927:
all meant that the way
Christianity had been operating was now redundant and anachronistic, belonging only to an age now past. Thus, as well as not needing priests...this interpretation of the direct encounter between humanity and God, and the continual nature of the transformation it brought, also meant that churches and outward sacraments could be dispensed with. Revelation 3:20 talks about Christ supping inwardly with those who respond to his knocking, and Friends thought this communion replaced the passage in 1 Corinthians 11:26 that instructs the believers to break the bread until the Lord comes. The Lord had come again. There was a new supper to celebrate, the marriage supper of the Lamb. ... Quakers thus presented themselves as the end of waiting, both for full reformation, but also, in the much bigger picture, for the unfolding Second Coming. ‘Christ is come and is Coming’ they claimed. Christ had come to those who had experienced ‘convincement’ and would come to all. Quakers were the true Church, God's elect and God's vanguard, but all could be part of the elect and attain salvation; all were spiritually equal.
1163:
at it as an obligation which we force on God--that is, if we believe that our good works are the agent of our salvation--then we miss the mark. The key is that God offers us the opportunity to become a genuine traveler in His company. Over time, if we do not resist it, the Light makes changes in us that bring us more and more into accordance with God's plans for us--we become more and more like what He wanted us to be. Over time, we sin less and less, as we become more and more in tune with His will. How clean a state of sinlessness is enough is not up to us--that decision belongs to Jesus. And providentially for us, Jesus is a merciful and compassionate judge. Quakers believe that we are called to be perfect, as our Father in Heaven is perfect. We are called to live a life as free of sin as we can. We believe that if God wants to bring a
Christian to a state of sinless perfection, then He has that right and that power. We do not limit the power of the Holy Spirit in that matter.
1057:
meetings and
Hicksite yearly meetings (Canada and New England); the undivided Philadelphia Yearly Meeting reunited with its Hicksite counterpart. In addition, most Primitive Friends communities at the beginning of the twentieth century in New York, New England, and Pennsylvania, had merged into other Quaker bodies by 1955. According to a website representing "Friends in Christ... a small group of Primitive Friends (Plain Quakers)" "plain" Quakers can today be found in the United Kingdom, in addition to some other countries." Ripley Quaker Meeting is a small group of Conservative Friends also located in the UK, who follow Ohio Yearly Meeting's Book of Discipline.
140:
1008:
as separate influences. He encouraged
Friends to participate in government, including voting in elections (at the time, most Friends did not participate in politics). Gurney had decided as a young man not to wear the traditional Quaker clothing, stating once that he only wore a broad-brimmed hat one day of his life. He was a powerful minister and a prolific writer. Travelling among Orthodox Friends at a time when ministers were considered to be examples for the youth, he provided an example which was troubling to those Friends who were dedicated to the "primitive" movement.
947:, New York, whose ministry emphasized direct experience of God over reliance on scripture. Hicks himself was concerned that urban, successful and wealthy Friends particularly in Philadelphia but also in the United Kingdom, had strayed from the testimonies and early practices of Friends. Of particular concern to Hicksite Friends were the notions of the authority of scripture over the Light of the Inward Christ, endorsement of justification and entire sanctification over the sense of gradual convincement, and the use of
114:(Quakers). In the United States, Conservative Friends belong to three Yearly Meetings: the Ohio Yearly Meeting (Conservative), the North Carolina Yearly Meeting (Conservative), and the Iowa Yearly Meeting (Conservative). Of these, the Ohio Yearly Meeting is the most traditional. English Friends affiliated with the Conservative branch of Quakerism are organized as the Friends in Christ and tend to use the terms Primitive or Plain.
