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590:
218:
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20:
172:
184:
106:, then director of the German Archaeological Institute, to assert that there existed a distinct substructure to the original Parthenon, called Parthenon I by Dörpfeld, not immediately below the present edifice as had been previously assumed. Dörpfeldâs observation was that the three steps of the first Parthenon consist of two steps of
110:
limestone, the same as the foundations, and a top step of Karrha limestone that was covered by the lowest step of the
Periclean Parthenon. This platform was smaller and slightly to the north of the final Parthenon, indicating that it was built for a wholly different building, now wholly covered over.
148:
to attempt to supply limiting dates for the temple platform and the five walls hidden under the reâterracing of the acropolis. Dinsmoor concluded that the latest possible date for
Parthenon I was no earlier 495 BC, contradicting the early date given by Dörpfeld. Further Dinsmoor denied that there
143:
was not fully developed: the careless digging and refilling of the site led to a loss of much valuable information. An attempt to make sense of the potsherds found on the acropolis came with the two-volume study by Graef and
Langlotz published 1925â33. This inspired American archaeologist
183:
159:
217:
122:
in 450. The mundane fact of the cost of reconstructing Athens after the
Persian sack is at least as likely a cause. However the excavations of Bert Hodge Hill led him to propose the existence of a second Parthenon begun in the period of
127:
after 468 BC. Hill claimed that the Karrha limestone step Dörpfeld took to be the highest of
Parthenon I was in fact the lowest of the three steps of Parthenon II whose stylobate dimensions Hill calculated to be 23.51x66.888m.
111:
This picture was somewhat complicated by the publication of the final report on the 1885â90 excavations indicating that the substructure was contemporary with the
Kimonian walls, and implying a later date for the first temple.
114:
If the original
Parthenon was indeed destroyed in 480 BC, it invites the question of why the site was left a ruin for 33 years. One argument involves the oath sworn by the Greek allies before the
171:
1061:
1071:
1081:
205:
829:
486:
149:
were two protoâParthenons, and that the only preâPericlean temple was what Dörpfeld referred to as
Parthenon II. Dinsmoor and Dörpfeld exchanged views in the
569:
589:
985:
980:
118:
in 479 BC declaring that the sanctuaries destroyed by the
Persians would not be rebuilt, an oath the Athenians were only absolved from with the
579:
779:
669:
1076:
1022:
479:
87:
965:
879:
759:
574:
559:
519:
375:
749:
684:
975:
949:
19:
1066:
472:
929:
689:
674:
874:
764:
659:
869:
529:
132:
970:
140:
919:
644:
63:
foundation that extended and leveled the southern part of the
Acropolis summit. This building replaced a
679:
544:
524:
145:
79:
24:
939:
824:
794:
769:
654:
619:
242:
99:
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549:
534:
495:
103:
64:
52:
754:
56:
789:
664:
115:
75:
864:
859:
854:
819:
799:
694:
119:
44:
43:, as it is frequently referred to, constitutes the first endeavour to build a sanctuary for
223:
Column drums of the destroyed Older Parthenon, reused in building-up the North wall of the
94:
and the drums of its columns were plainly visible built into the curtain wall north of the
914:
889:
539:
379:
934:
838:
774:
262:
1055:
924:
834:
604:
564:
372:
1008:
1002:
909:
884:
714:
609:
228:
191:
98:. Further material evidence of this structure was revealed with the excavations of
904:
894:
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639:
634:
629:
624:
514:
136:
649:
554:
195:, or "Persian rubble": remnants of the destruction of Athens by the armies of
95:
1037:
1024:
131:
One difficulty in dating the protoâParthenon is that at the time of the 1885
739:
509:
224:
165:
Foundation of the Older Parthenon, below the platform of the newer Parthenon
91:
83:
60:
48:
90:. The existence of the protoâParthenon and its destruction was known from
899:
744:
719:
196:
28:
729:
724:
23:
The Older Parthenon (in black) was destroyed by the Achaemenids in the
464:
124:
18:
468:
177:
Older Parthenon column drum in the North wall of the Acropolis.
