1530:
3283:
1959:
55:
3540:
7287:
3429:
1488:
7251:
6584:
5957:
7276:
882:
870:
1818:
7263:
6594:
1887:; and (3) economic models of political or exploitative class processes. Within the field of political science, there is generally a distinction between international political economy (studied by international relations scholars) and comparative political economy (studied by comparative politics scholars).
1741:, for his work on making the distinction between "profit" and "sustenance", in modern political economy terms, surplus and that required for the reproduction of classes respectively. He also calls for the creation of a science to explain society and goes on to outline these ideas in his major work, the
2215:'s approach and call to action which advocated for the re-introduction of political consideration and political science knowledge more generally into the discipline of economics as a way of improving the robustness of the discipline and remedying its shortcomings, which had become clear following the
1696:
as natural-law; and persisted despite evidence to the contrary during the First World War. Today, the term "economics" usually refers to the narrow study of the economy absent other political and social considerations while the term "political economy" represents a distinct and competing approach.
2338:
studies political economy within the wider geographical studies of human-environment interactions wherein economic actions of humans transform the natural environment. Apart from these, attempts have been made to develop a geographical political economy that prioritises commodity production and
2325:
attempts to reconstruct past political economies by examining the material evidence for administrative strategies to control and mobilize resources. This evidence may include architecture, animal remains, evidence for craft workshops, evidence for feasting and ritual, evidence for the import or
2066:
suggests that a political economy approach "interrogates economic doctrines to disclose their sociological and political premises.... in sum, regards economic ideas and behavior not as frameworks for analysis, but as beliefs and actions that must themselves be explained". This approach informs
2351:
deals with political economy because human activity has the greatest effect upon the environment, its central concern being the environment's suitability for human activity. The ecological effects of economic activity spur research upon changing market economy incentives. Additionally and more
2364:
examines the institutional aspects of media and telecommunication systems. As the area of study focusing on aspects of human communication, it pays particular attention to the relationships between owners, labor, consumers, advertisers, structures of production and the state and the power
1894:
theory closely intertwined with political economy. Both approaches model voters, politicians and bureaucrats as behaving in mainly self-interested ways, in contrast to a view, ascribed to earlier mainstream economists, of government officials trying to maximize individual
1809:. At present, political economy refers to different yet related approaches to studying economic and related behaviours, ranging from the combination of economics with other fields to the use of different, fundamental assumptions challenging earlier economic assumptions.
2205:) engaged themes related to political economy. In the second half of the 20th century, lawyers associated with the Chicago School incorporated certain intellectual traditions from economics. However, since the crisis in 2007 legal scholars especially related to
2226:. The rationale for this academic unit was that "the disciplines of Politics and Economics are inextricably linked", and that it was "not possible to properly understand political processes without exploring the economic context in which politics operates".
1705:
Originally, political economy meant the study of the conditions under which production or consumption within limited parameters was organized in nation-states. In that way, political economy expanded the emphasis on economics, which comes from the Greek
1691:
indicate that use of the term "economics" began to overshadow "political economy" around roughly 1910, becoming the preferred term for the discipline by 1920. According to economist Clara Mattei, this shift was driven by the increasing consensus of
2318:
expressions in the U.S. entertainment media) by means of broader historical, political and sociological processes. Analyses of structural features of transnational processes focus on the interactions between the world capitalist system and local
2587:
3609:
1747:. In Al-Muqaddimah Khaldun states, "Civilization and its well-being, as well as business prosperity, depend on productivity and people's efforts in all directions in their own interest and profit" – seen as a modern precursor to
4254:
3468:
3944:
3353:
2240:
In 2017, the
Political Economy UK Group (abbreviated PolEconUK) was established as a research consortium in the field of political economy. It hosts an annual conference and counts among its member institutions
2237:. It was created as a means of combining political and economic analyses of capitalism which were viewed by the founders to be insufficient as independent disciplines in explaining the 2008 financial crisis.
2295:
studies the effects of persons' involvement in society as members of groups and how that changes their ability to function. Many sociologists start from a perspective of production-determining relation from
3424:
1687:, a proponent of mathematical methods applied to the subject, advocated economics for brevity and with the hope of the term becoming "the recognised name of a science". Citation measurement metrics from
3527:
3208:
4949:
2569:
3993:"Chang, H. J. (2002). Breaking the Mould – An Institutionalist Political Economy Alternative to the Neo-Liberal Theory of the Market and State", in "Cambridge Journal of Economics", 26(5),
1714:(meaning "law" or "order"). Political economy was thus meant to express the laws of production of wealth at the state level, quite like economics concerns putting home to order. The phrase
6539:
3606:
2190:
have employed political economy to explore the ways in the past that persons and groups with common economic interests have used politics to effect changes beneficial to their interests.
3996:
3519: • Weingast, Barry R., Kenneth A. Shepsle, and Christopher Johnsen (1981). "The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs: A Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics,"
2160:, the analysis of dimensions lacking a standard economic value (e.g. the political economy of language, of gender, or of religion) often draws on concepts used in Marxian critiques of
2971:
2772:
2480:
4251:
2101:, was "almost single-handedly responsible for creating international political economy as a field of study." In the United States, these approaches are associated with the journal
3715:
2332:
is the fulcrum on which political economy exerts its force in studying decision making (not only in prices), but as the field of study whose assumptions model political economy.
6409:
6401:
6356:
2568:
Hacker, Jacob S.; Hertel-Fernandez, Alexander; Pierson, Paul; Thelen, Kathleen (2021), Hertel-Fernandez, Alexander; Hacker, Jacob S.; Thelen, Kathleen; Pierson, Paul (eds.),
6119:
4632:
3465:
1915:
and complex decision making in which context the term "positive political economy" is common. Other "traditional" topics include analysis of such public policy issues as
6424:
6377:
4317:
3941:
3827:
3731:
3657:
3484:
3350:
3255:
3143:
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3054:
1951:
and the politics of excessive deficits. An interesting example would be the publication in 1954 of the first manual of
Political Economy in the Soviet Union, edited by
6325:
6309:
2676:
2314:
studies political economy by investigating regimes of political and economic value that condition tacit aspects of sociocultural practices (e.g. the pejorative use of
6489:
6414:
4466:
2680:
2515:
2270:
Because political economy is not a unified discipline, there are studies using the term that overlap in subject matter, but have radically different perspectives:
6514:
2161:
2864:
5991:
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2121:
4074:
3524:
3205:
6519:
6304:
5918:
4700:
3198:
2844:
912:
844:
4946:
4046:
1607:, and how these are shaped by institutions, laws, and government policy. Originating in the 18th century, it is the precursor to the modern discipline of
6524:
3748:
2410:
1516:
3901:
4543:
3792:
3761:
3396:
3369:
2193:
Political economy and law is a recent attempt within legal scholarship to engage explicitly with political economy literature. In the 1920s and 1930s,
6630:
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6499:
6479:
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6464:
6387:
5163:
4554:
3601:
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3876:
3693:] (in Russian) (1st ed.). Marxists Internet Archive: Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R (published 2014). 1954.
3300:
2093:(IPE) an interdisciplinary field comprising approaches to the actions of various actors. According to International Relations scholar Chris Brown,
4333:
1777:
to the physiocrats generally receive much greater attention. The world's first professorship in political economy was established in 1754 at the
5030:
2824:
7328:
6544:
6419:
6299:
5510:
5285:
4446:
4407:
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3010:
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2397:
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2756:
1639:
7318:
6559:
6549:
6459:
5099:
5070:
4574:
2134:
4505:
3994:
2144:
The use of a political economy approach by anthropologists, sociologists, and geographers used in reference to the regimes of politics or
5495:
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2996:
6474:
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6444:
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6278:
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3223:
2530:
4297:
4124:
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3967:
3865:
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1996:
and institutions. Topics have included the breakup of nations, the origins and rate of change of political institutions in relation to
6564:
6554:
6449:
5651:
4761:
4734:
4372:
4167:
2803:
2652:
2619:
2005:
4113:
2999:
2216:
6529:
6484:
6141:
6044:
5984:
4141:
3814:
3321:
3166:
2947:
2525:
2505:
2311:
1384:
4349:
4243:
3854:
3511:
2345:
documents change, often using it to argue political economy; some historical works take political economy as the narrative's frame.
4286:
4178:
6509:
5586:
4778:
3231:
2937:
2377:
1778:
990:
2705:
7203:
2430:
2234:
2090:
1880:
905:
20:
4314:
3824:
2352:
recently, ecological theory has been used to examine economic systems as similar systems of interacting species (e.g., firms).
7160:
6814:
6655:
6382:
3936:
Alesina, Alberto, and
Roberto Perotti (1994). "The Political Economy of Growth: A Critical Survey of the Recent Literature,"
3728:
3654:
3481:
3252:
3140:
3067:
3051:
1509:
1379:
1157:
1005:
4658:
McCoy, Drew R. "The
Elusive Republic: Political Economy in Jeffersonian America", Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina.
4212:
1992:. From the mid-1990s, the field has expanded, in part aided by new cross-national data sets allowing tests of hypotheses on
6597:
3127:
6767:
6623:
5898:
5703:
5500:
3573:, and José-Víctor Ríos-Rull (1999). "On the Size of U.S. Government: Political Economy in the Neoclassical Growth Model,"
2460:
1394:
505:
243:
4463:
4201:
3116:
2289:
studies the distribution of resources so that the material wants of a society are satisfied; enhance societal well-being.
