Knowledge (XXG)

Oksoko avarsan

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is a nearly complete juvenile skeleton intertwined with three other individuals. Notably, three skulls and a good amount of arm material are known. The known manus has only two functional fingers, with the third being significantly reduced. Such a morphology is also seen in a wide variety of
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by professionals. Though the exact localities of these specimens are currently unknown due to their theft, although the colour of their sediments and geochemical analyses confirm their provenance from the Nemegt Formation.
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Owocki, K.; Kremer, B.; Cotte, M.; Bocherens, H. (2020). "Diet preferences and climate inferred from oxygen and carbon isotopes of tooth enamel of Tarbosaurus bataar (Nemegt Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Mongolia)".
400:. Another specimen in this block is represented by MPC-D 102/110b, a large quadrate and quadratojugal. The third specimen in this assemblage is MPC-D 102/110c, a juvenile postcranial skeleton. Both specimens share 641:
represents a highly derived form in a series of oviraptorosaurs whose third digits have reduced over evolutionary time. Their cladogram is shown below (only relationships within Oviraptoridae are shown):
2545: 1777: 427: 2555: 508:, is taken from the Mongolian word аварсан (avarsan, meaning rescued) given that specimens of the genus were redeemed from fossil poachers. 430:
along with a fourth specimen, MPC-D 102/11, representing a partial juvenile skeleton preserving the skull. They were later returned to the
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and the Mongolian Palaeontological Centre. It was catalogued as MPC-D 102/12 and represents postcranial skeleton of an adult individual.
2509: 369:, MPC-D 100/33, was discovered in 1974 by the Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition at the Bügiin Tsav locality in the 2487: 1770: 454: 381:
specimen is a block of an assemblage of three individuals buried in life positions that has been labelled as MPC-D 102/110.
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Chinzorig, T.; Kobayashi, Y.; Tsogtbaatar, K.; Currie, P. J.; Takasaki, R.; Tanaka, T.; Iijima, M.; Barsbold, R. (2018).
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Another, isolated specimen was collected in 1998 at the Guriliin Tsav locality by a joint expedition from the
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is unequivocally known from at least two localities of the Nemegt Formation: Bügiin Tsav and Guriliin Tsav.
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The first individual, subcatalogued as MPC-D 102/110a, is a partial skeleton of a juvenile preserving the
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and preservation state, which may suggest that MPC-D 102/11 is part of the holotype block assemblage.
1928: 1725: 1689: 1650: 1639:"Ornithomimosaurs from the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia: manus morphological variation and diversity" 1591: 1532: 1519:
Funston, G. F.; Tsogtbaatar, C.; Tsogtbaatar, K.; Kobayashi, Y.; Sullivan, C.; Currie, P. J. (2020).
579: 477: 473: 259: 2050: 362: 884: 1901: 1741: 1580:"An Unusual New Theropod with a Didactyl Manus from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina" 1195: 435: 389: 355: 132: 2078: 2043: 1619: 1560: 2263: 1996: 1974: 1940: 1786: 1733: 1697: 1658: 1609: 1599: 1550: 1540: 1468: 1436: 481: 418: 397: 370: 326: 964: 2188: 2101: 2085: 1859: 1460: 1456: 1201: 1089: 941: 607: 318: 30: 493: 306: 1729: 1693: 1654: 1595: 1536: 1154: 2442: 2249: 2226: 2111: 2036: 2021: 1614: 1579: 1555: 1520: 1464: 1113: 458: 793: 699: 669: 119: 2534: 2428: 2406: 2347: 2331: 2278: 2152: 2138: 2062: 1745: 1677: 1638: 1452: 1444: 1275: 959: 843: 649: 634: 629:
The describers' phylogenetic analysis places it as a derived member of the subfamily
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Funston, G. F.; Mendonca, S. E.; Currie, P. J.; Barsbold, R.; Barsbold, R. (2018).