667:
174:
829:
lead us to true repentance, and to His marvelous light. "Behold, I stand at the door and knock: if any man hear my voice and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me" (Rev. 3:20). —The Book of
Discipline of Ohio Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, 2022
1064:
As of 2019, the Ohio Yearly
Meeting includes affiliated local meetings in Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Athens, Greece. The Iowa Yearly Meeting includes affiliated local meetings in Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. According to the 2010 US
1056:
By 1905, there were seven
Conservative Friends Yearly Meetings left in America and Canada as well as an unaffiliated but Conservative-leaning Orthodox meeting in Philadelphia. Of these, two have been laid down (Kansas Yearly Meeting, and Western Yearly Meeting) and two reunited with Gurneyite yearly
1031:
The first division between the so-called
Wilburite and Gurneyite Friends took place in Rhode Island in 1842. When the pro-Gurney majority of the Orthodox yearly meeting objected to Wilbur's writings about Gurney, they re-organized the structure of Friends meetings in western Rhode Island and stripped
1028:, RI, also spoke with Gurney during his visit and outlined where he thought his views departed from those of the early Friends. Other opposition to Gurney was based in the two Orthodox yearly meetings already known for their stand on the importance of an inward transformation (Ohio and Philadelphia).
1007:
Instead of healing the wounds, Gurney's visit exacerbated the growing rift among the
Orthodox Friends. Gurney believed that the position of the scriptures had been lowered too much among Friends; although he did not totally discount the influence or necessity of the Holy Spirit, Gurney placed the two
954:
Also of concern for both sides was the relative authority of the Yearly
Meeting (favored by the Orthodox) and the Monthly Meetings (favored by Hicksite Friends). Hicks, who like his followers was from rural farming stock, was adamant that Friends stay a "peculiar people" behind the "hedge" of Quaker
926:
Early Quakers felt they were in the vanguard of this Second Coming which would come to all and bring about global transformation. Again, building on Jeremiah, but also Revelation in particular, these early Friends claimed that this Second Coming was an inward experience. This new reality available to
828:
Use vigilant care, dear Friends, not to overlook those promptings of love and truth which you may feel in your hearts; for these are the tender leadings of the Spirit of God. Nor should any of us resist God's workings within us, for it is His redemptive love which strives to show us our darkness, and
1162:
We are not justified by works. But good works follow necessarily as an indicator that we have accepted a relationship with Him through the application of our free will. If opening the door on which Jesus knocks is to be considered a work, then we are justified by works to that extent. But if we look
983:
Within a decade, a rift was beginning to divide the Orthodox coalition. Most ministers and elders were placing additional emphasis upon the writings of the earliest Friends (called at the time the "primitive" Friends), while other Friends were becoming influenced by the growing Evangelical movement,
970:
was historically suspect and not necessary to salvation. Hicks always maintained that he spoke the words given him by God in what Friends called immediate revelation, but this proved unacceptable to Orthodox Quakers. Hicksite Quakers left PYM (1827–28) to form a new Yearly Meeting, with other yearly
1035:
The Wilbur-Gurney divisions continued for 15 years. New York Yearly Meeting (Orthodox) divided in 1847, and a Wilbur-influenced body was formed in Indiana. The major event in the divisions, however, was the division in Ohio Yearly Meeting (Orthodox) in 1854. This event led to divisions in Baltimore
876:, the father of Quakerism, taught that apart from Christ himself, there was "none upon the earth" that could cure unbelief and sinfulness. The inward experience of Christ, confirmed by the Bible, was the foundation of the Religious Society of Friends. The following characterized the Quaker message:
858:
Be diligent in the reading of the Bible and other spiritually helpful writings. Gather daily in your families for worship. Such times have a special value in bringing little children, especially into the experience of united worship, and so preparing them for the larger meeting for worship, as they
771:
Friends, keep out of the vain fashions of the world; let not your eyes, minds, and spirits run after every fashion (in attire) of the nations; for that will lead you from the solid life into unity with that spirit that leads to follow the fashions of the nations, after every fashion of apparel that
845:
In view of the evils arising from the use of tobacco and intoxicating drinks, we urge all to abstain from using them, from offering them to others, and from having any part in their production, manufacture, or sale. Do not let the claims of "good fellowship" or the fear of seeming peculiar prevent
819:
Do we cherish a forgiving spirit and strive to "walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us"? Is each one of us careful for the reputation of others? Are we ever mindful to love our neighbor as ourselves? If differences threaten to disrupt the Christian harmony between the members, is prompt action
1060:
In the USA, three Conservative Friends Yearly Meetings remain as distinct Conservative Friends bodies in Ohio, North Carolina and Iowa; with Ohio Yearly Meeting (Conservative) being the most traditional Christian in belief and practice, of the three Conservative Friends Yearly Meetings; A small
995:
The ministers and elders who emphasized the "primitive" Friends testimony became increasingly uneasy with the growing Evangelically-oriented ministry. The first official action in the movement took place when Elisha Bates, a former Clerk of Ohio Yearly Meeting, travelled to England without the
974:
Many scholars have written about various aspects of these controversies. A good short summary is Larry Kuenning's "Quaker Theologies in the 19th Century Separations", but for more depth, see H. Larry Ingle, Quakers in Conflict: The Hicksite Reformation (Philadelphia: Pendle Hill, 1998).
