2360:. On such systems three octal digits per byte would be required, with the most significant octal digit representing two binary digits (plus one bit of the next significant byte, if any). Octal representation of a 16-bit word requires 6 digits, but the most significant octal digit represents (quite inelegantly) only one bit (0 or 1). This representation offers no way to easily read the most significant byte, because it's smeared over four octal digits. Therefore, hexadecimal is more commonly used in programming languages today, since two hexadecimal digits exactly specify one byte. Some platforms with a power-of-two word size still have instruction subwords that are more easily understood if displayed in octal; this includes the
2045:
2148:" ("A new arithmetic (or art of counting) which changes at the Number 8 instead of the usual at the Number 10"). The numbers 1–7 are there denoted by the consonants l, s, n, m, t, f, u (v) and zero by the vowel o. Thus 8 = "lo", 16 = "so", 24 = "no", 64 = "loo", 512 = "looo" etc. Numbers with consecutive consonants are pronounced with vowel sounds between in accordance with a special rule.
3112:
The process is the reverse of the previous algorithm. The binary digits are grouped by threes, starting from the least significant bit and proceeding to the left and to the right. Add leading zeroes (or trailing zeroes to the right of decimal point) to fill out the last group of three if necessary.
2372:
belongs to this category as well, but octal is rarely used on this platform, although certain properties of the binary encoding of opcodes become more readily apparent when displayed in octal, e.g. the ModRM byte, which is divided into fields of 2, 3, and 3 bits, so octal can be useful in describing
2873:
rules, move the radix point one digit rightward, and then place the doubled value underneath the current value so that the radix points align. If the moved radix point crosses over a digit that is 8 or 9, convert it to 0 or 1 and add the carry to the next leftward digit of the current value.
2143:
to elaborate a number system based on 64 instead of 10. Swedenborg argued, however, that for people with less intelligence than the king such a big base would be too difficult and instead proposed 8 as the base. In 1718 Swedenborg wrote (but did not publish) a manuscript:
2728:
the original number by the largest possible power of 8 and divide the remainders by successively smaller powers of 8 until the power is 1. The octal representation is formed by the quotients, written in the order generated by the algorithm. For example, to convert
1666:
6056:
If the input string begins with "0" (a zero), radix is assumed to be 8 (octal) or 10 (decimal). Exactly which radix is chosen is implementation-dependent. ECMAScript 5 clarifies that 10 (decimal) should be used, but not all browsers support this
2819:
To convert a decimal fraction to octal, multiply by 8; the integer part of the result is the first digit of the octal fraction. Repeat the process with the fractional part of the result, until it is null or within acceptable error bounds.
2332:
words. Octal was an ideal abbreviation of binary for these machines because their word size is divisible by three (each octal digit represents three binary digits). So two, four, eight or twelve digits could concisely display an entire
2173:(originally occasioned by the number of digits on both hands) yet 8 is a far more complete and commodious number; since it is divisible into halves, quarters, and half quarters (or units) without a fraction, of which subdivision
1568:
3055:
0.1 1 4 6 6 octal value -0 ----------- 1.1 4 6 6 - 2 ---------- 9.4 6 6 - 1 8 ---------- 7 6.6 6 - 1 5 2 ---------- 6 1 4.6 - 1 2 2 8 ---------- 4 9 1 8. decimal value
2868:
To convert integer decimals to octal, prefix the number with "0.". Perform the following steps for as long as digits remain on the right side of the radix: Double the value to the left side of the radix, using
3227:
The conversion is made in two steps using binary as an intermediate base. Octal is converted to binary and then binary to hexadecimal, grouping digits by fours, which correspond each to a hexadecimal digit.
2644:...) for textual/graphical representations of byte strings when some byte values (unrepresented in a code page, non-graphical, having special meaning in current context or otherwise undesired) have to be to
2977:
1720:) by grouping consecutive binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right, for integers). For example, the binary representation for decimal 74 is 1001010. Two zeroes can be added at the left:
3037:
To convert octals to decimals, prefix the number with "0.". Perform the following steps for as long as digits remain on the right side of the radix: Double the value to the left side of the radix, using
2128:
2119:
word for "nine" might be related to the PIE word for "new". Based on this, some have speculated that proto-Indo-Europeans used an octal number system, though the evidence supporting this is slim.
2185:
seems most agreeable to the Nature of Things, and therefore may be called
Natural Arithmetic in Opposition to that now in Use, by Decades; which may be esteemed Artificial Arithmetic."
2132:
proposed use of base 8 instead of 10 "because the way of
Dichotomy or Bipartition being the most natural and easie kind of Division, that Number is capable of this down to an Unite".
1579:
6015:
2161:
proposed an octal system for
British coins, weights and measures. "Whereas reason and convenience indicate to us an uniform standard for all quantities; which I shall call the
2860:
These two methods can be combined to handle decimal numbers with both integer and fractional parts, using the first on the integer part and the second on the fractional part.
1707:
6044:
3326:
Hexadecimal to octal conversion proceeds by first converting the hexadecimal digits to 4-bit binary values, then regrouping the binary bits into 3-bit octal digits.
5628:
5643:
5991:
2396:). It has the advantage of not requiring any extra symbols as digits (the hexadecimal system is base-16 and therefore needs six additional symbols beyond 0–9).
2887:
0.4 9 1 8 decimal value +0 --------- 4.9 1 8 +1 0 -------- 6 1.1 8 +1 4 2 -------- 7 5 3.8 +1 7 2 6 -------- 1 1 4 6 6. octal value
2200:. His work was intended as recreational mathematics, but he suggested a purely octal system of weights and measures and observed that the existing system of
1502:
5915:
5877:
2215:" for an arithmetical system." The proposal included a graphical notation for the digits and new names for the numbers, suggesting that we should count "
2706:, expressed as a four-octal-digit number, when interrogated by ground radar. This code is used to distinguish different aircraft on the radar screen.
2349:
to be used for the operator consoles, where binary displays were too complex to use, decimal displays needed complex hardware to convert radices, and
1457:
2169:
into eight equal parts, and every part again into 8 real or imaginary particles, as far as is necessary. For tho' all nations count universally by
1177:
5972:
3042:
rules, move the radix point one digit rightward, and then place the doubled value underneath the current value so that the radix points align.
