1420:
anomalies which persist to this day in the reprinting of archaic texts and the spelling of regional words. The widely misunderstood 'ye' occurs through a habit of printer's usage that originates in Caxton's time, when printers would substitute the <y> (often accompanied by a superscript <e>) in place of the thorn <þ> or the eth <ð>, both of which were used to denote both the voiced and non-voiced sounds, /ð/ and /θ/ (Anderson, D. (1969) The Art of
Written Forms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p 169)
592:
77:
1061:
802:
791:
780:
735:
870:
859:
751:
1020:
að þá er það atkvæði hans í hverju máli sem eftir lifir nafnsins er úr er tekinn raddarstafur úr nafni hans, sem alla hefi ég samhljóðendur samda í það mark nú sem ég reit snemma í þeirra umræðu. Höfuðstaf þe-sins rita ég hvergi nema í vers upphafi því að hans atkvæði má eigi æxla þótt hann standi
1419:
The types used by Caxton and his contemporaries originated in
Holland and Belgium, and did not provide for the continuing use of elements of the Old English alphabet such as thorn <þ>, eth <ð>, and yogh <ʒ>. The substitution of visually similar typographic forms has led to some
1039:, so that its sound value in each context will be what is left of the name when the vowel is removed, since I have now arranged all the consonants in that manner, as I wrote earlier in this discussion. The capital letter of
7023:
6985:
6972:
6964:
6980:
7000:
1599:
Everson, Michael; Baker, Peter; Emiliano, António; Grammel, Florian; Haugen, Odd Einar; Luft, Diana; Pedro, Susana; Schumacher, Gerd; Stötzner, Andreas (2006-01-30).
6840:
7015:
6990:
1489:
438:
157:
7088:
7069:
7049:
1253:
6949:
1668:
458:
960:
6957:
1411:
1690:"Étude de la réalisation des consonnes islandaises þ, ð, s, dans la prononciation d'un sujet islandais à partir de la radiocinématographie"
3282:
2641:
1433:"ye-olde - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com"
1043:
I do not write except at the beginning of a section, since its sound cannot be extended, even when it follows the vowel of the syllable.
1632:
1607:
1678:
1523:
1405:
6833:
6160:
5421:
4775:
1155:
6937:
1746:
687:
562:
311:
293:
7144:
6340:
5369:
4731:
4466:
4081:
3480:
3427:
2839:
2786:
2223:
647:
was largely restricted to certain common words and abbreviations. This was the longest-lived use, though with the arrival of
7139:
272:
6860:
6034:
5070:
4461:
4387:
4076:
3991:
2061:
7119:
6826:
4392:
3995:
591:
6133:
5060:
4451:
4062:
3349:
2708:
2143:
1047:
1025:
1003:
561:
as the voiced fricative between voiced sounds, but either letter could be used to write it; the modern use of in
427:
336:
141:
1456:
6714:
6313:
5295:
5140:
4670:
4539:
3949:
3512:
3504:
2867:
2040:
597:
165:
6895:
52:
1482:
7134:
6875:
6870:
6865:
4396:
3999:
431:
149:
48:
42:
1432:
6974:
6966:
898:
554:
481:
307:
303:
289:
6907:
948:
944:
570:
500:
371:
348:
615:
grew less distinctive, with the letter losing its ascender (becoming similar in appearance to the old
7124:
7056:
6917:
6797:
1161:
998:(meaning "to become") in modern Icelandic or normalized orthography. Þ was originally taken from the
771:
538:
469:. Modern Icelandic usage generally excludes the latter, which is instead represented with the letter
163:
155:
147:
139:
125:
5880:
5513:
7149:
6885:
6187:
5562:
4717:
4544:
4162:
2181:
1771:
1739:
419:, although the two are historically unrelated. The only language in which þ is currently in use is
7129:
7005:
6900:
6849:
6777:
5545:
3581:
3577:
3566:
1709:
1581:
1390:
939:
930:
917:
828:
420:
340:
129:
6995:
6363:
3626:
3189:
2892:
2293:
1674:
1573:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1401:
1193:
1177:
1060:
959:
when it cannot be reproduced and never appears at the end of a word. For example, the name of
574:
435:
7061:
3776:
1701:
1600:
1565:
894:
454:
446:
173:
1625:
6890:
6807:
4176:
3603:
1660:
952:
902:
352:
7041:
6922:
6912:
4789:
1732:
1143:
999:
550:
385:
360:
24:
7113:
1786:
1713:
1664:
1556:
Haugen, Einar (1950). "First
Grammatical Treatise. The Earliest Germanic Phonology".
1082:
508:
394:
611:
began to grow in popularity during the 14th century; at the same time, the shape of
6802:
6374:
6370:
6019:
6005:
5908:
5866:
5859:
5748:
5459:
5240:
5178:
4914:
4840:
4800:
4796:
4628:
4301:
4227:
4187:
4183:
3880:
3806:
3730:
3656:
3614:
3590:
3585:
3129:
3122:
3058:
2947:
2903:
2531:
2524:
2459:
2348:
1952:
1841:
1258:
1051:
906:
886:
801:
790:
672:
648:
607:
416:
375:
356:
101:
32:
779:
734:
76:
1689:
1626:"L2/20-268: Revised proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS"
706:", in places such as 2 Corinthians 13:7. All were replaced in later printings by
7081:
7076:
6880:
6792:
3986:
3610:
3164:
2899:
2304:
2300:
1797:
1793:
756:
566:
558:
367:
364:
344:
115:
7033:
6782:
3150:
2548:
1065:
492:
1577:
1313:
885:
Thorn in the form of a "Y" survives in pseudo-archaic uses, particularly the
6787:
6012:
5973:
5942:
5935:
5922:
5721:
5218:
5164:
4891:
4826:
4567:
4278:
4213:
3857:
3792:
3707:
3642:
3136:
2933:
2538:
2334:
1827:
1265:, a similar letter in the Greek alphabet used to write the Bactrian language
1139:
1086:
964:
504:
477:
412:
5998:
5992:
5960:
5954:
5901:
5741:
5735:
5651:
5502:
5231:
4904:
4291:
3870:
3720:
3048:
2449:
1942:
1936:
488:, when it appears in an unstressed pronoun or adverb after a voiced sound.
