134:(393,000 m/d) of oil in 2009, which would give it 234 years of remaining production at current rates. In 2010 Venezuela reportedly produced 3.1 million barrels of oil daily and exporting 2.4 million of those barrels per day. Such oils exports brought in $ 61 billion for Venezuela. However, Venezuela only owned about $ 10.5 billion in foreign reserves, meaning that its debt remained at $ 7.2 billion when 2015 rang out.
244:
2486:
795:
20:
298:
300 Gbbl—may have been due to soaring crude oil prices that made
Venezuela's normally uneconomical heavier crude suddenly market-viable to produce, and thus elevating it to within Venezuela's "proven" reserves. Consequently, Rapier contends, periods of lower crude oil market prices may remove those reserves from the "proven" category—placing Venezuela's viable "proven reserves" well below Saudi Arabia's.
809:
171:
877:
297:
columnst John Kemp reports that
Venezuela's "very dense crudes... are complicated to process," and are priced at a "large discount," when compared to the crudes of other producers.) Rapier notes that the near-quadrupling of Venezuela's claimed "proven" reserves, between 2005 and 2014—from 80 Gbbl to
239:
10 m) could be technically recoverable, which would make
Venezuela's total recoverable reserves (proven and unproven) among the largest in the world. The technology needed to recover ultra-heavy crude oil, such as in most of the Orinoco Belt, may be much more complex and expensive than that of
133:
In 2008, it had net oil exports of 1.189 Mbbl/d (189,000 m/d) to the United States. As a result of the lack of transparency in the country's accounting, Venezuela's true level of oil production is difficult to determine, but OPEC analysts estimate that it produced around 2.47 Mbbl/d
301:
By comparison, Rapier contends, the lighter crude generally associated with Saudi oil fields is cost-effective to produce under most market-price conditions, and thus is more consistently, and uniformly, part of Saudi Arabia's "proven" reserves, compared to the more variable usefulness of the
289:
While
Venezuela has reported "proven reserves" topping those reported by Saudi Arabia, industry analyst Robert Rapier has suggested that these numbers reflect variables driven by changes in crude oil market prices—indicating that the percentage of Venezuela's oil that qualifies as Venezuela's
240:
Saudi Arabia's light oil industry. The USGS did not make any attempt to determine how much oil in the
Orinoco Belt is economically recoverable. Unless the price of crude rises, it is likely that the proven reserves will have to be adjusted downward.
157:
Venezuela's oil exports were "expected to net about $ 2.3 billion" by the end of 2020, whereas a decade earlier the country had been "the largest producer in Latin
America, earning about $ 90 billion a year" from these exports. A
321:
607:
Christopher J. Schenk; Troy A. Cook; Ronald R. Charpentier; Richard M. Pollastro; Timothy R. Klett; Marilyn E. Tennyson; Mark A. Kirschbaum; Michael E. Brownfield & Janet K. Pitman. (11 January 2010).
1711:
45:
10 m) as of 1 January 2014. The 2019 edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy reports the total proved reserves of 303.3 billion barrels for
Venezuela (slightly more than
150:
gasoline chain, but U.S. sanctions as of 2019 prevent
Venezuela from receiving economic benefit from Citgo. In 2019, it was among the oil export countries who had lost the most from
1607:
545:
146:, "Venezuela descended into chaos with hyperinflation, severe shortages of most goods, fighting on the streets, and many people fleeing to other countries." Venezuela owned the
188:
deposits similar in size to those of Canada, and approximately equal to the world's reserves of conventional oil. Venezuela's
Orinoco oil sands are less viscous than Canada's
2452:
318:
634:
Gonzalez, O., Ernandez, J., Chaban, F., and Bauza, L. (2006). "Screening of suitable exploitation technologies on the
Orinoco Oil Belt applying geostatistical methods".
1832:
1130:
678:
649:
708:
52:
Venezuela's crude oil is very heavy by international standards, and as a result much of it must be processed by specialized domestic and international refineries.
842:
293:
According to Rapier, Venezuela's oil reserves are largely of "extra-heavy crude oil" which might "not be economical to produce" under certain market conditions. (
1120:
994:
1602:
1597:
1582:
1577:
1125:
1547:
143:
721:
663:
Schenk C.J., Cook, T.A., Charpentier, R.R., Pollastro, R.M., Klett, T.R., Tennyson, M.E., Kirschbaum, M.A., Brownfield, M.E., and Pitman, J.K. (2009).