2062:
which may treat economic ideologies as the phenomenon to explain, per the traditions of
Marxian political economy. Thus,
7108:
7018:
6587:
6335:
5977:
5636:
5624:
5156:
4086:
2734:
2445:
2209:, have turned to more explicitly engage with the debates, methodology and various themes within political economy texts.
1993:
1143:
975:
946:
4474: • Acemoglu, Daron (2003). "Why Not a Political Coase Theorem? Social Conflict, Commitment, and Politics,"
6660:
6494:
6268:
6146:
6114:
5522:
5351:
5275:
5203:
5035:
2862:
1447:
854:
74:
64:
4966:
3177:
3093:
3033:
1871:
associate political economy with three sub-areas: (1) the role of government and/or class and power relationships in
3583: • Galasso, Vincenzo, and Paola Profeta (2002). "The Political Economy of Social Security: A Survey,"
1939:
politics. Empirical analysis includes the influence of elections on the choice of economic policy, determinants and
7313:
7267:
6134:
5646:
5629:
5505:
2258:
2103:
1802:
1719:
1665:
980:
951:
898:
848:
378:
368:
5527:
7323:
6922:
6650:
6054:
5126:
4022:
3982:
Perotti, Enrico (2014). "The
Political Economy of Finance", in "Capitalism and Society" Vol. 9, No. 1, Article 1
1829:
1502:
1107:
258:
7291:
4997:
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5729:
5691:
5517:
4752:
4043:
3629:
3159:
3086:
3026:
2475:
2148:
that emerge primarily at the level of states or regional governance, but also within smaller social groups and
2045:
1936:
1865:
1644:; household management. The earliest works of political economy are usually attributed to the British scholars
1630:, with theoretical works exploring the administration of states' wealth; "political" signifying the Greek word
1222:
1112:
827:
565:
520:
373:
142:
86:
4270:
3819: • _____ (2010). "Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems,"
2250:
2223:
580:
5089:
7065:
6953:
6848:
6330:
6218:
5960:
5696:
5612:
5607:
5575:
5149:
4540:
3789:
3758:
3393:
3366:
2490:
2437:
2230:
2037:
1932:
1900:
1884:
1718:(translated in English to "political economy") first appeared in France in 1615 with the well-known book by
1152:
530:
338:
328:
288:
278:
185:
108:
5485:
5480:
3588:
1988:, including the seeming discrepancy of economic policy and economist's recommendations through the lens of
7175:
6895:
6723:
6372:
5943:
5679:
5465:
5432:
5290:
1904:
1684:
1620:
1596:
1389:
1331:
1277:
700:
545:
283:
223:
180:
127:
4551:
3959:
Keefer, Philip (2004). "What Does
Political Economy Tell Us about Economic Development and Vice Versa?"
3691:
Political
Economy: A Textbook issued by the Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R
3686:
Political
Economy: A Textbook issued by the Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R
3665: • Alesina, Alberto, and Roberto Perotti (1995). "The Political Economy of Budget Deficits,"
515:
7098:
7088:
7050:
7023:
6985:
6958:
6868:
6777:
6696:
6686:
6253:
6213:
6171:
6034:
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5748:
5641:
5570:
5295:
5258:
5236:
5231:
4836:
4626:
4063:
4055:
3918:
3873:
3297:
2094:
2059:
1985:
1790:
1676:
1533:
1209:
1042:
834:
490:
475:
333:
273:
253:
248:
5490:
4330:
3535: • Breyer, Friedrich (1994). "The Political Economy of Intergenerational Redistribution,"
2177:
1903:. As such, economists and political scientists often associate political economy with approaches using
5014:
Maggi, Giovanni, and Andrés Rodríguez-Clare (2007). "A Political-Economy Theory of Trade
Agreements,"
7045:
6885:
6858:
6853:
6750:
6233:
6151:
5686:
5334:
4455:
3545:
2821:
2246:
2181:
2169:
2112:
2033:
2001:
1981:
1940:
1794:
1693:
1319:
1190:
1180:
1165:
1092:
1010:
585:
407:
358:
323:
263:
228:
132:
122:
69:
4880:
Hirth, Kenneth G. 1996. Political Economy and Archaeology: Perspectives on Exchange and Production.
4443:
4404:
3769:
3723: • _____ and Torsten Persson (2008). "political institutions, economic approaches to,"
3007:
7225:
7219:
7145:
7060:
7005:
6880:
6745:
6691:
6273:
6069:
6019:
6000:
5913:
5778:
5738:
5602:
5560:
5300:
5263:
3913:
Bolton, Patrick, and Gérard Roland (1997). "The Breakup of Nations: A Political Economy Analysis,"
3618:
1916:
1872:
1748:
1688:
1661:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1431:
1341:
1195:
1097:
1047:
985:
811:
620:
480:
442:
383:
308:
298:
268:
195:
103:
3404:
1958:
7170:
6735:
6351:
6014:
5853:
5565:
5532:
5470:
4692:
3342:
2918:
2670:
2465:
2254:
2041:
2021:
2017:
1912:
1469:
1062:
839:
795:
600:
437:
432:
412:
363:
303:
293:
238:
233:
205:
200:
170:
38:
4571:
3684:
2424:
2391:
2222:
In 2010, the only Department of Political Economy in the United Kingdom formally established at
1955:, which mixed the classic theoretical approach of the time with the soviet political discourse.
4645:
Cohen, Benjamin J. "The transatlantic divide: Why are American and British IPE so different?",
4502:
7135:
7123:
7118:
6990:
6980:
6900:
6843:
6787:
5928:
5873:
5788:
5713:
5708:
5422:
5346:
5132:
4917:
4757:
4730:
4614:
4393:
4137:
3896:(2001). "New Tools in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of Political Institutions,"
3810:
3740:
3646:
2943:
2910:
2768:
2658:
2648:
2625:
2615:
2577:
2520:
2510:
2485:
2470:
2420:
2387:
2242:
2206:
1977:
1841:
1782:
1616:
1548:
1464:
1138:
1000:
956:
929:
730:
705:
655:
615:
495:
452:
388:
353:
343:
175:
93:
4999:
Foundations of Real-World Economics; What Every Economics Student Needs To Know (3rd edition)
4977:
4799:
4775:"About Political Economy | Department of Political Economy | King's College London"
4513:
3557:
3377:
7155:
7000:
6975:
6782:
6772:
6762:
6124:
6024:
5863:
5848:
5358:
5329:
5317:
5307:
5243:
5223:
5193:
5188:
5057:
Riches and Poverty : An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain, 1750–1834
4907:
4684:
4604:
4385:
4380:
4294:
4121:
3964:
3862:
3800:
3329:
3218:
2902:
2764:
2355:
2173:
2157:
2063:
1989:
1970:
1891:
1786:
1762:
1757:
were the first major exponents of political economy, although the intellectual responses of
1588:
1414:
1170:
1024:
780:
725:
710:
695:
680:
660:
610:
590:
570:
525:
398:
348:
318:
313:
5455:
5450:
4369:
4164:
4145:
4094:
2645:
Principles of political economy : with some of their applications to social philosophy
54:
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6927:
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6176:
6166:
6029:
5868:
5828:
5808:
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4558:
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4520:
4509:
4486:
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4411:
4400:
4376:
4353:
4337:
4321:
4301:
4290:
4274:
4258:
4247:
4232:
4216:
4205:
4182:
4171:
4156:
4128:
4117:
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4050:
4026:
4000:
3971:
3948:
3925:
3880:
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3858:
3831:
3807:
3796:
3776:
3765:
3735:
3719:
3661:
3633:
3613:
3564:
3531:
3515:
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3440:
3411:
3400:
3373:
3357:
3336:
3325:
3304:
3259:
3235:
3212:
3181:
3170:
3147:
3131:
3120:
3097:
3074:
3058:
3037:
3014:
3003:
2868:
2828:
2202:
2198:
2126:
2116:
2049:
2013:
1997:
1973:
1876:
1845:
1727:
1680:
1592:
1492:
1474:
1299:
1284:
874:
785:
750:
715:
650:
575:
560:
447:
422:
417:
393:
165:
160:
28:
4110:
3318:
3315:
Political Economy, Oligopoly and Experimental Games: The Selected Essays of Martin Shubik
3163:
5084:
4346:
4240:
3508:
7280:
7128:
7040:
7035:
6792:
6713:
6708:
6639:
6094:
5935:
5838:
5833:
5758:
5475:
5324:
5280:
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5045:
5008:
Political Economy and Liberalism in France : The Contributions of Frédéric Bastiat
4306:
4283:
4011:
3851:
3704:
3500:
3194:
3044: • Brandt, Loren, and Thomas G. Rawski (2008). "Chinese economic reforms,"
2607:
2545:
2540:
2495:
2361:
2212:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2108:
1944:
1821:
1798:
1649:
1584:
1556:
1370:
1289:
1243:
1185:
805:
790:
755:
740:
720:
690:
540:
510:
427:
117:
113:
4774:
3228:
1487:
7307:
7231:
7187:
7150:
7080:
7055:
6965:
6863:
6809:
6804:
6229:
6181:
6084:
6059:
5858:
5843:
5818:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5768:
5763:
5412:
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5270:
5103:
4938:
4857:
4696:
3843:
3781:
3275:
3271:
3105:
2922:
2697:
2194:
2138:
2098:
2068:
1962:
1928:
1861:
1806:
1766:
1653:
1294:
1272:
1247:
1077:
770:
760:
735:
675:
670:
665:
645:
635:
605:
595:
500:
403:
24:
2283:
rigorously assesses and studies a set of beliefs and their applicability to reality.
