Numerous biological and environmental conditions
5333:Gavin AR, Holzman C, Siefert K, Tian Y (2009).
4827:The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing
4165:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
959:. During birth, babies are exposed to maternal
4348:Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
3751:Kourtis AP, Read JS, Jamieson DJ (June 2014).
1339:are the main focus of doctors specialising in
8322:
7591:
6375:
4105:"Ectopic pregnancy – Treatment – NHS Choices"
3877:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
2735:British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
1366:
1022:Some common biological risk factors include:
900:Since the embryo and fetus have little or no
593:The following problems occur in the fetus or
8:
5281:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
3199:Walters C, West S, A Nippita T (July 2018).
92:. Complications that occur primarily during
5642:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5044:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1210:During pregnancy, causes twice the risk of
8329:
8315:
8307:
7763:
7628:
7598:
7584:
7576:
7458:International Center for Research on Women
7389:
7174:
7094:
6937:
6497:
6412:
6382:
6368:
6360:
6287:
6256:Williams manual of pregnancy complications
6222:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6208:
5120:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5095:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3648:
3646:
3644:
1373:
1359:
1353:
860:. Monochorionic multiples may even become
38:
29:
6077:
6017:
6015:
5875:
5671:
5661:
5407:
5358:
5202:
5063:
4979:
4969:
4928:
4745:
4727:
4300:
4290:
4240:
4072:
4062:
3924:"Thyroid Disease & Pregnancy | NIDDK"
3888:
3821:
3776:
3696:
3577:
3502:
3483:Journal of the American Heart Association
3453:
3354:
3344:
3216:
3172:
3010:
3000:
2983:Lende M, Rijhsinghani A (December 2020).
2922:
2912:
2871:
2813:Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
2637:
2495:
2429:
1097:, potentially increasing difficulties in
685:, possess a higher likelihood of causing
3995:Taylor PN, Lazarus JH (September 2019).
1196:Alcohol: Use during pregnancy can cause
613:This phenomenon is often accompanied by
5540:"Pregnancy Loss: Condition Information"
5309:"Family Planning - Healthy People 2020"
5142:
5140:
4804:"Risk factors present before pregnancy"
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4787:
3846:"What infections can affect pregnancy?"
3253:. London: RCOG Press. pp. 189–207.
2385:
1879:
912:and cause (perinatal) infection. Often
374:in developed countries after bleeding.
6199:
6184:
6172:
6160:
6148:
6136:
6124:
6112:
6100:
6006:
5994:
5982:
5970:
5958:
5946:
5934:
5922:
5910:
5898:
5845:
5833:
5806:
5794:
5782:
5767:
5755:
5743:
5706:
5694:
5623:
5611:
5599:
5587:
5575:
5563:
5526:
5514:
5467:
5430:
3918:
3916:
3205:Australian Journal of General Practice
2595:
2391:
2389:
2374:Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition
1354:
7829:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
7796:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
5444:"Chromosome Abnormalities Fact Sheet"
4547:
4545:
4268:
4266:
4006:. Pregnancy and Endocrine Disorders.
3990:
3988:
3986:
3387:Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
3194:
3192:
2699:"Severe Maternal Morbidity in Canada"
2564:
2562:
2326:Pregnancy-related peripheral neuritis
2301:Abnormality of maternal pelvic organs
2189:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
583:congenital iodine deficiency syndrome
151:symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy
7:
7895:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
7546:
7440:Office of Research on Women's Health
5864:Canadian Medical Association Journal
2139:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
628:: Unknown, but risk factors include
395:: Prophylactic treatment, e.g. with
383:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
7558:
7478:Society for Women's Health Research
7412:International Day of the Girl Child
4776:. US National Library of Medicine.
4554:The New England Journal of Medicine
3757:The New England Journal of Medicine
1052:Caesarean delivery (i.e. C-section)
876:. In very rare cases, there may be
501:. The evidence is more limited for
7844:Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy
7522:Birth control in the United States
4485:10.1097/01.AOG.0000207559.15715.98
4403:10.1097/01.aog.0000239439.04364.9a
3949:Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
3300:"High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy"
2747:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09132.x
2244:Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
215:, and medication such as insulin.
136:hypertensive diseases of pregnancy
25:
8102:Pain management during childbirth
8029:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
7417:Commission on the Status of Women
6427:External female genitalia (vulva)
6258:. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
5183:Maternal and Child Health Journal
5152:North Dakota Department of Health
4808:Merck Manual Home Health Handbook
3579:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20628
3201:"Pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy"
2239:Gestational trophoblastic disease
2234:Twin to Twin transfusion syndrome
2104:Gestational trophoblastic disease
1244:Prenatal methamphetamine exposure
1127:Pre-existing disease in pregnancy
858:twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
617:(pelvic inflammatory disease) or
272:Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
8288:
8287:
8274:Sexual activity during pregnancy
7557:
7545:
7534:
7533:
6750:Assisted reproductive technology
6390:
5116:"Substance Use During Pregnancy"
4882:10.1111/j.1523-536X.2010.00409.x
4839:10.1097/00005237-200109000-00002
4814:from the original on 2013-06-01.
4780:from the original on 2013-08-13.
3722:Oxford Textbook of Public Health
3374:from the original on 2011-11-12.
2790:10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00167.x
2159:Vertically transmitted infection
1895:List of complications (complete)
890:Vertically transmitted infection
6716:Breastfeeding and mental health
5315:from the original on 2010-12-28
5126:from the original on 2013-10-29
4201:from the original on 2017-02-15
4139:from the original on 2016-11-14
3048:10.7748/en2012.07.20.4.24.c9206
2680:from the original on 2015-06-29
2174:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
1202:fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
7776:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
5654:10.1002/14651858.CD000184.pub4
5273:Eisenberg L, Brown SH (1995).
4770:"Health problems in pregnancy"
3106:Nutrition in Clinical Practice
2306:Postpartum acute renal failure
2254:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
2129:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
2063:Premature rupture of membranes
1212:premature rupture of membranes
1133:Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
475:maternal physiological changes
325:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
1:
7978:Prelabor rupture of membranes
7366:Social determinants of health
4689:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.007
4609:10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00460-8
3997:"Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy"
3802:Social Science & Medicine
2914:10.1016/s2214-109x(14)70227-x
2864:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32152-9
2537:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60560-1
2472:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61728-0
2414:10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70001-9
2144:Immune tolerance in pregnancy
1847: Early postpartum
1637: Early postpartum
979:), organisms associated with
471:immune tolerance in pregnancy
98:obstetric labor complications
8542:Obstetric labor complication
8257:Systemic lupus erythematosus
7908:Maternal care related to the
7890:Gestational thrombocytopenia
7361:Gender disparities in health
6699:Mother-to-child transmission
6283:, World Health Organization.
6070:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a6b2f8
6023:"Public Education Pamphlets"
4450:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.018
4360:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000441
3961:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000432
3814:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90024-7
3681:10.1097/HS9.0000000000000446
3333:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
3278:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.005
2639:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.03.005
2369:Thyroid disease in pregnancy
2295:Pruritic urticarial papaules
2179:Thyroid disease in pregnancy
1864: Late postpartum
1666: Late postpartum
1143:Thyroid disease in pregnancy
981:sexually transmitted disease
884:Mother-to-child transmission
671:consultation of the genomics
589:Fetal and placental problems
397:low molecular weight heparin
283:– gestational hypertension,
8058:Cephalopelvic disproportion
6974:Pelvic inflammatory disease
6917:Hormone replacement therapy
6481:Reproductive system disease
5400:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008864
4810:. Merck Sharp & Dohme.