1171:
1140:
1135:
951:
866:
38:
112: m) of proven reserves in the country's Faja del Orinoco region. In February 2008, Venezuelan proven oil reserves were 172 billion barrels (27
1914:
413:
1788:
1612:
60:
453:
1196:
1919:
1587:
1161:
470:
1166:
2300:
1979:
1695:
835:
2447:
1751:
1504:
956:
758:
337:
2515:
2336:
1989:
1484:
1181:
1176:
987:
352:
665:"An estimate of recoverable heavy oil resources of the Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009–3028"
2520:
1994:
1552:
1437:
217:
2462:
2233:
1899:
1452:
1370:
1297:
235:
10 m) of heavy crude in proven and unproven deposits. Of this, the USGS estimated that 380–652 billion barrels (1.037
2510:
1670:
1567:
1557:
1479:
828:
162:
article noted that, in October 2020, "for the first time in a century, there are no rigs searching for oil in Venezuela."
67:
went on strike, after which the company fired 18,000 of them, draining the company of technical knowledge and expertise.
2442:
2437:
1974:
1959:
1408:
946:
257:
46:
2489:
2457:
980:
740:
571:
2044:
1645:
1630:
1592:
1353:
1230:
130:. When 2015 ended, Venezuela's confirmed oil reserves were estimated to be around 300.9 billion barrels in total.
2416:
1949:
1494:
778:
2467:
2341:
1398:
1390:
1341:
1292:
1212:
1097:
1092:
936:
267:
192:– meaning they can be produced by more conventional means – but they are buried too deep to be extracted by
1944:
1685:
1375:
1225:
1062:
1037:
941:
931:
921:
901:
891:
63:
has been affected by political unrest. In late 2002, nearly half of the workers at the state oil company
2321:
1763:
1746:
1680:
1442:
1309:
1262:
1235:
1077:
1029:
926:
906:
382:
1363:
417:
2218:
1888:
1650:
1532:
1358:
1331:
1314:
1240:
1072:
916:
911:
896:
782:
570:
Urdaneta, Sheyla; Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Herrera, Isayen; Fernandez, Adriana Loureiro (7 October 2020).
501:
Overland, Indra; Bazilian, Morgan; Ilimbek Uulu, Talgat; Vakulchuk, Roman; Westphal, Kirsten (2019).
294:
2366:
2311:
2238:
2127:
1939:
1857:
1537:
1403:
450:
189:
102: m). The energy and oil ministry said it had certified an additional 12.4 billion barrels (2.0
92:
In October 2007, the Venezuelan government said its proven oil reserves was 100 billion barrels (16
2213:
1635:
1245:
1145:
1003:
643:
154:; it was ranked 151 out of 156 countries in the index of Geopolitical Gains and Losses (GeGaLo).
2361:
1489:
1464:
1267:
1252:
672:
579:
196:. Estimates of the recoverable reserves of the Orinoco Belt range from 100 billion barrels (16
151:
2188:
1909:
1512:
1430:
1348:
1186:
1067:
800:
524:
514:
247:
History of Venezuela's claimed reserves (red) in comparison to those of Saudi Arabia (blue)
2421:
2411:
2153:
1904:
1793:
1719:
1522:
1517:
1447:
1415:
1326:
1042:
457:
325:
2258:
2178:
2168:
2158:
2099:
2074:
1783:
1724:
1655:
1542:
1527:
1336:
1274:
1019:
609:
263:
243:
193:
438:
360:
2504:
2326:
2283:
2248:
1877:
1758:
1731:
1665:
1057:
814:
290:"proven" reserves may be driven up or down by the global market price for crude oil.
