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Oceanic-class ocean liner

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447: 537: 841: 67: 461:, the class featured a number of innovations in ocean liner design. Amongst these, was the moving of the first class passenger accommodation amidships, as this was located further away from the noise and vibration of the propeller, as well as being less affected by the extreme motion of the ship in rough weather. On previous ships, the passenger accommodation had been located aft below the 26: 473:, to let in more light. Electric bells were provided in each saloon cabin, in order to allow the occupants to summon stewards. The dining saloon, which was also amidships, provided individual seats rather than older style bench seating. The steerage accommodation, although lacking in the comfort of the first class, was of higher quality than was common for ships of the period. 632: 782:, which accounts for the name. She was the last of the initial quartet of ships, and her engines were built by G. Forrester & Co. She made her maiden voyage in February 1872, from Liverpool to New York, which was marked by extremely rough seas, causing extensive, but minor damage to the ship. From October 1872, she was used experimentally on a service to 759: 899: 692: 501:, which could propel the ships via a single propeller to a speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph), these were supplied with steam by twelve double ended boilers, which consumed around 70 tons of coal per-day. As Harland & Wolff had not yet gained any expertise in building engines, they were built by either 468:
The ships were designed to carry 166 crew, plus 166 saloon, or first class passengers, and 1,000 steerage, or third class passengers. The saloon passenger accommodation was luxuriously furnished, and was described as being 'more like an imperial yacht' than a passenger liner, and included features
728:, in that her engines, built by Maudslay, Sons & Field were of an improved design, and she had improved passenger accommodation. She made her maiden voyage on the Liverpool-Queenstown-New York route in September 1871, and in January 1873, she captured the much sought after westbound 621:. In 1895 she was sent back to Harland & Wolff with the intention of fitting a new engine in order to prolong her service life, instead it was found to be uneconomical to do this work due to the ship's age, and she was sold for scrap and broken up the following year. 410:. Schwabe proposed to Ismay that he would provide the finance for Ismay's ships, on the condition that all of them would be built at his nephew's shipyard. Ismay agreed on the condition that Harland and Wolff would not build ships for his competitors. To this end the 859:
was launched in October 1871, and was a different design than the previous four ships, being slightly larger, and with more powerful engines. In April 1872, she made her maiden voyage to New York. She was fitted with an experimental
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Immediately four steamships, which were to become the Oceanic class were ordered from Harland & Wolff, with the order later increased to six. In order for the company to compete against established shipping lines, such as the
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was launched in November 1870, and commenced her maiden voyage in June 1871. She successfully completed eighteen voyages, however her nineteenth voyage commencing in March 1873 would end in tragedy: On a westbound crossing,
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in order to refuel the ship. Few of the crew had any experience of the approach to Halifax harbour, and unbeknown to them, the ship was miles off course, and en route to the harbour, the ship struck an underwater rock.
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had a somewhat accident prone career, and was involved in two further collisions with smaller ships in 1875 and 1878 respectively. both of which sank the smaller vessels, and the latter involved loss of life. In 1884,
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to New York route, however the ship was too large for the passenger loadings on that route, and the service was not a commercial success. and only eight sailings were made. In 1898, she was sold for scrap.
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except for her engines being made by G. Forrester & Co. Her maiden voyage was in October 1871. She served with reasonable success on the North Atlantic route, until May 1887, when she was involved in a
480:. The ships also featured a single deck structure, which itself supported a deck, a change from the isolated deckhouses of earlier ships. The ships had three decks, and were divided into 387:. In 1867 this first incarnation of the company entered liquidation after accumulating large debts. The name, goodwill and house flag of the White Star Line were sold to the shipowner 1244: 664:
battled against heavy seas and strong winds the whole way, the slow progress of the journey, led to concerns that the ship would not have enough coal remaining to make it to
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rapidly foundered, leading to the deaths of at least 585 of the 952 persons on board. This would be the largest tragedy to occur on a White Star Line ship until the
1334: 2242: 868:, however this proved unsuccessful due to gas leaks caused by the motion of the ship, and the ship reverted to oil lamps. In October 1874, she collided with 561:
was launched in August 1870, built at a cost of £120,000 (equivalent to £14,500,000 in 2023) it was the first White Star ship to use a name ending with
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made her maiden voyage in March 1871, which failed to attract much custom, carrying only 64 passengers, whilst 300 people sailed on the more established
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in most respects, except that her engines were built by G. Forrester & Co of Liverpool as opposed to Maudslay, Sons & Field of Lambeth.