1726:. Other contemporary scholars attribute the roots of this study to the 13th Century
7030:
6970:
6718:
6676:
6224:
5878:
5823:
5783:
5555:
5427:
5393:
5383:
5341:
5218:
5213:
2535:
2315:
2229:
In 2012, the Sheffield Political Economy Research Institute (SPERI) was founded at
2130:
2009:
1952:
1948:
1924:
1770:
1057:
886:
800:
745:
640:
630:
625:
550:
98:
4014:, and James A. Robinson (2006). "Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective,"
2906:
5006:
4209:
3503:(1983). "A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence,"
2152:. Because these regimes influence and are influenced by the organization of both
7182:
7070:
6995:
6912:
6831:
6824:
6681:
6074:
5883:
5378:
5363:
5136:
5122:
3570:
3124:
2500:
2322:
2303:
2300:. Marx's theories on the subject of political economy are contained in his book
2165:
1908:
1754:
1738:
1657:
1576:
1560:
1361:
1326:
1229:
1217:
1082:
775:
765:
555:
190:
3135: • Mitra, Devashish (2008). "trade policy, political economy of,"
2107:, which in the 1970s became the leading journal of IPE under the editorship of
7275:
7236:
7075:
6917:
6875:
6819:
6208:
6204:
6186:
6161:
6049:
5813:
5743:
5674:
5619:
4991:
Journal of Australian Political Economy, Australian Political Economy Movement
4688:
4609:
4198:
3113:
2629:
2329:
2280:
1849:
1758:
1743:
1645:
1580:
1451:
1441:
1436:
1175:
1037:
685:
485:
4618:
2914:
2726:
2662:
1844:
in explaining how political institutions, the political environment, and the
7010:
6907:
6836:
6730:
6703:
6156:
6089:
5923:
5753:
5368:
5253:
5208:
5116:
5107:
4390:
The Zero-sum Society: Distribution and the Possibilities For Economic Change
4175:
3757:, in the Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions series. Cambridge.
3392:(Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press). Description and content
3293:
2727:"economics | Definition, History, Examples, Types, & Facts | Britannica"
2335:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2187:
2125:. There also is a more critical school of IPE, inspired by thinkers such as
2087:, an international journal founded by Sheffield University scholars in 1996.
2083:(Manchester University Press, 1999). It also informs much work published in
2076:
2025:
1857:
1853:
1837:
1833:
1774:
1734:
1730:
1672:
1608:
1552:
1336:
1234:
1117:
1072:
1052:
535:
466:
46:
4921:
2055:
Other important landmarks in the development of political economy include:
1817:
1675:" gradually began to replace the term "political economy" with the rise of
4325: • Barry, John 2001. "Justice, Nature and Political Economy,"
3786:
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
3174:
3090:
3030:
869:
6283:
4572:"The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?"
3548:(1995). "The Politics and Economics of Redistribution and Inefficiency,"
2893:
Bertholet, Auguste (2020-05-27). "The intellectual origins of Mirabeau".
2277:
studies power relations and their relationship to achieving desired ends.
2274:
1920:
1801:, in 1805, became England's first professor of political economy, at the
1568:
1459:
1419:
1102:
1087:
1067:
936:
3110:
Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order
6757:
6237:
4894:
May, Robert M.; Levin, Simon A.; Sugihara, George (February 21, 2008).
4267:
2348:
2342:
1896:
1564:
1374:
1032:
5969:
4019:
3848:
The Making of Economic Policy: A Transaction Cost Politics Perspective
1583:). Widely studied phenomena within the discipline are systems such as
6079:
5019:
4479:
3062: • Helsley, Robert W. (2008). "urban political economy,"
2570:"The American Political Economy: A Framework and Agenda for Research"
2029:
1911:
and in examining phenomena beyond economics' standard remit, such as
1632:
1627:
1424:
1366:
1264:
4912:
4895:
4537:
In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy
4524:
4435:
4220:
3983:
3670:
3626:
3448:
3308:
23:. For the study of political science through economic analysis, see
4595:
Brown, Chris (July 1999). "Susan Strange—a critical appreciation".
4038:• Mukand, Sharun W. (2008). "policy reform, political economy of,"
3578:
6608:
5537:
5312:
4237:
Political Economy of the Environment An Interdisciplinary Approach
3621:(1989). "Alternative Approaches to the Political Business Cycle,"
3425:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
3274:(1981). "Game Theory Models and Methods in Political Economy," in
3247:
Lohmann, Susanne (2008). "rational choice and political science,"
1528:
19:
For the study of political economy on an international level, see
5141:
3345:(1990). "The Emerging Discipline of Political Economy," ch. 1 in
6569:
6429:
6612:
5973:
5145:
4280:
Justice, Society and Nature An Exploration of Political Ecology
2481:
European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE)
2358:
examines social class, production, labor, race, gender and sex.
6799:
1679:
coinciding with the publication of an influential textbook by
1572:
4828:
3552:, December, 17, pp. 115–136, reprinted in Williamson (1996),
3443:(1974). "The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society,"
3709:
Principled Agents?: The Political Economy of Good Government
2574:
The American Political Economy: Politics, Markets, and Power
4989:
David, F., "Utopia and the Critique of Political Economy."
3755:
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
1976:
and political institutions concerning interactions between
5040:
Interactions in Political Economy: Malvern After Ten Years
4278: • Gleeson, Brendan, and Nicholas Low (1998).
1626:
Political economy originated within 16th century western
5135:
1802-1876, a writer on political economy, some books at
3422:
Rose, N. L. (2001). "Regulation, Political Economy of,"
1656:, although they were preceded by the work of the French
1611:. Political economy in its modern form is considered an
4963:
Institutional Economics: Its Place in Political Economy
3476: • Rose-Ackerman, Susan (2008). "bribery,"
2326:
export of prestige goods, or evidence for food storage.
4107:
Transition and Economics: Politics, Markets, and Firms
2004:, financial markets and regulation, the importance of
3599:• Drazen, Allan (2008). "Political business cycles,"
2857:
Mark Robbins (2016) "Why we need political economy,"
2755:
Weingast, Barry R.; Wittman, Donald A. (2011-07-07).
5123:
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy
4134:
The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization
2991:Weingast, Barry R., and Donald Wittman, ed., 2008.
7212:
7196:
6943:
6669:
6400:
6365:
6357:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
6344:
6318:
6292:
6261:
6252:
6195:
6103:
6007:
5905:
5893:
5727:
5661:
5594:
5585:
5547:
5442:
5404:
5179:
4539:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 3–6.
4311:
Rational Ecology: Environment and Political Economy
3238:, sect. 2, The Social Decision Process, pp. 106–08.
3745:Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics
27:. For the effects of politics on the economy, see
6378:Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
3460:• Bose, Niloy. "corruption and economic growth,"
6326:Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia
6310:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
4262: • Banzhaf, H. Spencer, ed. (2012).
4497:Persson, Torsten, and Guido Tabellini (2003).
4432:Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy
4089:(2002), "The Political Economy of Transition,"
3462:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online
3388:Alt, James E.; Shepsle, Kenneth (eds.) (1990),
2516:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1793:was appointed a Political Economy chair at the
4727:Research Handbook on Political Economy and Law
4631:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
4264:The Political Economy of Environmental Justice
3290:A Game-Theoretic Approach to Political Economy
2365:relationships embedded in these relationships.
6624:
5985:
5157:
5048:, Swinnen, Johan, and Zusman, Pinhas (2011).
2122:The Review of International Political Economy
1510:
906:
16:Study of the development of social production
8:
4670:"Law and the Political Economy of the World"
3123:and ch. 1, " The New Global Economic Order"
2675:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2576:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 4–5,
2301:
2119:. They are also associated with the journal
6305:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
4501:, Munich Lectures in Economics. MIT Press.
3743:(1986). "The New Institutional Economics,"
2845:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
2506:Important publications in political economy
6631:
6617:
6609:
6258:
5992:
5978:
5970:
5591:
5164:
5150:
5142:
3390:Perspectives on Positive Political Economy
3347:Perspectives on Positive Political Economy
3040:, drilled to at each economic-system link.
2936:Bertholet, Auguste; Kapossy, Béla (2023).
2842:). "'political economy' and 'economics'",
2679:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2411:International Journal of Political Economy
1828:Political economy most commonly refers to
1789:was the first tenured professor. In 1763,
1517:
1503:
924:
913:
899:
33:
4945:. Monthly Review Press, New York. Review
4911:
4647:Review of International Political Economy
4608:
4341: • Boyce, James K. (2002).
6388:West African Economic and Monetary Union
4343:The Political Economy of the Environment
4040:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3725:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3651:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3602:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3478:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3249:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3202:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3137:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3064:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3047:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
2993:The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy
2761:The Oxford Handbook of Political Science
1957:
1883:, which studies the economic impacts of
1816:
1636:and "economy" signifying the Greek word
4266:Stanford U.P. Description and contents
2968:Political Economy, Athabasca University
2769:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.013.0038
2557:
2417:Journal of Australian Political Economy
935:
45:
6300:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
6120:UN Conference on Trade and Development
5286:Measures of national income and output
4624:
2668:
2643:Mill, John Stuart, 1806–1873. (2009).