127:
76:
19:
2386:
2316:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2059:
2039:
1984:
1768:
1736:
1675:
1572:
1474:
1380:
1257:
1191:
851:
610:"An Estimate of Recoverable Heavy Oil Resources of the Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela"
275:
271:
228:
179:
29:
2278:
2356:
2228:
2049:
2019:
1964:
1954:
1660:
1640:
1319:
1302:
1220:
1082:
1052:
1047:
2406:
2273:
2263:
2029:
1867:
1773:
790:
519:
502:
583:
484:
2401:
2132:
2079:
2024:
2014:
1924:
1872:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1778:
1459:
1087:
1014:
808:
185:
33:
779:"Column: Venezuela sanctions leave oil market short of heavy crude - Kemp,"
636:
World Heavy Oil Conference, Beijing, China November 12–15, 2006 Proceedings
876:
820:
170:
2396:
2376:
2371:
2351:
2346:
2122:
2112:
2034:
1969:
1741:
1469:
1425:
1420:
1284:
691:
529:
503:"The GeGaLo index: Geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition"
2064:
2054:
1934:
1929:
1844:
126:
10 m) of conventional oil reserves, the largest of any country in
664:
2381:
2268:
2253:
2243:
2203:
2117:
972:
763:
726:
75:
As of 2006, Venezuela was one of the largest suppliers of oil to the
282:
said that Saudi Arabia's reserves stood at 265 billion barrels (4.21
122: m). By 2009, Venezuela reported 211.17 billion barrels (3.3573
2163:
2137:
2107:
2069:
2009:
2004:
1999:
242:
169:
147:
64:
753:
751:
749:
485:"Venezuelan Oil Production - Analysis of Venezuelan Oil Industry"
2391:
2331:
2084:
1562:
383:"Venezuela's Proven Oil Reserves Rise to 100 billion barrels (16
279:
976:
824:
2223:
2089:
1862:
694:
546:"Citgo formally cuts ties with Venezuela-based parent company"
471:"Venezuelan oil production may tumble 20% by the end of 2017"
359:. US Energy Information Administration. 2007. Archived from
231:
alone is estimated to contain 900–1,400 billion barrels (2.2
1852:
274:
had surpassed that of the previous long-term world leader,
722:"Venezuela's Oil Reserves Are Probably Vastly Overstated"
572:"Venezuela, Once an Oil Giant, Reaches the End of an Era"
704:
702:
2453:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
2430:
2296:
2146:
2098:
1886:
1843:
1828:
1819:
1704:
1621:
1503:
1389:
1283:
1211:
1154:
1113:
1106:
1028:
884:
859:
23:
A map of world oil reserves according to OPEC, 2013
741:Venezuela Says Oil Reserves Surpass Saudi Arabia's
602:
600:
709:Venezuela: Oil reserves surpasses Saudi Arabia's
79:, sending about 1.4 million barrels per day (220
347:
345:
220:updated this value to 513 billion barrels (8.16
184:In addition to conventional oil, Venezuela has
988:
836:
759:"How Much Oil Does Saudi Arabia Really Have?"
8:
677:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
648:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
339:2019 BP Statistical Review of World Energy.
61:Venezuela's development of its oil reserves
1840:
1825:
1110:
995:
981:
973:
843:
829:
821:
528:
518:
867:List of countries by proven oil reserves
692:Venezuela oil 'may double Saudi Arabia'
18:
1915:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
638:. Vol. Paper 2006–774. p. 12.
544:Parraga, Marianna (February 26, 2019).
310:
1789:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
1548:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
670:
641:
496:
494:
7:
1920:China National Petroleum Corporation
47:Saudi Arabia's 297.7 billion barrels
206: m) to 270 billion barrels (43
41:, totaling 300 billion barrels (4.8
1980:National Iranian South Oil Company
1696:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
319:Statistical review of world energy
174:Orinoco Belt assessment unit, USGS
14:
2448:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
2337:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
1990:Oil & Gas Development Company
16:Oil reserves located in Venezuela
2485:
2484:
875:
807:
793:
1995:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
2463:Society of Petroleum Engineers
2234:Port Harcourt Refining Company
1900:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
262:In early 2011, then-president
1:
1409:Production sharing agreements
381:Matthew Walter (2007-10-07).
2443:Canadian petroleum companies
2438:American Petroleum Institute
1975:National Iranian Oil Company
1960:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
270:announced that the nation's
258:Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia
2458:International Energy Agency
1443:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
227:According to the USGS, the
2537:
2045:PTT Public Company Limited
1646:East Midlands Oil Province
1631:List of natural gas fields
1231:Integrated asset modelling
255:
252:Comparison to Saudi Arabia
177:
2480:
2417:Weatherford International
1950:Iraq National Oil Company
1010:
873:
785:, retrieved May 27, 2020.