2217: 1082: 477: 786:, however by the following year it became clear that this service was not commercially viable and it was abandoned. When the larger liners 1327: 1230: 748:, in 1890 she had new engines fitted, and in February 1898, she struck a submerged derelict wreck, and sank without any loss of life. 736:
served White Star on the North Atlantic run for 17 years, except for two brief periods in 1883 and 1885 when she was chartered to the
465:; a leftover from sailing ship days. Another innovation was in the length to breadth ratio, which was 10/1 in place of the usual 8/1. 954:. She was repaired and returned to service until 1891, when she was retired and put up for sale. In 1893, she was sold to the Danish 615:, a route which she served successfully for the next twenty years, except for one incidence in 1888 when she collided with, and sank 1177: 1107: 1032: 438:, the on the lucrative North Atlantic run, the new steamers were intended to set new standards of passenger comfort and amenities. 802:
became White Star's reserve vessel, used whenever another ship was undergoing repairs or maintenance. In 1889 she was sold to the
779: 2227: 830:, and in 1910 she was broken up for scrap, after a total career of 38 years, making her the longest lived member of the class. 1237: 394:
Ismay had ambitions to own a fleet of steamships for the North Atlantic route, and in 1869 he met with the shipping financier
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was refitted and second class accommodation was added. She made her final voyage in 1897, and was scrapped two years later.
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such as running water with bathtubs provided for passengers. Each saloon class cabin was equipped with larger than normal
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businessmen John Pilkington and Henry Threlfall Wilson, which had been largely concerned with transporting emigrants to
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These were followed by two further ships of similar design which were slightly larger than the first four, these were:
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which claimed the lives of more than 500 people, the remainder of the class however had long and successful careers.
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Another innovation was the use of lightweight railings around the edges of the decks, replacing the old and heavy
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The class has been hailed as a landmark in the development of ocean liner design. One member of the class, SS
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became surplus to the company's needs on the North Atlantic, and instead, she was chartered to the
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was the class pioneer, her service with the White Star Line was fairly short lived, as, when
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which had disappeared in the Atlantic in 1856. This led to the decision to rename the ship
2080: 1817: 1776: 1736: 1584: 1560: 1552: 1343: 1130: 955: 492: 275: 70: 565:, beginning a naming tradition which would last for the rest of the company's existence. 2097: 1976: 1204: 458: 283: 2211: 783: 665: 604: 600: 435: 2048: 2025: 1600: 946:, when she collided at right angle with the larger ship in fog, nearly sinking the 861: 814:-New York route. In 1902 she was sold to the Italian company La Veloce and renamed 498: 399: 384: 840: 1199: 2112: 2104: 2073: 1992: 1920: 1896: 1865: 1800: 1616: 1416: 869: 732:
achieving a timing of 7 days, 20 hours, 9 minutes, from New York to Queenstown.
729: 570: 423: 263: 233: 149: 86: 1200:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 66: 25: 1968: 1952: 1928: 1840: 1784: 1760: 1640: 963: 737: 578: 431: 427: 278:, for the transatlantic service. They were the company's first generation of 198: 194: 1222: 2008: 1824: 1744: 1720: 1696: 1672: 1632: 1544: 920: 811: 612: 514: 462: 380: 376: 279: 631: 2000: 1712: 1704: 1664: 1648: 865: 608: 470: 1312: 758: 1944: 506: 407: 271: 898: 691: 414:(OSNCo) was established in September that year, using the established 1593: 827: 708:
The third ship in the class was launched in March 1871 with the name
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which had sunk in 1854, and so the decision was taken to rename it
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The sixth and final ship of the group was originally to be called
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whilst it was still being built. It was launched in June 1871.