4648:"Placenta Accreta Spectrum"
2209:Cephalopelvic disproportion
1941:Abnormal labor and delivery
8653:
8632:Health issues in pregnancy
8537:Complications of pregnancy
8169:Breastfeeding difficulties
7968:Constriction ring syndrome
7942:Braxton Hicks contractions
7468:Black Women's Health Study
6535:Complications of pregnancy
5244:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103237
4157:Dugas C, Slane VH (2022).
3890:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.014
3539:10.3310/nihrevidence_60660
2825:10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.10.014
2018:Fetal-to-mother hemorrhage
1238:attention deficit disorder
893:
887:
870:umbilical cord compression
838:
563:
458:
440:
407:
269:
155:activities of daily living
86:Complications of pregnancy
33:Complications of pregnancy
8601:
8583:Connective tissue disease
8568:
8555:
8532:
8504:
8486:
8473:
8455:
8432:
8419:
8406:
8378:
8360:
8342:
8282:
8206:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
8196:Pubic symphysis diastasis
7529:
7445:Women's Health Initiative
7298:Major depressive disorder
7126:Intimate partner violence
6987:Female genital mutilation
6982:
6674:
5482:Human Reproduction Update
5351:10.1016/j.whi.2009.05.004
5195:10.1007/s10995-009-0491-0
5005:American Family Physician
4729:10.3389/fcimb.2022.873253
4630:Anuselvi, M. (May 2022).
4597:Obstetrics and Gynecology
4528:10.1016/j.ogc.2012.12.002
4473:Obstetrics and Gynecology
4391:Obstetrics and Gynecology
4292:10.1186/s12889-015-1552-5
4225:Human Reproduction Update
4129:"Pregnancy complications"
4051:Canadian Family Physician
4047:"[Not Available]"
4045:Lemire F (October 2021).
4016:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.05.010
3753:"Pregnancy and infection"
3399:10.1007/s00404-006-0203-6
3165:10.1007/s00586-003-0615-y
3083:10.1016/j.ogc.2008.04.002
2954:"Pregnancy complications"
2901:The Lancet. Global Health
2571:Obstetrics and gynecology
2316:Haemorrhoids in pregnancy
2154:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
1880:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1735:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1694:
1600:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1384:
1226:Prenatal cocaine exposure
856:, with resultant risk of
773:pre-conception counseling
683:chromosomal abnormalities
537:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
532:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
46:
37:
18:Obstetrical complications
8573:Musculoskeletal disorder
8496:Gastrointestinal disease
7732:Gestational hypertension
7034:Gynaecological disorders
6850:Culture and menstruation
6817:Contraceptive prevalence
6709:Compulsory sterilization
3218:10.31128/AJGP-01-18-4467
2402:The Lancet Global Health
2359:List of obstetric topics
2078:Fetal growth restriction
1988:Septic pelvic thrombosis
1906:Chromosome abnormalities
1794: Trimester 3
1777: Trimester 2
1760: Trimester 1
1551: Trimester 3
1522: Trimester 2
1493: Trimester 1
1252:congenital abnormalities
1034:low infant birth weight.
579:congestive heart failure
566:Thyroid disease in women
526:vertically transmissible
477:including a decrease in
301:Gestational hypertension
8131:Umbilical cord prolapse
8053:Amniotic fluid embolism
7811:dermatoses of pregnancy
7317:Urinary tract infection
7109:Abuse during childbirth
4921:10.1111/1471-0528.15394
3495:10.1161/JAHA.120.018494
2364:Dermatoses of pregnancy
2058:Low birth-weight infant
2028:Amniotic fluid embolism
1341:maternal-fetal medicine
926:developmental disorders
868:, resulting in risk of
287:(>300 mg), and
8514:Female genital disease
8491:Maxillofacial disorder
8460:Cardiovascular disease
8247:Concomitant conditions
8226:Postpartum thyroiditis
8004:Circumvallate placenta
7824:Impetigo herpetiformis
7819:Gestational pemphigoid
7791:Hyperemesis gravidarum
7724:hypertensive disorders
7234:Cardiovascular disease
6822:Contraceptive security
6755:In vitro fertilization
6666:Postpartum confinement
6540:Hyperemesis gravidarum
5724:reference.medscape.com
5097:. 2007. Archived from
5056:10.15585/mmwr.mm6816a1
4233:10.1093/humupd/dmaa010
3153:European Spine Journal
3002:10.3390/ijerph17249573
2602:: CS1 maint: others (
2269:Postpartum thyroiditis
2249:Hyperemesis gravidarum
2194:Gestational pemphigoid
2114:Hyperemesis gravidarum
1885:on the data provided.
1737:Reference (i.e., 1.00)
1290:may increase risks of
1198:fetal alcohol syndrome
676:bereavement counseling
356:Venous thromboembolism
351:Venous thromboembolism
345:cardiovascular disease
224:Hyperemesis gravidarum
219:Hyperemesis gravidarum
169:from severe vomiting.
167:electrolyte imbalances
163:hyperemesis gravidarum
8437:Neurological disorder
8216:Postpartum infections
8211:Postpartum depression
7356:Healthcare inequality
7158:Gender discrimination
6962:Human papilloma virus
6637:Vesicovaginal fistula
6228:"ICD-10 Version:2016"
5494:10.1093/humupd/dmt047
5339:Women's Health Issues
4566:10.1056/NEJMcp1709324
3769:10.1056/NEJMra1213566
3346:10.1186/1471-2393-9-8
2274:Postpartum depression
2229:Uterine incarceration
1983:Postpartum depression
1926:Nonmedelian disorders
1337:High-risk pregnancies
1026:Age of either parent
894:Further information:
888:Further information:
787:Treatment: Immediate
687:multiple miscarriages
459:Further information:
260:psychosocial distress
132:postpartum infections
8578:Soft tissue disorder
8524:Male genital disease
8337:Major Disease groups
8221:Postpartum psychosis
8090:Obstetrical bleeding
7985:Obstetrical bleeding
7806:Integumentary system
7781:Gestational diabetes
7760:related to pregnancy
7758:Other, predominantly
7463:Nurses' Health Study
7371:Reproductive justice
7322:Urinary incontinence
6942:Sexually transmitted
6797:Intrauterine devices
6642:Rectovaginal fistula
6632:Obstetrical fistulae
6560:Gestational diabetes
6555:Obstetrical bleeding
6530:Adolescent pregnancy
6515:Gravidity and parity
6510:Unintended pregnancy
4227:. pp. 650–669.
4133:www.womenshealth.gov
4064:10.46747/cfp.6710791
3446:10.1136/gut.35.1.101
2858:(10100): 1151–1210.
2311:Postpartum nephritis
2290:Herpes gestationitis
2259:Gestational diabetes
2134:Deep vein thrombosis
2109:Gestational diabetes
1978:Postpartum infection
1921:Spontaneous abortion
1856:14.61 (12.10–17.67)
1853:15.62 (14.00–17.45)
1850:19.27 (16.53–20.21)
1817:27.97 (22.24–35.17)
1598:142.8 (102.0–199.8)
1586:154.6 (128.8–185.6)
1284:pharmaceutical drugs
1277:Unintended pregnancy
1179:environmental toxins
1103:gestational diabetes
1009:General risk factors
997:genito-urinary tract
922:spontaneous abortion
835:Multiple pregnancies
762:multiple pregnancies
573:(commonly caused by
524:Some infections are
360:deep vein thrombosis
186:Gestational diabetes
181:Gestational diabetes
8606:Congenital disorder
8547:Postpartum disorder
8478:Respiratory disease
8411:Hematologic disease
8201:Postpartum bleeding
8024:Placental abruption
8009:Monochorionic twins
7839:Prurigo gestationis
7376:Women's empowerment
7244:Alzheimer's disease
6875:Cloth menstrual pad
6832:Fertility awareness
6802:Oral contraceptives
6684:Perinatal mortality
3077:(3): 401–17, viii.