407:
974:
Its pronunciation has not varied much, but before the introduction of the
7028:
5915:
5873:
5755:
5728:
5247:
5171:
4921:
4833:
4635:
4574:
4308:
4220:
3887:
3799:
3737:
3649:
3278:
3143:
3065:
3034:
3018:
3012:
2940:
2637:
2466:
2435:
2419:
2413:
2341:
1959:
1922:
1906:
1834:
1766:
873:(yͭ) – an Early Modern English abbreviation for the word
862:(yͤ) – an Early Modern English abbreviation for the word
299:
111:
20:
6772:
1776:
1354:
1352:
1241:
1092:
890:
805:(þͧ) – a rare Middle English abbreviation for the word
698:" in places such as Job 1:9, John 15:1, and Romans 15:29. It also used
664:
381:
195:
97:
93:
1705:
1585:
627:), which had fallen out of use by 1300, and to ancient through modern
6818:
5966:
5949:
5887:
5852:
5845:
5839:
5832:
5811:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5483:
5468:
5202:
5187:
4930:
4875:
4868:
4854:
4600:
4585:
4317:
4262:
4255:
4241:
3896:
3841:
3834:
3820:
3746:
3691:
3684:
3670:
3113:
3079:
3027:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2961:
2514:
2480:
2428:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2362:
2007:
1973:
1915:
1892:
1885:
1879:
1855:
897:
spelt with "Y" for thorn is often jocularly or mistakenly pronounced
851: – an Early Modern English abbreviation for the word
557:, sometimes by the same scribe. This sound was regularly realised in
516:
6223:
5600:
3171:
3157:
920:
is the only living language to keep the letter thorn (in
Icelandic;
869:
389:
1569:
5985:
5979:
5894:
5825:
5818:
5271:
5258:
4950:
4937:
4847:
4646:
4337:
4324:
4234:
3916:
3903:
3813:
3766:
3753:
3663:
3106:
3099:
3093:
3086:
3072:
3041:
2954:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2487:
2473:
2442:
2355:
2000:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1966:
1929:
1848:
1755:
1069:
1059:
858:
831:
for the glyph, printers substituted the (visually similar) letter
794:(þͭ) – a Middle English abbreviation for the word
783:(þͤ) – a Middle English abbreviation for the word
750:
590:
496:
6750:
6741:
6732:
6349:
6331:
6268:
6205:
6106:
6070:
5929:
5804:
5797:
5769:
5762:
5534:
5322:
5317:
5308:
5209:
5157:
4987:
4882:
4819:
4701:
4683:
4675:
4607:
4560:
4378:
4269:
4206:
4025:
3978:
3973:
3953:
3848:
3785:
3698:
3635:
3499:
3476:
3471:
3453:
3365:
3360:
3311:
3299:
3290:
3252:
3248:
3235:
3230:
3180:
3005:
2975:
2968:
2926:
2858:
2835:
2830:
2812:
2724:
2719:
2670:
2658:
2649:
2611:
2607:
2594:
2589:
2406:
2376:
2369:
2327:
2280:
2276:
2263:
2249:
2159:
2154:
2101:
2066:
2053:
2048:
1899:
1869:
1862:
1820:
1278:
1268:
818:
812:
807:
616:
579:
542:
256:
6935:
6822:
1728:
774:
during Middle and Early Modern
English using the letter thorn:
549:. Unlike eth, thorn remained in common use through most of the
1601:"L2/06-027: Proposal to add Medievalist characters to the UCS"
1288:
975:
546:
470:
1539:
179:
176:
686:⟩, though, even when so written. The first printing of the
675:
that were imported from
Belgium and the Netherlands, while
415:. It is similar in appearance to the archaic Greek letter
6723:
6705:
6696:
6687:
6678:
6669:
6660:
6651:
6642:
6633:
6624:
6615:
6606:
6597:
6588:
6579:
6570:
6561:
6552:
6543:
6534:
6525:
6322:
6304:
6295:
6286:
6277:
6259:
6250:
6241:
6232:
6214:
6196:
6178:
6169:
6151:
6142:
6124:
6115:
6097:
6088:
6079:
6061:
6052:
6043:
5700:
5588:
5583:
5436:
5408:
5399:
5389:
5384:
5358:
5349:
5332:
5300:
5286:
5125:
5116:
5105:
5096:
5085:
5055:
5046:
5038:
5033:
5019:
5014:
5005:
4996:
4979:
4974:
4965:
4762:
4753:
4726:
4696:
4661:
4524:
4515:
4504:
4495:
4485:
4480:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4413:
4404:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4352:
4147:
4138:
4128:
4123:
4115:
4110:
4100:
4095:
4066:
4057:
4048:
4039:
4021:
4016:
4007:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3944:
3936:
3931:
3548:
3539:
3490:
3462:
3444:
3435:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3393:
3384:
3375:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3303:
3295:
3274:
3269:
3260:
3243:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3204:
2849:
2821:
2803:
2794:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2662:
2654:
2633:
2628:
2619:
2602:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2563:
2271:
2258:
2240:
2231:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2189:
2176:
2167:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2106:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2035:
2027:
2022:
1064:
Upper- and lowercase versions of the thorn character, in
832:
630:
512:
28:
1724:
1210:
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER
667:
Curiositie Shoppe'. One major reason for this was that
595:"... hir the grace that god put ..." (Extract from the
1224:
LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER
679:
did not. The word was never pronounced as /j/, as in ⟨
1391:"Chapter 25: Typography and the printed English text"
1375:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 22–23.