335:
Die Ausgrabung der Acropolis vom Jahre 1885 bis zum Jahre 1890
359:
The authenticity of this is disputed, however; P. Siewert,
67:(meaning "hundredâfooter") and would have stood beside the
373:
Minott Kerr, "The Sole Witness": The Periclean Parthenon
74:
The Old Parthenon was still under construction when the
211:
Extant foundations of the Earlier and Later Parthenon
994:
958:
847:
812:
703:
597:
502:
1062:5th-century BC religious buildings and structures
1072:Ancient Greek buildings and structures in Athens
348:A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions II
102:of 1885â1890. The findings of this dig allowed
830:Museum of the Center for the Acropolis Studies
199:. Photographed in 1866, just after excavation.
1082:Demolished buildings and structures in Greece
480:
8:
410:Die Antiken Vasen von der Akropolis zu Athen
707:
487:
473:
465:
189:Part of the archaeological remains called
69:archaic temple dedicated to Athena Polias
16:Ancient temple in the Acropolis of Athens
253:
155:
7:
311:, Ath. Mitt, XVII, 1892, pp. 158â89.
283:The Parthenon and the Temple of Zeus
986:Siege of the Acropolis (1826â1827)
981:Siege of the Acropolis (1821â1822)
14:
88:Second Persian invasion of Greece
55:. It was begun shortly after the
966:Achaemenid destruction of Athens
880:Korai of the Acropolis of Athens
588:
216:
204:
182:
170:
158:
151:American Journal of Archaeology
780:Louis-François-Sébastien Fauvel
560:Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos
550:Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus
457:American Journal of Archaeology
444:American Journal of Archaeology
427:American Journal of Archaeology
423:The Date of the Older Parthenon
397:American Journal of Archaeology
685:Church of Panagia Atheniotissa
625:Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia
322:Die Zeit des alteren Parthenon
59:(c. 490â88 BC) upon a massive
1:
976:Siege of the Acropolis (1687)
350:, 1948, no. 204, lines 46â51.
690:Temple of Roma and Augustus
675:Choragic Monument of Nikias
324:, AM 27, 1902, pp. 379â416.
1098:
875:Pediments of the Parthenon
1077:Temples in ancient Athens
765:Giovanni Battista Lusieri
710:
660:Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus
586:
333:P. Kavvadis, G. Kawerau,
82:in 480 BC, and razed the
870:Metopes of the Parthenon
530:Odeon of Herodes Atticus
971:Sack of Athens (267 AD)
446:, XXXIX, 1935, 497â507.
429:, XXXVIII, 1934, 408â48
408:B. Graef, E. Langlotz,
78:sacked the city in the
920:Nike Fixing her Sandal
645:Altar of Athena Polias
545:Sanctuary of Asclepius
32:
27:, and then rebuilt by
525:Temple of Athena Nike
309:Der aeltere Parthenon
263:"Acropolis of Athens"
146:William Bell Dinsmoor
80:Destruction of Athens
25:Destruction of Athens
22:
940:Athena Marsyas Group
825:Old Acropolis Museum
795:Panagiotis Kavvadias
770:Reverend Philip Hunt
655:Sanctuary of Pandion
620:Old Temple of Athena
459:, XXXIX, 1935, 508â9
440:Parthenon I, II, III
361:Der Eid von Plataia
243:Old Temple of Athena
100:Panagiotis Kavvadias
1067:Acropolis of Athens
1038:37.9714°N 23.7267°E
1034: /
950:Three-Bodied Daemon
945:Nike of Callimachus
535:Pedestal of Agrippa
496:Acropolis of Athens
399:, XVI, 1912, 535â58
393:The Older Parthenon
53:Acropolis of Athens
47:on the site of the
755:Francesco Morosini
378:2007-06-08 at the
57:battle of Marathon
33:
1017:
1016:
808:
807:
790:Kyriakos Pittakis
665:Odeon of Pericles
598:Former structures
503:Extant structures
391:Bert Hodge Hill,
116:battle of Plataea
49:present Parthenon
1089:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:37.9714; 23.7267
1039:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
995:Related articles
865:Athena Promachos
860:Parthenon Frieze
855:Athena Parthenos
820:Acropolis Museum
800:Nikolaos Balanos
708:
695:Parthenon mosque
592:
570:Cave Sanctuaries
489:
482:
475:
466:
460:
453:
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412:, Berlin 1925â33
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261:Ioanna Venieri.
