946:, in March 1382. King Charles VI's absence from Paris while supporting his troops in Flanders gave hope to the revolters that royal power had weakened. King Charles VI's victory in Flanders and return to Paris, however, changed the situation as the Parisians chose not to confront the King. In February 1383 Olivier stated to them that they appeared to be rich and bourgeois, and stated: "Corps and property, you are in case of forfeiture. See what you choose: justice or mercy." They chose mercy, that is to say, the payment of a large sum depending on the fortunes of each person. The King's entourage was magnanimous and eventually abandoned a portion of these "fines".
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1060:, accompanied by the Constable, marched on Brittany, but it was on this expedition that the King was seized with a bout of madness. The uncles of King Charles VI blamed Olivier for his breakdown. During King Charles VI's dementia phase, the King's uncle was returned to power. The Parliament condemned Olivier on 10 December 1392 for having illegally enriched himself, banished Olivier from the Kingdom, fined him two hundred thousand pounds, and demanded the return of the sword of Constable. Olivier refused to return the sword, and sought refuge in the castle of Montlhéry, and in Brittany in his castle of Josselin.
1088:, was reconciled in 1396 with his overlord Duke John IV. The latter sent his son as a guarantee of his sincerity. They promised peace and good friendship until death. The promise was kept, the two men were at peace when Duke John IV died in 1399. The Dukes son was only ten years old when the regent Joan of Navarre married King Henry IV of England. Louis of Orleans offered to his brother King Charles VI that the government of Brittany be therefore entrusted to Olivier, to prevent it passing under English domination, however Philip the Bold became regent of the Duchy.
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908:, King Charles VI, crowned at the age of twelve, gave Olivier the rank of Constable of France on 28 November, with the support of the Duke of Anjou, but despite the opposition of the Dukes of Berry and Burgundy, all three uncles of the King. Two other candidates declined the offer considering Olivier's experienced warfaring skills. The role of Constable gave the holder the right to keep loot of war apart from gold, silver, and prisoners. Olivier received the Constable's sword, and held the office from 1380 to 1392.
430:, drafted on 8 May. Officially ratified on 24 October of that year, this treaty, which had been renamed the Treaty of Calais, sought to defuse sources of conflict between France and England, opening a nine-year truce between the two Kingdoms. As a part of its pursuit to eliminate the reasons for the two countries' animosity, such as the grievances Olivier's family had against the French Monarchy, this treaty, in an attempt to rectify these wrongs, posthumously reinstated the
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892:
673:, The oath between the new allies stated that the benefits of any gains would be shared. This alliance was indicative of the general state of vassalage links of the era, leading to situations where these links were intertwined and inextricable, each becoming free to choose sides in the interests of the moment. The brotherhood of arms had become greater than the vassal relationship, Olivier respected the oath with Du Guesclin. From this pact, Olivier formally became a
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528:. The two opposing Breton armies clashed under the walls of the city on 29 September. Monfortistes were entrenched there and John IV attempted to overcome the numerical inferiority of his army by attacking the Breton-French camp by surprise. The Breton-English commander, however, adopted a proposal from Olivier and waited for the Breton-French army to climb a slope leading to Auray. They managed to divide the troops of
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would be executed for treason after removing the Duke and the third would be imprisoned for twenty five years. The clash of
Olivier and his daughter in 1399 gave rise to a legend. In her flight, Marguerite allegedly broke her leg and became lame earning her the nickname "Lame Margot." This legend was probably invented by an opposing faction of the family after 1420.
888:(1330-1406), a daughter of Alain VII Rohan. Marguerite was the widow of Jean de Beaumanoir, a hero of the Breton nobility, who faced the English at the battle of Trent, she had three daughters. A sister of Clisson, Isabeau, is also united in 1338 to Jean Rieux. With these unions, Olivier V is linked to the largest noble families of Brittany.
987:, the weapons master of Duke John IV, who was content to keep him locked up. In the morning, Duke John IV asked about the fate of Olivier, and John Bazvalan admitted the non-execution of the order. Olivier eventually agreed to pay a large sum and to give to Duke John IV the forts of Blain, Josselin and Jugon Le Guildo.
619:, his cousin in 1370. A few months later, Olivier formalised his change of allegiance, by signing a charter establishing the suzerainty of the King of France over Josselin, even though it was located in the heart of Brittany. For his part, Duke John IV expressed his displeasure with Olivier in this regard.
