301:. To do this, she looked at the archaeological evidence of two differing environments present at the same time, one humid while the other was more seasonal, to explain the divergence of a people with a single origin. Related to the different environments was the emergence of different agricultural practices:
166:, founding director of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and animal behaviorist, in 1973. Moynihan died on December 3, 1996. After having been widowed for many years, Linares married Fenwick “Fen” C. Riley in 2006 and lived in Panama until their deaths a few months apart in 2014.
435:
Linares, O.F. 1993. Time, meaning and the restructuring of social relations: old and new crops among the Jola of
Senegal. In: Configurations of Power in Complex Society: Holistic Anthropology in Theory and Practice. J. Henderson and P. Netherly, eds., Ch.7: pp. 160–180. Ithaca: Cornell
452:
Linares, O.F. 2000. Creating cultural diversity: tropical forests transformed.In: Nature and Human
Society: The Quest for a Sustainable Future. P.H. Raven (ed.) Proceedings of 1997 Forum on Biodiversity Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, March 2000, pp
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region. According to
Linares, drought and other uncontrollable factors are not the sole reason for subpar agricultural performance, but also the state's inability to respond effectively and appropriately to these environmental stresses.
31:
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Hladik, C.M., Hladik, A., Linares, O. F., Pagezy, H., Semple, A. and Hadley, M. (eds.) 1993. TROPICAL FORESTS, PEOPLE AND FOOD: BIOCULTURAL INTERACTIONS AND APPLICATIONS TO DEVELOPMENT. Man in the
Biosphere (MAB) Series, Vol. 13:
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Linares, Olga F. 1977. Ecology and the arts in ancient Panama : on the development of social rank and symbolism in the central provinces. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and
Archaeology, No. 17. Washington D.C., Dumbarton
448:
Linares, O.F. 1998. Rice production and the drought: Jola communities in Lower
Casamance, Senegal. For: Chéneau-Loquay, A. and A. Leplaideur, eds. Quel Avenir pour les Rizicultures_ I'Afrique de l'Ouest. Bordeaux, France:
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growing have led to backyard farming in urban areas, providing not only another source of food, but also a way to maintain and strengthen friendship, "inter-ethnic" cooperation, as well as to enrich the environment.
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Linares, Olga F. 2005 Jola
Agriculture at a Crossroads. Canadian Journal of African Studies, Vol. 39, No. 2, Contested Casamance / Discordante Casamance, Canadian Association of African Studies, pp. 230–252
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353:.) She looks at the varying techniques of wet rice production and compares them with different modes of cultivation in the region. She also examines how social organization shapes these differing methods.
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where she collected artifacts in order to better understand the 'meaning and function' of the arts. This included a study of trade practices and social structures of power during the 16th century of the
282:. She did this by studying changing ceramic techniques of four excavation sites in the region which presented a sequence of occupation which she then related to other central Panamanian provinces and in
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Linares, O.F. 1997. Diminished rains and divided tasks: rice growing in three Jola communities of
Casamance, Senegal. In: The Ecology of Practice: Food Crop Production in SubSaharan West Africa, Nyer
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Fellow: American
Association for the Advancement of Science; mem.: National Academy of Sciences, Royal Anthropology Institute, Am. Anthropology Association (member ethics committee 1992—93).
263:. She deduced that historically, there were populations that lived, hunted and farmed in these regions, and that it was not merely a pathway connecting Central America to South America.
255:, in particular Panama. In part, her research was an effort to bring to light the validity or invalidity of popular assumptions that this region served solely as a corridor between
439:
Linares, O.F. 1996. Cultivating
Biological and Cultural Diversity: Urban Farming in Casamance, Senegal. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 66 (1), 104–121.
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and the arts in ancient Panama." During this research she studied the culture and art of ancient populations of the central provinces of Panama. Much of her research was done at
364:. Here, she looks at the effects of colonial influence on the practices of the Jola, and how traditional cultivation differs from modern cultivation of crops purely for export.
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Linares, O.F. 1997. Agrarian Systems. In: Middleton, John (ed.). Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara, Vol. I, pp. 17–22. New York: Simon & Schuster MacMillan.
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309:. By looking at what may have happened when an ancient population migrated and colonized a new territory, Linares is essentially developing theories of patterns of the
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680:(in Spanish) (online revised and repaginated version, with corrections and addition of bibliography to original 1st print ed.). Panamá: Editorial Manfer;
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Dolores R. Piperno, Richard Cooke, and Fernando Santos-Granero, "Olga F. Linares", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2017)
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Linares, Olga F. (1981). "From Tidal Swamp to Inland Valley: On the Social Organisation of Wet Rice Cultivation among the Diola of Senegal".