2531:(9832): 2151–2161.
2466:(9859): 2095–2128.
2331:Obstetrical tetanus
2199:Prurigo gestationis
2164:Postpartum bleeding
2008:Placental abruption
1916:Mendelian disorders
1833:10.21 (9.27–11.25)
1820:44.5 (31.68–62.54)
1592:106.1 (85.1–132.3)
1381:
1327:High-risk pregnancy
1216:placental abruption
1160:mislocated placenta
1107:high blood pressure
948:C - Cytomegalovirus
916:that produce minor
864:, sharing the same
852:, sharing the same
766:in-utero infections
764:or the presence of
746:Placental abruption
741:Placental abruption
575:Hashimoto's disease
479:respiratory volumes
410:Anemia in pregnancy
266:High blood pressure
102:puerperal disorders
8393:Metabolic disorder
8231:Puerperal mastitis
8186:Breast engorgement
7973:Monoamniotic twins
7963:Chorionic hematoma
7473:Cartwright Inquiry
7384:Politics, research
7202:Endometrial cancer
7056:Sexual intercourse
6827:Planned parenthood
6812:Male contraceptive
6281:Maternal mortality
5997:, p. 260-273.
2336:Unicornuate uterus
2321:Obstetric embolism
2264:Hemoglobinopathies
2119:Pelvic girdle pain
2068:Incompetent cervix
2053:Neonatal infection
1839:8.54 (7.16–10.19)
1814:37.5 (30.9–44.45)
1733:Outside pregnancy
1435:Outside pregnancy
1345:congenital defects
1228:: Associated with
1192:recreational drugs
1184:Ionizing radiation
1156:Multiple gestation
1138:Lupus in pregnancy
1115:postterm pregnancy
1088:underweight babies
1068:underweight babies
1030:Adolescent parents
896:Neonatal infection
503:coccidioidomycosis
461:Neonatal infection
364:pulmonary embolism
319:low platelet count
251:peri or postpartum
245:(PGP) disorder is
243:Pelvic girdle pain
238:Pelvic girdle pain
134:including sepsis,
8619:
8618:
8465:Lymphatic disease
8383:Endocrine disease
8352:Parasitic disease
8304:
8303:
8262:Thyroid disorders
8252:Diabetes mellitus
8136:Uterine inversion
8068:Shoulder dystocia
8063:Obstructed labour
8039:
8038:
7903:
7902:
7872:Chorea gravidarum
7648:Ectopic pregnancy
7573:
7572:
7453:
7452:
7278:
7277:
7229:
7228:
7212:Papanicolaou test
7168:Non-communicable
7136:Sexual harassment
7114:Domestic violence
7084:
7083:
6927:
6926:
6724:
6723:
6627:Retained placenta
6545:Ectopic pregnancy
6357:
6356:
6254:Leveno K (2013).
5544:www.nichd.nih.gov
5288:978-0-309-05230-6
4971:10.1136/bmj.h3080
4915:(13): 1642–1654.
4560:(16): 1529–1536.
4279:BMC Public Health
3763:(23): 2211–2218.
3619:10.1002/hep.31559
3118:10.1002/ncp.10205
2581:978-0-7817-8807-6
2279:Hyperpigmentation
2224:Obstetric fistula
1962:Cesarean delivery
1951:Shoulder dystocia
1911:Ectopic pregnancy
1892:
1891:
1876:0.89 (0.53–1.39)
1873:2.29 (1.44–3.65)
1870:1.69 (1.26–2.25)
1867:2.06 (1.60–2.64)
1859:8.44 (7.27–9.75)
1842:4.85 (4.21–5.57)
1836:8.72 (7.83–9.70)
1806:5.48 (4.89–6.12)
1803:5.69 (4.66–6.95)
1800:5.12 (4.53–5.80)
1797:7.14 (6.43–7.94)
1789:1.58 (1.24–1.99)
1786:1.82 (1.27–2.62)
1783:3.01 (2.56–3.53)
1780:4.31 (3.78–4.93)
1772:1.12 (0.86–1.45)
1769:1.46 (0.96–2.20)
1766:3.04 (2.58–3.56)
1763:3.42 (2.95–3.98)
1755:2.95 (2.68–3.25)
1752:3.10 (2.63–3.66)
1749:3.80 (3.44–4.19)
1746:5.08 (4.66–5.54)
1661:30.4 (26.4–35.0)
1655:46.8 (39.1–56.1)
1649:59.3 (54.1–65.0)
1643:75.4 (69.6–81.8)
1632:17.5 (15.3–20.0)
1626:27.4 (23.1–32.4)
1620:33.1 (30.4–36.1)
1614:42.3 (39.2–45.7)
1575:19.7 (17.7–21.9)
1569:18.2 (15.0–22.1)
1563:19.4 (17.4–21.6)
1557:29.2 (26.8–31.9)
1528:17.4 (15.4–19.6)
1499:13.6 (11.8–15.5)
1476:14.2 (13.2–15.3)
1470:20.5 (19.2–21.8)
1095:very large babies
1076:shoulder dystocia
969:placental barrier
939:T - Toxoplasmosis
606:Ectopic pregnancy
601:Ectopic pregnancy
213:weight management
173:Maternal problems
128:maternal bleeding
117:postpartum period
83:
82:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
8644:
8509:Urologic disease
8331:
8324:
8317:
8308:
8291:
8290:
8126:Postmature birth
8114:Placenta accreta
8019:Placenta praevia
8014:Placenta accreta
7958:Chorioamnionitis
7768:Digestive system
7764:
7690:Fetal resorption
7678:Rudimentary horn
7635:abortive outcome
7629:
7600:
7593:
7586:
7577:
7561:
7560:
7549:
7548:
7537:
7536:
7390:
7175:
7095:
7089:Non-reproductive
6938:
6855:Feminine hygiene
6622:Cesarian section
6617:Obstructed labor
6498:
6413:
6394:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6361:
6288:
6269:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6224:
6203:
6197:
6188:
6182:
6176:
6170:
6164:
6158:
6152:
6146:
6140:
6134:
6128:
6122:
6116:
6110:
6104:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6081:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6029:. Archived from
6019:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5879:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5792:
5786:
5780:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5675:
5665:
5633:
5627:
5621:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5440:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5411:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5362:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5305:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5280:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5206:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5154:. Archived from
5144:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5092:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5067:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4973:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4932:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4799:
4782:
4781:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4749:
4731:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4397:(4): 1005–1016.
4386:
4380:
4379:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4304:
4294:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4244:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4076:
4066:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4001:
3992:
3981:
3980:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3892:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3748:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3700:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3639:
3638:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3572:(7): 1427–1438.
3557:
3551:
3550:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3457:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3358:
3348:
3330:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3220:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3014:
3004:
2980:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2958:womenshealth.gov
2950:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2907:(6): e323–e333.