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Marguerite de
Clisson, daughter of Olivier, nicknamed Margot, sided with her husband John, Count of Penthièvre, against her father, and claimed the Duchy, which attracted the wrath of Olivier, who predicted: "Perverse, you'll ruin your children". This prediction would come true, since two of her sons
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In 1378 King
Charles V made the political choice to fully annex Brittany to the Kingdom of France in 18 December, causing a reversal of the independence of the Breton nobility, including Joan, Duchess of Brittany, as the Treaty of Guérande had not been respected. King Charles V petitioned four Breton
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Brittany was at this stage indebted to the
English King Edward III. Thomas Melbourne, Treasurer and Receiver General of the Duchy, and other advisors to the Breton Duke were English. Breton Nobles such as Olivier resented this as well as an increasingly popular discontent over the implementation of a
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After a peace treaty was signed, his father was invited to Paris for a tournament, but was arrested, tried and executed by beheading on 2 August 1343. This expeditious execution shocked the nobility as the evidence of guilt was never made public. Moreover, the notion of betrayal does not refer in the
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Since the King was only twelve years old, Olivier played a special role, as the historian Françoise
Autrand qualified, as an "uncle". By 1388 at the age of fifteen, King Charles VI decided to govern without his real uncle. The Constable was now part of a group which headed the government, included
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In 1384 Olivier conceived a project to invade
England using a huge fortified raft. One thousand three hundred ships were gathered and protected by ninety-seven warships. This very expensive operation was not successful: At the time of its completion, in December 1386, the Duke of Berry, one of the
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Duke John IV on his return from exile found support in
Brittany and a Breton provisional government was created to meet with the King of France. Olivier saw an opportunity to take the title of Duke but failed again to convince the King of France as Duke John IV again had a secret arrangements with
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née de
Belleville, swore Olivier and his brother Guillaume to avenge their father. She raised funds for an army to attack troops loyal to France, stationed in Brittany. Eventually she armed ships and started a piratical war against French ships. These ships were eventually lost and Jeanne with her
743:), was tortured and killed. In revenge, Olivier executed fifteen prisoners and developed a reputation for not hesitating to mutilate captive enemies, cutting off arms or legs. du Guesclin evidently remarked "God! The body of St. Benedict, the English are not wrong when they call you the Butcher!"
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castle and forest, a reward
Olivier coveted for his loyal service. Olivier expressed his displeasure at the new Duke, but this did not change the matter. Olivier evidently raged "I would rather give myself to the devil than have an English neighbor" A fortnight later, the Gâvre castle was
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estimated that the annual revenues of
Olivier in 1400 were around five hundred million Francs, representing about one hundred and eighty million euros in 2013 terms. When estimating his property, his heritage and his fortune was estimated at six tons of gold and sixty tons of silver.
552:, acceded to these events, and peace talks between the houses of Blois and Montfort started. John IV was nicknamed the Conqueror and was recognized as the only Duke of Brittany. Olivier, while nursing his injury learnt that John IV had given the English commander,
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during which twenty-five thousand men were massacred. The Constable was able to gain a tactical advantage against the inexperienced bourgeois militias, artisans, and merchants who were crushed by the seasoned French troops, who then engaged in massive looting.
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when the English besieged it in 1342. His father was captured by the English and imprisoned, but was released after a relatively low ransom was paid. Because of the amount, the King of France, Philip VI and his advisers suspected Clisson of conspiring with
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Duke John IV wanted to ingratiate the favor of France, and thus besieged Josselin. By 1394 King Charles VI however restored confidence in Olivier and although Philip of Artois succeeded him in 1392, the King confirmed his function as the Constable. In 1397
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After mentioning in his will a wish to return the sword of the Constable, Olivier de Clisson died in Josselin on 23 April 1407 at the age of 71. He was buried in the chapel of the castle of Josselin. His grave was however desecrated in 1793.
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In 1366 Olivier was sent to Paris as the Breton ambassador to ensure that Charles V, King of France, complied to the guarantees of the status of an independent Brittany. On 22 May Olivier was received with great fanfare in Paris.
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In 1388 the King of France traded with the Duke for Olivier and restored the confiscated lands to the Constable, but not the ransom. This was to spare the Duke from humiliation and again becoming a fulcrum for the English.
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King's uncles, delayed and prevented the smooth running of the operation, especially as the main supporter, the Duke of Burgundy, had fallen ill. Bad weather also prevented the project, which was finally abandoned in 1387.