5772:
collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the
6103:
5674:
5748:
5712:
5539:
5506:
5452:
5424:
6007:
5834:
5381:
5791:
1010:
2905:
5953:
5418:
3019:
For double-digit octal numbers this method amounts to multiplying the lead digit by 8 and adding the second digit to get the total.
801:
5477:
5896:
2590:
2400:
1244:
6036:
5718:
5680:
5290:
5858:
2598:
1450:
1025:
5615:
2094:
has an octal system because the speakers count using the spaces between their fingers rather than the fingers themselves.
3451:
Due to having only factors of two, many octal fractions have repeating digits, although these tend to be fairly simple:
2334:
1370:
5741:"NWDOS-TIPs — Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds"
1380:
5988:
5588:
2618:
2606:
2602:
2189:
1197:
2153:
2384:
Octal is sometimes used in computing instead of hexadecimal, perhaps most often in modern times in conjunction with
6098:
1257:
5816:
5240:
5184:
2703:
2699:
2668:
2074:
1717:
1353:
1122:
5874:
5768:, including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger
2586:
1443:
770:
5912:
1661:{\displaystyle \mathbf {112} _{8}=\mathbf {1} \times 8^{2}+\mathbf {1} \times 8^{1}+\mathbf {2} \times 8^{0}}
3049:
those digits to the left of the radix and simply drop down those digits to the right, without modification.
2881:
those digits to the left of the radix and simply drop down those digits to the right, without modification.
2291:. Taylor also republished some of Swedenborg's work on octal as an appendix to the above-cited publications.
1433:
1217:
814:
2633:
but could cause confusion, therefore it has been discouraged in ECMAScript 3 and dropped in ECMAScript 5).
5230:
2317:
1117:
1033:
2374:
2365:
2342:
2178:
2158:
2136:
1713:
1671:
By performing the calculation above in the familiar decimal system, we see why 112 in octal is equal to
1235:
5558:
5658:
Arbeitsbuch
Informatik - eine praxisorientierte Einführung in die Datenverarbeitung mit Projektaufgabe
2377:, some programmers would handcode programs in octal; for instance, Dick Whipple and John Arnold wrote
5969:
2476:
1733:
1330:
1191:
1184:
1065:
5934:
2116:
1412:
1277:
1228:
1040:
972:
827:
788:
5787:
5373:
5331:
2725:
2140:
1325:
1078:
915:
910:
857:
5740:
5535:
Alfred B. Taylor, Octonary numeration and its application to a system of weights and measures,
1674:
5708:
5704:
Informatik für
Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler: PC- und Mikrocomputertechnik, Rechnernetze
5670:
5536:
5503:
5446:
5414:
5190:
4931:
4892:
2357:
1407:
1397:
1385:
1365:
1320:
1315:
1251:
1083:
1055:
962:
895:
885:
872:
837:
832:
5559:
Dr. Dobb's
Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia, Running Light Without Overbyte
5406:
2356:
All modern computing platforms, however, use 16-, 32-, or 64-bit words, further divided into
5830:
5662:
5624:
5365:
5350:
5323:
5007:
4964:
4917:
2645:
2385:
2369:
2329:
2325:
2321:
1310:
1204:
957:
945:
890:
880:
847:
822:
5578:
5995:
5976:
5957:
5938:
5919:
5900:
5881:
5543:
5526:, Pharmaceutical Association, 8th Annual Session, Boston, 1859-09-15. See pages 48 and 53.
5510:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2309:
1422:
1392:
1335:
1305:
1290:
1050:
1018:
990:
967:
950:
809:
5950:
2105:
also have an octal system, because their speakers count on the knuckles of a closed fist.
1402:
5523:
5351:"The typology of Pame number systems and the limits of Mesoamerica as a linguistic area"
2577:), since these might cause the literal to be confused with a variable name. The prefix
2569:
was introduced to avoid starting a numerical literal with an alphabetic character (like
6076:
5260:
2672:
2456:
1478:
1417:
1360:
1340:
1295:
1168:
900:
867:
852:
778:
20:
5855:
1563:{\displaystyle \mathbf {74} _{10}=\mathbf {7} \times 10^{1}+\mathbf {4} \times 10^{0}}
6092:
5862:
5311:
5112:
2460:
2313:
2201:
2193:
2098:
2087:
1223:
1112:
1045:
985:
920:
862:
842:
5377:
5989:
https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-literals-numeric-literals
5765:
5761:
5472:
5255:
5061:
5055:
3064:
To convert octal to binary, replace each octal digit by its binary representation.
2123:
1493:
1375:
1300:
5893:
5413:. Trends in Linguistics. Vol. 57. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 13–14.
2496:
2492:
2044:
18:
5702:
5656:
5282:
5251:
5245:
5236:
2350:
2301:
2287:." So, for example, the number 65 (101 in octal) would be spoken in octonary as
1345:
1210:
1162:
1152:
35:
5504:
Recreations in
Agriculture, Natural-History, Arts, and Miscellaneous Literature
2146:
En ny rekenkonst som om vexlas wid Thalet 8 i stelle then wanliga wid Thalet 10
5666:
2641:
2630:
2622:
2378:
2346:
2338:
2091:
1482:
1147:
905:
5875:
https://docs.python.org/3.1/reference/lexical_analysis.html#integer-literals
5369:
5021:
2557:, as decimal numbers are often represented with leading zeroes. The prefix
2077:
made the connection between trigrams, hexagrams and binary numbers in 1703.
1157:
62:
28:
5913:
https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/spec/ruby/core/string/to_i_spec.rb
5582:
2656:, which encodes groups of 6 bits, and where any start byte has octal value
2488:
2480:
6082:
2196:
on decimal arithmetic. He suggested base 8, for which he coined the term
5707:(in German). Vol. 2 (5 ed.). Vieweg, reprint: Springer-Verlag.
5116:
5017:
4927:
2997:
is the position of the digit (counting from 0 for the right-most digit).
2652:. Octal representation may be particularly handy with non-ASCII bytes of
2484:
2468:
6085:
performs bidirectional conversions between the octal and decimal system.
5314:(1992). "Ethnomathematics: A Multicultural View of Mathematical Ideas".