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lived alongside other theropods, such as other oviraptorosaurs, tyrannosaurids,
1149: 1022: 723: 630: 311: 234: 45: 560: 2463: 2414: 2291: 2215: 2145: 2131: 2124: 1825: 1816: 1521:"A new two-fingered dinosaur sheds light on the radiation of Oviraptorosauria" 1484: 1476: 1448: 1036: 757: 526: 500:, in reference to the holotypic block assemblage preserving three skulls. The 195: 90: 55: 2421: 2370: 2363: 2298: 2166: 2028: 1886: 1834: 1480: 1178: 1118: 788: 694: 663: 517: 405: 208: 149: 95: 39: 1623: 1564: 1281: 848: 546: 2340: 2305: 2180: 2014: 1810: 879: 623: 574: 512: 378: 374: 330: 314: 182: 169: 85: 80: 65: 60: 50: 1545: 2208: 100: 75: 1804: 1488: 393: 159: 377:. It is represented by a partial subadult postcranial skeleton. The 1755: 1678:"Oviraptorosaur anatomy, diversity and ecology in the Nemegt Basin" 2435: 2391: 1251: 1060: 618: 606: 485: 443: 417: 385: 349: 434:
on December 14 during the same year, where they were posteriorly
585:, however it can also be seen in other coelurosaurs such as the 322: 1797: 1759: 521:, this specimen shares several traits with other specimens of 127:
Holotype block assemblage (top) and line drawing (bottom)
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This block was in 2006 confiscated from poachers by the
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Although MPC-D 100/33 has been largely referred as a
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All of the specimens were later assigned to the new
274: 2381: 2330: 2277: 2225: 2198: 2110: 2099: 2061: 1994: 1939: 1912: 1885: 1858: 310:, a mythical bird of Yakut folklore) is a genus of 496:, one of the multiple triple-headed eagles in the 1718:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1682:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1643:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1479:are also known from the formation. Fossils of a 1771: 8: 2283: 2116: 2107: 2006: 2002: 1991: 1918: 1891: 1864: 1855: 1794: 1778: 1764: 1756: 118: 20: 1613: 1603: 1554: 1544: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1500: 428:General Intelligence Agency of Mongolia 615:, showing the two-fingered hand in (d) 413:Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences 7: 1267: 1243: 1236: 1170: 1141: 1134: 1105: 1076: 1052: 1028: 927: 871: 864: 835: 780: 773: 749: 739: 715: 686: 655: 645: 354:Holotype block assemblage prior to 14: 2546:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia 432:Mongolian Palaeontological Center 2515: 2514: 2491: 2486: 1303: 1280: 1200: 1153: 1117: 1088: 963: 940: 901: 883: 847: 792: 698: 668: 559: 545: 422:Skull of holotype MPC-D 102/110a 404:traits, such as the death pose, 325:, that lived in what is now the 136: 1578:Apesteguía, Sebastián (2016). 1: 2556:Fossil taxa described in 2020 637:. It has been suggested that 1738:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.05.012 1702:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.023 1663:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.031 1605:10.1371/journal.pone.0157793 566:Body size of three specimens 552:Size comparison with a human 16:Extinct species of dinosaur 2577: 1525:Royal Society Open Science 525:including a reduced third 2504: 2484: 2286: 2119: 2009: 2005: 1990: 1971: 1921: 1894: 1867: 1854: 1793: 1296: 