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It appears that Olivier was positioning his family as under the terms of the Treaty of Guérande, if Duke John IV had no male child, Jean de Blois, son of Joan, Duchess of Brittany, would then be the Ducal heir apparent.
795:, to head the Duchy, with the title of "lieutenant of the King" This appointment was however honorific, as the Duke of Anjou never entered Brittany. Olivier was subsequently appointed co-regent with a Vicount, John I of
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coat, and was able to draw his sword and fend off his attackers. In the struggle, he fell from his horse and was knocked out against the door of a baker's shop. Believing him dead, Craon fled Paris for Brittany.
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Beatrice (c. 1366–1448), married in 1407 Alain VIII de Rohan. Their son, Alain IX of Rohan, married Margaret, a sister of John V. This branch of the Rohan family had a flourishing destiny and inherited Castle
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In 1389 the King encouraged leaders of noble Breton families such as Olivier to apply for the title of Duke of Brittany, if Duke John IV had no male heir. The Duke of Brittany, however, did produce a son with
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of 4 April normalised relations between the Duchy of Brittany and the Kingdom of France, Duke John IV and Olivier signed a treaty of "good allies" on 30 May 1381, which was reaffirmed on 27 February 1382.
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outside Paris, Olivier advised the King in a cautious tactic, a defensive strategy to avoid a pitched battle as the French were not sufficiently prepared; Knowles was eventually turned away from capital.
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The Flemish uprising caused secondary emancipatory desires in Paris itself. A decision to reinstate a tax which had been abolished by the previous King, started a revolt from the citizens of Paris, the
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themselves opened the gates to the French troops. On several occasions, as with Moncontour, the English did not spare prisoners who could pay ransom. The squire of Olivier who was captured in
756:. Duke John IV chose to sign a new treaty of alliance with England explaining to France that he was forced to host English troops in order to counter Olivier's militant presence in Brittany.
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same way for nobles of that time: they claimed the right to choose whom to honor. Olivier IV's body received additional posthumous humiliation: his body was hanged by the armpits at the
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In the spring of 1369, Olivier advised the French King in planning a possible invasion of England, to avoid the winter storms of the Channel given the weakness of the French fleet.
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ended with this battle and Olivier had played an important role. Olivier was however injured and lost the use of one eye, earning him the nickname "the one-eyed man of Auray".
1043:, allegedly at the instigation of Duke John IV. Craon waylaid Olivier in a narrow street. Olivier's unarmed servants fled, but Olivier was saved from death by his
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In 1373 in response to this, King Charles V ordered the Constable on 1 March to seize the Duchy and ensure the support of Olivier, by giving him the lordship of
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In 1382, following a revolt in Flanders challenging feudal power, King Charles VI of France decided to intervene and assist his ally, the Count of Flanders,
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In 1370 King Charles V requested Olivier to plunder English-controlled southwest France. On 23 October, Olivier allied now with du Guesclin, by the oath of
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It was after these events that Olivier was taken by his mother to England in his youth. Hereafter, he was raised in the court of King Edward III alongside
589:(Castile) and faced troops commanded by the French Constable du Guesclin. The French lost this battle and du Guesclin was captured for the second time.
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This also made Olivier a relative of the King of France. This alliance opened up new political possibilities. The marriage produced two daughters:
1072:, but Olivier retained the privilege of being the holder of the Constable sword. By 1397 Olivier had also formed a secondary Royal alliance with
508:, John IV took advantage of the troubled situation in France since the capture of King John II the Good and was assisted by the English under
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In 1363 Olivier was still on the side of the Breton-English Montfortists and one of the commanders of the Montfort troops who failed to take
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two sons set adrift for five days. Guillaume died of thirst, cold and exhaustion. Olivier and his mother were finally rescued and taken to
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the then King of England, Richard II. Duke John IV therefore reclaimed his seat of Brittany except the land held by Olivier, including
763:. Du Guesclin and Olivier started a propaganda war to discredit the Breton nobility of Duke John IV. English troops were stationed in
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of Olivier's father, allowing his relatives to regain the rights and privileges their family's nobility had once provided them.
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and were fought separately. Isolated from the bulk of his army, Charles de Blois was surrounded and killed in the melee, while
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to prohibit access to the city by the sea. At this stage, Brest was the last city under English occupation in Brittany.
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Olivier could have claimed the title of Duke, but King Charles V chose to hand over Brittany to his brother, the
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for the English, since he was forced to decamp and to negotiate on behalf of Duke John IV with King Charles V.