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The class consisted of two groups, the first four ships were:
983:, later White Star ship named after its earlier namesake. 548:, the following three ships were built to the same design 2200:
Years indicate year of entry into White Star service.
668:, leading the captain to decide instead to divert to 2148: 1393: 1366: 1351: 879:when leaving New York, causing substantial damage. 1170:White Star Line (Oceanic Steam Navigation Company) 712:, however the press raised memories of an earlier 651:was nearly identical to her older sister ship 1328: 1238: 8: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1335: 1321: 1313: 1245: 1231: 1223: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1044: 778:was launched on 4 July 1871, which is the 286:passenger trade, entering service between 244:166 first class, 1,000 steerage passengers 1196:inflation figures are based on data from 597:Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company 236:(26 km/h; 16 mph) service speed 1102:. Ian Allan Publishing. pp. 67–90. 1027:. Ian Allan Publishing. pp. 12–66. 491:The ships were powered by four-cylinder 450:Postcard showing the side profile of SS 175:to 452 ft 2 in (137.82 m) 1077:. Ian Allan Publishing. pp. 8–24. 1015: 581:deck, to act as a breakwater. Although 1163: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1121: 1119: 172:420 ft 2 in (128.07 m) 20: 2243:Passenger ships of the United Kingdom 7: 818:, before quickly being switching to 185:40 ft 10 in (12.45 m) 359:was lost early on in her career in 1100:The History of the White Star Line 1025:The History of the White Star Line 14: 940:with the fellow White Star liner 919:, however there had been another 418:name as its public facing brand. 2238:Ships built by Harland and Wolff 2233:Steamships of the United Kingdom 412:Oceanic Steam Navigation Company 65: 24: 375:had been set up in 1845 by two 371:The first company known as the 780:United States Independence Day 740:. In 1888 she was sold to the 1: 2197:List of White Star Line ships 1073:Kerbrech, Richard De (2009). 1001:, the follow-up ships to the 864:system in place of the usual 211:compound reciprocating engine 197:(1,484 kW) - 3,500  16:Iron-hulled ocean liner class 2218:Ships of the White Star Line 1075:Ships of the White Star Line 599:(O&O) to operate on the 511:George Forrester and Company 798:came into service in 1875, 724:was an improved version of 591:came into service in 1875, 2264: 1254:Oceanic-class ocean liners 908: 849: 768: 701: 641: 551: 546:Merseyside Maritime Museum 503:Maudslay, Sons & Field 2193: 1260: 720:prior to her completion. 402:, the joint owner of the 140: 47:Oceanic-class ocean liner 38: 23: 1098:Gardiner, Robin (2001). 1023:Gardiner, Robin (2001). 681:39 years later in 1912. 406:shipbuilding company in 1198:Clark, Gregory (2017). 1127:"OCEANIC (I) FACT FILE" 931:was the same design as 824:1908 Messina earthquake 810:, and as placed on the 482:watertight compartments 398:, who was the uncle of 141:General characteristics 2228:Ships built in Belfast 906: 847: 766: 699: 679:sinking of the Titanic 639: 549: 454: 1168:Haws, Duncan (1990). 