2892:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2708:. Archived from
2703:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2641:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2593:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2393:
2033:Delayed delivery
1946:Chorioamnionitis
1811:Around delivery
1580:Around delivery
1534:11.2 (9.7–13.0)
1505:11.3 (9.7–13.1)
1488:10.7 (9.7–11.6)
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1292:preterm delivery
1288:anti-depressants
1117:and requiring a
822:Placenta accreta
817:Placenta accreta
554:thromboembolisms
358:, consisting of
311:Hemolytic anemia
228:morning sickness
194:high blood sugar
159:morning sickness
140:obstructed labor
42:
30:
21:
8652:
8651:
8647:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8622:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8597:
8564:
8551:
8528:
8500:
8482:
8469:
8451:
8428:
8424:Mental disorder
8415:
8402:
8398:Immune disorder
8374:
8356:
8338:
8335:
8305:
8300:
8278:
8235:
8179:Cracked nipples
8174:Low milk supply
8155:
8141:Uterine rupture
8035:
7930:Oligohydramnios
7915:amniotic cavity
7909:
7899:
7876:
7858:
7809:
7800:
7759:
7753:
7722:
7709:
7695:Molar pregnancy
7634:
7618:
7604:
7574:
7569:
7525:
7510:Family planning
7488:
7482:
7449:
7426:
7385:
7379:
7351:Gender equality
7334:
7328:
7274:
7225:
7207:Cervical cancer
7169:
7162:
7100:
7090:
7080:
7071:Sex differences
7029:Forced marriage
6978:
6943:
6933:
6923:
6865:Menstrual cycle
6836:
6789:Family planning
6787:
6778:
6731:
6720:
6679:Maternal deaths
6670:
6661:Postpartum care
6607:Multiple births
6583:
6492:
6485:
6418:
6409:
6406:
6398:
6388:
6358:
6353:
6352:
6299:
6277:
6272:
6266:
6253:
6249:
6247:Further reading
6244:
6243:
6233:
6231:
6226:
6225:
6206:
6198:
6191:
6183:
6179:
6171:
6167:
6159:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6135:
6131:
6123:
6119:
6111:
6107:
6099:
6095:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6036:
6034:
6021:
6020:
6013:
6005:
6001:
5993:
5989:
5981:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5957:
5953:
5945:
5941:
5933:
5929:
5921:
5917:
5909:
5905:
5897:
5893:
5857:
5856:
5852:
5844:
5840:
5832:
5813:
5805:
5801:
5793:
5789:
5781:
5774:
5766:
5762:
5754:
5750:
5742:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5705:
5701:
5693:
5689:
5648:(2): CD000184.
5635:
5634:
5630:
5622:
5618:
5610:
5606:
5598:
5594:
5586:
5582:
5574:
5570:
5562:
5558:
5548:
5546:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5513:
5509:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5466:
5462:
5452:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5429:
5425:
5394:(11): e008864.
5381:
5380:
5376:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5318:
5316:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5159:
5146:
5145:
5138:
5129:
5127:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5101:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5050:(16): 365–368.
5037:
5036:
5032:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4801:
4800:
4785:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4656:
4654:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4551:
4550:
4543:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4255:
4253:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4204:
4202:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4175:
4173:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4142:
4140:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4113:
4111:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4044:
4043:
4039:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3984:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3932:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3852:. 27 April 2021
3844:
3843:
3839:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3750:
3749:
3740:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3642:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3304:medlineplus.gov
3298:
3297:
3293:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3036:Emergency Nurse
3033:
3032:
3028:
2982:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2940:
2924:1854/LU-5796925
2894:
2893:
2889:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2594:
2582:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2382:
2355:
2350:
2219:Molar pregnancy
2013:Placenta previa
1967:Uterine rupture
1956:Breech delivery
1931:Oligohydramnios
1897:
1825:
1738:
1705:Swedish data B
1702:Swedish data A
1684:7.3 (4.6–11.6)
1672:8.5 (7.0–10.9)
1603:
1482:9.9 (8.5–11.6)
1395:Swedish data B
1392:Swedish data A
1379:
1333:contraindicated
1329:
1248:premature birth
1230:premature birth
1220:placenta previa
1171:
1113:, experiencing
1038:Older parents:
1020:
1011:
902:immune function
898:
892:
886:
878:conjoined twins
846:Multiple births
843:
837:
819:
802:Placenta previa
799:
797:Placenta previa
743:
709:
664:
647:keyhole surgery
645:In most cases,
634:fallopian tubes
603:
591:
568:
562:
550:pulmonary edema
534:
463:
445:
439:
431:parenteral iron
412:
406:
353:
337:low birthweight
333:premature birth
274:
268:
255:pubic symphysis
240:
233:
221:
183:
175:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8650:
8648:
8640:
8639:
8637:Women's health
8634:
8624:
8623:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8613:
8608:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8562:
8556:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8526:
8521:
8519:Breast disease
8516:
8511:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8498:
8493:
8487:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8480:
8474:
8471:
8470:
8468:
8467:
8462:
8456:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8433:
8430:
8429:
8427:
8426:
8420:
8417:
8416:
8414:
8413:
8407:
8404:
8403:
8401:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8367:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8349:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8333:
8326:
8319:
8311:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8298:
8283:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8276:
8271:
8269:Maternal death
8266:
8265:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8243:
8241:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8165:
8163:
8157:
8156:
8154:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8104:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8075:Fetal distress
8072:
8071:
8070:
8060:
8055:
8049:
8047:
8041:
8040:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7982:
7981:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7944:
7939:
7938:
7937:
7935:Polyhydramnios
7932:
7924:amniotic fluid
7919:
7917:
7905:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7886:
7884:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7868:
7866:
7864:Nervous system
7860:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7815:
7813:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7772:
7770:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7742:HELLP syndrome
7734:
7728:
7726:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7645:
7639:
7637:
7633:Pregnancy with
7626:
7620:
7619:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7595:
7588:
7580:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7567:
7555:
7543:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7490:
7487:Women's health
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7442:
7436:
7434:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7398:
7396:
7394:United Nations
7387:
7386:& advocacy
7381:
7380:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7336:
7333:Sociocultural
7330:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7290:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7236:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7221:Ovarian cancer
7218:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7204:
7197:Uterine cancer
7194:
7189:
7183:
7181:
7172:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7141:Sexual assault
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7111:
7105:
7103:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7019:Child marriage
7016:
7014:Breast ironing
7011:
7006:
7004:Breast binding
7001:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6992:Clitoridectomy
6983:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6959:
6954:
6948:
6946:
6935:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6919:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6870:Menstrual aids
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6846:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6793:
6791:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6769:
6759:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6736:
6734:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6654:Husband stitch
6646:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6593:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6532:
6527:
6525:Antenatal care
6522:
6517:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6495:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6471:Fallopian tube
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6423:
6421:
6417:Reproductive
6410:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6396:Women's health
6389:
6387:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6364:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6339:
6320:
6300:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:Classification
6285:
6284:
6276:
6275:External links
6273:
6271:
6270:
6265:978-0071765626
6264:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6204:
6202:, p. 439.
6189:
6187:, p. 435.
6177:
6175:, p. 425.
6165:
6163:, p. 410.
6153:
6151:, p. 382.
6141:
6139:, p. 363.
6129:
6127:, p. 349.
6117:
6115:, p. 335.
6105:
6103:, p. 278.
6093:
6064:(2): 126–132.
6044:
6033:on 6 July 2018
6011:
6009:, p. 274.
5999:
5987:
5985:, p. 252.
5975:
5973:, p. 250.
5963:
5961:, p. 247.
5951:
5949:, p. 241.
5939:
5937:, p. 236.
5927:
5925:, p. 232.
5915:
5913:, p. 225.
5903:
5901:, p. 223.
5891:
5870:(6): 623–627.
5850:
5848:, p. 218.
5838:
5811:
5809:, p. 188.
5799:
5797:, p. 180.
5787:
5785:, p. 171.
5772:
5770:, p. 169.
5760:
5758:, p. 161.
5748:
5746:, p. 154.
5736:
5711:
5709:, p. 152.
5699:
5697:, p. 147.
5687:
5663:10019.1/104301
5628:
5626:, p. 131.
5616:
5614:, p. 130.
5604:
5602:, p. 114.
5592:
5580:
5568:
5556:
5531:
5519:
5507:
5488:(2): 250–261.
5472:
5460:
5435:
5423:
5374:
5345:(5): 325–334.
5325:
5300:
5287:
5265:
5218:
5189:(4): 519–527.
5169:
5136:
5107:
5104:on 2011-09-11.