1039:
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Orthodox) initially recognized the Wilburite New England Yearly Meeting but later ended all official relations with other yearly meetings (including New England) in order to prevent its small Gurneyite minority from leaving. However, Philadelphia's
776:
For Conservative Friends, plain dress for men usually includes "a broad-brimmed felt or straw hat, trousers with suspenders instead of a belt, and muted colors in the fabrics: blacks, whites, greys, browns", sometimes with "broad-fall trouser cuts". Quaker men traditionally are
996:
official credentials (an endorsed travelling minute). On this trip, Bates participated in a baptism ceremony (Quakers had avoided external rites like baptism and eucharist/communion). When he returned to Ohio, he was not only "read out of meeting" (stripped of his
1032:
Wilbur of his membership. When Wilbur appealed his disownment, his quarterly meeting divided. New England Yearly Meeting (Orthodox) was unable to decide which quarterly meeting to recognize, which precipitated a division throughout all of New England.
1061:
Conservative Friends remnant continues in some of the united yearly meetings (Canada and New England). In Europe, there are Conservative Quaker groups in the United Kingdom, while individual members reside in other countries too.
815:. The Queries are read on the local monthly meeting level, with the next higher levels (Quarterly and Yearly Meetings) summarizing the answers from the subordinate meetings. An example of one of the Queries is as follows:
1023:
understanding of entire sanctification. Wilbur wrote an anonymous article that argued for the "primitive" Quaker understanding of continual, daily interaction with the Holy Spirit. Thomas B. Gould, another Friend from
772:
gets up: but mind that which is sober and modest, and keep to your plain fashions, that you may judge the world's vanity and spirit, in its vain fashions, and show a constant spirit in the truth and plainness.
2188:
2209:
2102:
587:
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plainness while the Orthodox Friends were eager to integrate with modern urban society. Both groups were active in traditional Friends social justice movements, such as the
725:" Friends. The Conservative Friends is derived from the Orthodox Friends in the former schism, and in the latter schism, what are now called Conservative Friends were the "
729:" branch of Orthodox Friends. Through the schisms, they sought continuity of traditional practices and theological emphases, over new ideas based on outside influences.
971:
meetings soon to follow in division. The majority of Quakers distanced themselves from the Hicksites, and those in Britain refused to correspond with the Hicksites.
133:
1011:
During Gurney's visit to North America in 1837–1838, there was opposition to his ministry throughout the Orthodox yearly meetings. A minister-schoolteacher in
939:
In the mid-1820s, wealthy Friends in leadership positions in Quaker organizations in Philadelphia began to "express disunity" (openly disagree) with the ministry of
1326:
Dandelion, Pink, 'Who are the Quakers?', The Quakers: A Very Short Introduction, Very Short Introductions (Oxford, 2008; online edn, Oxford Academic, 24 Sept. 2013)
744:
and "focus on the cross of Christ as the center of faith". Theologically, Conservative Friends continue to teach the historical Quaker doctrines on salvation and
117:
There is no single unifying association of Conservative Friends, though a Wider Fellowship of Conservative Friends general gathering is held every two years. The
962:
Orthodox Friends ministers, Joseph Hoag and Stephen Grellet, spoke widely about statements made by Hicks in ministry which suggested that portions of the
792:
Conservative Friends also maintain the type of business meeting which was in use among all branches of Friends until the middle of the twentieth century.