2207:
In the mid-19th century, Alfred B. Taylor concluded that "Our octonary
5335:
5233: – Internal representation of numeric values in a digital computer
2464:
2060:
1142:
1127:
40:
5263:, an octal representation of 8-bit syllables used by English Electric
2472:
2448:
2404:
2361:
2102:
1132:
5513:, Vol. IV, No. 6 (February 1801), T. Bensley, London; pages 437-448.
5327:
2899:
to decimal, use the formula that defines its base-8 representation:
5248:, a 16-bit octal notation used by the Heath Company, DEC and others
5970:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/primitives/literals.html
2653:
2594:
2504:
2393:
2305:
2208:
2056:
2043:
1573:
In the octal system, each place is a power of eight. For example:
1486:
1099:
1060:
4974:
2637:
2389:
2048:
2972:{\displaystyle k=\sum _{i=0}^{n}\left(a_{i}\times 8^{i}\right)}
2300:
Octal became widely used in computing when systems such as the
2129:
An Essay towards a Real
Character, and a Philosophical Language
5448:
An Essay
Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language
2636:
Octal numbers that are used in some programming languages (C,
2614:
2610:
24:
2514:
For example, the literal 73 (base 8) might be represented as
6072:
6008:"Why does the radix for JavaScript's parseInt default to 8?"
5546:, Philadelphia, 1887; pages 296-366. See pages 327 and 330.
5106:
3383:
3342:
3281:
3240:
3170:
3120:
5931:
3113:
Then replace each trio with the equivalent octal digit.
5489:
2255:" and so on, with successive multiples of eight named "
5951:
https://php.watch/versions/8.1/explicit-octal-notation
5661:(in German). Vieweg-Verlag, reprint: Springer-Verlag.
5949:
PHP.Watch - PHP 8.1: Explicit Octal numeral notation
2908:
2204:
was already, to a remarkable extent, an octal system.
2051:'s "Earlier Heaven" Arrangement of the Eight Trigrams
1677:
1582:
1505:
5609:
5607:
5605:
4891:
The table below gives the expansions of some common
2993:
is an individual octal digit being converted, where
2165:; and that is only to divide every integer in each
3116:For instance, convert binary 1010111100 to octal:
2971:
2151:Writing under the pseudonym "Hirossa Ap-Iccim" in
1701:
1660:
1562:
5579:"Constants, Variables, Expressions and Operators"
3231:For instance, convert octal 1057 to hexadecimal:
5813:CCI Multiuser DOS 7.22 GOLD Online Documentation
2553:Newer languages have been abandoning the prefix
5894:http://perlcabal.org/syn/S02.html#Radix_markers
5701:Küveler, Gerd; Schwoch, Dietrich (2007-10-04).
5617:CP/M-86 - Operating System - Programmer's Guide
5623:(3 ed.). Pacific Grove, California, USA:
5760:(NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on
3012:= 7 × 8 + 6 × 8 + 4 × 8 = 448 + 48 + 4 = 500
2115:It has been suggested that the reconstructed
1451:
8:
6079:enabling simple visual calculation in octal.
5407:"Some thoughts about Indo-European numerals"
2720:Method of successive Euclidean division by 8
2565:being mistaken for a zero, while the prefix
2373:these encodings. Before the availability of
1712:Octal numerals can be easily converted from
2403:are typically identified with a variety of
5655:Küveler, Gerd; Schwoch, Dietrich (2013) .
2660:and any continuation byte has octal value
2353:displays needed to display more numerals.
2211:is, therefore, beyond all comparison the "
1458:
1444:
794:
765:
2958:
2945:
2930:
2919:
2907:
2581:also follows the model set by the prefix
2177:is uncapable...." In a later treatise on
1728:, yielding the octal representation 112.
1676:
1652:
1640:
1631:
1619:
1610:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1554:
1542:
1533:
1521:
1512:
1507:
1504:
5747:. Release 157 (in German) (3 ed.).
4897:
3501:
3456:
3453:
2815:Method of successive multiplication by 8
1730:
5273:
2381:directly in machine code, using octal.
2181:(1753) Jones concluded: "Arithmetic by
1492:In the decimal system, each place is a
777:
58:
55:
52:
49:
5502:James Anderson, On Octal Arithmetic ,
4973:(the length of the diagonal of a unit
2724:To convert integer decimals to octal,
2439:, whereas a small (or capital) letter
3525:Prime factors of one above the base:
3516:Prime factors of one below the base:
3484:Prime factors of one above the base:
3475:Prime factors of one below the base:
3166:Convert binary 11100.01001 to octal:
2823:Example: Convert 0.1640625 to octal:
2585:used for hexadecimal literals in the
2192:criticized the French for basing the
7:
5493:56 (August–September 1949): 461-465.
1724:, corresponding to the octal digits
5281:Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1703).
5254:, a 12-bit octal representation of
2561:was introduced to avoid the prefix
5409:. In Gvozdanović, Jadranka (ed.).
5283:"Explanation of binary arithmetic"
5239:, a game numbering system used in
2503:octal number notation, and DR-DOS
2435:, octal numbers are prefixed with
14:
5491:The American Mathematical Monthly
2511:to prefix octal numbers as well.
5786:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-03-26).
5739:Paul, Matthias R. (1997-07-30).
3033:Method of successive duplication
2864:Method of successive duplication
2702:in aircraft transmit a "squawk"
2399:In programming languages, octal
2337:. It also cut costs by allowing
1641:
1620:
1599:
1585:
1543:
1522:
1508:
6047:from the original on 2014-03-05
6041:Mozilla Developer Network (MDN)
6018:from the original on 2020-08-06
5837:from the original on 2021-04-11
5794:from the original on 2019-04-27
5751:from the original on 2016-11-04
5721:from the original on 2023-04-01
5683:from the original on 2023-04-01
5634:from the original on 2020-02-27
5591:from the original on 2016-01-05
5537:Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Vol XXIV
5478:The Art of Computer Programming
5455:from the original on 2023-04-01
5427:from the original on 2023-04-01
5387:from the original on 2011-06-04
5316:The College Mathematics Journal
5293:from the original on 2021-02-11
4832:
4824:
4782:
4774:
4732:
4724:
4688:
4680:
4644:
4636:
4600:
4592:
4556:
4515:
4507:
4471:
4463:
4427:
4419:
4377:
4369:
4327:
4286:
4278:
4242:
4234:
4198:
4190:
4122:
4114:
4072:
4064:
4028:
4020:
3984:
3976:
3940:
3932:
3896:
3855:
3847:
3785:
3777:
3741:
3733:
3697:
3626:
3614:
3322:Hexadecimal to octal conversion
3223:Octal to hexadecimal conversion
2629:originally stood for base 8 in
2625:as of ECMAScript 6 (the prefix
2419:, the digit–letter combination
5987:ECMAScript 6th Edition draft:
5831:"Haskell 98 Lexical Structure"
5577:Microsoft Corporation (1987).