5079:
5030:
5011:(5): 488–493.
4995:
4944:
4895:
4876:(3): 219–226.
4860:
4817:
4783:
4761:
4702:
4663:
4639:
4622:
4603:(4): 545–550.
4587:
4541:
4522:(1): 137–154.
4506:
4479:(4): 927–941.
4463:
4424:
4381:
4354:(2): 130–135.
4338:
4324:
4262:
4211:
4182:
4149:
4120:
4096:
4037:
4010:(3): 547–556.
3982:
3955:(2): 308–319.
3939:
3912:
3883:(2): 207–221.
3863:
3837:
3808:(6): 701–705.
3792:
3738:
3727:
3712:
3654:
3640:
3613:(1): 318–365.
3593:
3552:
3518:
3489:(9): e018494.
3469:
3440:(1): 101–106.
3420:
3393:(6): 349–353.
3377:
3316:
3291:
3256:
3240:
3211:(7): 439–443.
3188:
3159:(7): 575–589.
3139:
3112:(2): 226–241.
3096:
3061:
3026:
2970:
2938:
2887:
2838:
2819:(4): 242–248.
2803:
2768:
2741:(4): 282–287.
2725:
2690:
2661:
2609:
2580:
2558:
2511:
2445:
2408:(1): e16–e25.
2384:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2346:Arcuate uterus
2343:
2341:Maternal death
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2287:
2286:growth changes
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:HELLP syndrome
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:Twin pregnancy
2085:
2080:
2075:
2073:Posterm infant
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:after delivery
1969:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1728:IRR (95% CI)†
1726:
1725:IRR (95% CI)†
1723:
1722:IRR* (95% CI)
1720:
1719:IRR* (95% CI)
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1690:3.2 (1.9–5.0)
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:6.4 (4.9–8.5)
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1546:5.7 (4.6–7.2)
1544:
1541:
1540:5.8 (4.1–8.3)
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1517:4.1 (3.2–5.2)
1515:
1512:
1511:4.6 (3.1–7.0)
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1459:3.6 (3.4–3.7)
1457:
1454:
1453:3.2 (3.0–3.3)
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:4.2 (4.0–4.4)
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1430:Rate (95% CI)
1428:
1425:
1424:Rate (95% CI)
1422:
1419:
1418:Rate (95% CI)
1416:
1413:
1412:Rate (95% CI)
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1241:
1223:
1205:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1091:
1079:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1036:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1007:
991:), and normal
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
914:microorganisms
908:can cross the
885:
882:
841:Multiple birth
839:Main article:
836:
833:
818:
815:
814:
813:
798:
795:
794:
793:
785:
781:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
663:
660:
659:
658:
640:
637:
602:
599:
590:
587:
571:Hypothyroidism
564:Main article:
561:
560:Hypothyroidism
558:
533:
530:
495:herpes simplex
483:urinary stasis
441:Main article:
438:
435:
424:United Nations
408:Main article:
405:
402:
401:
400:
390:
372:maternal death
352:
349:
329:
328:
322:
307:HELLP syndrome
304:
298:
292:
270:Main article:
267:
264:
239:
236:
231:
220:
217:
196:levels during
182:
179:
174:
171:
81:
80:
77:
71:
70:
67:
61:
60:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8649:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8627:
8612:
8611:Fetal disease
8609:
8607:
8604:
8603:
8600:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8567:
8561:
8558:
8557:
8554:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8531:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8506:
8503:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8488:
8485:
8479:
8476:
8475:
8472:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8457:
8454:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8434:
8431:
8425:
8422:
8421:
8418:
8412:
8409:
8408:
8405:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8377:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8362:
8359:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8344:
8341:
8332:
8327:
8325:
8320:
8318:
8313:
8312:
8309:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8285:
8284:
8281:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8238:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8162:
8158:
8152:
8151:Uterine atony
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8121:Preterm birth
8119:
8115:
8112:
8111:
8110:
8109:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8046:
8042:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7983:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7921:
7920:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7906:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7883:
7879:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7855:
7854:Stretch marks
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7807:
7803:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7769:
7765:
7762:
7756:
7750:
7747:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7737:Pre-eclampsia
7735:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7636:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7606:Pathology of
7601:
7596:
7594:
7589:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7566:
7565:
7556:
7554:
7553:
7544:
7542:
7541:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7485:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7433:
7432:United States
7429:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7388:
7382:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7346:Disadvantaged
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7331:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7307:Urinary tract
7305:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7283:Mental health
7281:
7280:
7271:
7268:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7249:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7231:
7222:
7219:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7199:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7192:Breast cancer
7190:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7101:against women
7096:
7093:
7087:
7077:
7076:Sex education
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7009:Breast health
7007:
7005:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6975:
6972:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6939:
6936:
6930:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6880:Menstrual cup
6878:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6785:
6784:Contraception
6781:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6745:Childlessness
6743:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6730:Reproductive
6727:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6704:Sterilization
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6673:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6602:Preterm birth
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6488:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6437:Clitoral hood
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:Reproductive
6401:
6397:
6393:
6385:
6380:
6378:
6373:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6349:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6267:
6261:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6229:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6169:
6166:
6162:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6133:
6130:
6126:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6109:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6094:
6089:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6048:
6045:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5892:
5887:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5737:
5725:
5721:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5691:
5688:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5596:
5593:
5590:, p. 91.
5589:
5584:
5581:
5578:, p. 88.
5577:
5572:
5569:
5566:, p. 50.
5565:
5560:
5557:
5545:
5541:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5523:
5520:
5517:, p. 47.
5516:
5511:
5508:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5476:
5473:
5470:, p. 13.
5469:
5464:
5461:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5433:, p. 38.
5432:
5427:
5424:
5419:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5378:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5329:
5326:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5290:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5269:
5266:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5173:
5170:
5158:on 2011-09-10
5157:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5100:
5096:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5034:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4664:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4626:
4623:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4510:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4212:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4191:"Miscarriage"
4186:
4183:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4159:"Miscarriage"
4153:
4150:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3940:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3864:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3823:2027.42/29639
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3658:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:NIHR Evidence
3528:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3317:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3251:Pre-eclampsia
3244:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2715:on 2016-03-09
2711:
2707:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Perineal tear
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:Preterm birth
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1863:
1862:
1846:
1845:
1829:
1828:
1810:
1809:
1793:
1792:
1776:
1775:
1759:
1758:
1742:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1715:
1714:
1708:English data
1699:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1398:English data
1389:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1304:preterm birth
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:prenatal care
1268:
1267:socioeconomic
1264:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1234:birth defects
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1169:Environmental
1168:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:preterm birth
1061:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
937:
936:
934:
933:TORCH complex
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
897:
891:
883:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:monochorionic
847:
842:
834:
832:
829:
825:
823:
816:
811:
810:
809:
806:
803:
796:
790:
786:
782:
779:
778:
777:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
747:
740:
735:
732:
729:
726:
725:
724:
722:
718:
713:
706:
701:
698:
695:
692:
691:
690:
688:
684:
679:
677:
672:
668:
661:
656:
655:abortifacient
652:
648:
644:
641:
638:
635:
631:
627:
624:
623:
622:
620:
619:salpingectomy
616:
611:
607:
600:
598:
596:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:pre-eclampsia
538:
531:
529:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
462:
457:
455:
451:
444:
436:
434:
432:
427:
425:
421:
416:
411:
403:
398:
394:
391:
388:
384:
380:
377:
376:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
323:
320:
316:
315:liver enzymes
312:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
286:
282:
281:Pre-eclampsia
279:
278:
277:
273:
265:
263:
261:
256:
252:
248:
244:
237:
235:
229:
225:
218:
216:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
180:
178:
172:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
142:, and unsafe
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
109:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
78:
76:
72:
68:
66:
65:Complications
62:
59:
56:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
8593:Chondropathy
8588:Bone disease
8560:Skin disease
8536:
8388:Malnutrition
8365:Benign tumor
8293:
8286:
8146:Vasa praevia
8106:
8080:Locked twins
7996:
7946:
7922:
7668:Interstitial
7623:
7562:
7550:
7538:
7261:Hip fracture
7256:Osteoporosis
6997:Infibulation
6897:Dysmenorrhea
6890:Sanitary pad
6842:Menstruation
6570:Preeclampsia
6565:Hypertension
6534:
6449:Labia majora
6444:Labia minora
6341:
6322:
6303:
6255:
6232:. Retrieved
6180:
6168:
6156:
6144:
6132:
6120:
6108:
6096:
6061:
6057:
6047:
6035:. Retrieved
6031:the original
6026:
6002:
5990:
5978:
5966:
5954:
5942:
5930:
5918:
5906:
5894:
5867:
5863:
5853:
5841:
5802:
5790:
5763:
5751:
5739:
5727:. Retrieved
5723:
5714:
5702:
5690:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5619:
5607:
5595:
5583:
5571:
5559:
5547:. Retrieved
5543:
5534:
5529:, p. 2.