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174:
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120:Peace of Callias
104:Wilhelm Dörpfeld
45:Athena Parthenos
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1018:
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990:
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930:Procne and Itys
915:Mourning Athena
890:Euthydikos Kore
843:
804:
699:
615:Older Parthenon
593:
584:
540:Stoa of Eumenes
498:
493:
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420:
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380:Wayback Machine
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37:Older Parthenon
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935:Lemnian Athena
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839:British Museum
832:
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775:Jacques Carrey
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670:Frankish Tower
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580:Infrastructure
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363:(1972) 98â102.
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137:archaeological
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925:Persian Rider
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836:
835:Elgin Marbles
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608:
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605:Pelasgic wall
603:
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566:
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497:
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485:
483:
478:
476:
471:
470:
467:
458:
455:W. Dinsmoor,
452:
449:
445:
441:
438:W. Dörpfeld,
435:
432:
428:
424:
421:W. Dinsmoor,
418:
415:
411:
405:
402:
398:
394:
388:
385:
381:
377:
374:
369:
366:
362:
356:
353:
349:
343:
340:
336:
330:
327:
323:
320:W. Dörpfeld,
317:
314:
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284:
278:
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264:
257:
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72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:PreâParthenon
38:
30:
26:
21:
1019:
1003:Perserschutt
1001:
910:Moschophoros
885:Antenor Kore
715:Themistocles
614:
610:Hekatompedon
456:
451:
443:
439:
434:
426:
422:
417:
409:
404:
396:
392:
387:
368:
360:
355:
347:
342:
334:
329:
321:
316:
308:
307:W Dörpfeld,
303:
295:
290:
282:
277:
266:. Retrieved
256:
229:Themistocles
192:Perserschutt
190:
150:
130:
113:
107:
73:
65:hekatompedon
40:
36:
34:
1041: /
905:Peplos Kore
895:Kritios Boy
785:Ludwig Ross
735:Callicrates
640:Arrephorion
635:Pandroseion
630:Chalkotheke
515:Erechtheion
346:N. M. Tod,
86:during the
1056:Categories
1029:23°43âČ36âłE
1026:37°58âČ17âłN
760:Lord Elgin
650:Eleusinion
565:Beulé Gate
555:Aglaureion
294:Herodotus,
268:2007-05-04
249:References
139:method of
133:excavation
96:Erechtheum
31:(in grey).
848:Sculpture
750:Mardonius
740:Mnesikles
680:Klepsydra
575:Peripatos
520:Propylaia
510:Parthenon
296:Histories
225:Acropolis
153:in 1935.
141:seriation
92:Herodotus
84:acropolis
61:limestone
900:Kore 670
745:Xerxes I
720:Pericles
376:Archived
281:Hurwit,
237:See also
197:Xerxes I
76:Persians
29:Pericles
837:at the
813:Museums
730:Ictinus
725:Phidias
337:, 1906.
51:on the
959:Events
704:People
298:, 8.53
1009:Moria
285:, 135
227:, by
125:Kimon
108:poros
135:the
35:The
39:or
1058::
442:,
425:,
395:,
71:.
488:e
481:t
474:v
382:.
271:.
231:.
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