5524:Report on Weights and Measures
1716:representations (similar to a
1:
5968:Rust literals and operators:
2368:. The modern-day ubiquitous
6104:Power-of-two numeral systems
5819:(CCI). 1997-02-10. HELP.HLP.
5790:. freedos-dev mailing list.
5627:. January 1983 . p. 9.
4879:
4872:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4840:
4817:
4814:
4809:
4790:
4755:
4752:
4747:
4740:
4737:0215173454106475626043236713
4729:0344827586206896551724137931
4717:
4714:
4709:
4696:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4652:
4629:
4626:
4621:
4608:
4579:
4576:
4571:
4564:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4523:
4494:
4491:
4486:
4479:
4456:
4453:
4448:
4435:
4406:
4403:
4398:
4385:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4335:
4309:
4306:
4301:
4294:
4271:
4268:
4263:
4250:
4221:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4183:
4180:
4175:
4168:
4151:
4148:
4143:
4130:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4080:
4051:
4048:
4043:
4036:
4013:
4010:
4005:
3992:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3948:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3904:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3863:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3825:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3793:
3770:
3767:
3762:
3749:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3705:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3670:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3592:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3547:
3544:
3405:
3385:
3358:
3344:
3329:For example, to convert 3FA5
3294:
3283:
3256:
3242:
3189:
3172:
3136:
3122:
2063:correspond to octal digits:
5614:"2.4.1 Numeric Constants".
5349:Avelino, Heriberto (2006).
3507:Prime factors of the base:
3460:Prime factors of the base:
2891:Octal to decimal conversion
2715:Decimal to octal conversion
2070:4 = ☶, 5 = ☲, 6 = ☴, 7 = ☰.
2067:0 = ☷, 1 = ☳, 2 = ☵, 3 = ☱,
6120:
4904:Positional representation
3558:Positional representation
3555:Positional representation
3108:Binary to octal conversion
3060:Octal to binary conversion
1178:Non-standard radices/bases
5817:Concurrent Controls, Inc.
5667:10.1007/978-3-322-92907-5
5241:combinatorial game theory
5218:2.5576 0521 3050 5355...
5178:3.1103 7552 4210 2643...
5100:1.4743 3571 5627 7512...
5049:2.1706 7363 3457 7224...
5002:1.5666 3656 4130 2312...
4959:1.3240 4746 3177 1674...
4903:
4900:
2827:0.1640625 × 8 = 1.3125 =
2117:Proto-Indo-European (PIE)
2075:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1718:quaternary numeral system
1702:{\displaystyle 64+8+2=74}
5994:16 December 2013 at the
5856:7.1 Lexical conventions
5287:leibniz-translations.com
2710:Conversion between bases
2667:Octal was also used for
2154:The Gentleman's Magazine
5899:31 October 2014 at the
5451:. London. p. 190.
5405:Winter, Werner (1991).
5370:10.1515/LINGTY.2006.002
1434:List of numeral systems
5932:http://wiki.tcl.tk/498
5584:GW-BASIC User's Manual
5445:Wilkins, John (1668).
5411:Indo-European numerals
5231:Computer number format
4895:in decimal and octal.
4468:0434782608695652173913
3537:5 13 15 21 23 27 35 37
3211:Therefore, 11100.01001
2973:
2935:
2550:in various languages.
2407:, including the digit
2343:seven-segment displays
2157:, (London) July 1745,
2052:
1703:
1662:
1564:
3534:Other Prime factors:
3493:Other Prime factors:
3155:Therefore, 1010111100
2974:
2915:
2589:; it is supported by
2477:environment variables
2366:Motorola 68000 family
2137:Charles XII of Sweden
2047:
1704:
1663:
1565:
802:Hindu–Arabic numerals
16:Base-8 numeral system
5788:"Updated CLS posted"
5717:. 978-3-83489191-4.
5679:. 978-3-32292907-5.
5645:(1+viii+122+2 pages)
4561:02436560507534121727
3276:then to hexadecimal:
3000:Example: Convert 764
2906:
2895:To convert a number
2849:Therefore, 0.1640625
1734:multiplication table
1675:
1580:
1503:
1331:Prehistoric counting
1107:Common radices/bases
789:Place-value notation
5566:(1). December 1975.
5358:Linguistic Typology
5016:(the length of the
4926:(the length of the
3496:7 13 17 19 23 29 31
3067:Example: Convert 51
2834:0.3125 × 8 = 2.5 =
2617:as of version 8.1,
2601:as of version 3.0,
2433:Motorola convention
2379:Tiny BASIC Extended
2081:By Native Americans
2059:or trigrams of the
1736:
1278:Sign-value notation
31:
5975:2022-05-28 at the
5956:2021-01-08 at the
5937:2014-01-04 at the
5918:2022-05-29 at the
5880:2014-03-20 at the
5542:2023-04-01 at the
5522:Alfred B. Taylor,
5509:2023-04-01 at the
5111:(pi, the ratio of
4893:irrational numbers
4887:Irrational numbers
4283:052631578947368421
3564:of the denominator
3551:of the denominator
2969:
2691:(1972) computers.
2179:Octave computation
2141:Emanuel Swedenborg
2053:
1731:
1699:
1658:
1560:
934:East Asian systems
19:
6099:Binary arithmetic
5676:978-3-528-04952-2
5556:"TB Code Sheet".