434:. However, in modern Icelandic it is pronounced as a
351:
alphabets, as well as modern transliterations of the
182:
16:
Letter of Old
English and some Scandinavian languages
1398:
The
Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System
384:, where it survives. The letter originated from the
298:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
7014:
6948:
6362:
4788:
4175:
3602:
2891:
2292:
1785:
278:
268:
263:
252:
244:
236:
228:
211:
206:
193:
135:
121:
107:
88:
83:
62:
1507:
1358:
1343:
982:was used to represent the sound , as in the word "
1275:, a letter used in Middle English and Older Scots
6381:
4807:
4194:
3621:
2910:
2311:
1804:
1314:"Icelandic language, alphabet and pronunciation"
312:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
1544:, eText (modernized spelling ed.), NO: Old
553:period. Both letters were used for the phoneme
1160:Various forms of thorn were used for medieval
6834:
6512:
6507:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5993:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5967:
5961:
5955:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5652:
5514:
5503:
5484:
5469:
5460:
5272:
5259:
5248:
5241:
5232:
5219:
5210:
5203:
5188:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
4951:
4938:
4931:
4922:
4915:
4905:
4892:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4647:
4636:
4629:
4608:
4601:
4586:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4338:
4325:
4318:
4309:
4302:
4292:
4279:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
3917:
3904:
3897:
3888:
3881:
3871:
3858:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3767:
3754:
3747:
3738:
3731:
3721:
3708:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3019:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2986:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2549:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1880:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1740:
1624:Everson, Michael; West, Andrew (2020-10-05).
1514:. New York: Oxford University Press. p.
388:
8:
827:In later printed texts, given the lack of a
1335:
1333:
6945:
6932:
6841:
6827:
6819:
1747:
1733:
1725:
1295:, another Old English and Icelandic letter
1285:, another runic letter used in Old English
659:became ubiquitous, leading to the common "
577:) was a popular abbreviation for the word
1339:
1091:Upper and lower case forms of thorn have
511:, and, in some fonts, the Latin letters
439:voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative
1008:
1305:
53:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1457:"1611 The Authorized King James Bible"
1384:
1382:
1179:LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE
905:of the second person plural pronoun, "
537:The letter thorn was used for writing
459:voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative
59:
938:
929:
7:
1654:From Old English to Standard English
1195:LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE
901:("yee") or mistaken for the archaic
302:. For the distinction between ,
1670:The Sounds of the World's Languages
1483:"Icelandic BGN/PCGN 1968 Agreement"
1373:Icelandic: Grammar, Texts, Glossary
31:, or ϸ, the Graeco-Bactrian letter
6773:Runic inscriptions interactive map
1437:www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
507:(other examples are the lowercase
499:is unusual in that it has both an
14:
1417:from the original on 2022-07-10.
943:). The letter is the 30th in the
740:Middle English þ with superscript
1638:from the original on 2020-10-24.
1613:from the original on 2013-08-19.
1495:from the original on 2016-10-26.
1359:Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)
1156:Medieval Unicode Font Initiative
1012:Staf þann er flestir menn kalla
868:
857:
800:
789:
778:
749:
733:
370:but was later replaced with the
172:
75:
23:, from which it is derived, the
1344:Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996
1240:was used in the Middle English
1238:LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE THORN
1031:The letter which most men call
811:(which was written early on as
688:King James Version of the Bible
643:was predominant and the use of
587:Middle and Early Modern English
294:International Phonetic Alphabet
1016:, þann kalla ég af því heldur
651:printing, the substitution of
1:
1254:Pronunciation of English ⟨th⟩
1021:eftir raddarstaf í samstöfun.
426:It is pronounced as either a
1510:An Introduction to Old Norse
567:Old English orthographic use
476:; however, may occur as an
1389:Hill, Will (30 June 2020).
951:in the 19th century; it is
7166:
1688:Pétursson, Magnus (1971),
1541:First Grammatical Treatise
1371:Einarsson, Stefán (1949).
1153:
1146:("ISO Latin-1") encoding.
1109:LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN
1080:
1048:First Grammatical Treatise
1026:First Grammatical Treatise
1004:First Grammatical Treatise
428:voiceless dental fricative
18:
6944:
6931:
6856:
6763:
2893:Later Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
1762:
671:existed in the printer's
598:The Boke of Margery Kempe
286:
74:
67:
21:the rune of the same name
6973:Changes before historic
6965:Changes before historic
1652:Freeborn, Dennis (1992)
1128:LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN
1002:and is described in the
702:as an abbreviation for "
19:Not to be confused with
6876:Anglo-Frisian languages
1006:from the 12th-century:
961:Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson
819:
813:
565:is not the same as the
465:as in the English word
401:in the Anglo-Saxon and
359:, and some dialects of
290:phonetic transcriptions
1787:Germanic Elder Futhark
1073:
990:", which is now spelt
726:Abbreviations of "the"
602:
541:very early on, as was
363:. It was also used in
287:This article contains
41:This article contains
7145:Palaeographic letters
6908:Anglo-Norman language
4177:Later Younger Futhark
3604:Norse Younger Futhark
2294:Anglo-Frisian Futhorc
1673:. Oxford: Blackwell.
1506:Gordon, E.V. (1927).
1162:scribal abbreviations
1063:
909:", as in "hear ye!".
772:scribal abbreviations
594:
335:) is a letter in the
7140:Latin-script letters
6938:Phonological history
6918:Early Modern English
6798:Modern runic writing
6367:Dalecarlian alphabet
1142:were inherited from
1046:– First Grammarian,
1024:– First Grammarian,
495:the lowercase thorn
474:⟨Ð, ð⟩
411:in the Scandinavian
126:Old English language
6871:Proto-West-Germanic
6861:Proto-Indo-European
1772:List of runologists
1656:. London: Macmillan
1361:, pp. 144–145.