901: 843: 761: 694: 634: 539: 449: 804:Holland America Line 742:Holland America Line 670:Halifax, Nova Scotia 262:were a group of six 2223:Ocean liner classes 950:and badly damaging 540:Builder's model of 1194:Retail Price Index 1172:. pp. 30–35. 907: 852:SS Adriatic (1871) 848: 771:SS Republic (1871) 767: 700: 644:SS Atlantic (1870) 640: 618:SS City of Chester 550: 455: 389:Thomas Henry Ismay 213:, single propeller 209:One four cylinder 2205: 2204: 1386:(never completed) 1378:(order cancelled) 1310: 1309: 1084:978-0-7110-3366-5 938:serious coilision 921:ship of that name 714:ship by that name 554:SS Oceanic (1870) 404:Harland and Wolff 268:Harland and Wolff 256: 255: 77:Succeeded by 56:Harland and Wolff 2255: 1337: 1330: 1323: 1314: 1247: 1240: 1233: 1224: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1165: 1142: 1141: 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article: 688: 683: 642:Main article: 628: 623: 552:Main article: 533: 528: 526: 523: 459:Edward Harland 443: 440: 396:Gustav Schwabe 368: 365: 353: 352: 344: 332: 331: 323: 315: 307: 284:North Atlantic 254: 253: 250: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 230: 226: 225: 219: 215: 214: 207: 203: 202: 191: 187: 186: 183: 179: 178: 177: 176: 173: 168: 164: 163: 159:3,707 - 3,888 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 78: 74: 73: 63: 59: 58: 53: 49: 48: 45: 41: 40: 39:Class overview 36: 35: 29: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2260: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2165: 2164:Jubilee class 2162: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2067: 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2130:Britannic 2122:Laurentic 2050:Haverford 1978:Britannic 1962:Vaderland 1938:Zealandic 1890:Laurentic 1794:Victorian 1770:Corinthic 1522:Britannic 989:Britannic 948:Britannic 943:Britannic 886:Adriatic 866:oil lamps 812:Rotterdam 789:Britannic 613:Hong Kong 515:Liverpool 486:bulkheads 484:by seven 471:portholes 463:poop deck 381:Australia 377:Liverpool 266:built by 218:Sail plan 117:Completed 104:1871–1910 96:1870–1872 82:Britannic 62:Operators 2177:Big Four 2114:Calgaric 2106:Albertic 2066:Majestic 1994:Justicia 1898:Megantic 1882:Adriatic 1834:Republic 1802:Armenian 1618:Magnetic 1610:Majestic 1602:Teutonic 1530:Germanic 1482:Adriatic 1474:Republic 1442:Atlantic 1294:Adriatic 1287:Republic 1273:Atlantic 997:Germanic 971:See also 933:Adriatic 881:Adriatic 857:Adriatic 835:Adriatic 816:Vittoria 800:Republic 795:Germanic 776:Republic 764:Republic 753:Republic 675:Atlantic 666:New York 662:Atlantic 657:Atlantic 649:Atlantic 637:Atlantic 626:Atlantic 609:Yokohama 603:between 588:Germanic 575:Calabria 493:compound 478:bulwarks 442:Features 434:and the 357:Atlantic 347:SS  341:Adriatic 339:SS  328:Republic 326:SS  318:SS  312:Atlantic 310:SS  302:SS  241:Capacity 133:Scrapped 52:Builders 2183:Olympic 2170:Athenic 2157:Oceanic 2149:Classes 2138:Georgic 2090:Delphic 2042:Homeric 1970:Lapland 1954:Ceramic 1946:Titanic 1922:Olympic 1914:Traffic 1906:Zeeland 1842:Canopic 1818:Romanic 1762:Athenic 1730:Oceanic 1690:Delphic 1682:Georgic 1642:Naronic 1626:Nomadic 1498:Traffic 1466:Asiatic 1434:Oceanic 1418:Tayleur 1383:Oceanic 1375:Olympic 1367:Planned 1358:Nomadic 1266:Oceanic 1005:-class. 