1969:A rather recent focus has been put on
6065:Import substitution industrialization
5025:O'Hara, Phillip Anthony, ed. (1999).
4499:The Economic Effects Of Constitutions
3623:Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
3585:European Journal of Political Economy
3537:European Journal of Political Economy
2398:European Journal of Political Economy
2073:The Free Economy and the Strong State
7:
7262:
6593:
6319:Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia
5050:Political Power and Economic Policy.
4750:Capital in the Twenty-First Century,
4132: • Manor, James (1999).
2692:
2690:
2612:An Introduction to Political Economy
2563:
2561:
1671:In the late 19th century, the term "
6279:Central American Integration System
4677:Leiden Journal of International Law
4195:Political Economy in Macroeconomics
3224:Social Choice and Individual Values
2531:Political economy of climate change
2471:Economic study of collective action
2081:The Political Economy of New Labour
1615:field, drawing on theory from both
4882:Journal of Archaeological Research
4706:from the original on March 4, 2016
3961:Annual Review of Political Science
3280:Handbook of Mathematical Economics
1943:models of electoral outcomes, the
1824:, international relations theorist
1538:Discours sur l'oeconomie politique
14:
6142:International Chamber of Commerce
6045:Export-oriented industrialization
5027:Encyclopedia of Political Economy
4016:American Political Science Review
2526:Political economy in anthropology
2032:in explaining economic outcomes,
1965:, international relations scholar
1753:Leading on from this, the French
1385:Biology and political orientation
7285:
7274:
7261:
7250:
7249:
6592:
6583:
6582:
5956:
5955:
4476:Journal of Comparative Economics
4460:Incentives and Political Economy
4235:, and Christine Oughton (2011).
4091:Journal of Economic Perspectives
3363:Game Theory and Political Theory
2698:"political economy | Britannica"
2378:Constitutional Political Economy
2075:(Palgrave Macmillan, 1988), and
1779:University of Naples Federico II
1486:
880:
868:
53:
7204:List of social science journals
4943:The Political Economy of Growth
4839:from the original on 2019-03-06
4810:from the original on 2022-08-16
4781:from the original on 2019-03-06
4597:Review of International Studies
4060:The Polítical Economy of Reform
3788:. Cambridge University Press.
2974:from the original on 2022-02-07
2942:(in French). Geneva: Slatkine.
2818:The Theory of Political Economy
2775:from the original on 2022-05-15
2757:"Overview Of Political Economy"
2737:from the original on 2015-06-15
2708:from the original on 2019-12-14
2614:. University of Toronto Press.
2590:from the original on 2022-05-03
2091:International political economy
1881:international political economy
1591:, as well as phenomena such as
155:Concepts, theory and techniques
21:International political economy
7161:Science and technology studies
6383:Southern African Customs Union
5919:Publications in macroeconomics
5029:, 2 v. Routledge. 2003 review
4833:The Political Economy UK Group
4159:(2007:3) "Political Economy,"
4058:, and Mariano Tommasi (1998).
3915:Quarterly Journal of Economics
3505:Quarterly Journal of Economics
3175:JEL Classification Codes Guide
3173:with context for its usage in
3091:JEL Classification Codes Guide
3031:JEL Classification Codes Guide
1867:Journal of Economic Literature
1724:Traité de l'economie politique
1380:Theories of political behavior
1006:Political history of the world
1:
7329:Critique of political economy
5899:Critique of political economy
4366:Political Economy of Fairness
4105: • _____ (2000).
3753: • _____ (1990).
3361: • _____ (1986).
3313: • _____ (1999).
3288: • _____ (1984).
2907:10.1080/01916599.2020.1763745
2461:Critique of political economy
2339:"spatialities" of capitalism.
2233:by professors Tony Payne and
2052:, theoretical and empirical.
1785:. The Neapolitan philosopher
1395:Critique of political economy
6540:Telecommunications equipment
6345:Middle East and North Africa
6336:European Union Customs Union
5090:Resources in other libraries
4174:. Abstract-linked-footnotes
3554:The Mechanisms of Governance
3521:Journal of Political Economy
2964:"What is Political Economy?"
2939:La Physiocratie et la Suisse
2446:Studies in Political Economy
2164:. Such approaches expand on
1994:comparative economic systems
976:Outline of political science
7319:Schools of economic thought
6269:Andean Community of Nations
6147:Bilateral investment treaty
6115:International Monetary Fund
5102:(U.S.) "Political Economy"
5059:Cambridge University Press.
5052:Cambridge University Press.
4649:, Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2007.
4364:• Zajac, Edward E. (1996).
4313:, Blackburn Press. B&N
3556:, Oxford University Press,
2405:Latin American Perspectives
2231:The University of Sheffield
1907:assumptions, especially in
1864:—influence each other. The
1749:Classical Economic thought.
7345:
6135:International Trade Centre
5647:New neoclassical synthesis
5630:Real business-cycle theory
4535:Mayer, Charles S. (1987).
3938:World Bank Economic Review
3898:World Bank Economic Review
3278:and M. Intriligator, ed.,
2259:London School of Economics
2201:) and intellectuals (e.g.
2104:International Organization
1890:Public choice theory is a
1803:East India Company College
1666:Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot
1638:
1567:) and their governance by
981:Index of politics articles
18:
7245:
6646:
6578:
6410:Aircraft & Spacecraft
6055:Foreign exchange reserves
5953:
5129:(1712-1780), two volumes.
5085:Resources in your library
4725:Haskell, John D. (2015).
4689:10.1017/S0922156512000635
4610:10.1017/S0260210599005318
4570:cf: Baker, David (2006).
3539:, 10(1), pp. 61–84.
2895:History of European Ideas
2839:Groenwegen, Peter. (1987
2801:Marshall, Alfred. (1890)
2792:Steiner (2003), pp. 61–62
2511:Marxian political economy
1949:central-bank independence
1945:political business cycles
1830:interdisciplinary studies
6130:World Trade Organization
5652:Saltwater and freshwater
5117:"Politics and economics"
5016:American Economic Review
4800:"Why Political Economy?"
4753:Harvard University Press
3821:American Economic Review
3575:American Economic Review
3445:American Economic Review
3428:, pp. 12967–12970.
3200:2008). "public choice,"
3184:, drilled to at JEL: D7.
2476:Constitutional economics
2384:Economics & Politics
2133:; two major figures are
143:JEL classification codes
6849:international relations
6331:Eurasian Economic Union
6219:Repeal of the Corn Laws
5576:International economics
5501:Overlapping generations
5005:Leroux, Robert (2011),
4862:Encyclopedia Britannica
4668:Kennedy, David (2013).
4613:(inactive 2024-08-27).
3649:(2008). "public debt,"
3317:, v. 1, Edward Elgar.
3282:, Elsevier, v. 1, pp.
2804:Principles of Economics
2491:Institutional economics
2168:scholarship related to
1901:social welfare function
1885:international relations
1720:Antoine de Montchrétien
1390:Political organisations
1153:International relations
991:Politics by subdivision
329:Industrial organization
186:Computational economics
7176:Quantum social science
6373:East African Community
6254:Regional organizations
5944:Mathematical economics
5680:Modern monetary theory
5433:Universal basic income
5055:Winch, Donald (1996).
4193:Drazen, Allan (2000).
4056:Sturzenegger, Federico
2302:
1986:political institutions
1966:
1825:
1685:William Stanley Jevons
1541:
181:Experimental economics
7213:Other categorizations
7066:International studies
7051:History of technology
6986:Communication studies
6869:public administration
6214:The Wealth of Nations
6172:Special economic zone
6035:Comparative advantage
5774:Wesley Clair Mitchell
5749:Thomas Robert Malthus
5571:Development economics
4896:"Ecology for bankers"
4585:, 11(2), pp. 227–250.
4583:New Political Economy
4456:Laffont, Jean-Jacques
3550:Greek Economic Review
3546:Williamson, Oliver E.
3464:, 2nd Edition, 2010.
2848:, v. 3, pp. 905–906.
2431:New Political Economy
2251:King's College London
2224:King's College London
2217:2008 financial crisis
2095:University of Warwick
2085:New Political Economy
2060:New political economy
1961:
1820:
1791:Joseph von Sonnenfels
1710:(meaning "home") and
1677:mathematical modeling
1534:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1532:
1470:Political campaigning
1210:Public administration
1043:Collective leadership
7046:Historical sociology
6234:Economic nationalism
6152:Economic integration
5496:Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
5335:Liquidity preference
5011:, London, Routledge.
4996:Komls, John (2023).
4442:and chapter-preview
4434:, MIT Press. Review
4379:and chapter-preview
4208:& ch. 1-preview
4073:and chapter-preview
3861:and chapter-preview
3619:Nordhaus, William D.
3339:, Political Economy.
2816:Jevons, W. Stanley.
2182:Immanuel Wallerstein
2113:Peter J. Katzenstein
2044:and the relation of
2034:macroeconomic policy
2018:transition economies
1869:classification codes
1795:University of Vienna
1694:classical liberalism
1320:Separation of powers
1191:Political psychology
1166:Comparative politics
1144:political scientists
1131:Academic disciplines
1011:Political philosophy
408:Social choice theory
25:Public choice theory
7226:Geisteswissenschaft
7220:Behavioral sciences
7146:Political sociology
7061:Information science
7006:Development studies
6490:Integrated circuits
6274:Caribbean Community
6070:Net capital outflow
6020:Balance of payments
6001:International trade
5914:Macroeconomic model
5779:John Maynard Keynes
5561:Economic statistics
5506:General equilibrium
4858:"political economy"
4327:Economy and Society
4157:Alesina, Alberto F.