770:The following were
605:The modern digraph
569:. A thorn with the
7120:Icelandic language
7006:Trisyllabic laxing
6986:Close front vowels
6850:History of English
6778:Runic inscriptions
1074:
949:Old Norse alphabet
945:Icelandic alphabet
759:y with superscript
639:). By this stage,
603:
563:phonetic alphabets
432:voiced counterpart
130:Old Norse language
122:Language of origin
43:special characters
7107:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7099:
7098:
6996:Great Vowel Shift
6981:Close back vowels
6816:
6815:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6745:
6736:
6727:
6718:
6709:
6700:
6691:
6682:
6673:
6664:
6655:
6646:
6637:
6628:
6619:
6610:
6601:
6592:
6583:
6574:
6565:
6556:
6547:
6538:
6529:
6391:
6364:Dalecarlian runes
6357:
6356:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6317:
6308:
6299:
6290:
6281:
6272:
6263:
6254:
6245:
6236:
6227:
6218:
6209:
6200:
6191:
6182:
6173:
6164:
6155:
6146:
6137:
6128:
6119:
6110:
6101:
6092:
6083:
6074:
6065:
6056:
6047:
6038:
5715:
5704:
5604:
5591:
5566:
5549:
5538:
5440:
5425:
5412:
5403:
5392:
5373:
5362:
5353:
5336:
5325:
5312:
5303:
5290:
5144:
5129:
5120:
5109:
5100:
5089:
5074:
5063:
5050:
5041:
5022:
5009:
5000:
4991:
4982:
4969:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4766:
4757:
4734:
4721:
4704:
4687:
4678:
4665:
4547:
4528:
4519:
4508:
4499:
4488:
4469:
4454:
4441:
4432:
4417:
4408:
4399:
4382:
4373:
4356:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4151:
4142:
4131:
4118:
4103:
4084:
4069:
4052:
4043:
4028:
4011:
4002:
3981:
3968:
3939:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3570:
3559:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3494:
3483:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3417:
3408:
3397:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3315:
3306:
3285:
3264:
3255:
3238:
3225:
3212:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2842:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2776:
2767:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2674:
2665:
2644:
2623:
2614:
2597:
2584:
2571:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2266:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2213:
2204:
2193:
2184:
2171:
2162:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2109:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2056:
2043:
2030:
1706:10.1159/000259344
1058:
1057:
1050:, translation by
947:, modelled after
677:⟨Þ⟩
669:⟨Y⟩
657:⟨Þ⟩
653:⟨y⟩
645:⟨Þ⟩
637:⟨p⟩
625:⟨ƿ⟩
621:⟨Ƿ⟩
613:⟨Þ⟩
486:⟨þ⟩
318:
317:
279:Writing direction
269:Associated graphs
49:rendering support
7157:
7001:Open back vowels
6976:
6968:
6946:
6933:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6820:
6769:
6748:
6739:
6730:
6721:
6712:
6703:
6694:
6685:
6676:
6667:
6658:
6649:
6640:
6631:
6622:
6613:
6604:
6595:
6586:
6577:
6568:
6559:
6550:
6541:
6532:
6523:
6514:
6509:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6385:
6382:
6347:
6338:
6329:
6320:
6311:
6302:
6293:
6284:
6275:
6266:
6257:
6248:
6239:
6230:
6221:
6212:
6203:
6194:
6185:
6176:
6167:
6158:
6149:
6140:
6131:
6122:
6113:
6104:
6095:
6086:
6077:
6068:
6059:
6050:
6041:
6032:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5995:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5709:
5698:
5654:
5598:
5581:
5560:
5543:
5532:
5516:
5505:
5486:
5471:
5462:
5434:
5419:
5406:
5397:
5382:
5367:
5356:
5347:
5330:
5315:
5306:
5293:
5284:
5274:
5261:
5250:
5243:
5234:
5221:
5212:
5205:
5190:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5138:
5123:
5114:
5103:
5094:
5083:
5068:
5053:
5044:
5031:
5012:
5003:
4994:
4985:
4972:
4963:
4953:
4940:
4933:
4924:
4917:
4907:
4894:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4808:
4773:
4760:
4751:
4724:
4715:
4694:
4681:
4668:
4659:
4649:
4638:
4631:
4610:
4603:
4588:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4537:
4522:
4513:
4502:
4493:
4478:
4459:
4444:
4435:
4426:
4411:
4402:
4385:
4376:
4359:
4350:
4340:
4327:
4320:
4311:
4304:
4294:
4281:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4195:
4160:
4145:
4136:
4121:
4108:
4093:
4074:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4014:
4005:
3984:
3971:
3942:
3929:
3919:
3906:
3899:
3890:
3883:
3873:
3860:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3769:
3756:
3749:
3740:
3733:
3723:
3710:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3622:
3575:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3497:
3488:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3358:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3309:
3288:
3267:
3258:
3241:
3228:
3215:
3202:
3192:
3183:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3021:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2911:
2876:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2717:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2668:
2647:
2626:
2617:
2600:
2587:
2574:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2422:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2389:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2312:
2269:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2187:
2174:
2165:
2152:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2059:
2046:
2033:
2020:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1805:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1726:
1716:
1684:
1661:Ladefoged, Peter
1640:
1639:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1513:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1310:
1294:
1284:
1274:
1264:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1009:
942:
940:[θ̠ɔrn̥]
933:
931:[θ̠ɔtn̥]
900:
895:definite article
872:
861:
850:
847:
844:
841:
822:
816:
804:
793:
782:
762:
753:
743:
737:
714:, respectively.