5522:
5510:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5463:
5451:. Retrieved
5447:
5438:
5426:
5391:
5387:
5377:
5342:
5338:
5328:
5317:. Retrieved
5303:
5292:. Retrieved
5276:
5268:
5235:
5231:
5221:
5186:
5182:
5172:
5160:. Retrieved
5156:the original
5151:
5128:. Retrieved
5119:
5110:
5099:the original
5094:
5082:
5047:
5043:
5033:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4961:
4957:
4947:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4807:
4774:Medline Plus
4773:
4764:
4719:
4715:
4705:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4655:. Retrieved
4652:www.acog.org
4651:
4642:
4632:
4625:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4557:
4553:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4327:
4282:
4278:
4254:. Retrieved
4224:
4214:
4203:. Retrieved
4194:
4185:
4174:. Retrieved
4162:
4152:
4141:. Retrieved
4132:
4123:
4112:. Retrieved
4108:
4099:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4007:
4003:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3931:. Retrieved
3927:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3854:. Retrieved
3849:
3840:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3760:
3756:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3672:
3668:
3657:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3569:
3566:Hypertension
3565:
3555:
3530:
3521:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3336:
3332:
3319:
3309:28 September
3307:. Retrieved
3303:
3294:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3250:
3243:
3208:
3204:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3042:(4): 24–28.
3039:
3035:
3029:
2995:(24): 9573.
2992:
2988:
2962:. Retrieved
2960:. 2016-12-14
2957:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2784:(2): 83–94.
2781:
2777:
2771:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2717:. Retrieved
2710:the original
2705:
2693:
2682:. Retrieved
2673:
2664:
2629:
2625:
2570:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2463:
2459:
2448:
2405:
2401:
2297:of pregnancy
2043:Incontinence
1998:Preeclampsia
1993:Hypertension
1972:Hysterectomy
1898:
1886:
1881:
1716:Time period
1711:Danish data
1406:Time period
1401:Danish data
1330:
1282:Exposure to
1246:: Can cause
1208:Tobacco use:
1190:Exposure to
1177:Exposure to
1172:
1111:preeclampsia
1021:
1012:
1001:
967:without the
954:
930:
899:
874:entanglement
866:amniotic sac
862:monoamniotic
844:
830:
826:
820:
807:
800:
770:
758:hypertension
751:
744:
721:peer support
710:
680:
665:
651:methotrexate
642:
625:
621:(surgery).
610:implantation
604:
592:
569:
546:hypertension
535:
523:
464:
446:
428:
417:
413:
392:
378:
367:
354:
330:
275:
241:
222:
184:
176:
148:
121:
110:
106:
85:
84:
75:Risk factors
8447:Ear disease
8442:Eye disease
8085:Nuchal cord
7834:Linea nigra
7786:Hepatitis E
7719:proteinuria
7700:Miscarriage
7685:Embryo loss
7663:Heterotopic
7564:WikiProject
7251:Bone health
7187:Lung cancer
7024:Dyspareunia
6967:HPV vaccine
6907:Amenorrhoea
6902:Menorrhagia
6740:Infertility
6689:Stillbirths
6550:Miscarriage
6200:Leveno 2013
6185:Leveno 2013
6173:Leveno 2013
6161:Leveno 2013
6149:Leveno 2013
6137:Leveno 2013
6125:Leveno 2013
6113:Leveno 2013
6101:Leveno 2013
6007:Leveno 2013
5995:Leveno 2013
5983:Leveno 2013
5971:Leveno 2013
5959:Leveno 2013
5947:Leveno 2013
5935:Leveno 2013
5923:Leveno 2013
5911:Leveno 2013
5899:Leveno 2013
5846:Leveno 2013
5834:Leveno 2013
5807:Leveno 2013
5795:Leveno 2013
5783:Leveno 2013
5768:Leveno 2013
5756:Leveno 2013
5744:Leveno 2013
5707:Leveno 2013
5695:Leveno 2013
5624:Leveno 2013
5612:Leveno 2013
5600:Leveno 2013
5588:Leveno 2013
5576:Leveno 2013
5564:Leveno 2013
5527:Leveno 2013
5515:Leveno 2013
5468:Leveno 2013
5431:Leveno 2013
4833:(2): 1–17.
4683:: 102–116.
4057:(10): 791.
3675:(4): e446.
2632:: 111–119.
2480:10292/13775
2038:Fetal death
1830:Postpartum
1743:Antepartum
1608:Postpartum
1464:Antepartum
1265:Social and
1040:As they age
973:hepatitis B
965:body fluids
945:R - Rubella
848:may become
784:hydramnios.
667:Miscarriage
662:Miscarriage
491:hepatitis E
454:hepatitis E
313:, elevated
285:proteinuria
192:, develops
96:are termed
8626:Categories
8095:Postpartum
7990:Antepartum
7705:Stillbirth
7616:puerperium
7614:, and the
7612:childbirth
7489:by country
7293:Depression
6944:infections
6649:Episiotomy
6589:Childbirth
6520:Obstetrics
5319:2011-08-18
5294:2011-09-03
5238:: 103237.
5130:2013-10-26
4657:2022-09-16
4444:: 95–102.
4285:(1): 239.
4256:2024-08-11
4205:2017-02-13
4195:NHS Choice
4176:2022-09-12
4163:StatPearls
4143:2016-11-13
4114:2017-07-27
4109:www.nhs.uk
3933:2022-03-12
3669:HemaSphere
3607:Hepatology
3272:(1): 1–7.
2964:2018-11-07
2719:2015-07-08
2684:2015-07-08
2525:The Lancet
2460:The Lancet
2380:References
2214:Stillbirth
2083:Macrosomia
2023:Rh disease
1936:Hydramnios
1286:: Certain
1099:childbirth
1018:Biological
985:gonorrhoea
792:necessary.
717:counseling
712:Stillbirth
707:Stillbirth
643:Treatment:
467:infections
420:hemoglobin
418:Levels of
387:childbirth
341:stillbirth
209:beta cells
206:pancreatic
124:puerperium
113:puerperium
94:childbirth
58:Obstetrics
8347:Infection
8161:Puerperal
7749:Eclampsia
7653:Abdominal
7624:Pregnancy
7608:pregnancy
7119:Pregnancy
7099:Violence
7039:Vaginitis
6912:Menopause
6772:Fostering
6762:Parenting
6732:life plan
6597:Midwifery
6575:Eclampsia
6502:Pregnancy
6491:Maternal
6058:Neurology
5252:0266-6138
5232:Midwifery
5162:7 October
4981:2164/4642
4964:: h3080.