695:
1979:
434:
1994:
1974:
449:
429:
129:
1129:
1104:
1833:
1184:
306:
1635:
A Brief Synopsis of the Principles and Testimonies of the Religious Society of Friends (A Conservative Friends Statement of Faith of 1912)
2004:
1209:
454:
1949:
404:
1964:
1688:
1567:
782:
419:
118:
751:
The Conservative Friends have tended to follow the overt customs of plain speech and dress (in keeping with the Quaker doctrine of
1145:
2024:
922:
and embracing "this experience of a new covenant with God written on their hearts, rather than in outward forms". Additionally,
474:
139:
2009:
1000:), he was disowned by the Friends (a public declaration of removal from membership). One of the evangelical English ministers,
459:
1360:
1773:
1713:
1074:
688:
811:
includes provisions for business organization; the naming of ministers, elders, and overseers; marriage procedures; and the
1395:
Brinton, Howard H. “Friends for Seventy-Five Years.” The Bulletin of the Friends Historical Association 49(1): 3–20, 1960.
1913:
1016:
726:
371:
107:
59:
2014:
1261:
464:
111:
1661:
128:
The Conservative Ohio Yearly Meeting should not be confused with the Gurneyite Ohio Yearly Meeting associated with the
2143:
2122:
647:
558:
1376:
919:
786:
759:(it is not mandated), they are most associated today with that traditional Quaker folkway. Historically "ruffles and
1575:
763:
and other forms of ornamentation, as well as unnecessary cuffs and collars and lapels and buttons, were forbidden."
1984:
887:
834:
439:
1519:
1753:
681:
241:
755:) more than other branches of the Society of Friends. While a minority of Conservative Friends wear traditional
2076:
2071:
530:
525:
341:
833:
Conservative Friends seek to maintain a Christian witness by living a careful lifestyle that is reflective of
2168:
2055:
1908:
1642:
894:
752:
627:
507:
366:
2133:
2117:
2050:
1989:
1959:
1903:
592:
582:
502:
444:
414:
361:
206:
2183:
2153:
2045:
1954:
1681:
1025:
967:
652:
602:
497:
409:
144:
2158:
2019:
1898:
1828:
989:
912:
745:
617:
569:
469:
301:
1733:
1200:
F., José Blanco; Hunt-Hurst, Patricia Kay; Lee, Heather Vaughan; Doering, Mary (23 November 2015).
671:
216:
2107:
2040:
1838:
1793:
1045:
1001:
803:
797:
632:
276:
1404:
Brady, John. A Short History of Conservative Friends. Richmond, Ind.: Friends United Press, 1992
915:—"spiritual intimacy with God and Christ, entailing an ability to resist sin and temptation".
820:
taken? —The Book of Discipline of Ohio Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, 2022
2086:
2081:
1999:
1563:
1302:
1235:
1205:
1180:
1125:
1100:
1041:
1020:
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936:
Friends in the United States became divided during the early years of the nineteenth century.
904:
540:
535:
256:
1477:
1883:
1718:
1674:
1044:
continued to educate Conservative Friends as other Quaker colleges (except for the Hicksite
351:
196:
155:
2173:
2138:
1944:
1918:
1728:
1705:
1646:
1364:
883:
2) a realization of how sinful the believer's life had been, how far it had fallen short;
637:
492:
399:
211:
189:
173:
1624:
1541:
2178:
2163:
2112:
1939:
1823:
1758:
1738:
1723:
1149:
985:
851:
812:
642:
622:
577:
394:
296:
221:
201:
125:
branch of Quakers, they are not classed under the designation of Conservative Friends.
984:
in particular a group of British Friends ministers associated to varying degrees with
121:
is theologically conservative and plain dress-wearing, but since they are part of the
2203:
1893:
1868:
1863:
1853:
1848:
1818:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1560:
Growing Up Plain Among Conservative Wilburite Quakers: The Journey of a Public Friend
1229:
607:
356:
331:
326:
316:
291:
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261:
1505:
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1923:
1878:
1858:
1843:
1808:
1743:
1656:
1357:
1305:: Ohio Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends. 2022. p. 28-30, 59.