678:
670:
658:
654:
646:
638:
634:
626:
622:
614:
556:
487:
483:
475:
453:, or a (usually
392:
309:
305:
253:Transliterations
202:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
169:
161:
153:
145:
79:
70:
60:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7095:
7065:-glottalization
7010:
6940:
6927:
6852:
6847:
6817:
6812:
6808:Staveless runes
6767:
6759:
6388:
6368:
6366:
6358:
5997:
5984:
5978:
5965:
5959:
5934:
5844:
5740:
5712:
5587:
5388:
5321:
5299:
5059:
5037:
5018:
4978:
4794:
4793:Medieval Fuþark
4792:
4784:
4730:
4700:
4674:
4543:
4484:
4465:
4450:
4391:
4369:
4365:
4181:
4179:
4171:
4127:
4114:
4099:
4080:
4065:
4061:
4024:
4020:
3994:
3990:
3977:
3960:
3956:
3948:
3935:
3608:
3606:
3598:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3532:
3523:
3503:
3479:
3475:
3426:
3368:
3364:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3251:
3247:
3234:
3221:
3208:
3098:
3017:
2990:
2922:
2916:
2897:
2895:
2887:
2880:
2838:
2834:
2785:
2727:
2723:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2610:
2606:
2593:
2580:
2567:
2499:
2418:
2391:
2323:
2317:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2279:
2275:
2262:
2222:
2180:
2158:
2105:
2065:
2052:
2039:
2026:
1992:
1941:
1884:
1816:
1810:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1758:
1753:
1723:
1687:
1681:
1659:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1414:
1408:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1340:Pétursson (1971
1338:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1250:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1152:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1077:Computing codes
1044:
1022:
915:
903:nominative case
883:
848:
845:
842:
839:
835:for the thorn:
768:
767:
766:
765:
764:
760:
754:
746:
745:
741:
738:
729:
728:
720:
676:
668:
656:
652:
644:
636:
628:
624:
620:
612:
589:
535:
530:
525:
485:
473:
397:and was called
232:~800 to present
224:
200:
175:
171:
170:
162:
154:
146:
128:
68:
58:
57:
56:
47:Without proper
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7163:
7161:
7153:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7135:Middle English
7132:
7127:
7122:
7112:
7111:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7086:
7085:
7084:
7079:
7067:
7059:
7054:
7047:
7039:
7031:
7026:
7020:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6970:
6962:
6954:
6952:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6923:Modern English
6920:
6915:
6913:Middle English
6910:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6866:Proto-Germanic
6863:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6823:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6746:
6737:
6728:
6719:
6710:
6701:
6692:
6683:
6674:
6665:
6656:
6647:
6638:
6629:
6620:
6611:
6602:
6593:
6584:
6575:
6566:
6557:
6548:
6539:
6530:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6392:
6380:
6378:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6354:
6345:
6336:
6327:
6318:
6309:
6300:
6291:
6282:
6273:
6264:
6255:
6246:
6237:
6228:
6219:
6210:
6201:
6192:
6183:
6174:
6165:
6156:
6147:
6138:
6129:
6120:
6111:
6102:
6093:
6084:
6075:
6066:
6057:
6048:
6039:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5990:
5971:
5947:
5940:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5716:
5706:
5705:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5541:
5539:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5466:
5464:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5404:
5395:
5393:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5365:
5363:
5354:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5328:
5326:
5313:
5304:
5291:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5236:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5216:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5185:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5121:
5112:
5110:
5101:
5092:
5090:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5066:
5064:
5051:
5042:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5010:
5001:
4992:
4983:
4970:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4909:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4889:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4814:
4806:
4804:
4790:Medieval runes
4786:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4722:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4679:
4666:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4555:
4549:
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4535:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4520:
4511:
4509:
4500:
4491:
4489:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4457:
4455:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4383:
4374:
4357:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4296:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4276:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4201:
4193:
4191:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4132:
4119:
4106:
4104:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4072:
4070:
4053:
4044:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4012:
4003:
3982:
3969:
3940:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3875:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3855:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3780:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3725:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3705:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3607:16-type Fuþark
3600:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3560:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3495:
3486:
3484:
3467:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3356:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3316:
3307:
3286:
3265:
3256:
3239:
3226:
3213:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3178:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2983:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2896:33-type Fuþorc
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2645:
2624:
2615:
2598:
2585:
2572:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2384:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2297:28-type Fuþorc
2290:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2267:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2172:
2163:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2057:
2044:
2031:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1877:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1790:24-type Fuþark
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1721:External links
1719:
1718:
1717:
1700:(4): 203–216,
1685:
1679:
1665:Maddieson, Ian
1657:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1616:
1591:
1570:10.2307/522272
1548:
1531:
1524:
1498:
1474:
1463:. p. 1400
1448:
1424:
1406:
1378:
1363:
1348:
1342::?), cited in
1329:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1226:
1212:
1198:
1182:
1151:
1148:
1144:ISO/IEC 8859-1
1138:These Unicode
1136:
1135:
1116:
1078:
1075:
1056:
1055:
1029:
1000:runic alphabet
953:transliterated
914:
911:
882:
881:Modern English
879:
878:
877:
866:
855:
825:
824:
798:
787:
755:
748:
747:
739:
732:
731:
730:
724:
723:
722:
721:
719:
716:
588:
585:
551:Middle English
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
484:, and written
361:Middle English
316:
315:
310:⟩, see
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
265:
261:
260:
254:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
223:
222:
215:
213:
209:
208:
204:
203:
201:U+00DE, U+00FE
198:
191:
190:
137:
133:
132:
123:
119:
118:
109:
105:
104:
90:
89:Writing system
86:
85:
81:
80:
72:
71:
65:
64:
51:, you may see
39:
38:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7162:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7048:
7046:
7045:-vocalization
7044:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7017:
7013:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6971:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6934:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6855:
6851:
6844:
6839:
6837:
6832:
6830:
6825:
6824:
6821:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6753:
6752:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6511:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6372:
6365:
6361:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6018:
6016:
6011:
6009:
6004:
6002:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5972:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5946:
5941:
5939:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5921:
5919:
5914:
5912:
5907:
5905:
5900:
5898:
5893:
5891:
5886:
5884:
5879:
5877:
5872:
5870:
5865:
5863:
5858:
5856:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5838:
5836:
5831:
5829:
5824:
5822:
5817:
5815:
5810:
5808:
5803:
5801:
5796:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5775:
5773:
5768:
5766:
5761:
5759:
5754:
5752:
5747:
5745:
5739:
5734:
5732:
5727:
5725:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5246:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5208:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5177:
5175:
5170:
5168:
5163:
5161:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4920:
4918:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4872:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4839:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4825:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4791:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4573:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4307:
4305:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4224:
4219:
4217:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3796:
3791:
3789:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3601:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2890:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1680:0-631-19815-6
1676:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1525:0-19-811184-3
1521:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1407:9780367581565
1403:
1400:. p. 6.