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King Charles V apparently secured the full services of Olivier at this stage by paying him with properties in
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During the years 1373 to 1377 Duke John IV re-entered Brittany after attaining the services of the English
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In 1387 Olivier was invited by Duke John IV to attend a session of the Parliament of Brittany in
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during the summer. The English retaliated by leading an expedition against the stronghold of
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1139:. Taking up the claims of the Penthièvre family in terms of the ducal throne, she kidnapped
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In 1384 the treaty Olivier had with Duke John IV did not prevent him to pay the ransom of
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surprisingly burnt down. In response to this, Duke John IV confiscated the lordship of
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Olivier de Clisson and Political Society in France under Charles V and Charles VI
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Olivier de Clisson and Political Society in France Under Charles V and Charles VI
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In 1371 the King of France decided to attack the English in their possessions of
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in 1370, an imposing new fortress with eight towers. In the same year, he joined
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In 1392 on Olivier's return to Paris, an attempt was made to assassinate him by
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Church window detail of Olivier V and Margaret de Clisson at Josselin, Brittany
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1273:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 530–531.
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at the head of a Breton-English force to Brittany in 1359 as part of a
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Clisson had two daughters, born of his union with Catherine de Laval.
360:, a future claimant of the Ducal throne of Brittany. Olivier's mother
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426:, Olivier was reconciled to the French Crown in 1360 as part of the
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After ten years in England, Olivier, then twenty-three, accompanied
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Clisson and du Guesclin affirmed their loyalty to the Valois cause.
806:, symbolic as this castle was the property of the English General,
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In 1364 several months after the accession of another French king,
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to intervene with about ten thousand troops. Duke John IV retook
263:(23 April 1336 – 23 April 1407), nicknamed "The Butcher", was a
1290:, Oxford University Press, 1970, pp. 106, 123-4, 128, 130, 200.
1147:. She was defeated and her property was confiscated by John V.
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lasted from 1373 to 1377; Olivier then built the fortress of
461:. He therefore became first cousin of both Ducal claimants:
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Reconciliation with Duke John IV and Protector of Brittany
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This political episode is known as the "government of the
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in Paris, and his head was piked at the Sauvetout gate of
19:"Olivier de Clisson" redirects here. For other uses, see
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Entrance gate of Clisson's residence, rue des Archives,
457:, heiress of the family Laval, and granddaughter of the
1330:(Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996).
1031:, who was also named Jean and was born on 24 December.
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In the same year, during a raid by the English General
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In 1367 Olivier participated, with the English General
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Catherine of Laval and Chateaubrian; Maguerite de Rohan
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Jean Le Mercier promoted to grand master of Hotel King
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After thirty years of conflict, Olivier, through the
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was also appointed Constable, replacing the deceased
700:, while the second attacked the English positions of
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and was the military commander defending the city of
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Joan, Duchess of Brittany, wife of Charles de Blois,
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Olivier de Clisson was born on 23 April 1336 at the
884:Widowed, Olivier, in 1378, married his second wife
600:In August of the same year, Olivier failed to take
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1127:Marguerite (1366–1441) married on 20 January 1387
1004:the chamberlain of Charles V Bureau de La Rivière
1056:In order to punish Duke John IV and Craon, King
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1172:Depending on the items specified in his will,
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401:Olivier V de Clisson depicted on his tomb
340:Formative years on the seas and in England
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802:1373, the summer began with the siege of
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1163:Surrender of Maguerite de Clisson (1420)
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856:Vicount Rohan timidly promised his help,
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442:In the same year, Olivier also married
1323:(London: Arms and Armour Press, 1985).
1095:Coat of arms of the Dutchy of Brittany
853:refused to fight against Duke John IV,
716:, which fell after ten days of siege.
731:were captured in 1372. The people of
524:In 1365 John IV besieged the city of
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875:Olivier V de Clisson personal blason
512:, the commander who had decided the
54:adding citations to reliable sources
16:14th and 15th-century Breton general
1308:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
791:, who was married to a daughter of
476:Beatrice of Laval, lady Villemomble
299:Olivier's father chose the camp of
243:Olivier IV de Clisson (Breton Lord)
21:Olivier de Clisson (disambiguation)
335:Coat of arms of the Clisson family
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719:The English controlled cities of
422:Under the reign of the new King,
1369:People of the Hundred Years' War
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783:Olivier as co-regent of Brittany
642:Having acquired the lordship of
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1321:The Book of the Medieval Knight
677:, the murderers of his father.