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956:
778:
741:
597:
376:
346:
321:
311:
281:
231:
226:
17:
1337:
1299:
The Book of Discipline of Ohio Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends
1077:, Whittier, Iowa, historic meetinghouse of a Conservative Wilburite Friends group
839:
The Book of Discipline of Ohio Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends
1813:
1748:
1463:
944:
940:
756:
737:
718:
286:
236:
1662:
Post Reformation Digital Library: – A Library of Early Modern Quaker texts
1888:
1873:
1803:
1783:
1768:
1763:
1264:. Stillwater Monthly Meeting of Ohio Yearly Meeting of Friends. Archived from
1148:. Stillwater Monthly Meeting of Ohio Yearly Meeting of Friends. Archived from
873:
764:
733:
612:
336:
266:
251:
246:
178:
1265:
1065:
Religious Census, there were 1,976 Conservative Friends in 40 congregations.
147:
of the Stillwater Monthly Meeting, part of the Ohio Yearly Meeting of Friends
1640:
The Conservative Friend: - A Christian Ministry of Ohio Conservative Friends
789:
by wearing a "scarf, bonnet, or cap" and "wear long-sleeved, long dresses".
722:
666:
122:
1651:
1634:
1004:, travelled to America to support Bates and to meet with Hicksite Friends.
1146:"An Evangelical Christian asks questions about sinlessness and perfection"
1527:
918:
Friends have traditionally not observed sacraments, historically citing
1697:
1657:
Digital Quaker Collection: – A List of Christian Quaker literature
1609:
948:
846:
you from standing by principles which you have conscientiously adopted.
801:
which includes the polity and beliefs of the body; this book is called
740:, man could be free from actual sinning if he continued to rely on the
164:
1639:
1542:"US Religious Census - Single-year report - all denominations - 2010"
1437:
714:
41:
1588:
1262:"Q: So what about the funny clothes? Do you dress like the Amish?"
963:
713:
The origin of Conservative Friends is found in early 19th-century
1629:
900:
5) an impulse to gather with others who had had this experience;
732:
The early Quakers, following Fox, taught that as a result of the
760:
1670:
1603:
1414:
1491:
1614:
1666:
781:. Conservative Friends women have traditionally practiced
1619:
807:
by certain yearly meetings of other Quaker associations.
1492:"Quaker Maps - Mapping the Religious Society of Friends"
1202:
Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe
1598:
966:
were not accurate, particularly Hicks's view that the
1520:"Find a Meeting - Iowa Yearly Meeting (Conservative)"
841:
has a section on Temperance, for example. It states:
1593:
1048:) were under the care of Gurneyite yearly meetings.
2095:
2064:
2033:
1932:
1704:
1338:"Quaker Theologies in the 19th Century Separations"
93:
85:
77:
65:
55:
47:
37:
32:
795:Each Yearly Meeting publishes a small book called
850:The same text emphasizes the importance of daily
1223:
1221:
27:Subset of Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
2210:Quaker organizations based in the United States
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
924:
878:
856:
843:
826:
817:
769:
721:" Friends and then with evangelical-oriented "
1682:
959:and right ordered care for the mentally ill.
907:to those who had not yet had this experience.
824:An example one of the Advices is as follows:
767:implored fellow Quakers to wear plain dress:
689:
8:
1594:North Carolina Yearly Meeting (Conservative)
1572:Friends Around the World, FWCC, 2010 Edition
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
859:learn in silence to bow to the power of God.
1576:Historical Atlas of the Ohio Yearly Meeting
134:Evangelical Friends Church – Eastern Region
1689:
1675:
1667:
1179:. Columbia University Press. p. 102.