5222:
5221:
5191:natural logarithm
5189:(the base of the
4884:
4883:
3565:
3552:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3499:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3426:
3425:
3373:
3372:
3306:
3305:
3271:
3270:
3207:
3206:
3151:
3150:
2982:In this formula,
2770:Another example:
2613:as of version 9,
2213:best possible one
2163:Georgian standard
2032:
2031:
1468:
1467:
1267:
1266:
762:
761:
6111:
6060:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6004:
5998:
5985:
5979:
5966:
5960:
5947:
5941:
5928:
5922:
5909:
5903:
5890:
5884:
5871:
5865:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5783:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5714:978-3-83489191-4
5698:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5652:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5633:
5625:Digital Research
5622:
5611:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5553:
5547:
5533:
5527:
5520:
5514:
5500:
5494:
5487:
5481:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5386:
5355:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5278:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5120:
5109:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5058:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5025:
5013:
5012:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4969:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4935:
4923:
4922:
4898:
4877:
4860:
4845:
4838:
4830:
4822:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4745:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4707:
4701:
4694:
4686:
4678:
4672:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4634:
4619:
4613:
4606:
4598:
4590:
4584:
4569:
4562:
4549:
4534:
4528:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4499:
4484:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4446:
4440:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4411:
4396:
4390:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4361:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4320:
4314:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4261:
4255:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4226:
4211:
4204:
4196:
4195:0588235294117647
4188:
4173:
4156:
4141:
4135:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4106:
4091:
4085:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4056:
4041:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4003:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3968:
3953:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3915:
3909:
3902:
3889:
3883:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3830:
3813:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3760:
3754:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3725:
3710:
3703:
3690:
3675:
3658:
3643:
3636:
3624:
3612:
3597:
3580:
3561:
3548:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3506:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3454:
3384:
3343:
3282:
3241:
3171:
3121:
3026:= 6 × 8 + 5 = 53
2996:
2992:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2934:
2929:
2898:
2841:0.5 × 8 = 4.0 =
2663:
2659:
2651:
2628:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2453:Intel convention
2446:
2442:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2423:, or the symbol
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2386:file permissions
2370:x86 architecture
2099:Pamean languages
1737:
1727:
1723:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1249:
1233:
1215:
1205:balanced ternary
1202:
1189:
795:
766:
757:
717:
677:
637:
597:
557:
517:
490:
474:
447:
431:
410:
401:
385:
364:
355:
339:
318:
309:
293:
272:
263:
247:
226:
217:
201:
180:
171:
155:
134:
125:
109:
88:
79:
32:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6089:
6088:
6083:Octal converter
6069:
6064:
6063:
6050:
6048:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6021:
6019:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5996:Wayback Machine
5986:
5982:
5977:Wayback Machine
5967:
5963:
5958:Wayback Machine
5948:
5944:
5939:Wayback Machine
5929:
5925:
5920:Wayback Machine
5910:
5906:
5901:Wayback Machine
5891:
5887:
5882:Wayback Machine
5872:
5868:
5853:
5849:
5840:
5838:
5829:
5828:
5824:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5797:
5795:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5773:
5769:
5754:
5752:
5738:
5737:
5733:
5724:
5722:
5715:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5686:
5684:
5677:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5620:
5613:
5612:
5603:
5594:
5592:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5544:Wayback Machine
5534:
5530:
5521:
5517:
5511:Wayback Machine
5501:
5497:
5488:
5484:
5471:
5467:
5458:
5456:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5430:
5428:
5421:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5328:10.2307/2686959
5310:
5309:
5305:
5296:
5294:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5270:
5227:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5188:
5183:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5110:
5105:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5059:
5054:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5015:
5010:
5008:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4972:
4967:
4965:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4925:
4920:
4918:
4889:
4873:
4856:
4841:
4836:
4829:032258064516129
4828:
4818:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4786:
4778:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4741:
4736:
4728:
4718:
4703:
4697:
4692:
4684:
4674:
4668:
4653:
4648:
4640:
4630:
4615:
4609:
4604:
4596:
4586:
4580:
4565:
4560:
4545:
4530:
4524:
4519:
4511:
4501:
4495:
4480:
4475:
4467:
4457:
4442:
4436:
4431:
4423:
4413:
4407:
4392:
4386:
4381:
4373:
4363:
4357:
4342:
4336:
4331:
4316:
4310:
4295:
4290:
4282:
4272:
4257:
4251:
4246:
4238:
4228:
4222:
4207:
4202:
4194:
4184:
4169:
4152:
4137:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4108:
4102:
4087:
4081:
4076:
4068:
4058:
4052:
4037:
4032:
4024:
4014:
3999:
3993:
3988:
3980:
3970:
3964:
3949:
3944:
3936:
3926:
3911:
3905:
3900:
3885:
3879:
3864:
3859:
3851:
3841:
3826:
3809:
3794:
3789:
3781:
3771:
3756:
3750:
3745:
3737:
3727:
3721:
3706:
3701:
3686:
3671:
3654:
3639:
3634:
3622:
3608:
3593:
3576:
3563:
3550:
3535:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3449:
3444:
3437:
3433:
3430:Therefore, 3FA5
3332:
3324:
3317:
3313:
3310:Therefore, 1057
3225:
3218:
3214:
3162:
3158:
3110:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3057:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2994:
2991:
2983:
2954:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2866:
2856:
2852:
2817:
2810:
2806:
2766:
2762:
2732:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2697:
2689:Burroughs B7700
2685:Burroughs B6700
2681:Burroughs B5700
2677:Burroughs B5500
2661:
2657:
2649:
2626:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2358:eight-bit bytes
2298:
2112:
2083:
2042:
2037:
1725:
1721:
1673:
1672:
1648:
1627:
1606:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1550:
1529:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1496:. For example:
1464:
1428:
1427:
1350:
1336:Proto-cuneiform
1281:
1280:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1247:
1231:
1213:
1200:
1187:
1174:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1070:
1030:
1015:
1006:
1005:
996:
995:
977:
936:
935:
926:
925:
877:
819:
805:
804:
792:
791:
779:Numeral systems
755:
740:
734:
728:
715:
700:
694:
688:
675:
660:
654:
648:
635:
620:
614:
608:
595:
580:
574:
568:
555:
540:
534:
528:
515:
500:
494:
488:
485:
472:
457:
451:
445:
442:
429:
414:
408:
405:
399:
396:
383:
368:
362:
359:
353:
350:
337:
322:
316:
313:
307:
304:
291:
276:
270:
267:
261:
258:
245:
230:
224:
221:
215:
212:
199:
184:
178:
175:
169:
166:
153:
138:
132:
129:
123:
120:
107:
92:
86:
83:
77:
74:
21:Numeral systems
17:
12:
11:
5:
6117:
6115:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6091:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6080:
6077:numeral system
6068:
6067:External links
6065:
6062:
6061:
6028:
6014:. 2011-04-08.
