95:
713:
Being a
Treatise Written by Sir John Fortescue, Kt. Lord Chief Justice, and Lord High Chancellor of England, under King Henry VI. Faithfully Transcribed from the MS. Copy in the Bodleian Library, and Collated with Three Other MSS. Publish'd with some Remarks by John Fortescue-Aland, of the
549:, and with it the reintroduction of the Latin alphabet to Britain, where it was used to write English for the first time. The earliest attested instances of Old English being written using the Latin script were in Anglo-Saxon law codes, including one drawn up in 616 on behalf of King
103:
94:
91:
differ in how they arrange the non-standard Old
English letters (Harley has Ƿ–ЖƖÞ, Stowe has Ƿ–ЖÞ, Titus has Ƿ–Þ–Ð), but all three manuscripts place them after the standard Latin letters.
684:
109:
The first column ("Figure") of the table shows the letters of the Old
English Latin alphabet, and the second column ("Power") their modern equivalents.
546:
736:
769:
688:
806:
565:, a cursive and pointed version of the half-uncial script. This was used until the end of the 12th century when continental
658:
over vowels were used, though rarely, to indicate long vowels. A macron was also used occasionally as a nasal indicator.
789:
680:
The
Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy: As it More Particularly Regards the English Constitution
839:
558:
696:
674:
99:
76:
608:
566:
79:
manuscript, though in this period W was still a ligature and not a full-fledged letter. The manuscripts
550:
844:
692:
652:
765:
761:
732:
704:
542:
538:
40:
635:
631:
72:
27:
from the 8th to the 12th centuries. Of these letters, most were directly adopted from the
627:
594:
574:
562:
59:
were essentially left unused outside of foreign names from Latin and Greek. The letter
48:
28:
833:
754:
554:
700:
814:
678:
623:
534:
24:
570:
708:
569:
replaced the
Insular, along with a shift in spelling conventions toward the
507:
408:
119:
646:
93:
23:
generally consisted of about 24 letters, and was used for writing
639:
601:
390:
379:
368:
357:
44:
36:
32:
582:
607:
are borrowings from futhorc. Also used was a symbol for the
98:
A table entitled "The Saxon-Alphabet" on the last page of
346:
335:
324:
313:
302:
291:
280:
269:
258:
247:
236:
225:
214:
203:
192:
181:
170:
159:
148:
137:
126:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
105:
The
Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy
753:
727:Upward, Christopher; Davidson, George W. (2011).
788:Bosworth, J. & Toller, T. Northcote (1898).
643:, a thorn with a crossbar through the ascender (
731:. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 17–18.
541:in the 5th century. In 597, the arrival of the
561:during the 8th century. This was replaced by
557:form of the alphabet was introduced with the
8:
67:was used by some writers but not by others.
614:, a character similar to the number seven (
695:, for E. Parker at the Bible and Crown in
75:influence, as seen towards the end of the
500:
401:
112:
16:Alphabet used from 9th to 12th centuries
666:
547:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
71:gained usage in late Old English under
760:. Cambridge University Press. p.
756:The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language
63:had not yet come into use. The letter
807:"Old English / Anglo-Saxon (Englisc)"
7:
545:in Kent marked the beginning of the
31:, two were modified Latin letters (
14:
729:The history of English spelling
794:. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
39:), and two developed from the
1:
683:(1st ed.). London, UK:
589:was an alteration of Latin
861:
21:Old English Latin alphabet
791:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
714:Inner-Temple, Esq; F.R.S.
626:) which is still used in
593:, and the runic letters
559:Hiberno-Scottish mission
537:was first written using
811:Omniglot (omniglot.com)
752:Crystal, David (1987).
