439:
25:
338:
of the Champa
Kingdom. Inscriptions often contain information about religious rituals, temple dedications, and the deeds of rulers. Sanskrit, as well as Old Cham, was used in religious texts and inscriptions. In addition, the names of Champa principalities such as:
383:
While the Old Cham language is not commonly spoken in its original form today, elements of it have survived in the contemporary Cham language, which is still spoken by Cham communities in
307:. These inscriptions provide valuable insights into the history, religion, and society of the Champa people. Some of the inscriptions are written in the Cham script, and others are in
375:, the use of the Old Cham language declined. The language underwent changes and adaptations, and the Cham people became increasingly influenced by the dominant culture of the region.
499:
480:
391:. Efforts are made to preserve and revitalize the Cham language, and the Cham script is still used for certain ceremonial and religious purposes.
509:
473:
108:
504:
466:
46:
408:
291:, which was used for inscriptions on temple walls, steles, and other surfaces. This script is descended from the ancient
89:
173:
61:
344:
295:
and is one of the distinguishing features of Cham culture. It has been used for religious and ceremonial purposes.
438:
35:
272:
178:
42:
68:
303:
Many Old Cham inscriptions have been found on archaeological sites in the areas that were once part of the
446:
168:
75:
268:
372:
57:
356:
340:
335:
211:
450:
184:
348:
292:
235:
160:
371:
As the Champa kingdom faced external pressures and eventual annexation by the expanding
304:
228:
82:
493:
360:
264:
323:
216:
288:
24:
248:
255:
384:
352:
331:
308:
388:
143:
132:
327:
16:
Ancient writing of Champa kingdom greatly influenced by
Sanskrit
18:
454:
287:The Cham people had their own script, known as the
246:
241:
225:
204:
157:
149:
138:
128:
123:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
326:languages, however under cultural influence from
334:. Old Cham was closely tied to the cultural and
474:
409:"Tấm bia chữ Sanskrit sớm nhất tại Quảng Nam"
8:
481:
467:
120:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
500:Languages attested from the 4th century
400:
267:has the oldest literary history of any
279:, dates from the late 4th century AD.
7:
435:
433:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
453:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
437:
23:
330:, it was greatly influenced by
34:needs additional citations for
1:
510:Austronesian language stubs
153:4th century–15th century AD
526:
432:
363:words of Sanskrit origin.
273:Dong Yen Chau inscription
505:Austronesian languages
449:-related article is a
447:Austronesian languages
367:Transition and Decline
315:Cultural and Religious
269:Austronesian language
43:improve this article
336:religious practices
212:Proto-Austronesian
462:
461:
262:
261:
174:Malayo-Polynesian
119:
118:
111:
93:
517:
483:
476:
469:
441:
434:
424:
423:
421:
420:
405:
373:Vietnamese state
322:originated from
258:
251:
231:
163:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
525:
524:
520:
519:
518:
516:
515:
514:
490:
489:
488:
487:
430:
428:
427:
418:
416:
415:(in Vietnamese)
407:
406:
402:
397:
381:
369:
317:
301:
285:
254:
247:
236:Southern Brahmi
232:
227:
221:
207:
200:
179:Malayo-Sumbawan
164:
161:Language family
159:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
523:
521:
513:
512:
507:
502:
492:
491:
486:
485:
478:
471:
463:
460:
459:
442:
426:
425:
413:baoquangnam.vn
399:
398:
396:
393:
380:
377:
368:
365:
316:
313:
305:Champa kingdom
300:
297:
284:
281:
260:
259:
252:
244:
243:
242:Language codes
239:
238:
233:
229:Writing system
226:
223:
222:
220:
219:
210:
208:
205:
202:
201:
199:
198:
197:
196:
195:
194:
193:
192:
167:
165:
158:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
140:
136:
135:
130:
129:Native to
126:
125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
522:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
495:
484:
479:
477:
472:
470:
465:
464:
458:
456:
452:
448:
443:
440:
436:
431:
414:
410:
404:
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
378:
376:
374:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
314:
312:
310:
306:
298:
296:
294:
293:Indic scripts
290:
282:
280:
278:
275:, written in
274:
270:
266:
257:
253:
250:
245:
240:
237:
234:
230:
224:
218:
215:
214:
213:
209:
203:
191:
188:
187:
186:
183:
182:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
170:
166:
162:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
455:expanding it
444:
429:
417:. Retrieved
412:
403:
382:
379:Modern Times
370:
324:Proto-Chamic
319:
318:
302:
299:Inscriptions
286:
276:
263:
217:Proto-Chamic
189:
169:Austronesian
105:
99:January 2024
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
289:Cham script
283:Cham Script
206:Early forms
494:Categories
419:2023-12-25
395:References
357:Panduranga
69:newspapers
58:"Old Cham"
345:Amaravati
341:Indrapura
249:ISO 639-3
385:Cambodia
353:Kauthara
332:Sanskrit
320:Old Cham
309:Sanskrit
277:Old Cham
190:Old Cham
142:Central
124:Old Cham
389:Vietnam
144:Vietnam
83:scholar
349:Vijaya
271:. The
185:Chamic
139:Region
133:Champa
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
445:This
328:India
90:JSTOR
76:books
451:stub
387:and
361:Cham
359:are
265:Cham
62:news
256:ocm
181:(?)
150:Era
45:by
496::
411:.
355:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
311:.
482:e
475:t
468:v
457:.
422:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