520:10.1016/j.esr.2019.100406
414:"OPEC Facts and figures"
2516:Oil reserves by country
2468:World Petroleum Council
2342:China Oilfield Services
1399:Petroleum fiscal regime
1098:Western Canadian Select
1093:West Texas Intermediate
711:at english.ahram.org.eg
507:Energy Strategy Reviews
357:Country Analysis Briefs
216: m). In 2009, the
89: m/d) to the U.S.
2521:Petroleum in Venezuela
1945:Indian Oil Corporation
1431:Submersible pump (ESP)
1376:Underbalanced drilling
1197:of gasoline and diesel
768:retrieved May 27, 2020
248:
175:
37:are recognized as the
24:
2322:Cameron International
1764:Petrodollar recycling
1747:fossil fuel phase-out
1310:Differential sticking
1263:Reflection seismology
1236:Petroleum engineering
1078:OPEC Reference Basket
324:June 9, 2015, at the
286:10 m) in 2009.
268:Venezuelan government
246:
173:
22:
2511:Geology of Venezuela
2219:Occidental Petroleum
1533:1990 oil price shock
1359:Shale oil extraction
1332:Drilling engineering
1315:Directional drilling
1241:Reservoir simulation
952:United Arab Emirates
783:Reuters News Service
460:at tonto.eia.doe.gov
420:on February 21, 2010
39:largest in the world
2367:Naftiran Intertrade
2312:Amec Foster Wheeler
2239:Reliance Industries
2128:Naftiran Intertrade
1940:Hindustan Petroleum
1538:2000s energy crisis
781:February 12, 2019,
761:February 14, 2019,
190:Athabasca oil sands
2214:Marathon Petroleum
1636:List of oil fields
1246:Reservoir modeling
1004:Petroleum industry
576:The New York Times
456:2010-11-18 at the
249:
176:
25:
2498:
2497:
2476:
2475:
2362:Nabors Industries
2292:
2291:
1490:Well intervention
1465:Petroleum product
1364:Ljungström method
1268:Seismic inversion
1253:Petroleum geology
1207:
1206:
970:
969:
152:energy transition
2528:
2488:
2487:
2189:Hess Corporation
1910:Bharat Petroleum
1841:
1826:
1513:1967 Oil Embargo
1349:Lost circulation
1187:Posted oil price
1111:
1068:Isthmus-34 Light
997:
990:
983:
974:
879:
845:
838:
831:
822:
817:
812:
811:
803:
801:Venezuela portal
798:
797:
796:
786:
775:
769:
757:Rapier, Robert,
755:
744:
743:Reuters at CNBC.
738:
732:
731:
718:
712:
706:
697:
689:
683:
682:
676:
668:
660:
654:
653:
647:
639:
631:
625:
624:
622:
620:
614:
604:
595:
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590:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
541:
535:
534:
532:
522:
498:
489:
488:
481:
475:
474:
467:
461:
448:
442:
436:
430:
429:
427:
425:
416:. Archived from
410:
404:
403:
401:
400:
389:
388:
378:
372:
371:
369:
368:
349:
340:
335:
329:
315:
302:Venezuelan oil.