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From the 1980s until present, Linares began extensive research in the Casamance region of Southern Senegal, the region located below the
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Linares, O.F. 1998. Kuseek and Kuriimen: Wives and Kinswomen in Jola Society. Canadian Journal of African Studies 22(3): 472-490.
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Linares, O.F. 1992. POWER, PRAYER AND PRODUCTION: the Jola of Casamance, Senegal. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
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Linares, Olga F. et al. 1975. "Prehistoric agriculture in tropical highlands." Science, Vol. 187(n.s.):4172, pp. 137–45.
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in California, from 1979 to 1980 and as a visiting professor in 1982. Later she was a fellow at St. John's overseas at
142:. She is also concerned with the social organization of agrarian systems as well as the relationship between "ecology,
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090212133207/http://stri.org/english/scientific_staff/staff_scientist/scientist.php?id=24
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Linares, Olga F. 1979. What is lower Central American archaeology? Annual review of anthropology, Vol 8, pp. 21–43.
204:
162:, the daughter of Francisco (Frank) Esteban Linares and Olga Tribaldos de Linares., She married her second husband
1009:(1, The Social Shaping of Biodiversity: Perspectives on the Management of Biological Variety in Africa): 104–121.
707:
Linares, Olga F. (1968a). "Ceramic Phases for Chiriqui, Panama, and Their Relationship to Neighboring Sequences".
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Ecology and the Arts in Ancient Panama: On the Development of Social Rank and Symbolism in the Central Provinces
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Linares, Olga F. 1976. "Garden hunting" in the American tropics. Human Ecology. vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 331–349.
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310:
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Linares, Olga F (1996). "Cultivating Biological and Cultural Diversity: Urban Farming in Casamance, Senegal".
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Furthermore, she discusses the role the government has played in agricultural failures due to drought in the
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In addition to rural food cultivation practices, Linares explores a new form that she refers to as "
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130:, who supported much of her research throughout her career. She is well known for her work on the
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537:"Record Unit 9624 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Oral History Interviews, 2010, 2013"
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and the changing dynamics of food production among rural peoples living in tropical regions".
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Linares, Olga F. (April 1985). "Cash Crops and Gender Constructs: The Jola of Senegal".
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in Philadelphia from 1966 to 1971. She also was a visiting associate professor at the
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Linares, Olga F. (October 1979). "What is Lower Central American Archaeology?".
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One of Linares' earliest ventures was exploring occupation sequences in the
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in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1964 and a lecturer of anthropology at the
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Linares began her career as an archaeologist mainly focused on studying
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Piperno, Dolores; Cooke, Richard; Santos-Granero, Fernando (2017),
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Linares, Olga F. (1977a). "Adaptive Strategies in Western Panama".
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One example of this is the role gender plays in the production of
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375:. With much migration to larger cities, traditional practices of
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in England from 1986 to 1987. In 2002 she was a trustee for the
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1062:. Europa Biographical Reference series (3rd ed.). London:
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Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (November 28, 2008).
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Panamanian–American academic anthropologist and archaeologist
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in 1958 and later completed her Ph.D. in anthropology from
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
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Linares retired in 2008, as senior research scientist at
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Olga Linares was born November 10, 1936, in the city of
507:"A Biographical Memoir of Olga F. Linares (1936–2014)"
1141:, Biographical Memoirs, National Academy of Sciences
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Sleeman, Elizabeth, ed. (2001). "Linares, Olga F.".
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Cultural Chronology of the Gulf of ChiriquĂ, Panama
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199:Linares served as an instructor of anthropology at
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1118:Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute website.
669:Cooke, Richard G.; Luis Alberto Sánchez (2004).
114:(November 10, 1936 – December 2, 2014; formerly
559:Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute 2008: 2
535:Archives, Smithsonian Institution (2010–2013).
270:in central Panama from AD 300 to the 'Classic'
221:International Plant Genetic Resources Institute
833:Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
468:
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907:(2, Rice and Yams in West Africa): 557–595.
1104:Office of Communication and Public Programs
242:Principal archaeological research projects
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1203:Panamanian emigrants to the United States
1060:The International Who's Who of Women 2002
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124:Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
88:Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
769:(PDF online reproduction by publisher)
1278:21st-century Panamanian women writers
1268:20th-century Panamanian women writers
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134:of Panama, and more recently in the
874:10.1146/annurev.an.08.100179.000321
671:"ArqueologĂa en Panamá (1888-2003)"
371:" that has developed in the age of
170:Educational background and training
1253:University of Pennsylvania faculty
798:(3, Human Biogeography): 304–319.
238:with the STRI scientific faculty.