634:, and a symbol for the
110:
77:Peterborough Chronicle
699:, and T. Ward in the
573:alphabet, leading to
567:Carolingian minuscule
97:
685:John Fortescue Aland
330:/u(ː)/, /w/ (rare)
551:Æthelberht of Kent
111:
738:978-1-4051-9024-4
701:Inner-Temple-Lane
656:⟨¯⟩
616:⟨⁊⟩
605:⟨ƿ⟩
598:⟨þ⟩
591:⟨d⟩
587:⟨ð⟩
543:Gregorian mission
539:Anglo-Saxon runes
527:
526:
499:
498:
400:
399:
89:Cotton Titus D 18
852:
826:
824:
822:
813:. Archived from
795:
776:
775:
759:
749:
743:
742:
724:
718:
716:
671:
657:
650:
636:relative pronoun
617:
606:
599:
592:
588:
501:
463:perhaps /iu(ː)/
455:perhaps /iy(ː)/
402:
113:
90:
86:
82:
860:
859:
855:
854:
853:
851:
850:
849:
840:Latin alphabets
830:
829:
820:
818:
817:on 7 April 2010
805:
802:
787:
784:
779:
772:
751:
750:
746:
739:
726:
725:
721:
675:Fortescue, John
673:
672:
668:
664:
655:
644:
632:Scottish Gaelic
615:
604:
597:
590:
586:
532:
107:(1st ed., 1714)
88:
84:
80:
51:). The letters
17:
12:
11:
5:
858:
856:
848:
847:
842:
832:
831:
828:
827:
801:
800:External links
798:
797:
796:
783:
780:
778:
777:
770:
744:
737:
719:
697:Lombard-Street
665:
663:
660:
575:Middle English
563:Insular script
553:. A minuscule
531:
528:
525:
524:
522:
518:
517:
515:
511:
510:
505:
497:
496:
493:
489:
488:
485:
481:
480:
477:
473:
472:
469:
465:
464:
461:
457:
456:
453:
449:
448:
446:
442:
441:
438:
434:
433:
430:
426:
425:
423:
419:
418:
416:
412:
411:
406:
398:
397:
394:
387:
386:
383:
376:
375:
372:
365:
364:
361:
354:
353:
350:
343:
342:
339:
332:
331:
328:
321:
320:
317:
310:
309:
306:
299:
298:
295:
288:
287:
284:
277:
276:
273:
266:
265:
262:
255:
254:
251:
244:
243:
240:
233:
232:
229:
222:
221:
218:
211:
210:
207:
200:
199:
196:
189:
188:
185:
178:
177:
174:
167:
166:
163:
156:
155:
152:
145:
144:
141:
134:
133:
130:
123:
122:
117:
100:John Fortescue
41:runic alphabet
29:Latin alphabet
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
857:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
835:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:
799:
793:
792:
786:
785:
781:
773:
771:0-521-26438-3
767:
763:
758:
757:
748:
745:
740:
734:
730:
723:
720:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
687:; printed by
686:
682:
681:
676:
670:
667:
661:
659:
654:
648:
642:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
610:
603:
596:
585:
584:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
529:
523:
520:
519:
516:
513:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:
494:
491:
490:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
466:
462:
459:
458:
454:
451:
450:
447:
444:
443:
439:
436:
435:
431:
428:
427:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
395:
392:
389:
388:
384:
381:
378:
377:
373:
370:
367:
366:
362:
359:
356:
355:
351:
348:
345:
344:
340:
337:
334:
333:
329:
326:
323:
322:
318:
315:
312:
311:
307:
304:
301:
300:
296:
293:
290:
289:
285:
282:
279:
278:
274:
271:
268:
267:
263:
260:
257:
256:
252:
249:
246:
245:
241:
238:
235:
234:
230:
227:
224:
223:
219:
216:
213:
212:
208:
205:
202:
201:
197:
194:
191:
190:
186:
183:
180:
179:
175:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
158:
157:
153:
150:
147:
146:
142:
139:
136:
135:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
108:
106:
101:
96:
92:
81:MS Harley 208
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
819:. Retrieved
815:the original
810:
790:
782:Bibliography
755:
747:
728:
722:
712:
693:White-Fryars
679:
669:
638:
619:
611:
581:
579:
533:
104:
20:
18:
845:Old English
624:Tironian et
609:conjunction
580:The letter
555:half-uncial
535:Old English
521:ncg (rare)
514:cgg (rare)
198:/g/, , /j/
85:Stowe MS 57
25:Old English
834:Categories
662:References
571:Old French
492:uu (rare)
484:th (rare)
479:/sk/, /ʃ/
445:gc (rare)
422:ch (rare)
154:/k/, /tʃ/
709:642421515
689:W. Bowyer
618:, called
504:Trigraph
677:(1714).
649:⟩
645:⟨
440:/eo(ː)/
432:/æɑ(ː)/
405:Digraph
209:/h/, ,
821:17 July
653:Macrons
530:History
385:/æ(ː)/
352:/y(ː)/
275:/o(ː)/
220:/i(ː)/
176:/e(ː)/
132:/ɑ(ː)/
116:Letter
768:
735:
707:
487:/θ/,
396:/ð/,
374:/θ/,
187:/f/,
87:, and
73:Norman
628:Irish
622:or a
595:thorn
341:/ks/
823:2010
766:ISBN
733:ISBN
705:OCLC
630:and
602:wynn
600:and
495:/w/
393:, ð
382:, æ
371:, þ
363:/w/
360:, ƿ
349:, y
338:, x
327:, u
319:/t/
316:, t
308:/s/
305:, s
297:/r/
294:, r
286:/p/
283:, p
272:, o
264:/n/
261:, n
253:/m/
250:, m
242:/l/
239:, l
231:/k/
228:, k
217:, i
206:, h
195:, g
184:, f
173:, e
165:/d/
162:, d
151:, c
143:/b/
140:, b
129:, a
55:and
19:The
762:203
691:in
651:).
640:þæt
620:ond
612:and
583:eth
508:IPA
476:sc
471:,
468:ng
460:io
452:ie
437:eo
429:ea
415:cg
409:IPA
120:IPA
102:'s
836::
809:.
764:.
711:.
703:.
577:.
83:,
47:,
35:,
825:.
774:.
741:.
717:.
647:ꝥ
391:Ð
380:Æ
369:Þ
358:Ƿ
347:Y
336:X
325:U
314:T
303:S
292:R
281:P
270:O
259:N
248:M
237:L
226:K
215:I
204:H
193:G
182:F
171:E
160:D
149:C
138:B
127:A
69:W
65:K
61:J
57:Z
53:Q
49:Þ
45:Ƿ
43:(
37:Ð
33:Æ
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