548:The widow of Charles de Blois,
403:Basilique Notre Dame du Roncier
41:needs additional citations for
1076:, brother of King Charles VI.
669:, defeated the English at the
303:and the King of France in the
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916:In 1381 the second Treaty of
1354:People from Loire-Atlantique
1304:Henneman, John Bell (2018).
1035:Second assassination attempt
424:John II "The Good" of France
134:Olivier Le Vieux de Clisson,
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956:John I, Count of Penthièvre
904:In 1380 after the death of
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1379:15th-century Breton people
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153:Detail from Olivier's tomb
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1145:John IV, Duke of Brittany
1133:Joan, Duchess of Brittany
912:Second Treaty of Guerande
752:permanent ducal tax, the
646:, Olivier began to build
550:Joan, Duchess of Brittany
520:Death of Charles de Blois
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793:Charles Penthievre Blois
602:Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte
544:First Treaty of Guérande
538:Breton War of Succession
373:Breton War of Succession
353:by Montfort supporters.
305:Breton War of Succession
1270:Encyclopædia Britannica
465:John IV de Montfort and
1232:at chateaujosselin.com
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652:Bertrand du Guesclin
534:Bertrand du Guesclin
267:soldier, the son of
261:Olivier V de Clisson
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1319:Turnbull, Stephen,
1265:Clisson, Olivier de
1000:with Olivier were:
944:Maillotins uprising
935:Battle of Roosebeke
900:Constable of France
886:Marguerite de Rohan
725:Saint Jean d'Angely
656:constable of France
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285:Château de Clisson
173:Château de Clisson
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1066:Louis de Sancerre
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747:Breton war debt
648:Josselin Castle
595:
575:
546:
522:
502:
486:
446:
440:
420:
380:King Edward III
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366:King Edward III
342:
314:King Edward III
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214:Josselin Castle
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824:
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789:Duke of Anjou
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484:War continues
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455:Châteaubriant
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
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583:Black Prince
576:
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563:Châteauceaux
554:John Chandos
547:
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510:John Chandos
503:
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318:
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222:Noble family
127:
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93:
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60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1349:1407 deaths
1344:1336 births
906:du Guesclin
849:Guy XII de
733:La Rochelle
447: [
1338:Categories
1213:, table 1.
1193:References
1058:Charles VI
1016:marmousets
827:St. Brieuc
754:hearth tax
714:Moncontour
226:de Clisson
212:Chapel at
191:1407-04-24
166:1336-04-23
106:April 2017
76:newspapers
1143:, son of
1131:, son of
1122:Josselin.
1045:chainmail
831:Quimperlé
741:Saintonge
706:Saintonge
667:Pontorson
662:in 1373.
615:with the
585:, at the
506:Charles V
388:guerrilla
279:Biography
231:Spouse(s)
1226:Archived
1181:See also
918:Guérande
839:Gouesnou
698:Rouergue
694:Auvergne
644:Josselin
613:Josselin
609:Normandy
494:BĂ©cherel
479:Margaret
411:Brittany
407:Josselin
289:Brittany
202:Brittany
198:Josselin
177:Brittany
1298:Sources
1258::
1223:History
1168:Fortune
1113:Descent
761:Guillac
729:Saintes
690:Guyenne
351:Morlaix
189: (
164: (
90:scholar
1252:
1141:John V
1135:, and
981:Vannes
866:Nantes
804:Derval
765:Derval
721:Loudun
702:Poitou
675:Valois
654:, the
556:, the
490:Nantes
432:honour
392:Poitou
362:Jeanne
326:Nantes
309:Vannes
273:Vannes
265:Breton
249:Mother
239:Father
208:Buried
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1104:Death
851:Laval
835:Brest
797:Rohan
773:Brest
769:Rouge
737:Benon
710:Anjou
660:Brest
636:Paris
558:Gâvre
526:Auray
451:]
97:JSTOR
83:books
1129:John
775:and
727:and
708:and
696:and
453:and
382:and
184:Died
159:Born
69:news
1267:".
1018:".
287:in
52:by
1340::
1279:^
1237:^
1201:^
868:.
817:,
810:.
799:.
771:,
767:,
723:,
704:,
516:.
496:.
449:fr
409:,
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394:.
368:.
328:.
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413:.
193:)
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113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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