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1218:Panamanian women anthropologists
647:Smithsonian Institution Archives
541:Smithsonian Institution Archives
485:International Who's Who of Women
1283:21st-century Panamanian writers
1273:20th-century Panamanian writers
1223:Panamanian women archaeologists
1243:Smithsonian Institution people
1188:American women anthropologists
678:Panamá: Cien años de República
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1248:Pre-Columbian anthropologists
1198:American women archaeologists
861:Annual Review of Anthropology
804:10.1080/00438243.1977.9979675
773:Smithsonian Institution Press
179:Linares received her B.A. in
514:National Academy of Sciences
1293:21st-century American women
398:National Science Foundation
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1263:Panamanian women academics
1238:Harvard University faculty
1208:Panamanian anthropologists
1178:People from David District
1135:Olga F. Linares, 1936-2014
827:Linares, Olga F. (1977b).
762:Linares, Olga F. (1968b).
280:stratified refuge deposits
205:University of Pennsylvania
1233:Harvard University alumni
1213:Panamanian archaeologists
1091:"Olga F. Linares retires"
641:NiekraszEJ (2020-02-27).
278:of the Chiriqui based on
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80:Anthropology, archaeology
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1288:American women academics
1183:American anthropologists
1114:(in English and Spanish)
1094:(PDF online publication)
311:peopling of the Americas
1193:American archaeologists
316:Linares also examined "
289:Linares later studied '
392:Awards and memberships
112:Olga Francesca Linares
23:Olga Francesca Linares
1228:Vassar College alumni
682:Universidad de Panamá
631:Linares 2005: 230-231
349:people (also spelled
253:lower Central America
247:Lower Central America
116:Olga Linares de Sapir
1066:. pp. 333–334.
217:Cambridge University
1064:Europa Publications
684:. pp. 1–104 .
613:Linares 1985: 83-84
568:Linares 1979: 21-22
496:Linares 1968b: viii
487:(Sleeman 2001: 333)
213:Stanford University
209:University of Texas
138:region of Southern
710:American Antiquity
577:Linares 1968a: 216
291:adaptive radiation
201:Harvard University
189:Harvard University
65:Harvard University
1073:978-1-85743-122-3
791:World Archaeology
691:978-9962-608-39-4
643:"Olga F. Linares"
622:Linares 1996: 104
604:Linares 1981: 557
586:Linares 1977: 304
436:University Press.
362:subsistence crops
272:ChiriquĂ Province
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1173:2014 deaths
1168:1936 births
472:Smithsonian
377:subsistence
322:Sitio Conte
303:vegeculture
295:prehistoric
257:Mesoamerica
1162:Categories
1108:2009-10-13
1100:. Panama:
663:References
652:2022-01-20
546:2022-01-20
520:August 31,
358:cash crops
333:cultures.
284:Costa Rica
276:chronology
126:(STRI) in
1098:STRI News
1047:143475685
1023:0001-9720
976:0014-1828
955:Ethnology
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937:318415907
921:0001-9720
882:0084-6570
868:: 21–43.
812:0043-8243
755:245676400
731:0002-7316
227:in 2002.
191:in 1964.
148:migration
136:Casamance
122:) at the
1082:59532283
1039:37265969
992:42703842
820:48535549
700:56844445
453:420–434.
396:Grantee
1031:1161514
984:3773551
929:1158828
890:1783647
851:3436901
747:1479302
432:UNESCO.
360:versus
337:Senegal
318:Ecology
305:versus
236:emerita
140:Senegal
120:emerita
1080:
1070:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1002:Africa
990:
982:
974:
943:
935:
927:
919:
900:Africa
888:
880:
849:
839:
818:
810:
779:
753:
745:
739:278524
737:
729:
698:
688:
516:. 2017
449:CEGET.
343:Gambia
154:Family
128:Panama
100:(1964)
98:
94:Thesis
77:Fields
1139:(PDF)
1043:S2CID
1027:JSTOR
980:JSTOR
941:S2CID
925:JSTOR
751:S2CID
735:JSTOR
674:(PDF)
510:(PDF)
458:Notes
419:Oaks.
351:Diola
327:Cocle
293:' in
183:from
1102:STRI
1078:OCLC
1068:ISBN
1035:OCLC
1019:ISSN
988:OCLC
972:ISSN
933:OCLC
917:ISSN
886:OCLC
878:ISSN
847:OCLC
837:ISBN
816:OCLC
808:ISSN
781:3218
777:OCLC
743:OCLC
727:ISSN
696:OCLC
686:ISBN
522:2020
347:Jola
331:Cuna
329:and
259:and
232:STRI
225:Rome
50:Died
38:Born
1011:doi
964:doi
909:doi
870:doi
800:doi
719:doi
223:in
1164::
1096:.
1076:.
1041:.
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1025:.
1017:.
1007:66
1005:.
986:.
978:.
970:.
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958:.
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512:.
477:^
465:^
313:.
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872::
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