3683:Written at Moscow.
2266:Related disciplines
1917:economic regulation
1873:resource allocation
1689:Google Ngram Viewer
1493:Politics portal
1342:Election commission
1313:Government branches
1196:Political sociology
1048:Confessional system
986:Politics by country
875:Business portal
196:Operations research
176:National accounting
7281:Society portal
6768:auxiliary sciences
6402:Exports by product
6352:Arab Customs Union
6015:Absolute advantage
5854:Edward C. Prescott
5566:Monetary economics
4983:2023-04-12 at the
4972:2011-05-10 at the
4952:2015-05-01 at the
4577:2011-06-23 at the
4557:2023-04-30 at the
4546:2013-03-09 at the
4519:2023-04-12 at the
4508:2013-01-15 at the
4485:2012-03-04 at the
4469:2013-05-10 at the
4449:2023-04-12 at the
4410:2023-04-12 at the
4399:2023-04-30 at the
4375:2014-03-06 at the
4352:2013-05-22 at the
4336:2017-11-12 at the
4320:2013-05-17 at the
4300:2023-04-12 at the
4289:2013-05-10 at the
4273:2013-01-19 at the
4257:2013-07-23 at the
4246:2013-06-23 at the
4215:2010-12-07 at the
4204:2010-10-22 at the
4181:2017-02-06 at the
4170:2011-06-11 at the
4136:, The World Bank.
4127:2023-04-12 at the
4116:2018-04-16 at the
4100:2021-05-01 at the
4069:2012-10-11 at the
4049:2013-05-22 at the
4025:2012-05-27 at the
3999:2019-10-31 at the
3970:2023-04-12 at the
3963:, 7, pp. 247–272.
3947:2011-11-17 at the
3924:2012-04-01 at the
3879:2018-12-15 at the
3868:2023-04-30 at the
3857:2017-11-17 at the
3830:2013-11-05 at the
3806:2023-04-12 at the
3795:2013-03-09 at the
3775:2023-04-30 at the
3764:2013-03-09 at the
3741:North, Douglass C.
3734:2013-05-22 at the
3718:2013-05-10 at the
3660:2013-05-22 at the
3647:Buchanan, James M.
3632:2020-04-01 at the
3612:2010-12-29 at the
3563:2023-04-12 at the
3530:2013-05-10 at the
3514:2011-05-11 at the
3487:2013-05-22 at the
3471:2010-12-29 at the
3410:2023-04-12 at the
3399:2013-03-09 at the
3372:2013-03-09 at the
3356:2023-04-12 at the
3343:Peter C. Ordeshook
3335:2023-04-30 at the
3324:2012-05-24 at the
3303:2011-06-29 at the
3258:2013-05-22 at the
3234:2013-07-01 at the
3211:2018-01-07 at the
3180:2013-11-18 at the
3169:2017-11-05 at the
3146:2013-05-22 at the
3130:2013-03-09 at the
3119:2013-01-22 at the
3096:2013-11-18 at the
3073:2013-05-22 at the
3057:2013-05-28 at the
3036:2013-11-18 at the
3013:2023-04-30 at the
3002:2013-01-25 at the
2867:2019-04-02 at the
2827:2023-04-12 at the
2731:www.britannica.com
2702:www.britannica.com
2466:Economic sociology
2255:Warwick University
2178:André Gunder Frank
1967:
1913:government failure
1899:from some kind of
1826:
1813:Current approaches
1716:économie politique
1683:in 1890. Earlier,
1565:national economies
1542:
1176:Political analysis
1108:Semi-parliamentary
206:Industrial complex
201:Middle income trap
7314:Political economy
7301:
7300:
7141:Political economy
7136:Political ecology
6991:Community studies
6981:Cognitive science
6944:Interdisciplinary
6844:Political science
6606:
6605:
6396:
6395:
6366:Subsaharan Africa
6197:Political economy
5967:
5966:
5940:Political economy
5884:N. Gregory Mankiw
5874:Thomas J. Sargent
5723:
5722:
5714:Market monetarism
5518:Endogenous growth
5347:National accounts
5137:Project Gutenberg
5133:Harriet Martineau
5076:Political economy
5071:Library resources
4906:(7181): 893–895.
4386:Thurow, Lester C.
3349:, Cambridge, pp.
3219:Arrow, Kenneth J.
3089:as drilled to in
2881:The Capital Order
2583:978-1-316-51636-2
2521:Political ecology
2486:Economic ideology
2207:international law
1990:transaction costs
1929:market protection
1875:for each type of
1842:political science
1617:political science
1613:interdisciplinary
1589:financial markets
1549:political science
1545:Political economy
1527:
1526:
1475:Political parties
1415:Electoral systems
1139:Political science
1113:Semi-presidential
1025:Political systems
1001:Political history
996:Political economy
923:
922:
7336:
7324:Economic systems
7289:
7279:
7278:
7265:
7264:
7253:
7252:
7156:Regional science
7001:Cultural studies
6976:Business studies
6633:
6626:
6619:
6610:
6596:
6595:
6586:
6585:
6259:
6125:World Bank Group
6025:Balance of trade
5994:
5987:
5980:
5971:
5959:
5958:
5864:William Nordhaus
5849:Robert Lucas Jr.
5739:François Quesnay
5592:
5359:Nominal rigidity
5330:Demand for money
5308:Microfoundations
5244:Financial crisis
5224:Effective demand
5194:Aggregate supply
5189:Aggregate demand
5166:
5159:
5152:
5143:
5036:Pressman, Steven
4959:Commons, John R.
4926:
4925:
4915:
4891:
4885:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4854:
4848:
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4815:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4771:
4765:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4729:. Edward Elgar.
4722:
4716:
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4711:
4705:
4674:
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4527:
4495:
4489:
4424:Persson, Torsten
4420:
4414:
4384: •
4362:
4356:
4345:, Edward Elgar.
4231:• Dietz, Simon,
4229:
4223:
4191:
4185:
4154:
4148:
4083:
4077:
4036:
4030:
4009:
4003:
3991:
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3911:
3905:
3890:
3884:
3841:
3835:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3680:
3674:
3667:IMF Staff Papers
3643:
3637:
3597:
3591:
3497:
3491:
3458:
3452:
3441:Krueger, Anne O.
3438:
3432:
3420:
3414:
3386:
3380:
3328:and contents of
3268:
3262:
3245:
3239:
3191:
3185:
3156:
3150:
3083:
3077:
3066:, 2nd Edition.
3023:
3017:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
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2933:
2927:
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2890:
2884:
2877:
2871:
2855:
2849:
2837:
2831:
2820:, 1879, 2nd ed.
2814:
2808:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2784:
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2781:
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2674:
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2640:
2634:
2633:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2565:
2356:Cultural studies
2307:
2174:underdevelopment
2158:economic capital
2064:Charles S. Maier
1931:, institutional
1892:microfoundations
1787:Antonio Genovesi
1763:John Stuart Mill
1664:(1694–1774) and
1662:François Quesnay
1642:
1628:moral philosophy
1621:modern economics
1519:
1512:
1505:
1491:
1490:
1281:
1226:
1181:Political theory
1171:Election science
1161:
1147:
925:
915:
908:
901:
887:Money portal
885:
884:
883:
873:
872:
369:Natural resource
161:Economic systems
57:
34:
7344:
7343:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7333:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7297:
7273:
7241:
7208:
7192:
7166:Science studies
6950:Administration
6939:
6665:
6642:
6640:Social sciences
6637:
6607:
6602:
6574:
6520:Pharmaceuticals
6392:
6361:
6340:
6314:
6288:
6248:
6244:Dedollarisation
6191:
6177:Trade agreement
6167:Free-trade zone
6108:
6106:
6099:
6040:Current account
6030:Capital account
6003:
5998:
5968:
5963:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5901:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5869:Joseph Stiglitz
5829:Milton Friedman
5809:Friedrich Hayek
5730:macroeconomists
5719:
5718:
5717:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5528:Mundell–Fleming
5523:Matching theory
5461:Keynesian cross
5438:
5437:
5436:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5175:
5170:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5062:
5046:Rausser, Gordon
5042:Routledge, 1996
4985:Wayback Machine
4974:Wayback Machine
4954:Wayback Machine
4934:
4929:
4913:10.1038/451893a
4893:
4892:
4888:
4884:, 4(3):203–239.
4879:
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4709:
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4657:
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4640:
4623:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4579:Wayback Machine
4569:
4565:
4559:Wayback Machine
4550:and scrollable
4548:Wayback Machine
4534:
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4521:Wayback Machine
4510:Wayback Machine
4496:
4492:
4487:Wayback Machine
4473:
4471:Wayback Machine
4454: •
4453:
4451:Wayback Machine
4428:Guido Tabellini
4421:
4417:
4412:Wayback Machine
4401:Wayback Machine
4383:
4377:Wayback Machine
4363:
4359:
4354:Wayback Machine
4340:
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4324:
4322:Wayback Machine
4305: •
4304:
4302:Wayback Machine
4291:Wayback Machine
4277:
4275:Wayback Machine
4261:
4259:Wayback Machine
4248:Wayback Machine
4233:Jonathan Michie
4230:
4226:
4217:Wayback Machine
4206:Wayback Machine
4192:
4188:
4183:Wayback Machine
4172:Wayback Machine
4155:
4151:
4131:
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4118:Wayback Machine
4104:
4102:Wayback Machine
4084:
4080:
4071:Wayback Machine
4054: •
4053:
4051:Wayback Machine
4042:, 2nd Edition.