1272: 1265: 1248: 1241: 1234: 1192: 1175: 1168: 1146: 1139: 1132: 1110: 1103: 1081: 1074: 1057: 1050: 1033: 1026: 956: 932: 925: 900:Zamyn Khondt oviraptorid 898: 876: 869: 862: 840: 833: 807: 785: 778: 771: 754: 747: 737: 720: 713: 691: 684: 660: 653: 273: 266: 133:Scientific classification 131: 126: 117: 23: 578:theropods such as a few 626: 616: 470:Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar 423: 358: 622: 610: 466:Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig 421: 353: 580:carcharodontosaurian 474:Yoshitsugu Kobayashi 346:History of discovery 2551:Cretaceous Mongolia 2051:Scansoriopterygidae 1730:2020PPP...537j9190O 1694:2018PPP...494..101F 1655:2018PPP...494...91C 1596:2016PLoSO..1157793A 1546:10.1098/rsos.201184 1537:2020RSOS....701184F 1463:, and early birds. 1491:are also present. 1196:Heyuannia yanshini 627: 617: 611:Forelimb bones of 498:Altaic mythologies 492:, is derived from 462:Gregory F. Funston 424: 390:cervical vertebrae 359: 356:fossil preparation 333:. It includes the 2528: 2527: 2500: 2499: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2273: 2272: 2095: 2094: 2079:Similicaudipteryx 2044:Protarchaeopteryx 1986: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1469:pachycephalosaurs 1435:was found in the 1424: 1423: 1415: 1414: 1406: 1405: 1397: 1396: 1388: 1387: 1379: 1378: 1370: 1369: 1361: 1360: 1352: 1351: 1343: 1342: 1334: 1333: 1325: 1324: 1316: 1315: 1223: 1222: 1214: 1213: 1012: 1011: 1003: 1002: 994: 993: 985: 984: 976: 975: 914: 913: 822: 821: 599:oviraptorosaurs. 396:, hindlimbs, and 293: 292: 262: 2568: 2518: 2517: 2495: 2490: 2284: 2264:Epichirostenotes 2117: 2108: 2007: 2003: 1997:Oviraptorosauria 1992: 1975:Oviraptorosauria 1941:Oviraptorosauria 1919: 1892: 1865: 1856: 1849: 1848: 1795: 1787:Oviraptorosauria 1780: 1773: 1766: 1757: 1750: 1749: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1617: 1607: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1558: 1548: 1516: 1461:ornithomimosaurs 1457:therizinosaurids 1437:Nemegt Formation 1428:Paleoenvironment 1307: 1285: 1284: 1268: 1244: 1237: 1205: 1204: 1179:Heyuannia huangi 1171: 1157: 1142: 1135: 1121: 1106: 1092: 1077: 1053: 1029: 967: 945: 944: 928: 905: 887: 872: 865: 851: 836: 796: 781: 774: 750: 740: 716: 702: 687: 673: 672: 656: 646: 624:Life restoration 563: 549: 482:Philip J. Currie 398:caudal vertebrae 371:Nemegt Formation 327:Nemegt Formation 276: 253: 246: 233: 220: 141: 140: 122: 112: 42: 29:Temporal range: 21: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2496: 2470: 2377: 2326: 2269: 2221: 2194: 2189:Ojoraptorsaurus 2104: 2102:Caenagnathoidea 2091: 2086:Xingtianosaurus 2057: 1999: 1978: 1955: 1935: 1908: 1881: 1875:Avemetatarsalia 1860:Avemetatarsalia 1850: 1800: 1799: 1789: 1784: 1754: 1753: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1590:(7): e0157793. 1577: 1576: 1572: 1518: 1517: 1502: 1497: 1430: 1425: 1416: 1407: 1398: 1389: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1353: 1344: 1335: 1326: 1317: 1279: 1224: 1215: 1199: 1013: 1004: 995: 986: 977: 939: 915: 823: 667: 605: 571: 570: 569: 568: 567: 564: 555: 554: 553: 550: 539: 478:Corwin Sullivan 459:paleontologists 348: 319:Late Cretaceous 289: 282: 252: 244: 231: 218: 135: 113: 111: 110: 109: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 37: 36: 34: 31:Late Cretaceous 27: 17: 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1932: 1931: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1868: 1862: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1837: 1828: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1798: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1782: 1775: 1768: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1707: 1668: 1629: 1570: 1531:(10): 201184. 