1399:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1227:
1213:
1199:
1197:
1183:
1181:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1117:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1083:Unicode input
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1035:I shall call
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
989:
987:
981:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
937:
932:
927:
924:, pronounced
923:
919:
912:
910:
908:
904:
896:
892:
888:
880:
876:
871:
867:
865:
860:
856:
854:
838:
837:
836:
834:
830:
821:
815:
810:
809:
803:
799:
797:
792:
788:
786:
781:
777:
776:
775:
773:
758:
752:
736:
727:
718:Abbreviations
717:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:in 1611 used
689:
685:
683:
674:
666:
662:
650:
642:
632:
618:
610:
609:
600:
599:
593:
586:
584:
582:
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
527:
522:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
479:
472:
468:
464:
461:, similar to
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:, similar to
440:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:
404:
400:
396:
395:Elder Futhark
391:
387:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
313:
301:
297:
295:
291:
285:
282:Left-to-right
281:
277:
274:
271:
267:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
221:
218:
217:
214:
210:
205:
199:
197:
192:
187:
167:
159:
151:
143:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:Adapted from
91:
87:
82:
78:
73:
66:
61:
54:
50:
46:
44:
34:
30:
26:
22:
7089:
7070:
7062:
7050:
7042:
7034:
6958:
6896:Northumbrian
6803:Pseudo-runes
6749:
6740:
6731:
6722:
6713:
6704:
6695:
6686:
6677:
6668:
6659:
6650:
6641:
6632:
6623:
6614:
6605:
6596:
6587:
6578:
6569:
6560:
6551:
6542:
6533:
6524:
6389:(incomplete)
6387:Alphabetical
6386:
6348:
6339:
6330:
6321:
6312:
6303:
6294:
6285:
6276:
6267:
6258:
6249:
6240:
6231:
6222:
6213:
6204:
6195:
6186:
6177:
6168:
6159:
6150:
6141:
6132:
6123:
6114:
6105:
6096:
6087:
6078:
6069:
6060:
6051:
6042:
6033:
5713:amalgamation
5711:Alphabetical
5710:
5699:
5609:
5599:
5582:
5561:
5544:
5533:
5445:
5435:
5420:
5407:
5398:
5383:
5368:
5357:
5348:
5331:
5316:
5307:
5294:
5285:
5149:
5139:
5124:
5115:
5104:
5095:
5084:
5069:
5054:
5045:
5032:
5013:
5004:
4995:
4986:
4973:
4964:
4811:
4774:
4761:
4752:
4725:
4716:
4695:
4682:
4669:
4660:
4552:
4538:
4523:
4514:
4503:
4494:
4479:
4460:
4445:
4436:
4427:
4412:
4403:
4386:
4377:
4360:
4351:
4198:
4180:Stung Fuþark
4161:
4146:
4137:
4122:
4109:
4094:
4075:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4015:
4006:
3985:
3972:
3943:
3930:
3775:
3625:
3576:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3498:
3489:
3470:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3359:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3310:
3289:
3268:
3259:
3242:
3229:
3216:
3203:
2914:
2877:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2718:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2669:
2648:
2627:
2618:
2601:
2588:
2575:
2562:
2315:
2270:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2188:
2175:
2166:
2153:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2060:
2047:
2034:
2021:
1808:
1697:
1693:
1669:
1653:
1647:Bibliography
1619:
1594:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1540:
1534:
1509:
1501:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1418:
1397:
1372:
1366:
1321:. Retrieved
1318:omniglot.com
1317:
1308:
1259:Sho (letter)
1159:
1137:
1090:
1052:Einar Haugen
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1013:
993:
991:
985:
983:
979:
973:
968:
956:
935:
925:
921:
916:
887:stock prefix
884:
874:
863:
852:
826:
806:
795:
784:
769:
725:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
681:
680:
660:
649:movable type
640:
606:
604:
596:
578:
536:
490:
466:
462:
450:
442:
425:
406:
402:
398:
374:
357:Middle Scots
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:
306:and ⟨
288:
219:
136:Sound values
102:Latin script
40:
7125:Old English
6881:Old English
6793:Runic magic
3627:Long-Branch
1564:(4): 4–64.
1461:archive.org
1132:þ
1113:Þ
1095:encodings:
1068:(left) and
978:character,
757:Blackletter
559:Old English
539:Old English
533:Old English
368:Scandinavia
347:and modern
345:Old Swedish
337:Old English
237:Descendants
229:Time period
212:Development
116:logographic
7150:English th
7114:Categories
7016:Consonants
6991:Diphthongs
6901:West Saxon
6788:Runestones
6783:Rune Poems
3777:Short-Twig
2917:Variations
2915:Normalized
2318:Variations
2316:Normalized
1811:Variations
1809:Normalized
1467:August 14,
1442:2019-12-13
1323:2022-04-14
1300:References
1154:See also:
1140:codepoints
1081:See also:
1066:sans-serif
965:anglicised
663:", as in '
509:Cyrillic ф
493:typography
445:as in the
413:rune poems
380:except in
355:alphabet,
112:Alphabetic
7130:Old Norse
7057:Rhoticity
7037:-dropping
5610:4th types
5446:3rd types
5150:2nd types
4812:1st types
1714:145316121
1694:Phonetica
1578:0097-8507
1087:Alt codes
918:Icelandic
913:Icelandic
573:crossed (
545:, called
505:descender
497:character
478:allophone
421:Icelandic
349:Icelandic
341:Old Norse
7082:stopping
7077:fronting
7029:Flapping
7024:Clusters
6768:See also
1767:Runology
1667:(1996).
1633:Archived
1608:Archived
1558:Language
1490:Archived
1412:Archived
1248:See also
1235:ꟓ
1221:ꝧ
1207:Ꝧ
1191:ꝥ
1175:Ꝥ
1150:Variants
633:⟩
629:⟨
571:ascender
501:ascender
365:medieval
304:/ /
300:Help:IPA
194:In
6891:Mercian
6886:Kentish
6375:20th c.
6371:16th c.
4801:16th c.
4797:13th c.
4199:Regular
4188:13th c.
4184:11th c.
3615:11th c.
2904:12th c.
1777:Rundata
1242:Ormulum
1093:Unicode
1072:(right)
893:". The
891:ye olde
665:Ye Olde
528:English
447:English
436:laminal
430:or its
417:sho (ϸ)
393:in the
382:Iceland
372:digraph
292:in the
245:Sisters
207:History
196:Unicode
98:Futhorc
94:Futhark
27:letter
6950:Vowels
3611:8th c.
3055:
2982:
2900:8th c.
2545:
2521:
2456:
2383:
2305:9th c.
2301:5th c.