285:
238:
234:
223:
212:
211:
202:
201:
125:
118:
117:
108:
107:
98:
97:
85:
84:
44:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2472:
2426:
2422:John Wood Group
2412:Valaris Limited
2305:
2302:
2299:
2288:
2154:APA Corporation
2142:
2094:
1893:
1890:
1882:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1821:
1815:
1716:Classification
1700:
1623:
1617:
1553:Nationalization
1523:1979 oil crisis
1518:1973 oil crisis
1499:
1485:Water injection
1453:Steam injection
1448:Gas reinjection
1416:Artificial lift
1385:
1327:Drill stem test
1279:
1203:
1150:
1102:
1024:
1006:
1001:
971:
966:
880:
871:
855:
849:
813:
806:
799:
794:
792:
789:
776:
772:
756:
747:
739:
735:
720:
719:
715:
707:
700:
690:
686:
669:
662:
661:
657:
640:
633:
632:
628:
618:
616:
612:
606:
605:
598:
588:
586:
569:
568:
564:
554:
552:
543:
542:
538:
500:
499:
492:
483:
482:
478:
469:
468:
464:
458:Wayback Machine
449:
445:
437:
433:
423:
421:
412:
411:
407:
398:
396:
386:
384:
380:
379:
375:
366:
364:
353:"Venezuela Oil"
351:
350:
343:
336:
332:
326:Wayback Machine
316:
312:
308:
283:
260:
254:
236:
232:
221:
209:
207:
199:
197:
182:
168:
140:
123:
115:
113:
105:
103:
95:
93:
82:
80:
73:
58:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2534:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2259:Surgutneftegas
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Eneos Holdings
2176:
2171:
2169:ConocoPhillips
2166:
2161:
2159:Cenovus Energy
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2100:Energy trading
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1784:Swing producer
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1656:Gulf of Mexico
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:2010s oil glut
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:1980s oil glut
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1337:Drilling fluid
1334:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1275:Seismic source
1272:
1271:
1270:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1073:Japan Cocktail
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1020:Primary energy
1017:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1000:
999:
992:
985:
977:
968:
967:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
886:
882:
881:
874:
872:
870:
869:
863:
861:
857:
856:
850:
848:
847:
840:
833:
825:
819:
818:
804:
788:
787:
770:
745:
733:
713:
698:
684:
655:
626:
596:
562:
536:
490:
476:
462:
443:
431:
405:
373:
341:
330:
309:
307:
304:
256:Main article:
253:
250:
194:surface mining
178:Main article:
167:
164:
160:New York Times
144:2014 oil crash
139:
136:
72:
69:
57:
54:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2533:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2295:
2285:
2284:Valero Energy
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:Suncor Energy
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1885:
1879:
1878:TotalEnergies
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1827:
1824:
1822:organisations
1820:Companies and
1818:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:Petrocurrency
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Oil shale gas
1730:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1712:Abbreviations
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Permian Basin
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:United States
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:Seven Sisters
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:Core sampling
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Indian Basket
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1005:
998:
993:
991:
986:
984:
979:
978:
975:
963:
960:
958:
957:United States
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
887:
883:
878:
868:
865:
864:
862:
858:
853:
846:
841:
839:
834:
832:
827:
826:
823:
816:
815:Energy portal
810:
805:
802:
791:
784:
780:
774:
771:
767:
765:
760:
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
737:
734:
729:
728:
723:
717:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
696:
693:
688:
685:
680:
674:
666:
659:
656:
651:
645:
637:
630:
627:
611:
603:
601:
597:
585:
581:
577:
573:
566:
563:
551:
547:
540:
537:
531:
530:11250/2634876
526:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
495:
491:
486:
480:
477:
472:
466:
463:
459:
455:
452:
447:
444:
440:
435:
432:
419:
415:
409:
406:
394:
392:
377:
374:
363:on 2008-04-12
362:
358:
354:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
314:
311:
305:
303:
299:
296:
291:
287:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
259:
251:
245:
241:
230:
225:
219:
215:
205:
195:
191:
187:
181:
172:
165:
163:
161:
155:
153:
149:
145:
137:
135:
131:
129:
128:South America
121:
111:
101:
90:
88:
78:
77:United States
70:
68:
66:
62:
55:
53:
50:
48:
40:
36:
35:
31:
21:
2387:Schlumberger
2317:Baker Hughes
2209:Marathon Oil
2199:Imperial Oil
2194:Husky Energy
2184:Galp Energia
2174:Devon Energy
2060:Saudi Aramco
2040:Petrovietnam
1985:NNPC Limited
1889:National oil
1769:Petrofiction
1737:Orphan wells
1705:Other topics
1690:
1676:Persian Gulf
1603:Saudi Arabia
1573:Standard Oil
1381:Well logging
1258:Petrophysics
961:
947:Saudi Arabia
852:Oil reserves
777:Kemp, John,
773:
762:
736:
725:
716:
687:
658:
635:
629:
617:. Retrieved
587:. Retrieved
575:
565:
553:. Retrieved
549:
539:
510:
506:
479:
465:
446:
434:
422:. Retrieved
418:the original
408:
397:. Retrieved
390:
376:
365:. Retrieved
361:the original
356:
333:
328:, June 2014.
313:
300:
292:
288:
276:Saudi Arabia
272:oil reserves
261:
229:Orinoco Belt
226:
224:10 m).