4738:2235-2988
4091:238861265
3977:115198534
3907:210701262
3689:2572-9241
3627:0270-9139
3547:265356623
2648:0301-2115
2598:cite book
2590:298509160
2545:0140-6736
2488:0140-6736
2422:2214-109X
2003:Eclampsia
1121:delivery.
989:chlamydia
931:The term
924:or major
906:pathogens
626:Caused by
515:varicella
487:influenza
450:influenza
437:Infection
393:Treatment
379:Caused by
295:Eclampsia
198:pregnancy
90:pregnancy
53:Specialty
8295:Category
8108:placenta
7998:placenta
7658:Cervical
7643:Abortion
7540:Category
7500:Ethiopia
7422:UN Women
7239:Dementia
7170:diseases
7153:Femicide
7131:Misogyny
7051:Polygamy
6952:Safe sex
6860:Menarche
6767:Adoption
6694:Abortion
6612:Oxytocin
6432:Clitoris
6088:19398682
6027:sogc.org
5682:25674710
5673:10363414
5502:24101604
5418:26560059
5388:BMJ Open
5369:19733802
5313:Archived
5260:34999509
5213:19565330
5124:Archived
5122:. 2009.
5074:31022164
5025:22400308
5017:20822083
4990:26109551
4939:29978553
4890:20887538
4855:42701860
4847:12095025
4812:Archived
4778:Archived
4756:35755838
4697:32698993
4617:10214831
4582:81685472
4574:29669225
4536:23466142
4501:22774083
4493:16582134
4458:32862031
4411:17012465
4368:29489503
4311:25885887
4251:32358607
4199:Archived
4171:30422585
4137:Archived
4083:34649907
4032:71053515
4024:31345522
3969:30985406
3899:31948651
3856:March 6,
3787:24897084
3707:32885142
3635:32946672
3588:37170819
3513:33870708
3415:24784165
3407:16868757
3369:Archived
3365:19245695
3286:23746796
3235:52018638
3227:30114872
3183:15338362
3134:52987088
3126:30334272
3091:18760227
3056:22876404
3021:33371325
2933:25103301
2882:28919116
2833:16814217
2798:12051189
2763:38872754
2678:Archived
2656:38608353
2553:22579125
2506:23245604
2497:10790329
2440:25103581
2353:See also
2149:Mastitis
2099:Seizures
2095:and more
2093:Triplets
1447:3.8 (?)
1258:Cannabis
1119:cesarean
910:placenta
789:delivery
595:placenta
519:Mastitis
511:smallpox
190:diabetes
144:abortion
7948:chorion
7673:Ovarian
7552:Commons
7341:Poverty
7335:factors
7312:Urethra
7288:Anxiety
7270:Anaemia
7066:Puberty
7046:Leblouh
6932:Sexual
6807:Condoms
6348:D011248
6079:3475195
5877:1818025
5409:4654387
5360:2839867
5204:2895902
5065:6483284
4930:6283049
4802:Merck.
4747:9217740
4376:3607787
4319:5241108
4302:4372174
4242:7456349
4197:. NHS.
4074:8516186
3832:1957190
3778:4459512
3698:7437563
3663:2020).
3504:8200761
3464:8307428
3455:1374642
3356:2654858
3174:3476662
3012:7767324
2873:5605883
2755:7612509
2431:4547326
1887:Source:
1315:Culture
1048:fathers
1044:mothers
1042:, both
1002:Candida
999:(e.g.,
995:of the
983:(e.g.,
951:H - HSV
918:illness
854:chorion
754:smoking
630:smoking
507:measles
499:malaria
202:insulin
8370:Cancer
7952:amnion
7517:Russia
7179:Cancer
7091:health
7061:Orgasm
6934:health
6885:Tampon
6493:health
6466:Uterus
6461:Cervix
6456:Vagina
6407:health
6262:
6234:16 May
6086:
6076:
6037:15 May
5884:
5874:
5729:14 May
5680:
5670:
5549:14 May
5500:
5453:14 May
5416:
5406:
5367:
5357:
5285:
5258:
5250:
5211:
5201:
5072:
5062:
5023:
5015:
4988:
4937:
4927:
4888:
4853:
4845:
4754:
4744:
4736:
4695:
4615:
4580:
4572:
4534:
4499:
4491:
4456:
4419:960903
4417:
4409:
4374:
4366:
4317:
4309:
4299:
4249:
4239:
4169:
4089:
4081:
4071:
4030:
4022:
3975:
3967:
3905:
3897:
3830:
3785:
3775:
3705:
3695:
3687:
3633:
3625:
3586:
3545:
3511:
3501:
3462:
3452:
3413:
3405:
3363:
3353:
3284:
3233:
3225:
3181:
3171:
3132:
3124:
3089:
3054:
3019:
3009:
2931:
2880:
2870:
2852:Lancet
2831:
2796:
2761:
2753:
2654:
2646:
2588:
2578:
2551:
2543:
2504:
2494:
2486:
2438:
2428:
2420:
1960:Prior
1882:Notes:
1298:Stress
1082:Weight
1072:pelvis
1060:Height
719:, and
513:, and
404:Anemia
317:and a
8240:Other
8045:Labor
7911:fetus
7882:Blood
7721:, and
7715:Edema
7505:India
7495:China
6786:&
6476:Ovary
6419:tract
5886:77714
5102:(PDF)
5091:(PDF)
5021:S2CID
4870:Birth
4851:S2CID
4578:S2CID
4497:S2CID
4415:S2CID
4372:S2CID
4315:S2CID
4087:S2CID
4028:S2CID
4000:(PDF)
3973:S2CID
3903:S2CID
3543:S2CID
3411:S2CID
3372:(PDF)
3339:: 8.