6012:Stack Overflow
5999:
5980:
5961:
5942:
5923:
5904:
5885:
5866:
5861:2013-07-01 at
5847:
5822:
5804:
5778:
5731:
5713:
5693:
5675:
5647:
5601:
5569:
5548:
5528:
5515:
5495:
5482:
5465:
5437:
5419:
5397:
5341:
5322:(4): 353–355.
5312:Ascher, Marcia
5303:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5261:Syllabic octal
5258:
5249:
5243:
5234:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5195:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5121:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5077:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5026:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4979:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4936:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4607:
4599:
4591:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4563:
4555:
4550:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4334:
4326:
4321:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4004:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3903:
3895:
3890:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3691:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3500:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3378:then to octal:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2987:
2980:
2979:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2865:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2803:Therefore, 900
2801:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2764:
2760:
2759:Therefore, 125
2757:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2730:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2696:
2693:
2673:Ferranti Atlas
2669:floating point
2467:as well as in
2457:Concurrent DOS
2451:following the
2447:is added as a
2411:, the letters
2314:IBM mainframes
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2205:
2190:James Anderson
2186:
2149:
2135:In 1716, King
2133:
2120:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2095:
2082:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1669:
1668:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1571:
1570:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1479:numeral system
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1285:Non-alphabetic
1282:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1242:
1226:
1221:
1208:
1195:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:Post-classical
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
988:
982:
981:
976:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
954:
953:
942:
941:
937:
933:
932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
818:
817:
815:Eastern Arabic
812:
810:Western Arabic
806:
800:
799:
798:
793:
787:
786:
785:
782:
781:
775:
774:
760:
759:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
720:
719:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
680:
679:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
640:
639:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
600:
599:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
560:
559:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
520:
519:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
486:
483:
477:
476:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
443:
440:
434:
433:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
406:
403:
397:
394:
388:
387:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
360:
357:
351:
348:
342:
341:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
314:
311:
305:
302:
296:
295:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
268:
265:
259:
256:
250:
249:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
222:
219:
213:
210:
204:
203:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
176:
173:
167:
164:
158:
157:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
130:
127:
121:
118:
112:
111:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
84:
81:
75:
72:
66:
65:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
43:
38:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6116:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6058:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6029:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5974:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5863:archive.today
5860:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5805:
5793:
5789:
5782:
5779:
5767:
5763:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5735:
5732:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5706:
5705:
5697:
5694:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5659:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5618:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5573:
5570:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5552:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5466:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5441:
5438:
5426:
5422:
5420:3-11-011322-8
5416:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5398:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5342:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5277:
5274:
5267:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5217:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5113:circumference
5108:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5078:
5063:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5014:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4851:
4844:
4835:
4827:
4821:
4813:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4785:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4759:
4751:
4744:
4735:
4727:
4721:
4713:
4706:
4700:
4691:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4663:
4656:
4647:
4639:
4633:
4625:
4618:
4612:
4603:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4575:
4568:
4559:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4540:
4533:
4527:
4518:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4490:
4483:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4452:
4445:
4439:
4430:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4402:
4395:
4389:
4380:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4352:
4345:
4339:
4330:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4313:
4305:
4298:
4289:
4281:
4275:
4267:
4260:
4254:
4245:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4217:
4210:
4201:
4193:
4187:
4179:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4147:
4140:
4134:
4125:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4097:
4090:
4084:
4075:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4047:
4040:
4031:
4023:
4017:
4009:
4002:
3996:
3987:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3959:
3952:
3943:
3935:
3929:
3921:
3914:
3908:
3899:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3882:
3874:
3867:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3836:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3804:
3797:
3788:
3780:
3774:
3766:
3759:
3753:
3744:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3716:
3709:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3681:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3649:
3642:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3603:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3571:
3562:Prime factors
3549:Prime factors
3543:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3464:
3455:
3452:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3202:
3199:
3197: .
3196:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3180: .
3179:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3107:
3105:
3096:Therefore, 51
3084:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3032:
3030:
3020:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2814:
2812:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2551:
2512:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2461:Multiuser DOS
2458:
2454:
2450:
2434:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2392:systems (see
2391:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:English units
2199:
2195:
2194:metric system
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2088:Yuki language
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1722:(00)1 001 010
1719:
1715:
1710:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1590:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1371:Alphasyllabic
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:Other systems
1000:
999:
992:
989:
987:
986:Counting rods
984:
983:
979:
978:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
952:
949:
948:
947:
944:
943:
939:
938:
930:
929:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
797:
796:
790:
784:
783:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
764:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
736:
730:
725:
722:
721:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
696:
690:
685:
682:
681:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
656:
650:
645:
642:
641:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
616:
610:
605:
602:
601:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
576:
570:
565:
562:
561:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
536:
530:
525:
522:
521:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
496:
487:
482:
479:
478:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
453:
444:
439:
436:
435:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
407:
398:
393:
390:
389:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
361:
352:
347:
344:
343:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
315:
306:
301:
298:
297:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
269:
260:
255:
252:
251:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
223:
214:
209:
206:
205:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
177:
168:
163:
160:
159:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
131:
122:
117:
114:
113:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
85:
76:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
47:
44:
42:
39:
37:
34:
33:
30:
26:
22:
6055:
6049:, retrieved
6040:
6037:"parseInt()"
6031:
6020:. Retrieved
6011:
6002:
5983:
5964:
5945:
5926:
5907:
5888:
5869:
5850:
5839:. Retrieved
5825:
5812:
5807:
5796:. Retrieved
5781:
5774:NWDOSTIP.TXT
5770:MPDOSTIP.ZIP
5766:OpenDOS 7.01
5762:Novell DOS 7
5753:. Retrieved
5744:
5734:
5723:. Retrieved
5703:
5696:
5685:. Retrieved
5657:
5650:
5636:. Retrieved
5616:
5593:. Retrieved
5583:
5572:
5563:
5557:
5551:
5531:
5518:
5498:
5490:
5485:
5476:
5473:Donald Knuth
5468:
5457:. Retrieved
5447:
5440:
5429:. Retrieved
5410:
5400:
5389:. Retrieved
5364:(1): 41–60.