1499: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1453:alvarezsaurids 1445:dromaeosaurids 1429: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1114:Machairasaurus 1109: 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1120: 1116: 1115: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1079: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1008: 1007: 999: 998: 990: 989: 981: 980: 972: 971: 968: 966: 962: 961: 960:Corythoraptor 954: 953: 950: 949: 946: 943: 938: 937: 930: 929: 923: 922: 919: 918: 910: 909: 906: 904: 896: 895: 892: 891: 888: 886: 882: 881: 874: 873: 867: 866: 860: 859: 856: 855: 852: 850: 846: 845: 844:Ganzhousaurus 838: 837: 831: 830: 827: 826: 818: 817: 814: 813: 812: 805: 804: 801: 800: 797: 795: 791: 790: 783: 782: 776: 775: 769: 768: 765: 764: 761: 760: 759: 752: 751: 745: 742: 741: 735: 734: 731: 730: 727: 726: 725: 718: 717: 711: 710: 707: 706: 703: 701: 697: 696: 689: 688: 682: 681: 678: 677: 674: 671: 666: 665: 658: 657: 651: 650:Oviraptoridae 648: 647: 643: 640: 636: 635:Oviraptoridae 632: 625: 621: 614: 609: 602: 600: 598: 594: 593: 592:Balaur bondoc 588: 584: 581: 576: 562: 548: 536: 534: 532: 528: 524: 520: 519: 514: 509: 507: 503: 502:specific name 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 460: 456: 452: 449: 445: 440: 437: 433: 429: 420: 416: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 357: 352: 345: 343: 341: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 313: 309: 308: 303: 299: 298: 287: 281: 280: 272: 269: 265: 261: 257: 251: 250: 243: 240: 239: 236: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222:Oviraptoridae 217: 214: 213: 210: 207: 204: 201: 200: 197: 194: 191: 188: 187: 184: 181: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 139: 134: 130: 125: 121: 116: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 41: 32: 26: 22: 19: 2561:Nemegt fauna 2541:Oviraptorids 2462: 2456: 2455: 2448: 2441: 2434: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2405: 2400:Conchoraptor 2398: 2390: 2369: 2362: 2356:Huanansaurus 2354: 2346: 2339: 2319: 2314:Tongtianlong 2312: 2304: 2297: 2290: 2262: 2257:Caenagnathus 2255: 2248: 2241: 2234: 2214: 2207: 2200:Elmisaurinae 2187: 2179: 2174:Microvenator 2172: 2165: 2158: 2151: 2144: 2137: 2130: 2123: 2084: 2077: 2070: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2027: 2020: 2013: 1973: 1844:Pennaraptora 1839: 1830: 1821: 1721: 1717: 1710: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1646: 1642: 1632: 1587: 1583: 1573: 1528: 1524: 1487:, and small 1485:crocodilians 1440: 1432: 1431: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1274: 1273: 1250: 1249: 1194: 1193: 1177: 1176: 1148: 1147: 1112: 1111: 1085:Conchoraptor 1083: 1082: 1059: 1058: 1035: 1034: 958: 957: 936:Huanansaurus 934: 933: 899: 878: 877: 842: 841: 811:Tongtianlong 809: 808: 787: 786: 756: 755: 744:Citipatiinae 722: 721: 693: 692: 662: 661: 638: 628: 612: 590: 583:allosauroids 572: 530: 522: 516: 510: 505: 489: 486:generic name 450: 448:type species 441: 425: 410: 402:taphonomical 383: 366: 360: 338: 337: 335:type species 305: 301: 296: 295: 294: 285: 278: 277: 268:Type species 255: 248: 247: 202: 189: 176: 24: 18: 2450:Nemegtomaia 2383:Heyuanninae 2243:Apatoraptor 2072:Caudipteryx 1929:Maniraptora 1914:Maniraptora 1688:: 101−120. 