696:
682:
150:
1980:Friends Committee on National Legislation
1377:"BBC - Religions - Christianity: Quakers"
1256:
1254:
1252:
911:Additionally, Fox taught the doctrine of
435:Friends Committee on National Legislation
1995:Friends World Committee for Consultation
1975:Evangelical Friends Church International
1019:, objected to Gurney's use of the early
450:Friends World Committee for Consultation
430:Evangelical Friends Church International
138:
130:Evangelical Friends Church International
2103:Businesses, organizations and charities
1630:A Short History of Conservative Friends
1087:
1052:Conservative Friends in the present day
979:Second (Gurneyite–Wilburite) separation
709:Characteristics of Conservative Friends
162:
1606:, Conservative Friends based in the UK
1228:Evans, William; Evans, Thomas (1837).
29:
7:
2005:Quaker Council for European Affairs
1097:The A to Z of the Holiness Movement
455:Quaker Council for European Affairs
1950:American Friends Service Committee
1599:Iowa Yearly Meeting (Conservative)
1589:Ohio Yearly Meeting (Conservative)
1122:Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
1095:Kostlevy, William (1 April 2010).
943:, a rural traveling minister from
880:1) an in-breaking of God's power;
405:American Friends Service Committee
25:
1965:Central Yearly Meeting of Friends
1478:"Meetings of Ohio Yearly Meeting"
420:Central Yearly Meeting of Friends
119:Central Yearly Meeting of Friends
2025:World Gathering of Young Friends
1562:. Friends United Press, 1991.
992:which began in 1830 in England.
665:
475:World Gathering of Young Friends
172:
2010:Quaker Peace and Social Witness
1099:. Scarecrow Press. p. 48.
460:Quaker Peace and Social Witness
1075:Whittier Friends Meeting House
71:North Carolina Yearly Meeting
1:
1438:Ripley Quaker Meeting website
570:Richmond Declaration of Faith
2015:Quaker United Nations Office
932:The Hicksite–Orthodox schism
465:Quaker United Nations Office
112:Religious Society of Friends
1652:Friends of Jesus Fellowship
2226:
1985:Friends General Conference
1120:Elwell, Walter A. (2001).
835:nonconformity to the world
440:Friends General Conference
132:which is now known as the
1615:New Foundation Fellowship
1610:Friends Christian Renewal
890:and accept the new life;
736:through the power of the
389:Meetings and other groups
1336:Kuenning, Larry (1989).
1234:. J. Rakestraw. p.
1175:Hamm, Thomas D. (2006).
1036:and Iowa later in 1854.
588:Businesses and charities
181:, founder of the Quakers
2020:Szechwan Yearly Meeting
1909:John Greenleaf Whittier
1204:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1.
753:Testimony of Simplicity
717:, first with liberal, "
672:Christianity portal
470:Szechwan Yearly Meeting
367:John Greenleaf Whittier
1990:Friends United Meeting
1960:Britain Yearly Meeting
1177:The Quakers in America
929:
909:
861:
848:
831:
822:
774:
445:Friends United Meeting
415:Britain Yearly Meeting
207:Hannah Jenkins Barnard
148:
1955:A Quaker Action Group
1506:"Conservative Friend"
1450:"Conservative Friend"
893:4) the experience of
787:1 Corinthians 11:2–10
608:First Day of the Week
410:A Quaker Action Group
142:
1970:Conservative Friends
1899:Mary Coffin Starbuck
1231:The Friends' Library
957:abolition of slavery
854:in Quaker families:
425:Conservative Friends
104:Conservative Friends
69:Ohio Yearly Meeting
66:Distinct fellowships
33:Conservative Friends
2189:ASFC Nobel nominees
2051:Integrity ("Truth")
1734:Kenneth E. Boulding
1625:The Friends Evangel
1464:"How to Find a Job"
1415:"Friends in Christ"
813:Advices and Queries
503:Integrity ("Truth")
217:Kenneth E. Boulding
190:Notable individuals
106:are members of the
73:Iowa Yearly Meeting
18:Ohio Yearly Meeting
2128:Book of Discipline
2124:Faith and Practice
1839:Zephaniah Kingsley
1794:Joseph John Gurney
1645:2008-02-20 at the
1363:2011-08-15 at the
1124:. Baker Academic.
1002:Joseph John Gurney
804:Faith and Practice
564:Book of Discipline
560:Faith and Practice
277:Joseph John Gurney
149:
97:1,976 in US (2010)
2197:
2196:
2000:Nontheist Quakers
1604:Friends in Christ
1558:Cooper, Wilmer.