4037:
4033:
4027:Wayback Machine
4012:Acemoglu, Daron
4010:
4006:
4001:Wayback Machine
3992:
3988:
3981:
3977:
3972:Wayback Machine
3958:
3954:
3949:Wayback Machine
3935:
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3926:Wayback Machine
3917:, 112(4), pp.
3912:
3908:
3892:Beck, Thorsten
3891:
3887:
3881:Wayback Machine
3872:Review-excerpt
3870:Wayback Machine
3859:Wayback Machine
3842:
3838:
3832:Wayback Machine
3818:
3808:Wayback Machine
3797:Wayback Machine
3780: •
3779:
3777:Wayback Machine
3766:Wayback Machine
3752:
3739: •
3738:
3736:Wayback Machine
3727:, 2nd Edition.
3722:
3720:Wayback Machine
3705:Timothy, Besley
3702:
3698:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3664:
3662:Wayback Machine
3653:, 2nd Edition.
3644:
3640:
3634:Wayback Machine
3617: •
3616:
3614:Wayback Machine
3605:, 2nd Edition.
3598:
3594:
3582:
3569: •
3568:
3567:, pp. 195–218.
3565:Wayback Machine
3544: •
3543:
3534:
3532:Wayback Machine
3518:
3516:Wayback Machine
3501:Becker, Gary S.
3498:
3494:
3489:Wayback Machine
3480:, 2nd Edition.
3475:
3473:Wayback Machine
3459:
3455:
3439:
3435:
3421:
3417:
3412:Wayback Machine
3401:Wayback Machine
3387:
3383:
3374:Wayback Machine
3360:
3358:Wayback Machine
3341: •
3340:
3337:Wayback Machine
3326:Wayback Machine
3312:
3305:Wayback Machine
3287:
3269:
3265:
3260:Wayback Machine
3251:, 2nd Edition.
3246:
3242:
3236:Wayback Machine
3217: •
3216:
3213:Wayback Machine
3195:Tullock, Gordon
3192:
3188:
3182:Wayback Machine
3171:Wayback Machine
3157:
3153:
3148:Wayback Machine
3139:, 2nd Edition.
3134:
3132:Wayback Machine
3121:Wayback Machine
3104: •
3103:
3101:
3098:Wayback Machine
3084:
3080:
3075:Wayback Machine
3061:
3059:Wayback Machine
3050:, 2nd Edition.
3043:
3041:
3038:Wayback Machine
3024:
3020:
3015:Wayback Machine
3004:Wayback Machine
2990:
2986:
2977:
2975:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2879:Mattei, Clara.
2878:
2874:
2869:Wayback Machine
2856:
2852:
2838:
2834:
2829:Wayback Machine
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2811:
2800:
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2711:
2709:
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2641:
2637:
2622:
2608:Bladen, Vincent
2606:
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2601:
2593:
2591:
2584:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2456:
2451:
2372:
2268:
2150:social networks
2146:economic values
2127:Antonio Gramsci
2117:Stephen Krasner
2050:economic policy
1998:economic growth
1974:economic policy
1905:rational-choice
1877:economic system
1846:economic system
1815:
1703:
1681:Alfred Marshall
1547:is a branch of
1523:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1315:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1300:Public interest
1285:Domestic policy
1275:
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1256:
1255:
1220:
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1201:
1200:
1162:
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1141:
1133:
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1123:
1122:
1028:
1027:
1016:
1015:
971:
970:
961:
930:Politics series
919:
881:
879:
867:
860:
859:
830:
820:
819:
818:
817:
581:von Böhm-Bawerk
469:
458:
457:
219:
211:
210:
166:Economic growth
156:
148:
147:
89:
87:classifications
32:
29:Economic policy
17:
12:
11:
5:
7342:
7340:
7332:
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7321:
7316:
7306:
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7299:
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7283:
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7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7109:social science
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7041:Global studies
7038:
7036:Gender studies
7033:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7019:social science
7015:Environmental
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
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6962:
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6888:
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6873:
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6807:
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6755:
6754:
6753:
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6738:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6714:macroeconomics
6711:
6709:microeconomics
6701:
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6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6673:
6671:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6638:
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6628:
6621:
6613:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6590:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6567:
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6557:
6552:
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6532:
6527:
6522:
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6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
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6472:
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6457:
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6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6415:Aircraft parts
6412:
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6127:
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6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
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6095:Trading nation
6092:
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6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6009:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5974:
5965:
5964:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5946:
5941:
5938:
5936:Microeconomics
5933:
5932:
5931:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5839:Lawrence Klein
5836:
5834:Paul Samuelson
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5789:Michał Kalecki
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5704:Disequilibrium
5701:
5700:
5699:
5692:Post-Keynesian
5689:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5659:
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5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
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5622:
5617:
5616:
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5610:
5600:
5599:
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5589:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:Related fields
5545:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5476:Phillips curve
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5430:
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5415:
5410:
5409:
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5406:
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5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5344:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5327:
5325:Money creation
5322:
5321:
5320:
5310:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5283:
5281:Liquidity trap
5278:
5273:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5199:Business cycle
5196:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:Basic concepts
5177:
5176:
5173:Macroeconomics
5171:
5169:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5130:
5120:
5119:article links.
5110:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:External links
5063:
5061:
5060:
5053:
5043:
5033:
5023:
5012:
5003:
4994:
4987:
4956:
4939:Baran, Paul A.
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4886:
4873:
4849:
4820:
4806:. 2012-11-05.
4791:
4766:
4762:978-0674430006
4742:
4736:978-1781005347
4735:
4717:
4660:
4651:
4638:
4603:(3): 531–535.
4587:
4563:
4528:
4490:
4415:
4368:, MIT Press
4357:
4307:John S. Dryzek
4224:
4197:, Princeton.
4186:
4149:
4087:Roland, Gérard
4078:
4062:, MIT Press.
4031:
4018:, 100(1), pp.
4004:
3986:
3975:
3952:
3929:
3906:
3885:
3844:Dixit, Avinash
3836:
3823:, 100(3), pp.
3782:Ostrom, Elinor
3747:, 142(1), pp.
3696:
3675:
3638:
3592:
3492:
3453:
3433:
3415:
3381:
3272:Shubik, Martin
3263:
3240:
3186:
3151:
3106:Gilpin, Robert
3078:
3018:
2984:
2955:
2948:
2928:
2885:
2872:
2859:Policy Options
2850:
2832:
2809:
2794:
2785:
2747:
2718:
2686:
2654:978-1116761184
2653:
2647:. Bibliolife.
2635:
2621:978-1442632103
2620:
2599:
2582:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2546:Socioeconomics
2543:
2541:Social capital
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
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2503:
2498:
2496:Land value tax
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2407:
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2394:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2362:Communications
2359:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2316:pseudo-Spanish
2309:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2238:
2227:
2220:
2213:Thomas Piketty
2210:
2195:legal realists
2191:
2185:
2176:postulated by
2142:
2135:Matthew Watson
2109:Robert Keohane
2088:
2020:, the role of
1937:distributional
1822:Robert Keohane
1814:
1811:
1805:, Haileybury,
1799:Thomas Malthus
1783:southern Italy
1702:
1699:
1668:(1727–1781).
1650:Thomas Malthus
1585:labour markets
1571:systems (e.g.
1559:systems (e.g.
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1482:
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1405:
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1398:
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1392:
1387:
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1377:
1364:
1358:
1355:Related topics
1354:
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1329:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
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1302:
1297:
1292:
1290:Foreign policy
1287:
1282:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:Policy studies
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1151:
1149:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
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1120:
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1095:
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1075:
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1023:
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1021:
1018:
1017:
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1008:
1003:
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993:
988:
983:
978:
972:
969:Primary topics
968:
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933:
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921:
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895:
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891:
890:
889:
877:
862:
861:
858:
857:
852:
842:
837:
831:
826:
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822:
821:
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815:
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803:
798:
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778:
773:
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753:
748:
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723:
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708:
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683:
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673:
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663:
658:
653:
648:
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628:
623:
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613:
608:
603:
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583:
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558:
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472:
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459:
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450:
445:
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435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
374:Organizational
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
220:
218:By application
217:
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212:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
157:
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125:
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111:
106:
101:
96:
90:
84:
83:
80:
79:
78:
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72:
67:
59:
58:
50:
49:
43:
42:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7341:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7294:
7293:
7288:
7284:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7248:
7247:
7244:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7232:Human science
7230:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7189:
7188:Vegan studies
7186:
7184:
7181:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7151:Public health
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7085:Philosophies
7084:
7082:
7081:Media studies
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7056:Human ecology
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7016:
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7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6966:Anthrozoology
6964:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6906:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6891:developmental
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6864:public policy
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6815:legal systems
6813:
6811:
6810:legal history
6808:
6806:
6805:jurisprudence
6803:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6641:
6634:
6629:
6627:
6622:
6620:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6599:
6591:
6589:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6525:Photovoltaics
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
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6458:
6456:
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6448:
6446:
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6441:
6438:
6436:
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6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6230:Protectionism
6228:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6182:Trade barrier
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6105:Organizations
6102:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6085:Trade justice
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6060:Globalization
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5995:
5990:
5988:
5983:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5962:
5952:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:Peter Diamond
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:Edmund Phelps
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5819:Richard Stone
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5804:Joan Robinson
5802:
5800:
5799:Simon Kuznets
5797:
5795:
5794:Gunnar Myrdal
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5769:Irving Fisher
5767:
5765:
5764:Knut Wicksell
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5625:New classical
5623:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:Shrinkflation
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5271:Interest rate
5269:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5228:Expectations
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5155:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5127:James Steuart
5124:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5104:working-paper
5101:
5098:
5097:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5064:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5018:, 97(4), pp.