213:
203:
183:
180:Orinoco Belt
166:Orinoco Belt
159:
156:
141:
132:
119:
109:
99:
91:
86:
74:
59:
51:
30:oil reserves
28:
26:
2357:Halliburton
2229:Phillips 66
2050:QatarEnergy
2020:Petrobangla
1955:KazMunayGas
1845:Supermajors
1794:heavy crude
1681:Prudhoe Bay
1661:Niger Delta
1641:Caspian Sea
1404:Concessions
1354:Measurement
1320:Geosteering
1303:Squeeze job
1213:Exploration
1162:Consumption
1121:Consumption
1114:Natural gas
1043:Bonny Light
441:at opec.org
395:. Bloomberg
264:Hugo Chávez
27:The proven
2505:Categories
2407:Transocean
2274:Tullow Oil
2264:TechnipFMC
2030:PetroChina
1868:ExxonMobil
1774:Shale band
1651:East Texas
1624:and fields
1438:Downstream
1391:Production
1298:Completion
1226:Geophysics
1167:Production
1126:Production
1063:Indonesian
1038:Argus Sour
1030:Benchmarks
854:by country
619:23 January
513:: 100406.
399:2008-01-05
367:2008-04-27
306:References
142:After the
2402:TC Energy
2303:companies
2133:Trafigura
2080:Sonatrach
2025:Petrobras
2015:Pertamina
1925:Ecopetrol
1891:companies
1835:companies
1833:petroleum
1809:tight oil
1804:oil shale
1799:oil sands
1779:Shale gas
1720:sweet oil
1691:Venezuela
1666:North Sea
1622:Provinces
1613:Venezuela
1460:Midstream
1155:Petroleum
1015:Petroleum
962:Venezuela
885:Countries
644:cite book
589:8 October
584:0362-4331
439:OPEC data
393: m)"
186:oil sands
34:Venezuela
2490:Category
2397:Subsea 7
2377:Petrofac
2372:NOV Inc.
2352:GE Power
2347:Enbridge
2301:services
2123:Mercuria
2113:Glencore
2075:Sonangol
2035:Petronas
1970:Naftogaz
1742:Peak oil
1725:sour oil
1480:Upstream
1475:Refining
1470:Pipeline
1426:Pumpjack
1421:Gas lift
1342:invasion
1285:Drilling
1172:Reserves
1131:Reserves
673:cite web
454:Archived
451:EIA data
424:13 March
322:Archived
266:and the
138:Collapse
2065:Sinopec
2055:Rosneft
1935:Gazprom
1930:Equinor
1858:Chevron
1505:History
1371:Tracers
1293:Blowout
1182:Exports
1177:Imports
1141:Exports
1136:Imports
937:Nigeria
860:Listing
555:June 7,
550:Reuters
295:Reuters
56:History
2431:Others
2382:Saipem
2279:TĂĽpraĹź
2269:TNK-BP
2254:Sunoco
2244:Repsol
2204:Lukoil
2147:Others
2118:Gunvor
1752:timing
1686:Russia
1598:Norway
1583:France
1578:Canada
942:Russia
932:Mexico
922:Kuwait
902:France
892:Canada
764:Forbes
727:Forbes
615:. USGS
582:
71:Growth
2298:Major
2164:Cepsa
2138:Vitol
2108:Enron
2070:SOCAR
2010:Pemex
2005:PDVSA
2000:Orlen
1965:Lotos
1905:ANCAP
1873:Shell
1830:Major
1588:India
1192:Price
1146:Price
1088:Urals
1083:Tapis
1053:Dubai
1048:Brent
927:Libya
907:Ghana
613:(PDF)
148:Citgo
65:PDVSA
2392:Snam
2332:CH2M
2085:TPAO
1593:Iraq
1563:OPEC
1558:GECF
1107:Data
917:Iraq
912:Iran
897:Cuba
679:link
650:link
621:2010
591:2020
580:ISSN
557:2019
426:2010
317:BP,
280:OPEC
218:USGS
2327:CGG
2224:OMV
2090:YPF
1863:Eni
695:BBC
525:hdl
515:doi
49:).
32:in
2507::
1853:BP
1495:XT
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701:^
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574:.
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505:.
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278:.
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830:v
766:,
730:.
681:)
667:.
652:)
623:.
593:.
559:.
533:.
527::
517::
487:.
473:.
428:.
402:.
391:^
385:Ă—
370:.
284:Ă—
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233:Ă—
222:Ă—
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208:Ă—
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