1477:titanosaurs 1473:ankylosaurs 1449:troodontids 1150:Nemegtomaia 1023:Heyuanninae 631:Heyuanninae 597:caudipterid 537:Description 529:. To date, 453:, named in 312:oviraptorid 302:Oak-soak-oh 235:Heyuanninae 228:Subfamily: 2535:Categories 2508:See also: 2464:Shixinggia 2415:Gobiraptor 2292:Luoyanggia 2216:Elmisaurus 2146:Eoneophron 2132:Beibeilong 2125:Anomalipes 1950:see below↓ 1826:Dinosauria 1817:Sauropsida 1724:: 109190. 1649:: 91−100. 1495:References 1037:Shixinggia 758:Wulatelong 527:metacarpal 506:O. avarsan 361:The first 196:Saurischia 183:Dinosauria 2422:Heyuannia 2371:Rinchenia 2364:Oviraptor 2299:Nankangia 2167:Hagryphus 1902:Theropoda 1887:Theropoda 1835:Theropoda 1803:Kingdom: 1746:182937778 1481:pterosaur 789:Rinchenia 695:Oviraptor 664:Nankangia 518:Heyuannia 406:sediments 317:from the 209:Theropoda 156:Kingdom: 150:Eukaryota 2520:Category 2510:Timeline 2341:Citipati 2306:Nomingia 2181:Nomingia 2015:Avimimus 1811:Chordata 1809:Phylum: 1805:Animalia 1624:27410683 1584:PLOS ONE 1565:33204472 880:Citipati 575:holotype 513:paratype 436:prepared 379:holotype 375:Mongolia 363:specimen 331:Mongolia 315:dinosaur 284:Funston 254:Funston 215:Family: 170:Chordata 166:Phylum: 160:Animalia 146:Domain: 38:70  2209:Citipes 1815:Class: 1726:Bibcode 1690:Bibcode 1651:Bibcode 1615:4943716 1592:Bibcode 1556:7657903 1533:Bibcode 1489:mammals 457:by the 304:; from 241:Genus: 107:↓ 2457:Oksoko 2321:Yulong 1744:  1622:  1612:  1563:  1553:  1475:, and 1441:Oksoko 1433:Oksoko 1300:Oksoko 724:Yulong 639:Oksoko 613:Oksoko 595:, and 531:Oksoko 523:Oksoko 494:Öksökö 490:Oksoko 484:. The 394:pelvis 367:Oksoko 307:Öksökö 297:Oksoko 288:, 2020 286:et al. 256:et al. 249:Oksoko 25:Oksoko 2436:Khaan 2392:Banji 1840:Clade 1831:Clade 1822:Clade 1742:S2CID 1252:Banji 1061:Khaan 444:genus 386:skull 203:Clade 190:Clade 177:Clade 2236:Anzu 1927:see 1900:see 1873:see 1620:PMID 1561:PMID 573:The 480:and 455:2020 446:and 323:Asia 260:2020 46:PreꞒ 2029:Kol 1734:doi 1722:537 1698:doi 1686:494 1659:doi 1647:494 1610:PMC 1600:doi 1551:PMC 1541:doi 515:of 373:of 365:of 329:in 321:of 2537:: 1842:: 1833:: 1824:: 1740:. 1732:. 1720:. 1696:. 1684:. 1680:. 1657:. 1645:. 1641:. 1618:. 1608:. 1598:. 1588:11 1586:. 1582:. 1559:. 1549:. 1539:. 1527:. 1523:. 1503:^ 1483:, 1471:, 1467:, 1459:, 1455:, 1451:, 1447:, 504:, 488:, 476:, 472:, 468:, 464:, 392:, 388:, 342:. 258:, 205:: 192:: 179:: 96:Pg 40:Ma 2467:? 2410:? 2395:? 2374:? 2359:? 2351:? 2309:? 2184:? 2054:? 2032:? 1779:e 1772:t 1765:v 1748:. 1736:: 1728:: 1704:. 1700:: 1692:: 1665:. 1661:: 1653:: 1626:. 1602:: 1594:: 1567:. 1543:: 1535:: 1529:7 300:( 275:† 245:† 232:† 219:† 101:N 91:K 86:J 81:T 76:P 71:C 66:D 61:S 56:O 51:Ꞓ 35:~ 33:,

Index

Late Cretaceous
Ma
PreꞒ

O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N

Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Chordata
Dinosauria
Saurischia
Theropoda
Oviraptoridae
Heyuanninae
Oksoko
2020
Type species
Öksökö
oviraptorid

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