5361:
5357:
5344:
5319:
5315:
5306:
5295:. Retrieved
5286:
5276:
5256:Gillham code
5119:of a circle)
5062:golden ratio
4890:
4874:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4842:
4833:
4825:
4819:
4804:
4798:
4792:
4783:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4757:
4742:
4733:
4725:
4719:
4704:
4698:
4689:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4654:
4645:
4637:
4631:
4616:
4610:
4601:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4566:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4531:
4525:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4481:
4472:
4464:
4458:
4443:
4437:
4428:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4393:
4387:
4378:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4343:
4337:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4296:
4287:
4279:
4273:
4258:
4252:
4243:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4208:
4199:
4191:
4185:
4170:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4138:
4132:
4123:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4088:
4082:
4073:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4038:
4029:
4021:
4015:
4000:
3994:
3985:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3950:
3941:
3933:
3927:
3912:
3906:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3865:
3856:
3848:
3842:
3827:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3795:
3786:
3778:
3772:
3757:
3751:
3742:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3707:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3672:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3640:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3594:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3536:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3468:
3462:
3457:Decimal base
3450:
3442:Real numbers
3429:
3328:
3325:
3309:
3230:
3226:
3210:
3165:
3154:
3115:
3111:
3095:
3066:
3063:
3051:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3021:
3018:
3004:to decimal:
2999:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2894:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2859:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2802:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2723:
2700:Transponders
2698:
2666:
2635:
2552:
2513:
2452:
2432:
2398:
2383:
2355:
2335:machine word
2299:
2296:In computers
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2197:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2145:
2127:
2124:John Wilkins
2110:By Europeans
2073:
2054:
2002:
1971:
1940:
1909:
1878:
1847:
1816:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1711:
1709:in decimal.
1670:
1572:
1494:power of ten
1491:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1237:
1198:Signed-digit
1137:
1073:Contemporary
940:Contemporary
763:
723:
683:
643:
603:
563:
523:
480:
437:
391:
345:
299:
253:
207:
161:
115:
69:
45:
5252:Squawk code
5246:Split octal
5237:Octal games
4476:02620544131
3071:to binary:
3022:Example: 65
2695:In aviation
2687:(1971) and
2499:support an
2351:hexadecimal
2347:calculators
2339:Nixie tubes
2302:UNIVAC 1050
1376:Akṣarapallī
1346:Tally marks
1245:Non-integer
6093:Categories
6073:Octomatics
6051:2014-01-03
6022:2019-08-21
5911:RubySpec:
5873:Python 3:
5841:2019-11-01
5798:2014-08-06
5755:2014-08-06
5725:2015-08-05
5687:2015-08-05
5638:2020-02-27
5595:2015-12-12
5459:2015-02-08
5431:2013-06-09
5391:2007-11-21
5297:2022-03-02
5268:References
5060:(phi, the
4930:of a unit
4432:2721350564
3945:0564272135
3630:2525... =
3618:3333... =
3503:Octal base
3337:To binary:
3235:To binary:
2781:388 = 8 ×
2774:900 = 8 ×
2737:125 = 8 ×
2733:to octal:
2642:PostScript
2631:JavaScript
2623:ECMAScript
2587:C language
2375:assemblers
2159:Hugh Jones
2092:California
2055:The eight
1732:The octal
1413:Glagolitic
1386:Kaṭapayādi
1354:Alphabetic
1258:Asymmetric
1100:radix/base
1041:Cistercian
1026:Babylonian
973:Vietnamese
828:Devanagari
5022:rectangle
5020:of a 1×2
3568:Fraction
3545:Fraction
3447:Fractions
3100:= 101 001
3052:Example:
3047:decimally
2952:×
2917:∑
2884:Example:
2744:61 = 8 ×
2507:utilizes
2316:employed
2188:In 1801,
2122:In 1668,
1646:×
1625:×
1604:×
1548:×
1527:×
1381:Āryabhaṭa
1326:Kharosthi
1218:factorial
1185:Bijective
1086:(Iñupiaq)
916:Sundanese
911:Mongolian
858:Malayalam
29:Gray code
6045:archived
6016:Archived
5992:Archived
5973:Archived
5954:Archived
5935:Archived
5916:Archived
5897:Archived
5892:Perl 6:
5878:Archived
5859:Archived
5835:Archived
5792:Archived
5749:Archived
5745:MPDOSTIP
5719:Archived
5681:Archived
5629:Archived
5589:Archived
5540:Archived
5507:Archived
5453:Archived
5425:Archived
5382:Archived
5378:20412558
5291:Archived
5225:See also
5117:diameter
5018:diagonal
4928:diagonal
4909:Decimal
4203:03607417
3044:Subtract
2831:+ 0.3125
2795:4 = 8 ×
2788:4 = 8 ×
2751:5 = 8 ×
2683:(1971),
2679:(1964),
2675:(1962),
2497:$ FOOTER
2493:$ HEADER
2475:various
2469:DOS Plus
2405:prefixes
2401:literals
2310:ICL 1900
2289:under-un
2040:In China
1408:Georgian
1398:Cyrillic
1366:Armenian
1321:Etruscan
1316:Egyptian
1224:Negative
1084:Kaktovik
1079:Cherokee
1056:Pentadic
980:Historic
963:Japanese
896:Javanese
886:Balinese
873:Dzongkha
838:Gurmukhi
833:Gujarati
771:a series
769:Part of
5854:OCaml:
5336:2686959
5068:√
5009:√
4966:√
4919:√
4901:Number
4864:0.03125
3434:= 37645
3215:= 34.22
3040:decimal
2879:octally
2853:= 0.124
2671:in the
2646:escaped
2591:Haskell
2540:&73
2465:REAL/32
2449:postfix
2253:unty-du
2249:unty-un
2183:Octaves
2167:species
2061:I Ching
1485:as the
1477:) is a
1311:Chuvash
1229:Complex
1019:Ancient
1011:History
958:Hokkien
946:Chinese
891:Burmese
881:Tibetan
868:Kannada
848:Sinhala
823:Bengali
5776:file.)