5017:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4993:, 1 Jan. 2017
4992:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4965:, Macmillan.
4964:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4923:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4850:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4754:
4751:
4746:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4728:
4721:
4718:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:, and review
4522:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4478:, 31(4), pp.
4477:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4329:, 30(3), pp.
4328:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4282:, Routledge.
4281:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4239:, Routledge.
4238:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:, and review
4218:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4161:NBER Reporter
4158:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4142:9780821344705
4139:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4109:, MIT Press.
4108:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4093:, 16(1), pp.
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:,15(1), pp.
3899:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3850:. MIT Press.
3849:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3815:9780521405997
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:, 42(1), pp.
3668:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:, 18(1), pp.
3586:
3580:
3577:, 89(5), pp.
3576:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3523:, 89(4), pp.
3522:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3507:, 98(3), pp.
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3490:
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3398:
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3385:
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3379:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3365:, Cambridge.
3364:
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3207:
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3155:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3112:, Princeton.
3111:
3107:
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3082:
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3076:
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3069:
3065:
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3039:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2995:. Oxford UP.
2994:
2988:
2985:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2949:9782051029391
2945:
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2438:Public Choice
2435:
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2167:
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2159:
2155:
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2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:Robert W. Cox
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2099:Susan Strange
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:Andrew Gamble
2065:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:constitutions
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1964:
1963:Susan Strange
1960:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
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1874:
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1855:
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1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:drawing upon
1831:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1807:Hertfordshire
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:David Ricardo
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
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1746:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1728:Tunisian Arab
1725:
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1700:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1686:
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1678:
1674:
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1659:
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1654:David Ricardo
1651:
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1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:Civil society
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1273:Public policy
1271:
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1266:
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1119:
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1109:
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1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Parliamentary
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Hybrid regime
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
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813:
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629:
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569:
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529:
527:
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522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
476:de Mandeville
474:
473:
468:
462:
461:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
405:
404:Public choice
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
379:Participation
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:Institutional
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
289:Expeditionary
287:
285:
282:
280:
279:Environmental
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
215:
214:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
152:
151:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
115:
112:
110:
109:International
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:Branches and
82:
81:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
61:
60:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
40:
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7266:
7254:
7224:
7140:
7031:Food studies
6971:Area studies
6724:mathematical
6719:econometrics
6677:Anthropology
6500:Live animals
6480:Gas turbines
6293:Asia-Pacific
6225:Mercantilism
6212:
6196:
6107:and policies
5879:Paul Krugman
5824:Hyman Minsky
5784:Alvin Hansen
5556:Econometrics
5533:Overshooting
5486:Harrod–Domar
5481:Arrow–Debreu
5428:Central bank
5394:Unemployment
5384:Supply shock
5342:Money supply
5219:Disinflation
5214:Demand shock
5075:
5056:
5049:
5039:
5026:
5015:
5007:
4998:
4990:
4962:
4942:
4903:
4899:
4889:
4881:
4876:
4865:. Retrieved
4861:
4852:
4841:. Retrieved
4832:
4823:
4812:. Retrieved
4803:
4794:
4783:. Retrieved
4769:
4755:
4749:
4745:
4726:
4720:
4710:December 24,
4708:. Retrieved
4680:
4676:
4663:
4654:
4646:
4641:
4627:cite journal
4600:
4596:
4590:
4582:
4566:
4536:
4531:
4498:
4493:
4475:
4464:Description.
4459:
4431:
4418:
4392:, Penguin.
4389:
4365:
4360:
4347:Description.
4342:
4326:
4315:description.
4310:
4279:
4263:
4236:
4227:
4194:
4189:
4160:
4152:
4146:Description.
4133:
4106:
4090:
4081:
4059:
4039:
4034:
4015:
4007:
3989:
3978:
3960:
3955:
3940:, 8(3), pp.
3937:
3932:
3914:
3909:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3847:
3839:
3820:
3799:and preview
3785:
3754:
3744:
3724:
3713:Description.
3708:
3699:
3690:
3685:
3678:
3666:
3650:
3641:
3622:
3600:
3595:
3584:
3574:
3571:Krusell, Per
3553:
3549:
3536:
3520:
3504:
3495:
3477:
3461:
3456:
3444:
3436:
3423:
3418:
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3346:
3314:
3289:
3279:
3266:
3248:
3243:
3222:
3201:
3189:
3154:
3136:
3109:
3102:For example:
3081:
3063:
3045:
3042:For example:
3021:
2992:
2987:
2976:. Retrieved
2967:
2958:
2938:
2931:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2880:
2875:
2858:
2853:
2843:
2835:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2788:
2777:. Retrieved
2760:
2750:
2739:. Retrieved
2730:
2721:
2710:. Retrieved
2701:
2644:
2638:
2611:
2602:
2592:, retrieved
2573:
2536:Social model
2444:
2436:
2429:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2396:
2383:
2376:
2312:Anthropology
2269:
2203:John Commons
2131:Karl Polanyi
2120:
2102:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2054:
2010:backwardness
2006:institutions
1968:
1953:Lev Gatovsky
1925:rent-seeking
1889:
1866:
1827:
1771:Henry George
1752:
1742:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1670:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1597:distribution
1577:institutions
1544:
1543:
1537:
1223:street-level
1098:Presidential
1058:Dictatorship
995:
928:Part of the
845:Publications
810:
433:Sociological
406: /
304:Geographical
284:Evolutionary
259:Digitization
224:Agricultural
137:
128:Mathematical
99:Econometrics
7292:Wikiversity
7183:Social work
7071:Linguistics
6996:Criminology
6913:criminology
6896:personality
6854:comparative
6832:Linguistics
6825:private law
6682:archaeology
6505:Natural gas
6470:Electronics
6465:Electricity
6075:Outsourcing
6008:Terminology
5759:Léon Walras
5642:Supply-side
5471:Accelerator
5379:Stagflation
5364:Price level
5259:Demand-pull
4967:Description
4541:Description
4503:Description
4440:description
4394:Description
4370:Description
4284:Description
4241:Description
4199:Description
4111:Description
4064:Description
3852:Description
3790:Description
3759:Description
3625:, (2), pp.
3367:Description
3319:Description
3307:and review
3298:Description
3227:, 2nd ed.,
3114:Description
2997:Description
2501:Law of rent
2323:Archaeology
2304:Das Kapital
2199:Robert Hale
2170:development
2166:neo-Marxian
2097:professor,
2038:environment
2002:development
1941:forecasting
1909:game theory
1797:, Austria.
1755:physiocrats
1739:Ibn Khaldun
1735:Sociologist
1658:physiocrats
1362:Sovereignty
1327:Legislature
1230:Technocracy
1218:Bureaucracy
1083:Meritocracy
1063:Directorial
681:von Neumann
334:Information
274:Engineering
254:Development
249:Demographic
191:Game theory
133:Methodology
7308:Categories
7237:Humanities
7171:historical
7104:psychology
7076:Management
6918:demography
6876:Psychology
6859:philosophy
6820:public law
6751:integrated
6545:Telephones
6209:Adam Smith
6205:Free trade
6187:Trade bloc
6162:ATA Carnet
6050:Fair trade
5814:John Hicks
5744:Adam Smith
5697:Circuitism
5687:Ecological
5675:Chartalism
5620:Monetarism
5595:Mainstream
5491:Solow–Swan
5466:Multiplier
5423:Commercial
5318:Endogenous
5276:Investment
5002:Routledge.
4932:References
4867:2017-06-15
4843:2019-03-04
4814:2022-04-26
4785:2019-03-04
4561:Cambridge.
4462:, Oxford.
3919:1057–1090.
3711:, Oxford.
3447:, 64(3),
2978:2022-02-06
2779:2022-05-15
2741:2022-05-15
2712:2022-05-15
2630:1013947543
2594:2022-06-18
2330:Psychology
2281:Philosophy
2188:Historians
1933:corruption
1850:capitalist
1759:Adam Smith
1744:Muqaddimah
1660:, such as
1646:Adam Smith
1601:inequality
1581:government
1452:Governance
1442:Government
1437:Federalism
1038:City-state
840:Economists
711:Schumacher
616:Schumpeter
586:von Wieser
506:von Thünen
467:economists
443:Statistics
438:Solidarity
359:Managerial
324:Humanistic
319:Historical
264:Ecological
229:Behavioral
123:Mainstream
7115:Planning
7094:economics
7011:Education
6908:Sociology
6886:cognitive
6837:semiotics
6788:political
6746:technical
6731:Geography
6704:Economics
6440:Computers
6425:Car parts
6420:Aluminium
6157:Incoterms
6090:Trade war
5924:Economics
5754:Karl Marx
5662:Heterodox
5637:Stockholm
5603:Keynesian
5369:Recession
5264:Cost-push
5254:Inflation
5209:Deflation
5115:(Europe)
5113:VoxEU.org
5106:abstract
4961:(1934 ).