3329:(PDF)
3231:S2CID
3130:S2CID
2778:Birth
2759:S2CID
2713:(PDF)
2702:(PDF)
2204:Lupus
1456:2895
1450:1480
1444:1015
1438:1105
1349:heart
993:fauna
961:blood
957:birth
653:, an
289:edema
7913:and
7146:Rape
6343:MeSH
6328:9-CM
6260:ISBN
6236:2017
6084:PMID
6039:2017
5882:PMID
5731:2017
5678:PMID
5646:2015
5551:2017
5498:PMID
5455:2017
5414:PMID
5365:PMID
5283:ISBN
5256:PMID
5248:ISSN
5209:PMID
5164:2011
5070:PMID
5013:PMID
4986:PMID
4935:PMID
4909:BJOG
4886:PMID
4843:PMID
4752:PMID
4734:ISSN
4693:PMID
4613:PMID
4570:PMID
4532:PMID
4489:PMID
4454:PMID
4407:PMID
4364:PMID
4307:PMID
4247:PMID
4167:PMID
4079:PMID
4020:PMID
3965:PMID
3895:PMID
3858:2023
3828:PMID
3783:PMID
3703:PMID
3685:ISSN
3631:PMID
3623:ISSN
3584:PMID
3509:PMID
3460:PMID
3403:PMID
3361:PMID
3311:2022
3282:PMID
3223:PMID
3179:PMID
3122:PMID
3087:PMID
3052:PMID
3017:PMID
2929:PMID
2878:PMID
2829:PMID
2794:PMID
2751:PMID
2652:PMID
2644:ISSN
2604:link
2586:OCLC
2576:ISBN
2549:PMID
2541:ISSN
2502:PMID
2484:ISSN
2436:PMID
2418:ISSN
2284:Hair
1687:319
1658:199
1652:177
1646:460
1640:584
1629:218
1623:135
1617:509
1611:649
1583:115
1572:355
1566:103
1560:340
1554:513
1531:178
1525:275
1502:172
1496:207
1485:491
1479:156
1473:690
1467:995
1250:and
1236:and
1218:and
1200:and
1066:and
1046:and
987:and
963:and
872:and
674:and
497:and
481:and
362:and
247:pain
6957:HIV
6337:648
6333:630
6324:ICD
6318:O48
6314:O00
6305:ICD
6074:PMC
6066:doi
5872:PMC
5868:118
5668:PMC
5658:hdl
5650:doi
5490:doi
5404:PMC
5396:doi
5355:PMC
5347:doi
5240:doi
5236:105
5199:PMC
5191:doi
5060:PMC
5052:doi
4976:hdl
4966:doi
4962:350
4958:BMJ
4925:PMC
4917:doi
4913:125
4878:doi
4835:doi
4742:PMC
4724:doi
4685:doi
4605:doi
4562:doi
4558:378
4524:doi
4481:doi
4477:107
4446:doi
4442:253
4399:doi
4395:108
4356:doi
4297:PMC
4287:doi
4237:PMC
4229:doi
4069:PMC
4059:doi
4012:doi
3957:doi
3885:doi
3850:NIH
3818:hdl
3810:doi
3773:PMC
3765:doi
3761:370
3693:PMC
3677:doi
3615:doi
3574:doi
3535:doi
3499:PMC
3491:doi
3450:PMC
3442:doi
3434:Gut
3395:doi
3391:274
3351:PMC
3341:doi
3274:doi
3270:170
3213:doi
3169:PMC
3161:doi
3114:doi
3079:doi
3044:doi
3007:PMC
2997:doi
2919:hdl
2909:doi
2868:PMC
2860:doi
2856:390
2821:doi
2786:doi
2743:doi
2739:102
2674:CDC
2634:doi
2630:297
2533:doi
2529:379
2492:PMC
2476:hdl
2468:doi
2464:380
2426:PMC
2410:doi
1681:18
1675:49
1669:65
1595:34
1589:79
1543:75
1537:30
1514:61
1508:23
977:HIV
615:PID
608:is
339:or
8628::
7950:/
7717:,
7610:,
6346::
6331::
6312::
6309:10
6207:^
6192:^
6082:.
6072:.
6062:73
6060:.
6056:.
6025:.
6014:^
5880:.
5866:.
5862:.
5814:^
5775:^
5722:.
5676:.
5666:.
5656:.
5644:.
5640:.
5542:.
5496:.
5486:20
5484:.
5446:.
5412:.
5402:.
5390:.
5386:.
5363:.
5353:.
5343:19
5341:.
5337:.
5311:.
5254:.
5246:.
5234:.
5230:.
5207:.
5197:.
5187:14
5185:.
5181:.
5150:.
5139:^
5118:.
5093:.
5068:.
5058:.
5048:68
5046:.
5042:.
5019:.
5009:82
5007:.
4984:.
4974:.
4960:.
4956:.
4933:.
4923:.
4911:.
4907:.
4884:.
4874:37
4872:.
4849:.
4841:.
4831:15
4829:.
4806:.
4786:^
4772:.
4750:.
4740:.
4732:.
4722:.
4720:12
4718:.
4714:.
4691:.
4681:72
4679:.
4675:.
4650:.
4611:.
4601:93
4599:.
4576:.
4568:.
4556:.
4544:^
4530:.
4520:40
4518:.
4495:.
4487:.
4475:.
4452:.
4440:.
4436:.
4413:.
4405:.
4393:.
4370:.
4362:.
4352:30
4350:.
4313:.
4305:.
4295:.
4283:15
4281:.
4277:.
4265:^
4245:.
4235:.
4223:.
4193:.
4161:.
4135:.
4131:.
4107:.
4085:.
4077:.
4067:.
4055:67
4053:.
4049:.
4026:.
4018:.
4008:48
4002:.
3985:^
3971:.
3963:.
3953:62
3951:.
3926:.
3915:^
3901:.
3893:.
3881:75
3879:.
3875:.
3848:.
3826:.
3816:.
3806:33
3804:.
3781:.
3771:.
3759:.
3755:.
3741:^
3701:.
3691:.
3683:.
3671:.
3667:.
3643:^
3629:.
3621:.
3611:73
3609:.
3605:.
3582:.
3570:80
3568:.
3564:.
3541:.
3529:.
3507:.
3497:.
3487:10
3485:.
3481:.
3458:.
3448:.
3438:35
3436:.
3432:.
3409:.
3401:.
3389:.
3367:.
3359:.
3349:.
3335:.
3331:.
3302:.
3280:.
3268:.
3229:.
3221:.
3209:47
3207:.
3203:.
3191:^
3177:.
3167:.
3157:13
3155:.
3151:.
3128:.
3120:.
3110:34
3108:.
3085:.
3075:35
3073:.
3050:.
3040:20
3038:.
3015:.
3005:.
2993:17
2991:.
2987:.
2973:^
2956:.
2941:^
2927:.
2917:.
2903:.
2899:.
2876:.
2866:.
2854:.
2850:.
2827:.
2817:51
2815:.
2792:.
2782:29
2780:.
2757:.
2749:.
2737:.
2704:.
2676:.
2672:.
2650:.
2642:.
2628:.
2624:.
2612:^
2600:}}
2596:{{
2584:.
2561:^
2547:.
2539:.
2527:.
2523:.
2500:.
2490:.
2482:.
2474:.
2462:.
2458:.
2434:.
2424:.
2416:.
2404:.
2400:.
2388:^
1427:N
1421:N
1415:N
1409:N
1335:.
1232:,
1214:,
1109:,
1105:,
975:,
756:,
678:.
552:,
544:,
517:.
509:,
505:,
493:,
489:,
452:,
433:.
381::
335:,
309:–
146:.
138:,
130:,
8330:e
8323:t
8316:v
7808:/
7599:e
7592:t
7585:v
6383:e
6376:t
6369:v
6335:-
6326:-
6316:-
6307:-
6297:D
6268:.
6238:.
6090:.
6068::
6041:.
5888:.
5836:.
5733:.
5684:.
5660::
5652::
5553:.
5504:.
5492::
5457:.
5420:.
5398::
5392:5
5371:.
5349::
5322:.
5297:.
5262:.
5242::
5215:.
5193::
5166:.
5133:.
5076:.
5054::
5027:.
4992:.
4978::
4968::
4941:.
4919::
4892:.
4880::
4857:.
4837::
4758:.
4726::
4699:.
4687::
4660:.
4619:.
4607::
4584:.
4564::
4538:.
4526::
4503:.
4483::
4460:.
4448::
4421:.
4401::
4378:.
4358::
4335:.
4321:.
4289::
4259:.
4231::
4208:.
4179:.
4146:.
4117:.
4093:.
4061::
4034:.
4014::
3979:.
3959::
3936:.
3909:.
3887::
3860:.
3834:.
3820::
3812::
3789:.
3767::
3709:.
3679::
3673:4
3637:.
3617::
3590:.
3576::
3549:.
3537::
3515:.
3493::
3466:.
3444::
3417:.
3397::
3343::
3337:9
3313:.
3288:.
3276::
3237:.
3215::
3185:.
3163::
3136:.
3116::
3093:.
3081::
3058:.
3046::
3023:.
2999::
2967:.
2935:.
2921::
2911::
2905:2
2884:.
2862::
2835:.
2823::
2800:.
2788::
2765:.
2745::
2722:.
2687:.
2658:.
2636::
2606:)
2592:.
2555:.
2535::
2508:.
2478::
2470::
2442:.
2412::
2406:1
1824:–
1602:–
1374:e
1367:t
1360:v
1294:.
1273:.
1240:.
1204:.
1162:.
1090:.
1078:.
1054:.
657:.
636:.
389:.
368:.
232:6
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.