1003:Oceanic 979:Oceanic 960:Amerika 876:Parthia 808:Maasdam 746:Veendam 726:Oceanic 710:Pacific 653:Oceanic 593:Oceanic 583:Oceanic 567:Oceanic 559:Oceanic 544:at the 542:Oceanic 531:Oceanic 525:Careers 519:barques 507:Lambeth 408:Belfast 304:Oceanic 272:Belfast 156:Tonnage 109:Planned 32:Oceanic 2125:(1927) 2117:(1927) 2109:(1927) 2101:(1925) 2098:Regina 2093:(1925) 2085:(1923) 2077:(1922) 2069:(1922) 2061:(1922) 2058:Poland 2053:(1921) 2045:(1920) 2037:(1920) 2034:Arabic 2029:(1920) 2026:Mobile 2021:(1920) 2018:Gallic 2013:(1919) 2010:Bardic 2005:(1918) 1997:(1918) 1989:(1917) 1986:Belgic 1981:(1914) 1973:(1914) 1965:(1914) 1957:(1913) 1949:(1912) 1941:(1911) 1933:(1911) 1930:Belgic 1925:(1911) 1917:(1911) 1909:(1910) 1901:(1909) 1893:(1909) 1885:(1907) 1877:(1907) 1874:Gallic 1869:(1904) 1866:Tropic 1861:(1904) 1858:Baltic 1853:(1904) 1845:(1904) 1837:(1903) 1829:(1903) 1826:Cretic 1821:(1903) 1813:(1903) 1810:Arabic 1805:(1903) 1797:(1903) 1789:(1903) 1786:Cedric 1781:(1903) 1773:(1902) 1765:(1902) 1757:(1901) 1754:Celtic 1749:(1901) 1746:Suevic 1741:(1900) 1733:(1899) 1725:(1899) 1722:Persic 1717:(1899) 1709:(1899) 1701:(1898) 1698:Cymric 1693:(1897) 1685:(1895) 1677:(1894) 1674:Pontic 1669:(1894) 1661:(1893) 1658:Gothic 1653:(1892) 1645:(1892) 1637:(1891) 1634:Tauric 1629:(1891) 1621:(1891) 1613:(1890) 1605:(1889) 1597:(1889) 1589:(1888) 1581:(1885) 1578:Gaelic 1573:(1885) 1570:Belgic 1565:(1883) 1557:(1883) 1549:(1881) 1546:Coptic 1541:(1881) 1538:Arabic 1533:(1875) 1525:(1874) 1517:(1873) 1514:Belgic 1509:(1872) 1506:Gaelic 1501:(1872) 1493:(1872) 1490:Celtic 1485:(1872) 1477:(1872) 1469:(1871) 1461:(1871) 1458:Tropic 1453:(1871) 1450:Baltic 1445:(1871) 1437:(1870) 1429:(1863) 1421:(1854) 1413:(1854) 1405:(1853) 1361:(1911) 1301:Celtic 1280:Baltic 1176:  1136:22 May 1106:  1081:  1031:  999:(1874) 991:(1874) 981:(1899) 952:Celtic 929:Celtic 925:Celtic 917:Arctic 904:Celtic 893:Celtic 828:Sicily 734:Baltic 722:Baltic 718:Baltic 697:Baltic 686:Baltic 452:Baltic 430:, the 426:, the 383:using 349:Celtic 320:Baltic 223:barque 167:Length 84:-class 2185:class 2172:class 2159:class 2082:Doric 2002:Vedic 1850:Cufic 1778:Ionic 1738:Runic 1714:Medic 1706:Afric 1666:Cevic 1650:Bovic 1594:Runic 1586:Cufic 1562:Doric 1554:Ionic 1346:ships 1211:7 May 509:, or 234:knots 229:Speed 93:Built 1213:2024 1174:ISBN 1138:2023 1104:ISBN 1079:ISBN 1029:ISBN 993:and 977:RMS 792:and 611:and 292:1872 290:and 288:1871 258:The 249:Crew 182:Beam 146:Type 125:Lost 44:Name 1192:UK 995:SS 987:SS 902:SS 874:SS 872:'s 826:in 762:SS 695:SS 635:SS 573:'s 513:of 505:of 294:. 270:at 252:166 232:14 199:ihp 195:ihp 161:GRT 30:SS 2214:: 1202:. 1146:^ 1129:. 1118:^ 1043:^ 607:, 563:ic 521:. 488:. 1336:e 1329:t 1322:v 1246:e 1239:t 1232:v 1215:. 1182:. 1140:. 1112:. 1087:. 1037:. 136:4 128:2 120:6 112:6

Index


Harland and Wolff

White Star Line
Britannic-class
ocean liner
Ocean liner
GRT
ihp
ihp
compound reciprocating engine
barque
knots
ocean liners
Harland and Wolff
Belfast
White Star Line
steamships
North Atlantic
1871
1872
SS Oceanic
SS Atlantic
SS Baltic
SS Republic
SS Adriatic
SS Celtic
a disaster
Liverpool
Australia

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