4947:extrract.
4697:153363066
4619:1469-9044
4044:Abstract.
3729:Abstract.
3655:Abstract.
3607:Abstract.
3541:Abstract.
3482:Abstract.
3466:Abstract.
3430:Abstract.
3294:MIT Press
3253:Abstract.
3141:Abstract.
3068:Abstract.
3052:Abstract.
2923:219747599
2915:0191-6599
2901:: 91–96.
2671:cite book
2663:663099414
2425:0156-5826
2392:0954-1985
2336:Geography
2319:cultures.
2298:Karl Marx
2293:Sociology
2287:Economics
2247:Cambridge
2235:Colin Hay
2077:Colin Hay
2026:ethnicity
1897:utilities
1858:communist
1854:socialist
1838:sociology
1834:economics
1775:Karl Marx
1731:Historian
1701:Etymology
1673:economics
1640:οἰκονομία
1609:economics
1569:political
1555:studying
1553:economics
1432:Unitarism
1420:Elections
1408:Subseries
1337:Judiciary
1332:Executive
1235:Adhocracy
1118:Theocracy
1073:Feudalism
1053:Democracy
756:Greenspan
721:Samuelson
701:Galbraith
671:Tinbergen
611:von Mises
606:Heckscher
566:Edgeworth
384:Personnel
344:Knowledge
309:Happiness
299:Financial
269:Education
244:Democracy
138:Political
104:Heterodox
47:Economics
7256:Category
7124:regional
7119:land use
6954:business
6923:internet
6881:abnormal
6783:military
6773:economic
6763:cultural
6736:physical
6697:physical
6687:cultural
6588:Category
6560:Vehicles
6550:Textiles
6495:Iron ore
6460:Diamonds
6284:Mercosur
6262:Americas
5961:Category
5906:See also
5894:Critique
5728:Notable
5670:Austrian
5418:Monetary
5405:Policies
5237:Rational
5232:Adaptive
4981:Archived
4978:preview.
4970:Archived
4950:Archived
4941:(1957).
4922:18288170
4837:Archived
4808:Archived
4779:Archived
4756:, 2014,
4701:Archived
4683:: 7–48.
4575:Archived
4555:Archived
4552:preview.
4544:Archived
4525:extract.
4517:Archived
4506:Archived
4483:Archived
4480:620–652.
4467:Archived
4458:(2000).
4447:Archived
4430:(2000).
4408:Archived
4405:preview.
4397:Archived
4388:(1980).
4373:Archived
4350:Archived
4334:Archived
4331:381–394.
4318:Archived
4309:, 2000.
4298:Archived
4295:preview.
4287:Archived
4271:Archived
4255:Archived
4252:preview.
4244:Archived
4221:extract.
4213:Archived
4202:Archived
4179:Archived
4176:version.
4168:Archived
4125:Archived
4122:preview.
4114:Archived
4098:Archived
4067:Archived
4047:Archived
4023:Archived
3997:Archived
3968:Archived
3945:Archived
3942:351–371.
3922:Archived
3877:Archived
3866:Archived
3855:Archived
3846:(1996).
3828:Archived
3804:Archived
3793:Archived
3784:(1990).
3773:Archived
3770:preview.
3762:Archived
3732:Archived
3716:Archived
3707:(2007).
3658:Archived
3630:Archived
3610:Archived
3561:Archived
3528:Archived
3525:642–664.
3512:Archived
3509:371–400.
3485:Archived
3469:Archived
3408:Archived
3405:preview.
3397:Archived
3378:preview.
3370:Archived
3354:Archived
3333:Archived
3322:Archived
3301:Archived
3276:K. Arrow
3256:Archived
3232:Archived
3229:ch. VIII
3221:(1963).
3209:Archived
3206:Abstract
3178:Archived
3167:Archived
3164:JEL: D74
3160:JEL: D72
3144:Archived
3128:Archived
3117:Archived
3108:(2001),
3094:Archived
3071:Archived
3055:Archived
3034:Archived
3011:Archived
3008:preview.
3000:Archived
2972:Archived
2865:Archived
2825:Archived
2773:Archived
2735:Archived
2706:Archived
2610:(2016).
2588:archived
2454:See also
2370:Journals
2275:Politics
2257:and the
2042:fairness
1982:economic
1971:modeling
1921:monopoly
1557:economic
1460:Ideology
1278:doctrine
1239:Service
1103:Republic
1088:Monarchy
1068:Federacy
957:Category
937:Politics
849:journals
835:Glossary
786:Stiglitz
751:Rothbard
731:Buchanan
716:Friedman
706:Koopmans
696:Leontief
676:Robinson
561:Marshall
465:Notable
413:Regional
389:Planning
364:Monetary
294:Feminist
239:Cultural
234:Business
39:a series
37:Part of
7268:Commons
7099:history
7089:science
7024:studies
6758:History
6670:Primary
6656:History
6651:Outline
6598:Commons
6475:Engines
6238:Autarky
5929:Applied
5709:Marxian
5587:Schools
4514:preview
4436:extract
4165:pp. 1–5
4020:115–131
3825:641–672
3309:extract
3087:JEL: F5
2822:p. xiv.
2349:Ecology
2343:History
2162:capital
2022:culture
1561:markets
1465:Culture
1375:Country
1033:Anarchy
947:Outline
855:Schools
847: (
806:Piketty
801:Krugman
666:Kuznets
656:Kalecki
631:Polanyi
521:Cournot
516:Bastiat
501:Ricardo
491:Malthus
481:Quesnay
453:Welfare
423:Service
94:Applied
70:Outline
65:History
6959:public
6901:social
6793:social
6692:social
6555:Trucks
6515:Petrol
6455:Cotton
6445:Copper
6435:Coffee
6080:Tariff
5443:Models
5413:Fiscal
5389:Saving
5249:Growth
5108:links.
5073:about
5031:links.
5022:–1406.
4920:
4900:Nature
4829:"Home"
4760:
4733:
4695:
4617:
4444:links.
4426:, and
4381:links.
4268:links.
4140:
4095:29–50.
4075:links.
3894:et al.
3863:links.
3813:
3801:links.
3581:–1181.
3449:p. 291
3330:Part I
3029:as in
3027:JEL: P
2946:
2921:
2913:
2883:, 2022
2661:
2651:
2628:
2618:
2580:
2423:
2390:
2243:Oxford
2197:(e.g.
2154:social
2036:, the
2030:gender
2014:reform
1978:agents
1879:; (2)
1652:, and
1633:polity
1603:, and
1593:growth
1579:, and
1540:, 1758
1425:voting
1367:Polity
1265:Policy
1244:Public
1158:theory
791:Thaler
771:Ostrom
766:Becker
761:Sowell
741:Baumol
646:Myrdal
641:Sraffa
636:Frisch
626:Knight
621:Keynes
596:Fisher
591:Veblen
576:Pareto
556:Menger
551:George
546:Jevons
541:Walras
531:Gossen
399:Public
394:Policy
349:Labour
314:Health
171:Market
7129:urban
6933:urban
6928:rural
6778:human
6741:human
6661:Index
6565:Wheat
6535:Steel
6530:Ships
5538:NAIRU
5456:AD–AS
5451:IS–LM
5313:Money
5125:, by
4804:SPERI
4704:(PDF)
4693:S2CID
4673:(PDF)
4250:and
4210:link.
3904:–176.
3751:–237.
3689:[
3589:1–29.
3558:ch. 8
3451:–303.
3394:links
3351:9–30.
3286:-330.
3125:link.
2919:S2CID
2553:Notes
1862:mixed
1860:, or
1712:nomos
1708:oikos
1605:trade
1448:forms
1371:State
1248:Civil
952:Index
828:Lists
796:Hoppe
781:Lucas
746:Solow
736:Arrow
726:Simon
691:Lange
686:Hicks
661:Röpke
651:Hayek
601:Pigou
571:Clark
486:Smith
448:Urban
428:Socio
418:Rural
118:Macro
114:Micro
75:Index
7197:List
6570:Wine
6485:Gold
6450:Corn
6430:Coal
5608:Neo-
5511:DSGE
5204:CAGR
5100:NBER
5020:1374
4976:and
4918:PMID
4758:ISBN
4731:ISBN
4712:2015
4633:link
4615:ISSN
4512:and
4403:and
4293:and
4138:ISBN
4120:and
3965:PDF.
3874:link
3811:ISBN
3768:and
3673:–31.
3636:–68.
3579:1156
3403:and
3376:and
3162:and
3006:and
2944:ISBN
2911:ISSN
2681:link
2677:link
2659:OCLC
2649:ISBN
2626:OCLC
2616:ISBN
2578:ISBN
2421:ISSN
2388:ISSN
2180:and
2172:and
2156:and
2137:and
2129:and
2115:and
2028:and
2016:and
1984:and
1980:and
1935:and
1840:and
1773:and
1733:and
1619:and
1587:and
1563:and
1551:and
812:more
536:Marx
526:Mill
511:List
6800:Law
6510:Oil
5613:New
5352:SNA
5301:NNI
5296:GNI
5291:GDP
4908:doi
4904:451
4685:doi
4605:doi
3902:165
3749:230
3284:285
3158:At
3085:At
3025:At
2903:doi
2765:doi
2079:'s
2071:'s
2048:to
1781:in
1573:law
776:Sen
496:Say
354:Law
7310::
6236:,
6217:,
6211:,
5038:,
4916:.
4902:.
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