1798:9th c.
1712:
1677:
1586:522272
1584:
1576:
1522:
1404:
1232:
1230:U+A7D3
1218:
1216:U+A767
1204:
1202:U+A766
1188:
1186:U+A765
1172:
1170:U+A764
1125:þ
1122:
1120:U+00FE
1106:Þ
1103:
1101:U+00DE
967:as Haf
846:
843:
840:
761:
742:
503:and a
455:apical
353:Gothic
308:
273:th, dh
6369:(ca.
4795:(ca.
4553:Stung
4182:(ca.
3609:(ca.
2898:(ca.
2299:(ca.
1792:(ca.
1756:Runes
1710:S2CID
1636:(PDF)
1629:(PDF)
1611:(PDF)
1604:(PDF)
1582:JSTOR
1493:(PDF)
1486:(PDF)
1415:(PDF)
1394:(PDF)
1346::145)
1070:serif
1033:thorn
926:þoddn
899:/jiː/
694:for "
673:types
451:thick
449:word
408:thurs
403:thorn
399:thorn
321:Thorn
296:(IPA)
264:Other
168:]
164:[
160:]
156:[
152:]
148:[
144:]
140:[
100:into
84:Usage
25:Latin
1675:ISBN
1574:ISSN
1520:ISBN
1469:2022
1402:ISBN
1279:Wynn
1269:Yogh
1085:and
971:or.
936:þorn
875:that
853:this
829:sort
808:thou
796:that
712:that
704:that
655:for
617:wynn
580:that
523:Uses
515:and
482:/θ̠/
386:rune
325:þorn
259:, th
248:None
114:and
108:Type
96:and
6975:/r/
6967:/l/
6373:to
4799:to
4186:to
3613:to
2902:to
2303:to
1796:to
1702:doi
1566:doi
1516:268
1289:Eth
1041:the
1037:the
992:ver
984:ver
976:eth
963:is
955:to
934:or
864:the
820:þou
817:or
785:the
710:or
708:the
696:the
555:/θ/
547:eth
519:).
491:In
480:of
471:eth
467:the
405:or
323:or
220:Þ þ
180:ɔːr
69:Þ þ
33:Sho
7116::
7090:Wh
7071:Th
7051:Ng
6493:ᛋᛌ
6464:𐋐
5546:ng
3591:kk
3586:ck
3582:c̄
3578:k̄
3557:st
3533:æa
3530:ea
3524:īo
3521:īa
3481:ōe
3477:oe
3369:ēo
2881:æa
2878:ea
2840:ōe
2836:oe
2728:ēo
1794:AD
1708:,
1698:33
1696:,
1692:,
1663:;
1631:.
1606:.
1580:.
1572:.
1562:26
1560:.
1518:.
1488:.
1459:.
1435:.
1410:.
1396:.
1381:^
1351:^
1332:^
1316:.
1291:,
1281:,
1271:,
1261:,
1164::
1018:þe
969:th
957:th
928:,
907:ye
849:yᷤ
814:þu
684:es
661:ye
641:th
635:,
623:,
608:th
583:.
463:th
457:)
443:th
423:.
376:th
343:,
339:,
331:,
158:θ̠
7063:T
7043:L
7035:H
6959:A
6842:e
6835:t
6828:v
6751:ö
6742:ä
6733:å
6724:z
6715:y
6706:x
6697:u
6688:t
6679:s
6670:r
6661:q
6652:p
6643:o
6634:n
6625:m
6616:l
6607:k
6598:i
6589:h
6580:g
6571:f
6562:e
6553:d
6544:c
6535:b
6526:a
6513:ᛦ
6508:ᚯ
6504:Å
6498:ᛠ
6488:ᚢ
6483:ᛐ
6478:ᛌ
6473:ᚱ
6468:ᛩ
6460:ᛰ
6455:ᚿ
6450:ᛘ
6445:ᛚ
6440:ᚴ
6435:ᛁ
6430:ᚼ
6423:ᚠ
6418:ᛆ
6413:ᚦ
6408:ᛋ
6403:ᛒ
6398:ᛅ
6394:–
6377:)
6350:ö
6341:ä
6332:å
6323:z
6314:y
6305:x
6296:w
6287:v
6278:u
6269:þ
6260:t
6251:s
6242:r
6233:q
6224:ᴘ
6215:p
6206:ǫ
6197:o
6188:ɴ
6179:n
6170:m
6161:ʟ
6152:l
6143:k
6134:j
6125:i
6116:h
6107:ŋ
6098:g
6089:f
6080:e
6071:ð
6062:d
6053:c
6044:b
6035:a
6021:ᚯ
6014:ᛅ
6007:ᚰ
6000:ᛍ
5994:ᛎ
5987:ᛨ
5981:ᛦ
5975:ᚤ
5968:ᚼ
5962:ᛪ
5956:ᛋ
5951:ᚴ
5944:ᚢ
5937:ᚤ
5931:ᚡ
5924:ᚢ
5917:ᚦ
5910:ᛐ
5903:ᛋ
5896:ᚱ
5889:ᚴ
5882:ᛕ
5875:ᛔ
5868:ᚰ
5861:ᚮ
5854:ᛀ
5847:ᚾ
5841:ᚿ
5834:ᛘ
5827:ᛛ
5820:ᛚ
5813:ᚴ
5806:ᛁ
5799:ᛁ
5792:ᚼ
5785:ᚶ
5778:ᚵ
5771:ᚠ
5764:ᛂ
5757:ᚧ
5750:ᛑ
5743:ᛎ
5737:ᛍ
5730:ᛒ
5723:ᛆ
5718:–
5701:x
5653:ᛪ
5614:–
5601:ᴘ
5589:c
5584:z
5563:ɴ
5535:ö
5515:ᛕ
5504:ᛎ
5485:ᛀ
5470:ᚶ
5461:ᚯ
5450:–
5437:y
5422:ʟ
5409:p
5400:d
5390:z
5385:c
5370:ä
5359:e
5350:n
5333:g
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5318:ǫ
5309:ð
5301:v
5296:y
5287:v
5273:ᛨ
5260:ᛛ
5249:ᛔ
5242:ᛑ
5233:ᛍ
5220:ᛅ
5211:ᛂ
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5189:ᚵ
5180:ᚰ
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5159:ᚡ