5711:
5673:
5417:
5376:
5334:
4932:square
4912:Octal
4685:571428
4649:022755
4597:384615
4374:047619
4291:032745
4160:0.0625
4069:714285
4025:076923
3782:142857
3159:= 1274
2807:= 1604
2726:divide
2599:Python
2473:DR-DOS
2388:under
2362:PDP-11
2345:, and
2330:36-bit
2326:24-bit
2322:12-bit
2139:asked
2103:Mexico
1714:binary
1475:base 8
1423:Hebrew
1393:Coptic
1306:Brahmi
1291:Aegean
1248:
1232:
1214:
1201:
1188:
1051:Muisca
991:Tangut
968:Korean
951:Suzhou
863:Telugu
6075:is a
5930:Tcl:
5632:(PDF)
5621:(PDF)
5385:(PDF)
5374:S2CID
5354:(PDF)
5332:JSTOR
5198:2.718
5124:3.141
5080:1.618
5029:2.236
4982:1.732
4939:1.414
4880:1/40
4853:1/32
4848:1/37
4837:02041
4815:1/31
4810:1/36
4753:1/30
4748:1/35
4715:1/29
4710:1/34
4665:1/28
4660:1/33
4627:1/27
4622:1/32
4577:1/26
4572:1/31
4542:1/25
4537:1/30
4509:0.041
4492:1/24
4487:1/27
4454:1/23
4449:1/26
4404:1/22
4399:1/25
4354:1/21
4349:1/24
4307:1/20
4302:1/23
4269:1/19
4264:1/22
4219:1/18
4214:1/21
4181:1/17
4176:1/20
4149:1/16
4144:1/17
4099:1/15
4094:1/16
4049:1/14
4044:1/15
4011:1/13
4006:1/14
3961:1/12
3956:1/13
3923:1/11
3918:1/12
3876:1/10
3871:1/11
3833:1/10
3817:0.125
3369:0101
3314:= 22F
3291:1111
3089:= 001
3079:= 101
2871:octal
2838:+ 0.5
2778:+ 388
2763:= 175
2654:UTF-8
2595:OCaml
2505:DEBUG
2489:$ OFF
2481:$ CLS
2479:like
2455:. In
2431:. In
2425:&
2394:chmod
2318:6-bit
2306:PDP-8
2285:under
2265:thety
2209:radix
2198:octal
2057:bagua
2035:Usage
1726:1 1 2
1483:eight
1481:with
1471:Octal
1418:Greek
1403:Geʽez
1361:Abjad
1341:Roman
1301:Aztec
1296:Attic
1211:Mixed
1169:table
1061:Quipu
1046:Mayan
901:Khmer
853:Tamil
5764:and
5709:ISBN
5671:ISBN
5415:ISBN
5215:...
5175:...
5097:...
5046:...
4999:...
4975:cube
4956:...
4869:0.02
4787:2104
4682:0.03
4605:2354
4553:0.04
4332:3146
4324:0.05
4165:0.04
4127:0421
4033:0473
3978:0.08
3901:6314
3838:1/9
3806:1/8
3801:1/7
3768:1/7
3763:1/6
3718:1/6
3713:1/5
3702:1463
3683:1/5
3678:1/4
3662:0.25
3651:1/4
3646:1/3
3605:1/3
3600:1/2
3573:1/2
3402:101
3366:1010
3363:1111
3360:0011
3288:0010
3285:0010
3267:111
3186:010
3133:100
2741:+ 61
2704:code
2662:\2nn
2658:\3nn
2650:\nnn
2638:Perl
2621:and
2619:Rust
2607:Ruby
2603:Raku
2544:$ 73
2528:0o73
2501:\nnn
2485:$ ON
2471:and
2463:and
2390:Unix
2364:and
2312:and
2283:and
2281:kity
2277:sety
2273:paty
2269:foty
2261:duty
2257:unty
2245:unty
2171:tens
2097:The
2086:The
2049:Fuxi
2028:100
1487:base
1066:Rumi
921:Thai
843:Odia
63:step
27:and
25:bits
6057:yet
5663:doi
5366:doi
5324:doi
5212:235
5209:045
5206:459
5203:828
5200:281
5172:105
5169:375
5166:399
5163:169
5160:197
5157:884
5154:502
5151:279
5149:383
5144:643
5141:462
5138:238
5135:793
5132:589
5129:653
5126:592
5115:to
5094:848
5091:894
5088:749
5085:988
5082:033
5073:)/2
5066:(1+
5043:696
5040:789
5037:499
5034:977
5031:067
4996:293
4993:877
4990:568
4987:807
4984:050
4953:048
4950:095
4947:373
4944:562
4941:213
4784:0.0
4776:0.0
4690:0.0
4641:037
4602:0.0
4594:0.0
4517:0.0
4429:0.0
4421:0.0
4329:0.0
4244:0.0
4236:0.0
4116:0.0
4074:0.0
4066:0.0
3986:0.0
3898:0.0
3893:0.1
3822:0.1
3743:0.1
3735:0.1
3694:0.2
3667:0.2
3589:0.4
3584:0.5
3399:100
3396:110
3393:111
3390:011
3264:101
3261:000
3258:001
3183:010
3177:100
3174:011
3130:111
3127:010
3124:001
3008:764
2876:Add
2845:+ 0
2799:+ 0
2792:+ 4
2785:+ 4
2755:+ 0
2748:+ 5
2729:125
2648:as
2615:PHP
2611:Tcl
2573:or
2548:73o
2546:or
2536:@73
2532:\73
2524:q73
2520:o73
2516:073
2495:or
2443:or
2427:or
2415:or
2328:or
2225:the
2175:ten
2126:in
2101:in
2090:in
1997:70
1966:60
1935:50
1904:40
1873:30
1842:20
1811:10
1586:112
1098:By
906:Lao
739:oct
733:dec
727:hex
699:oct
693:dec
687:hex
659:oct
653:dec
647:hex
619:oct
613:dec
607:hex
579:oct
573:dec
567:hex
539:oct
533:dec
527:hex
499:oct
493:dec
484:hex
456:oct
450:dec
441:hex
413:oct
404:dec
395:hex
367:oct
358:dec
349:hex
321:oct
312:dec
303:hex
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