1419:Friends in Christ
1131:978-0-8010-2075-9
1106:978-1-4617-3180-1
1042:Haverford College
920:Jeremiah 31:31–34
886:3) the chance to
706:
705:
257:William Edmundson
101:
100:
16:(Redirected from
2217:
1884:Robert Pleasants
1719:Susan B. Anthony
1691:
1684:
1677:
1668:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1526:. Archived from
1516:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1367:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1307:
1306:
1295:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1268:on 9 August 2021
1258:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1186:978-0-23112363-1
1172:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1157:
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352:Robert Pleasants
197:Susan B. Anthony
176:
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30:
21:
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2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2139:Holy Experiment
2118:Decision Making
2091:
2060:
2029:
1945:Monthly Meeting
1928:
1919:Jon Wynne-Tyson
1834:Thomas R. Kelly
1729:Anthony Benezet
1700:
1695:
1647:Wayback Machine
1585:
1555:
1553:Further reading
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1365:Wayback Machine
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1211:978-161069310-3
1199:
1198:
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1187:
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1173:
1169:
1155:
1153:
1152:on 26 June 2022
1144:
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1132:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1071:
1054:
990:Beacon movement
981:
934:
871:
866:
711:
702:
664:
659:
658:
657:
583:Decision Making
554:
546:
545:
521:
513:
512:
488:
480:
479:
400:Monthly Meeting
390:
382:
381:
342:Isaac Penington
307:Thomas R. Kelly
212:Anthony Benezet
192:
182:
163:
89:40 in US (2010)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2223:
2221:
2213:
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2202:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:Meeting houses
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
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2031:
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2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1940:Yearly Meeting
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Herbert Hoover
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:Susanna Corder
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1739:Howard Brinton
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:Robert Barclay
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1665:
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1637:
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1596:
1591:
1584:
1583:External links
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:, 2013 Edition
1573:
1570:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1533:
1530:on 2018-09-17.
1511:
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1112:
1105:
1086:
1085:
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1080:
1079:
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1070:
1067:
1053:
1050:
986:Isaac Crewdson
980:
977:
933:
930:
870:
867:
865:
862:
852:family worship
809:The Discipline
798:The Discipline
710:
707:
704:
703:
701:
700:
693:
686:
678:
675:
674:
661:
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603:Meeting houses
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395:Yearly Meeting
391:
388:
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379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
297:Herbert Hoover
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
222:Howard Brinton
219:
214:
209:
204:
202:Robert Barclay
199:
193:
188:
187:
184:
183:
177:
169:
168:
160:
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110:branch of the
99:
98:
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91:
90:
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83:
82:
79:
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74:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:Classification
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2222:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Perfectionism
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Homosexuality
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
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2077:Latin America
2075:
2073:
2072:North America
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:Jessamyn West
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:Bayard Rustin
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Parker Palmer
1867:
1865:
1864:Richard Nixon
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:Lucretia Mott
1852:
1850:
1849:Dave Matthews
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Henry Hodgkin
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Ruth Harrison
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Elizabeth Fry
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Margaret Fell
1777:
1775:
1772:
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1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:William Allen
1712:
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1577:
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1568:0-944350-44-5
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1005:
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987:
978:
976:
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965:
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916:
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836:
830:
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821:
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799:
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790:
788:
785:as taught in
784:
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773:
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766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
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685:
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662:
654:
651:
649:
648:Homosexuality
646:
644:
641:
639:
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634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
618:Perfectionism
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
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584:
581:
579:
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556:
550:
549:
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539:
537:
534:
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531:Latin America
529:
527:
526:North America
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523:
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516:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
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413:
411:
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406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
386:
385:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
362:Jessamyn West
360:
358:
357:Bayard Rustin
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:Parker Palmer
330:
328:
327:Richard Nixon
325:
323:
320:
318:
317:Lucretia Mott
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
292:Henry Hodgkin
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
272:Elizabeth Fry
270:
268:
265:
263:
262:Margaret Fell
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
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218:
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210:
208:
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203:
200:
198:
195:
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186:
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170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
152:
146:
141:
137:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
96:
92:
88:
86:Congregations
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2149:Inward light
2127:
2123:
1969:
1924:John Woolman
1879:William Penn
1859:James Nayler
1844:Benjamin Lay
1809:Edward Hicks
1774:Joshua Evans
1744:John Cadbury
1559:
1536:
1528:the original
1524:www.iymc.org
1523:
1514:
1500:
1486:
1472:
1458:
1444:
1433:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1380:. Retrieved
1371:
1358:Ohio Quakers
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1331:
1298:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:the original
1239:. Retrieved
1230:
1201:
1195:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:the original
1140:
1121:
1115:
1096:
1090:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1013:Rhode Island
1010:
1006:
994:
982:
973:
968:virgin birth
961:
953:
938:
935:
925:
917:
910:
902:
899:
895:regeneration
892:
885:
882:
879:
872:
857:
849:
844:
838:
832:
827:
823:
818:
808:
802:
796:
794:
791:
783:headcovering
779:clean-shaven
775:
770:
750:
742:inward light
731:
712:
598:Inward light
563:
559:
553:Other themes
424:
377:John Woolman
347:William Penn
322:James Nayler
312:Benjamin Lay
282:Edward Hicks
232:Carla Denyer
227:John Cadbury
145:meetinghouse
127:
116:
103:
102:
70:
51:Unprogrammed
2034:Testimonies
1914:John Wilbur
1829:Rufus Jones
1814:Elias Hicks
1754:Anne Conway
1749:Levi Coffin
1706:Individuals
1620:Quaker Jane
1343:October 25,
1303:Barnesville
1017:John Wilbur
949:Trinitarian
945:Long Island
941:Elias Hicks
757:plain dress
738:Holy Spirit
487:Testimonies
372:John Wilbur
302:Rufus Jones
287:Elias Hicks
242:Anne Conway
237:Levi Coffin
48:Orientation
2056:Simplicity
1889:Betsy Ross
1874:Alice Paul
1804:Carl Heath
1784:George Fox
1769:Judi Dench
1764:James Dean
1424:2016-06-27
1382:2016-06-27
1082:References
1046:Swarthmore
998:membership
951:language.
913:perfection
874:George Fox
869:Background
765:George Fox
746:perfection
508:Simplicity
337:Alice Paul
267:George Fox
252:Judi Dench
247:James Dean
179:George Fox
2065:By region
734:New Birth
727:Wilburite
723:Gurneyite
613:New Birth
520:By region
165:Quakerism
123:Gurneyite
108:Wilburite
81:Worldwide
60:Wilburite
2204:Category
2174:Tapestry
2046:Equality
1643:Archived
1361:Archived
1272:10 April
1069:See also
1021:Wesleyan
988:and the
719:Hicksite
638:Tapestry
498:Equality
156:a series
154:Part of
56:Theology
2179:Wedding
2169:Schools
2134:History
2108:Science
1698:Quakers
1241:19 June
1026:Newport
905:mission
864:History
715:schisms
643:Wedding
633:Science
628:Schools
593:History
94:Members
2087:Africa
2082:Europe
1933:Groups
1566:
1208:
1183:
1156:10 May
1128:
1103:
888:repent
541:Africa
536:Europe
78:Region
42:Quaker
2184:Women
2164:Query
2113:Clerk
2096:Other
2041:Peace
964:Bible
653:Women
623:Query
578:Clerk
493:Peace
1564:ISBN
1345:2016
1274:2022
1243:2017
1206:ISBN
1181:ISBN
1158:2022
1126:ISBN
1101:ISBN
761:lace
143:The
2126:or
1236:132
903:6)
562:or
2206::
1522:.
1417:.
1311:^
1301:.
1282:^
1251:^
1220:^
1160:.
1015:,
897:;
837:;
748:.
158:on
136:.
1690:e
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1508:.
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1480:.
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1427:.
1385:.
1347:.
1276:.
1245:.
1214:.
1189:.
1134:.
1109:.
697:e
690:t
683:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