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5126:l
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5106:b
5097:t
5086:s
5071:a
5061:j
5056:i
5047:n
5039:x
5034:h
5020:q
5015:k
5006:r
4997:o
4988:þ
4980:w
4975:u
4966:f
4952:ᛦ
4939:ᛚ
4932:ᛘ
4923:ᛒ
4916:ᛐ
4911:᛬
4906:ᛋ
4893:ᛆ
4884:ᛁ
4877:ᚿ
4870:ᚼ
4865:᛬
4856:ᚴ
4849:ᚱ
4842:ᚮ
4835:ᚦ
4828:ᚢ
4821:ᚠ
4816:–
4803:)
4776:ʟ
4763:p
4754:d
4732:ä
4727:e
4718:ɴ
4702:ŋ
4697:g
4684:ð
4676:ö
4671:y
4662:v
4648:ᛛ
4637:ᛔ
4630:ᛑ
4609:ᛂ
4602:ᛀ
4587:ᚵ
4576:ᚧ
4569:ᚤ
4562:ᚡ
4557:–
4545:ʀ
4540:y
4525:l
4516:m
4505:b
4496:t
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4481:s
4467:ä
4462:a
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4447:i
4438:n
4429:h
4414:k
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4397:ǫ
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4393:å
4388:o
4379:þ
4371:w
4367:o
4362:u
4353:f
4339:ᛦ
4326:ᛚ
4319:ᛘ
4310:ᛒ
4303:ᛐ
4298:᛬
4293:ᛋ
4280:ᛅ
4271:ᛁ
4264:ᚾ
4257:ᚼ
4252:᛬
4243:ᚴ
4236:ᚱ
4229:ᚬ
4222:ᚦ
4215:ᚢ
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4203:–
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4163:ʀ
4148:l
4139:m
4129:p
4124:b
4116:d
4111:t
4101:z
4096:s
4082:ä
4077:a
4067:e
4063:j
4058:i
4049:n
4040:h
4026:ŋ
4022:g
4017:k
4008:r
4000:ǫ
3998:/
3996:å
3992:o
3987:ą
3979:ð
3974:þ
3966:w
3964:/
3962:v
3958:o
3954:ö
3952:/
3950:y
3945:u
3937:v
3932:f
3918:ᛧ
3905:ᛚ
3898:ᛙ
3889:ᛓ
3882:ᛐ
3877:᛬
3872:ᛌ
3859:ᛆ
3850:ᛁ
3843:ᚿ
3836:ᚽ
3831:᛬
3822:ᚴ
3815:ᚱ
3808:ᚭ
3801:ᚦ
3794:ᚢ
3787:ᚠ
3782:–
3768:ᛦ
3755:ᛚ
3748:ᛘ
3739:ᛒ
3732:ᛏ
3727:᛬
3722:ᛋ
3709:ᛅ
3700:ᛁ
3693:ᚾ
3686:ᚼ
3681:᛬
3672:ᚴ
3665:ᚱ
3658:ᚬ
3651:ᚦ
3644:ᚢ
3637:ᚠ
3632:–
3617:)
3567:ḡ
3549:k
3540:q
3513:y
3505:y
3500:æ
3491:a
3472:œ
3463:d
3454:ŋ
3445:l
3436:m
3428:ɛ
3423:e
3414:b
3405:t
3394:s
3385:x
3376:p
3366:é
3361:ï
3350:j
3341:i
3332:n
3323:h
3312:ƿ
3304:k
3300:ŋ
3296:g
3291:ȝ
3283:ɕ
3279:ɧ
3275:k
3270:c
3261:r
3253:ö
3249:å
3244:o
3236:ð
3231:þ
3223:o
3218:u
3210:v
3205:f
3191:ᛤ
3182:ᚸ
3173:ᛥ
3166:ᛣ
3159:ᛢ
3152:ᛠ
3145:ᛡ
3138:ᚣ
3131:ᚫ
3124:ᚪ
3115:ᛟ
3108:ᛞ
3101:ᛜ
3095:ᛝ
3088:ᛚ
3081:ᛗ
3074:ᛖ
3067:ᛒ
3060:ᛏ
3050:ᛋ
3043:ᛉ
3036:ᛈ
3029:ᛇ
3020:ᛡ
3014:ᛄ
3007:ᛁ
3000:ᚾ
2993:ᚺ
2987:ᚻ
2977:ᚹ
2970:ᚷ
2963:ᚳ
2956:ᚱ
2949:ᚩ
2942:ᚦ
2935:ᚢ
2928:ᚠ
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2921:–
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2868:y
2859:æ
2850:a
2831:œ
2822:d
2813:ŋ
2804:l
2795:m
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2782:e
2773:b
2764:t
2753:s
2744:x
2735:p
2725:é
2720:ï
2709:j
2700:i
2691:n
2682:h
2671:ƿ
2663:k
2659:ŋ
2655:g
2650:ȝ
2642:ɕ
2638:ɧ
2634:k
2629:c
2620:r
2612:ö
2608:å
2603:o
2595:ð
2590:þ
2582:o
2577:u
2569:v
2564:f
2550:ᛠ
2540:ᚣ
2533:ᚫ
2526:ᚪ
2516:ᛟ
2509:ᛞ
2502:ᛜ
2496:ᛝ
2489:ᛚ
2482:ᛗ
2475:ᛖ
2468:ᛒ
2461:ᛏ
2451:ᛋ
2444:ᛉ
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2421:ᛡ
2415:ᛄ
2408:ᛁ
2401:ᚾ
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2388:ᚻ
2378:ᚹ
2371:ᚷ
2364:ᚳ
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2322:–
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2009:ᛟ
2002:ᛞ
1995:ᛝ
1989:ᛜ
1982:ᛚ
1975:ᛗ
1968:ᛖ
1961:ᛒ
1954:ᛏ
1949:᛬
1944:ᛋ
1938:ᛊ
1931:ᛉ
1924:ᛈ
1917:ᛇ
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1901:ᛁ
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